Reflections on Culture of Spatial Planning in

GIZ Roundtable, 9th June, 2016

Prof. Saswat Bandyopadhyay CEPT University Environmental Management Plan For Upper Lake , Bhopal

Flood Model

BUFFER TO LAKE Urban Area - 100 M from FTL Rural Area – 500 M from FTL

BUFFER TO STREAMS River Kolans- 500 M each side Major Steams– 250 M each side Minor Streams – 100 M each side BHOPAL URBAN SPRAWL

1851-1910 1911-1950 1951-1980 1981-2000 2001-2014 A. PROFILE OF CATCHMENT- ADMINISTRATIVE BOUNDARIES

Bhopal Municipal Corporation Boundary Bhopal Planning Area Boundary District Bhopal Boundary District Sehore Boundary Water bodies Our GREEN Real Estate Developers! Regional Environmental Management Plan

Odisha State Pollution Control Board

CEPT University Introduction

Districts 25 kms Keonjhar and Sundargarh

Keonjhar- Rugudi, Barbil, Bolani, Joda, Blocks , Bamebari, , Barbil (9 total) sadar. Bolani Joda Sundargarh- Koida

Rugudi Urban Centre Joda, Barbil, Bolani, Champua, Jajanga, (6 total) Koida Champua Rural Settlements 316 Bamebari Koida Study Area 1432.53 sq.km

Jhumpura Urban- 1,49,518 Population Rural- 2,42,559 Total- 3,92,077 Density 274 persons/sq.km Kendujhar Sadar Source- Census of India, 2011 Forest Resources

Karo RF Thakurani RF

Siddhamata RF Kalika Prasad RF

Uliburu RF Baitarani RF Mendhamaruni RF Baliband RF

.Reserve forest account for 235 sq.km (16%) Forests (as per LULC) .As per LULC the area under forests is Reserve forests Chamakpur RF 686.36 sq.km (48%) Open forests Mineral Resources

. has 33% of the iron ore reserves of India.

.Keonjhar and Sundargarh have 13% and 4.14% of total Indian reserves respectively

.There are 119 mines in the study area Production Iron ore 116.9 MTPA Manganese 2.8 MTPA Bauxite 0.05 MTPA

Fe deposits Mn deposits Laterite Mines Source- Monograph of Iron ore, OSPCB, IBM publications Location of Mines

1 1

17

Bauxite 51 Mg & Bauxite Ore Mg ore Fe ore Fe & Mg Ore

49

Total 119 mines TAMDA CDP and REGIONAL LINKAGES SANANDAUDA Limits AND CHANGODAR CLUSTERS (extended)

Viramgam

Nano Factory

Sanand town

Chharodi Ind Area

Changodar Ind Region SANAND AND CHANGODAR CLUSTERS

Sanand

9 km

3.2 km

7.5 km

Changodar Similar Developments

Palm Islands, Dubai Ijsselmeer Dam, Netherlands

Kalpasar Dam, India Project Land (Ha) Water (Ha) Ijsselmeer 1,62,000 1,50,000 Saemangeum 28,000 11,800 Saemangeum dam, S. Palm Islands 10,800 --- Korea Kalpasar 56,350 (approximately) 2,00,000 50km 100km Kalpasar Development Area . 26% of all surface water resources in the state

. 4% of Gujarat’s geographical area and Population

. 25% of Gujarat’s 1600 km coastline

. Crucial in terms of connectivity between Saurashtra and South East Gujarat

. Part of Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor Zonal Plan for Matheran ESZ

Identified as Eco Sensitive Zone by the MoEF

Zonal Plan to be prepared by the State Government under MRTP

Zonal plan to provide for

.Restoration of denuded areas .Catchment protection .Watershed management .GW management .Integration of community

Special Considerations

.No reduction in tribal areas .Height restrictions .Controlled activities of – Mining, Industrial, tourism etc

