Novae Gesneriaceae Neotropicarum XII. New species of Gesneriaceae from the Guianas

CHRISTIAN FEUILLET AND LAURENCE E. SKOG

Feuillet, C. & L. E. Skog. (Department of Systematic Biology-Botany, MRC- 166, Smithsonian Institution, RO. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, U.S.A.; emails: [email protected]; [email protected]). Novae Ges- neriaceae Neotropicarum XII. New species of Gesneriaceae from the Guianas. Brittonia 54: 352-361. 2002.--Five new species of Gesneriaceae are described from the Guianas: Nautilocalyx coccineus, Paradrymonia anisophyila, and Par- adrymonia barbata in the tribe Episcieae, from Guyana; Napeanthus angusti- folius from and Napeanthus rupieola from Guyana in the tribe Napeantheae. Key words: Episcieae, French Guiana, Gesneriaceae, Guyana, Napeantheae, Na- peanthus, Nautilocalyx, Paradrymonia.

In the last twenty years, there has been with mostly decumbent, soft, sappy stems, an intensification of botanical collecting in and with anthers dehiscing by longitudinal the Guianas and in Venezuelan Guayana in slits. The genus contains about 50 species Northern mainly for floristic (plus several yet to be described) distrib- projects. Study of new collections and re- uted throughout tropical America except lated materials has revealed the existence of southeastern Brazil. Paradrymonia species new genera and species (Skog & Steyer- are sometimes terrestrial, but are mostly mark, 1991; Feuillet & Steyermark, 1999; facultative low epiphytes forming loose ro- Feuillet & Skog, 2003) from Venezuela and settes of large leaves or climbers with long the Guianas. In this paper we describe four stems, and have anthers dehiscing by lon- new species from Guyana and one from gitudinal slits or central pores. The genus French Guiana, in the tribes Episcieae and contains about 40 species (plus several yet Napeantheae. to be described) distributed throughout tropical America except southeastern Brazil Tribe Episcieae and the Caribbean islands. Species of this tribe have decussate leaves equal to strongly unequal in a pair, Nautilocalyx coccineus Feuillet & L. E. stomata scattered on the abaxial side of leaf Skog, sp. nov. (Fig. 1) blades, bracteate inflorescences, superior ovaries, a nectary usually reduced to a dou- TYPE: GUYANA. Upper Potaro River re- ble connate dorsal gland (or rarely 2-5 gion: upper slopes of Mt. Wokomung, glands), fleshy capsules or berries, and 5~ 59~ 1540-1600 m, 11 Jul seeds with enlarged fleshy funicles. 1989 (fl), B. M. Boom & G. J. Samuels Nautilocalyx Hanst. and Paradrymonia 9186 (HOLOTYPE: US; ISOTYPE: NY). Hanst., related to the stoloniferous genus Herba rupicola; caulis debilis, decumbens; folia bul- Episcia Mart., include non-stoloniferous lata, obovata, basi inaequalia; sepala spathulata; corol- plants that have fleshy stems, zygomorphic la coccinea, calcarata, tubo cylindrico, limbo obliquo; calyces with free lobes, and fleshy capsules. stamina basi connata, staminodium dorsale, minutum; glans dorsalis; ovarium tomentosum. The species of Nautilocalyx are terrestrial herbs, sometimes growing on rotting logs, Saxicolous herb. Stems 5-10 cm long,

Brittonia, 54(4), 2002, pp. 352-361. ISSUED: 16 April 2003 2002, by The New York Botanical Garden Press, Bronx, NY 10458-5126 U.S.A. 2002] FEUILLET & SKOG: NOVAE GESNERIACEAE NEOTROPICARUM XII 353

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FIG. 1. Nautilocalyx coccineus. A. Whole plant. B. Detail of the base of the leaf blade (abaxial view). C. Corolla. D. Corolla opened to show the androecium. E. Calyx. F. Nectary gland and gynoecium in the calyx. G. Detail of the nectarial gland and the ovary. I-I. Capsule (calyx removed). I. Seeds. (A, E-F from Pipoly et al. 11085, US; B, H-I from Tillett et al. 44947, US; C-D, G from Boom & Samuels 9186, US.)

decumbent, sappy, terete, hirsute, rooting obovate, 6-15 X 3-6 cm; apex round to and branching at nodes. Leaves opposite, obtuse, blunt; base asymmetrically acute to unequal in a pair, the larger blade 1.5-5 rounded; margin crenate to widely serrate; times (or more) larger than the smaller one, surface bullate; adaxial side hirsute-floc- 354 BRITTONIA [VOL. 54 cose, with hairs in groups of 3-7 on the tudinally with white" (Boom & Samuels bullae, each hair borne on an individual 9186); "corolla limb scarlet, midrib and peak or 2-3 on lobed ridges on a bulla, me- lines to sinuses darker; throat and tube more dium green with silvery white to yellowish blued" (Tillett et al. 44947); "calyx green, green area around the midrib; abaxial side corolla fire-engine red" (Pipoly et al. hirsute on the veins, with narrow invagi- 11085). nations that correspond to the peaks and Distribution and ecology.--Nautilocalyx ridges of the other side; petiole 1.5-10 cm coccineus has been collected in the Upper long, hirsute; smaller leaf blade elliptic to Potaro and Cuyuni-Mazaruni Regions of obovate, 1-7 • 0.7-4 cm, the petiole 0.7- Guyana between 700 and 1600 m on Mts. 3 cm long. Inflorescences axillary, cymose, Ayanganna and Wokomung where it was 2-8-flowered, short-pedunculate and brac- growing on rocks in moist forests. Flower- teate, or fowers solitary; peduncles 0.2-0.5 ing in March, June, and July; fruiting in cm long, hirsute; bracts obovate, up to 1 • July. 0.3 cm; pedicels hirsute, 1-3.5 cm long. Etymology.--The specific epithet cocci- Calyx lobes free to base, green, hirsute; dor- neus, Latin for scarlet, refers to the red co- sal lobe spreading, linear to oblanceolate, rolla. 5-6 • 1.5 mm, entire; apex narrow-round- Among the Nautilocalyx species with red ed; base narrow; other lobes erect, spathu- corollas, N. coccineus appears closest to N. late, 10 • 3-4 mm, with 2 glandular teeth maguirei L. E. Skog & Steyerm. from Ve- distally, the apex truncate to wide-rounded nezuela (Bolfvar, Cerro Guaiquinima) from between teeth, the base narrow. Corolla which it differs as follows: stem pubescence strongly oblique in calyx, red, 3-4 cm long; long-hirsute (vs. sericeous or shortly pubes- tube straight, narrow-cylindric, 1.7-3 cm cent); leaves often unequal in a pair (vs. long, long-hirsute outside, short strigose in- equal); smaller leaf blades 6-15 • 3-6 cm side, with glabrous short-conical (2 • 1.5 (vs. 13-26 • 5-10.5 cm); bracts much larg- mm) spur at base, 2 mm wide at base, 1.5 er; calyx lobes spathulate (vs. narrowly lan- mm wide above base, slightly and gradually ceolate); corolla tube narrower, having limb inflating to 2-3 mm wide throat; limb with 3 lobes serrate and ventral lobe emar- oblique, 2-2.5 cm wide; lobes suborbicular, ginate (vs. entire to undulate); and ovary 5-7 • 5-9 mm, the lateral lobes entire, the pubescence ascending, long, and wavy (vs. dorsal lobes serrate, the ventral lobe serrate short-sericeous). and emarginate; stamens included, inserted near corolla base, connate at base; filaments Additional specimens examined: GUYANA. Cuyu- ni-Mazaruni Region: Mt. Ayanganna, 800 m, 30 Jul glabrous, contorted after pollen is shed; an- 1960 (fl, fr), Tillett, Tillett & Boyan 44947 (NY, US); thers coherent in a tetrad, orbicular; dorsal headwaters of W branch of Kangu Riv., ca. 4 km NW staminode minute, less than 0.2 mm, gla- of E peak of Mt. Ayanganna, 5~ 60~ 700 brous; nectary reduced to a dorsal gland, m, 6 Mar 1987 (fl), Pipoly, Gharbarran & Samuels entire, less than 1 mm long, rounded at 11085 (BRG, US); Mr. Ayanganna, E face, 1580 m, 59~ 5~ 21 Jun 2001 (fl), H. D. Clarke 9444 apex, glabrous; ovary small, conical, (us). oblique in the calyx, 1.5-2 • 0.8-1 ram, with ascendent, long and wavy pubescence; style glabrous, 18-20 mm long; stigma Paradrymonia anisophylla Feuillet & L. slightly bilobed, papillose. Capsule globose E. Skog, sp. nov. (Fig. 2A-D) (probably somewhat laterally flattened), 6 • 5 mm, with scattered hairs; seeds brown, TYPE: GUYANA. Cuyuni-Mazaruni Re- diagonally striate, ellipsoid, 0.6-0.8 • 0.3- gion, Partang Riv., top of Merume Mtn., 0.4 mm. 1140 m, 1 Jul 1960 (fl), S. S. Tillett, C. L. Nautilocalyx coccineus has striking flow- Tillett & R. Boyan 43948 (HOLOTYPE: US; ers, and collection labels give unusually ISOTYPE" NY). good, although slightly different, color de- Suffrutex epiphyticus; caulis dependens, hirsuta; fo- scriptions: "corolla reddish-orange on lia paris opposita, inaequalia, unum foliaceum, subtus lobes; tube reddish-purple, streaked longi- rubellum, alterum squamiforme; calyx rubellus; corolla 2002] FEUILLET & SKOG: NOVAE GESNERIACEAE NEOTROPICARUM XII 355