MoEF guidelines Culture Of Spatial Planning in India- Summary of Evidences

Gujarat Rajastha Maharastra MP CG Goa Orissa Uttarakha n nd

District Ahmedaba Several Land Use d and Districts Planning Mahesana under DPC Pilots Regional Kuchch Regional State Wide Taluka PKDA, /Sub Dahej- Plans in Regional wise plans Regional Vagra MMR plans TAMDA Plans Jamnagar Industrial Dholera DMIC ?? DMIC Baddi- Regional Dahej Nallagarh Developme DMIC nt Plan Environme Bharuch- Aravalli Matheran Upper Joda- ntal Ankleswar Region ESZ lake Badabil Manageme ESZ Wester Ghat nt Plans/ESZ s River Ka;pasar Haridwar- Valley/Spe Rishikesh cial Area Institutional Ownership

Gujarat Rajastha Maharastra MP CG Goa Orissa Uttarakha n nd

District Revenue DRDA Land Use Departmen Planning t Pilots Regional UD &H MMRDA UD UD/TCPO UD/DTP /Sub Regional Plans Industrial Industries Industries ?? Industri Industries Regional Departmen es Developme t/GIDB nt Plan Environme Polluction MOEF MOEF Upper State ntal Control lake Pollution Manageme Board Control nt Board Plans/ESZ s River Irrigation NMCG/SP Valley/Spe Departmen MG cial Area t Key Take Home Lessons

• Spatial Plans for Urban Planning area s are the most dominant form practices

• Sporadic evidences of Regional Planning in Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Kerala, Chhattisgarh, J&K and others

• Industrial Regional /Corridor Planning through DMIC/DFC/SIR.

• Environmental y Sensitive /Critically Polluted Area Based Initiatives

• Dam/Irrigation Command Area, River Front Development under Clean Ganga

• Spatial Resolutions vary from Taluka to District to Large Delineated Regions

• No Clear Institutional ownership pattern emerges. Mostly , UD/TCPO, Environment and Industries Departments are dominant form Connecting Mosaics In India- Key Questions

1. Spatial Resolutions – Taluka? District? Special Regions? State?

1. Institutional Ownership - Land& Revenue? UD/TCP? Rural ? OR a Neutral entity such as Home or SAD?

2. Prioritization of Areas- Hazard Prone? Natural Resources and Diversity? Higher Anthropogenic Foot prints?

3. Theme – Environment? Natural/Common Property Resources? Hazard oriented? Connectivity and linkages? Economy and Market?

4. Anticipated/ Targeted Users- Demand Side orientation of the SEP

5. Plan Implementation and Monitoring Framework

6. Institutional Capacities of both Demand Side and Supply Side Agencies?

For Demand Side Orientation about India A must read – “We are like that Only “ Least We Forget ! - Zoning Atlas of Sitting Industries (ZASI), MOEF-GIZ- World Bank 1999-2005

• MOEF Response in view of large scale industrial pollution across Indian States • Found Some use in Industrial Sitting and Clearance in Several States. Mostly • First concrete attempt towards Spatial Discontinued Now. Environmental Planning in India • Created High Impact on Urban and Industrial • District Wise Environmental Sensitivity and Area Planning Practioners and professionals Mapping done for nearly 60 priority districts in in India India • Positive, Long lasting Impact on all • Regulatory and Institutionalization aspects Environmental Planning Courses/Curriculums mostly overlooked- Assumption was Demand in India will dictate the supply

• Highly focused on the supply side quality

• Limited Orientation or Understanding of the Supply side ( from Delhi to Rest of India) Connecting Mosaics in India: Supply Side Capacity Issues

• Most National Missions and programems in India often assume only the Demand side lacks capacity and programmes are aligned accordingly

• In reality, both the Demand and Supply agencies require long term, capacity and hand holding support

• India has only 0.38 Qualified Planners per 100000 population , in compare to UK’s 38 and Nigeria’s 3.5 (WCR, 2016). Majority of these planners are oriented towards Urban development issues

• Typical State departments such as Forests, L & R or Rural Departments do not engage with Spatial Planners except for special cases such as PURA/DPCs/ and RURBAN

• Existing Curriculum and Pedagogy in most SPAs in India are Urban Development oriented. Although Regional Planning courses are taught but the coverage and focus have decreased over the time

• Major Modernization will be needed in existing spatial planning curriculums in SPAs and Also “ TOTs” for the teaching staff members Thank You for your attention! Email: [email protected]

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