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FIG. 2. A-D. Paradryrnonia anisophylla. A. Stem. B. Detail of leaf indumentum. C. Flower (the limb was not attached to the corolla tube; ventral lobe not seen). D. Androecium and gynoecium. (From Tillett et aL 43948, US.) E--G. Paradrymonia ciliosa. E. Flower. F. Androecium. G. Fruit in the calyx. (E-F from Grenand & Pr~vost 2003, CAY; G from Granville 962, CAY.) eburnea, calcarata, fauce flava, lobis repandis; stamina base, with some long adventitious roots at basi connata; antherae poris centralibus dehiscentes. nodes (Boom & Samuels 8990). Leaves Epiphytic subshrub. Stems 30 cm long or strongly unequal in a pair, appearing alter- more, sappy, becoming sarmentose, hang- nate by reduction of one leaf per pair, the ing obliquely, terete, hirsute, branched at larger leaves short-petiolate; blade charta- 356 BRITTONIA [VOL. 54 ceous, elliptic to oblanceolate, 3.5-8 x 0.8- small group of climbing, sarmentose spe- 2 cm; apex blunt or acute to acuminate; cies with small leaves. Among the Guianan base cuneate to rounded, usually asymmet- species of Paradrymonia, P. anisophylla is ric; margin serrate to dentate; adaxial side easily distinguished by a combination of the strigose; abaxial side reddish, villous; peti- following characters: plants epiphytic with ole 2-7 mm long, hirsute; smaller leaves stems trailing and hanging obliquely, pro- stipule-like, mostly linear or narrowly ellip- ducing adventitious roots at nodes; leaves tic, 2-12 mm including a short petiole, oc- of a pair strongly unequal; petioles less than casionally up to 1A the size of the other leaf 2 cm long; bases of leaf blades cuneate to and then with full-size petiole and subor- rounded, asymmetric; and styles glabrous. bicular blade, lnflorescences axillary, with In the Guianas, another species, Para- flowers solitary in larger leaf axils; pedicels drymonia ciliosa (Mart.) Wiehler (Fig. 2E- hirsute, 1.7-2 cm long. Calyx reddish, the G), also has leaves of a pair very unequal. lobes free; 4 lobes erect, lanceolate, 12-18 This new species can be easily distin- X 3-5 mm, entire to obscurely 3-5-toothed, guished from P. ciliosa by the following acute to acuminate, narrower at base, hir- characters: leaf blades 3.5-8 X 0.8-2 Cm sute inside and outside; dorsal lobe spread- (vs. 17-40 x 4.5-11 cm); leaf bases cu- ing, 10-15 x 2-3 mm. Corolla oblique, neate to rounded, usually asymmetric (vs. cream colored, yellow in throat; tube short- long-decurrent); corolla tube about 2 cm cylindric, slightly widening from base to long (vs. 3-4 cm); and corolla lateral and throat, ca. 2 cm long, outside hirsute, inside dorsal lobe margins repand (vs. fimbriate). minutely verrucose at throat, spurred at Additional specimens examined: GUYANA. Potaro- base; spur shorter than wide, the ventral Siparuni Region: Mt. Wokomung, 5~ 59~ lobe not seen, the other lobes rounded, 3 • 1070-1160 m, 30 Jun 1989 (fr), Boom & Samuels 4-5 ram, repand at margin; stamens includ- 8990 (NY); Mt. Ayanganna, E face, 712 m, 59~ ed (?), inserted near base of corolla; fila- 5~ 4 Jun 2001 (fl), H. D. Clarke 8950 (US); 810 ments connate at base, glabrous; anthers or- m, 59~ 5~ 9 Jun 2001 (fl), H. D. Clarke 9006 (US); 1120 m, 59~ 5~ 16 Jun 2001 (fl, bicular, each dehiscent by a distal pore (or fr), H. D. Clarke 9202 (US); 1120 m, 59~ 5~ from a weak area?); staminode not seen; 28 Jun 2001 (fl), H. D. Clarke 9618 (US); 1120 m, nectary reduced to a dorsal gland, ca. 1.5 59~ 5~ 28 Jun 2001 (fl), H. D. Clarke 9619 mm long, tongue-shaped, curved around (US). back of base of ovary, entire, glabrous; ova- ry ovoid, 2.5 x 1.5 mm, densely covered Paradrymonia barbata Feuillet & L. E. with long ascending hairs; style 10-12 mm Skog, sp. nov. (Fig. 3) long, drying fiat, glabrous; stigma slightly capitate. Capsule (immature) globose, 5-6 TYPE: GUYANA. Cuyuni-Mazaruni Re- mm diam.; seeds not seen. gion: permanent miner's campsite near Ep- Distribution and ecology.--Paradrymon- ing Riv., E of several diamond pits, 6~ ia anisophylla is known from a few local- 60~ 122 m, 2 Feb 1991 (fl), T. Mc- ities in Guyana, Mt. Wokomung, Merume Dowell & A. Stobey 3810 (HOLOTYPE:BRG; Mountain, and around Mt. Ayanganna be- ISOTYPES: K, US). tween 700 and 1200 m, where it grows as Herba hirsuta, radicibus adventivis scandens; caulis an epiphyte.in trees in wet forest on pla- radicans ad interque nodos; corolla candida, calcarata, teaus or mountain tops. Flowering observed tubo breviter cylindraceo, lobo ventrali longifimbriato, in June and July; fruiting observed in June. fimbriis gracilibus, flexuosis; glans dorsalis, bilobata; Etymology.--The specific epithet, aniso- stamina basi connata, antheris longitrorsum dehiscen- tibus, staminodium filiforme. phylla, is Greek referring to the leaves of a pair markedly unequal in size or shape. Epiphytic herbaceous climber. Stems 20 In Paradrymonia in general, P. aniso- cm or more long, sappy, becoming sarmen- phylla appears most similar to P. campos- tose, radicant or pendent, terete, hirsute, tyla (Leeuwenb.) Wiehler, from Surinam branched, with spreading adventitious roots and French Guiana, and P. barbata sp. nov. produced along a single line at and between (see below), from Guyana. They form a nodes on the side of the stem facing the 2002] FEUILLET & SKOG: NOVAE GESNERIACEAE NEOTROPICARUM XII 357

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substrate. Leaves opposite, short-petiolate, 4-5 • 2-2.5 cm, the apex acute, the base equal in a pair; blade succulent, drying rounded to slightly cordate, the margin cre- chartaceous, lanceolate to rarely oblanceo- nate and ciliate, the adaxial side appressed- late, usually one side broader than the other pubescent to glabrescent with a few short with the midrib straight to slightly curved, rigid hairs mostly on the impressed veins, 358 BRITTONIA [VOL. 54 the abaxial side appressed-pubescent on the ing by roots produced along a unilateral impressed veins, glabrous between the line, at and between nodes (Fig. 3A); leaves veins; petiole 0.5-1 cm long, hirsute. Inflo- of a pair equal; petioles less than 2 cm long; rescence axillary, 1-4-flowered; peduncles bases of leaf blades rounded to slightly cor- lacking or short, 0.1-0.2 cm long; bracts date, symmetric; and styles glabrous. when present linear, 4 • 0.1 mm, hirsute, entire, rounded at apex; pedicels 0.5-1 cm Tribe Napeantheae long, hirsute; calyx lobes free, erect, sube- qual, narrow-lanceolate, 7-10 • 1-2 ram, This tribe has only one genus according with 1-4 obscure teeth, with acute apex, to the latest interpretation by Burtt & Wieh- hirsute outside, strigose inside, the dorsal ler (1995). Species of Napeanthus Gardn. lobe slightly curved around corolla spur. have decussate leaves in loose rosettes, sto- Corolla oblique, cream colored; tube short, mata grouped into islands on the abaxial slightly infundibuliform, 10-13 mm long, side of leaf blades, bracteate inflorescences, with rounded (ca. 2 • 2 mm) spur at base, superior ovaries, lack of nectaries, dry cap- 3 mm wide above base, 5-6 mm wide at sules, and seeds without enlarged funicles. throat, hirsute outside (especially above The genus contains 19 species distributed middle), glabrous inside; limb zygomor- throughout continental tropical America phic, spreading; lobes rounded, glabrous; and in Trinidad, but is not yet known in lateral lobes 2 • 1.5 mm; dorsal lobes 2 • Venezuelan Guayana. 3 mm; ventral lobe 4 • 4 mm, long-fim- briate, the fimbriae narrow-triangular at Napeanthus angustifolius Feuillet & L. E. base, then filiform, flexuous, 3-7 mm long; Skog, sp. nov. (Fig. 4F-G) stamens slightly exserted, inserted near co- rolla base; filaments glabrous, 4 connate at TYPE: FRENCH GUIANA. Mts. de base; anthers coherent (?)in tetrads, orbic- l'Observatoire, sommet Est, 5 2 km de ular, dehiscing by longitudinal slits; stami- Ouanary environ, 130 m, 6 Apr 1984 (fr), node filiform, 3 mm long, without anther; J. J. de Granville 6718 (HOLOTYPE: US; ISO- nectary glabrous, reduced to a bilobed dor- TYPE: CAY). sal gland, ca. 1 • 1 mm; ovary ellipsoid, 3 Herba decumbens, in scopulo verticali crescens; fo- • 2.5 mm, densely covered with long as- lia pendentia, 4-12 plo longiora quam latiora, subses- cending hairs; style 7-9 mm long, glabrous; silia, margine ciliata, in dimidio distali serrata; inflo- stigma capitate. Fruits and seeds not seen. rescentia pendens; bracteae et bracteolae minutae; co- Distribution and ecology.--Paradrymon- rolla candida; stamina 4, staminodium parvum, anthera sterili. ia barbata is known only from the Cuyuni- Mazaruni region of Guyana, in lowland for- Herbs saxicolous, decumbent. Stems 5- est, at low elevation, near diamond pits. It 25 cm long, semiwoody, pendent, terete, is climbing, radicant on tree bark, and said unbranched, light brown, glabrous or with to be epiphytic on small trees. Flowering a few scattered long hairs, the young parts observed in February. usually hidden by the persistent bases of Etymology.--The specific epithet, bar- fallen leaves, anchored to vertical cliffs by bata, is Latin for bearded, referring to the a few strong adventitious roots. Leaves op- fimbriate ventral corolla lobe. posite, crowded in a rosette at stem apex, In Paradrymonia, P. barbara appears variable in size following a gradient from most similar to P. campostyla (Leeuwenb.) longer pendent to shorter erect laminae, Wiehler, from Surinam and French Guiana, subsessile, very brittle when fresh (Gran- and P. anisophylla (described above) from ville 6718); blade thin, linear to narrow-ob- Guyana. Among the Guianan species, P. lanceolate, 4-25 • 0.5-2.5 cm; margin cil- barbata is easily distinguished by a com- iate, serrate to obscurely serrate in distal bination of the following characters: plant half, with tips of teeth hardened (glandu- epiphytic with trailing and pendent stems, lar?); apex acute to acuminate; base linear, that are, as in P. maculata (Hook. f.) Wieh- densely cobwebby at the very base; adaxial ler and Hedera helix L. (Araliaceae), climb- side green, with sparse long hairs; abaxial 2002] FEUILLET & SKOG: NOVAE GESNERIACEAE NEOTROPICARUM XII 359

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FtG. 4. A-E. Napeanthus rupicola. A. Whole plant. B. Detail of leaf margin and indumentum. C. Corolla. D. Corolla opened to show the androecium. E. Calyx. (From Hahn et al. 4326, US.) F-G. Napeanthus angus- tifolius. F. Whole plant. G. Detail of leaf margin and indumentum. (From herb. Maire s.n., R) side pale green or purplish, with sparse many-flowered; peduncles slender, 5-15 cm short hairs mostly appressed; petiole very long, with scattered long hairs to glabres- short or lacking. Inflorescences more or less cent; bracts linear, 4 • 0.2 mm, with long perpendicular to rosette at their bases, then dense hairs to glabrescent on same plant; curving upward, pedunculate, cymose, 2- secondary rachis 4-6 cm long, with scat- 360 BRITTONIA [VOL. 54

tered hairs to glabrescent; bracteoles similar L. C. Richard s.n. (P); Piste de Kaw, 1 km aprbs le to bracts, but about half the size; pedicels pont sur le Mahury, 4~ 52~ 21 Nov 1994, Billiet & Jadin 6378 (BR, K, MO). 1-3 cm, glabrescent. Calyx actinomorphic; lobes free nearly to base, lanceolate, 5-6 • 1 ram, entire, the apices acute, the tips hard- Napeanthus rupicola Feuillet & L. E. ened (glandular?), with short hairs present Skog, sp. nov. (Fig. 4A-E) outside, glabrous inside, with a midrib and a network of veinules. Corolla erect, pre- TYPE: GUYANA. Potaro-Siparuni Re- sumably white; tube 4-5 mm long; lobes gion: upper slopes of Mt. Wokomung, wide-lanceolate; margin entire; apex round 5~ 59~ 1530 m, 13 Jul 1989 (fl, (possibly slightly emarginate); stamens 4, fr), B. M. Boom & G. J. Samuels 9202 (no- attached to base of corolla; filaments short LOTYPE: US; ISOTYPE: NY). and stout, 0.5 mm long, glabrous; anthers Herba decumbens; folia ad apicem caulis rosulata, sagittate, 0.6 • 0.5 mm; staminode small, decurrentia, margine obscure serrata; inflorescentia er- with sterile anther (L. C. Richard, 1781- ecta; bracteae foliaceae; sepala apice glanduiosa; co- 1785, in sched.); nectary lacking; ovary rolla candida, campanulata, ecalcarata, lobis emargin- atis; stamina 4, brevia, staminodium parvum. globose, 2 X 1.2 mm, glabrous; style 3-3.5 mm long, glabrous; stigma navicular, barely Saxicolous herbs. Stems 10-30 cm long, swollen if at all. Capsule pale brown, semiwoody, terete, decumbent, strigose, un- ovoid, apiculate, with persistent style, 2 x branched, with a few long adventitious 1.2 mm, glabrous, dehiscing loculicidally roots. Leaves opposite, crowded at apex of and septicidally into 4 valves, leaving the 2 stem; blade subsessile, thin, oblanceolate, placentae at the ends of a horseshoe-shaped 7-15 X 3-6 cm; apex acute to obtuse; base structure; seeds ellipsoid, 0.3-0.4 • 0.1-0.2 long-decurrent; margin obscurely serrate; mm, dark brown. adaxial side green, with appressed soft Distribution and ecology.--Napeanthus hairs, much denser and matted at vein angustifolius has been collected in French branching; abaxial side paler, with shorter Guiana on cliffs or on sides or roofs of cave and denser pubescence than seen adaxially; entrances of the coastal table-mountains be- petiole very short or lacking. Inflorescences tween the Mahury and rivers. It is erect, pedunculate, cymose, few- to many- the third species known from French Gui- flowered; peduncles 1.5-4 cm long, erect, ana, along with N. jelskii Fritsch and N. ma- densely hirsute to glabrescent; bracts folia- crostoma Leeuwenb. Flowering observed in ceous, 10-30 x 5-10 ram; pedicels 2-5 cm February, fruiting in April. long, hirsute to glabrous. Calyx actinomor- Etymology.--The specific epithet, angus- phic; lobes free nearly to base, lanceolate, tifolius, is Latin referring to the narrow 7-10 x 2-4 mm, the margin entire, the leaves. apex tip hardened (glandular?), hirsute out- In Napeanthus the corollas are loosely at- side, glabrescent inside. Corolla erect, tached and are usually shed when the plant white; tube campanulate, 5-6 mm long, is handled or dried. Leeuwenberg (1958) slightly contracted at throat, with minute noted that some specimens from French pubescence; lobes subequal, oblique and re- Guiana did not belong to N. jelskii, but that curved near middle, the ventral lobe spread- the material known then (included here) ing, obovate, 3-4 x 3 mm, minutely ciliate, was not sufficient for a description. Na- emarginate; stamens 4, included, inserted at peanthus angustifolius flowers resemble base of corolla, free; filaments 1.5 mm those of N. jelskii. Differences between the long, glabrous; anthers ovate, 1.5-1.7 x 1.2 two species are presented in the key below. mm; staminode 0.5-0.8 mm long, without anther; nectary lacking; ovary globose, 4- Additional specimens examined: FRENCH GUI- 5 mm long, glabrous; style 2-3 mm long, ANA. collector unknown s.n. (P); herb. Maire s.n. (P); glabrous; stigma slightly capitate. Capsules 6 Sep 1850, Poiteau s.n. (K, P, U); "" (for French Guiana), collector unknown s.n. (G, U); Roch- ovoid, apiculate, 5-6 X 4 mm, glabrous, the ers des premibres chambres, Cavernes du Ouanary, style persistent; seeds elliptic, 0.3-0.4 X I900 (fl), Geay 936 (P); "territorii Le Prrou,'" Feb (fl), 0.1-0.2 mm, brown. 2002] FEUILLET & SKOG: NOVAE GESNERIACEAE NEOTROPICARUM XII 361

Distribution and ecology.--Napeanthus District, 66~ in Venezuela. This west- rupicola has been collected at 1100-1600 ern Venezuelan species is present in Trini- m in the Potaro-Siparuni and Cuyuni-Ma- dad and Tobago. Napeanthus rupicola re- zaruni Regions of Guyana. The plants were sembles N. subacaulis from Trinidad and growing in a moist habitat, on rocks in Tobago from which it differs as detailed in montane or cloud forests. Flowering and the key (below). fruiting in April, July, and November. Etymology.--The specific epithet, rupi- Additional specimens examined: GUYANA. Potaro- cola, is Latin for living on rocks. Siparuni Region: Mt. Kopinang, 4~ 59~ Previously, only Napeanthus subacaulis 1500-1600 m, 7 Apr 1988 (fl, fr), Hahn, Judziewicz & Gopau14326 (BRG, US); Cuyuni-Mazaruni Region: (Griseb.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Kuntze was Pakaraima Mtn., slopes on NW side of Mt. Ayangan- known to occur between Emma Keten na, 5~ 59~ 1100 m, 7 Nov 1992 (fl, fr), Hen- ridge, 56~ in Surinam, and the Federal kel & Hoffman 169 (BRG, US).

Key to the Napeanthus species from the Guianas and Trinidad

1. Calyx lobes oblong or lanceolate, 4.5-10 X 1.5-4 ram. Corolla lobes clearly emarginate at apex. 2. Sepals 4 • as long as wide. Surinam, French Guiana ...... N. macrostoma 2. Sepals 2-3 X as long as wide. 3. Leaves on adaxial side with appressed soft hairs, much denser and matted at vein branching. Bracts 10-30 • 5-10 mm. Calyx lobes free. Corollas white; lobes minutely ciliate. Central western Guyana at 1100-1600 rn ...... N. rupicola 3. Leaves on adaxial side sparsely strigillose to glabrous. Bracts 3-10 X 0.5-3 ram. Sepals connate at base. Corollas lavender; lobes glabrous. Trinidad, Tobago at 300-700 m ...... N. subacaulis 1. Calyx lobes lanceolate, 3-6 x 1 mm (to 6 X 2 mm in fruit). Corolla lobes rounded or slightly emarginate at apex. French Guiana at 50-500 m. 4. Leaves linear to narrow-oblanceolate, the longer in a rosette 15-25 cm long; apex acute to acuminate; abaxially pale green or purplish. Peduncles 5-15 cm long. Sepals free nearly to base. Capsules 4-valved ...... N. angustifolius 4. Leaves oblong-spathulate, the longer in a rosette 8-14 cm long, the apex obtuse or rounded, abaxially pale green. Peduncles 2.5-6 cm long. Sepals connate to 1/3 of their length. Capsules 2-valved ...... N. jelskii

Acknowledgments Literature Cited

We thank the curators of the herbaria, BR, CAY, K, G, MO, NY, R and U for lend- Burtt, B. L. & H. Wiehler. 1995. Classification of the ing the material in their care. We are grate- family Gesneriaceae. Gesneriana 1: 1-4. Feuillet, C. & L. E. Skog. 2003. Novae Gesneriaceae ful to Cathy Pasquale-Johnson for the fine Neotropicarum XI. New genera and species from artwork and to the Walcott Fund for Botan- the Guianas. Brittonia 54: 344-351. ical Illustration. We want to thank Drs. A. & J. A. Steyermark. 1999. Gesneriaceae. In: Chautems, A. J. M. Leeuwenberg, J. F. J. A. Steyermark, P. E. Berry, K. Yatskievych & B. Smith, and an anonymous reviewer for K. Hoist, editors. Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. helpful suggestions. This paper is published Vol. 5: 542-573. Leeuwenberg, A. J. M. 1958. The Gesneriaceae of as Studies on the Flora of the Guianas No. Guiana. Acta Bot. Neerl. 7: 291-444. 97. This is No. 59 in the Smithsonian's Bi- Skog, L. E, & J. A. Steyermark. 1991. Novae Ges- ological Diversity of the Guianas Program neriaceae Neotropicarum III. New species from Ve- publication series. nezuela. Novon 1: 211-222.