1,955 CQNGI_lESSJONAL ;RE~O;R.D - HOUSE 8897

Heikki Erkki .Siltanen; to the Committee on P~TITI,ONS, ETC. . 325. By the SPEAKER: Petition of Bertha the 'Judiciary. · · . · Norwash and others, Ladies Auxiliary No. 45~ H. R. 6952. A bill for the relief of Cyprian Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions United Rubber, Cork, Linoleum, and Plastic Benedict Francis; to the · Committee on the and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk Workers of America, Naugatuck, Conn., peti­ Judiciary. · and referred as fallows: tioning consideration of their resolution with By Mr. TEAGUE of Texas: 322. By Mr. THOMSON of Wyoming: Peti· reference 'to requesting that Congress pass H. R. 6953. A bill to authorize Maj.- Gen. tion of Mrs. Lucille Bales and 42 others, to get legislation to increase the minimum wage K. L. Berry, The Adjutant General of Texas, alcoholic beverage advertising off the air .and to $1.25 per hour, etc.; to the Committee on to accept the Philippine Legion of Honor out of the channels of interstate commerce; Education and Labor. and supporting documents conferred upori to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign 326. Also, petition of the deputy clerk of him by the Government of the Philippines; Commerce. the board, Board of Supervisors, Buffalo, to the Committee on Armed Services. 323. Also, petition of Rev. W. E. Hoff, N. Y., petitioning consideration of their reso­ H. R. 69.54. A bill to authorize Lt. Col. Lee Church of Christ, Newcastle, Wyo., and 13 lution with reference to requesting that the E. James, United States Army, to accept the others, to get alcoholic beverage advertising board of supervisors be recorded in favor of Greek War Cross, Class III, and supporting off the air and out of the channels of inter­ legislation for the purpose of reducing from documents conferred upon him by the Gov­ state commerce; to the Committee on Inter­ 65 to 60 .years of age at which women may ernment of Greece; to the committee on state and Foreign Commerce. qualify for old-age and survivors' insurance Armed Services. 324. Also, petition of Mrs. G. K. Halley and benefits and likewise reducing from 65 to 62 By Mr. WALTER: 385 others, to get alcoholic beverage adver­ years of age at which men may qualify for H. R. 6955. A bill for the relief of Chaim tising off the air and out of the channels of such old-age and survivors' insurance bene­ Grade and Inna Hekker Grade; to the Com­ interstate commerce; to the Committee on fits under the Social Security Act; to the mittee on the Judiciary. Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Committee on Ways and Means.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

Housing in Many Lands France. It was an enlightening and stimu­ home. It impels him to stand with you lating inspection. today against the threats and enticements But I do not put myself forward as an of modern despotism. EXTENSION OF REMARKS expert in your housing and real-estate af­ It has been said that wa,r begins in the OF fairs. I will not presume to tell you what minds of men. And it is also true that de­ measures you should undertake to serve your votion to peace and liberty begins in the HON. HOMERE. CAPEHART own needs. Instead, I will talk to you about homes of men. A man who has a home of some of our problems and efforts in the his own, also has a family, a community, and OF INDIANA United States, a field in which I can speak a nation that are his own. He has a real IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES with some authority, in the hope that our stake in a stable, peaceful world, in which Tuesday, June 21, 1955 experience will be of some value to you. he can work out his life's pattern to its Much of what we .have done. and are do­ .fullest. . _ Mr. CAPEHART. Mr. President, I ask ing in the United States has its origins in The freedom of a people is only the multi:. unanimous consent to have• printed in our European heritage, both in tools and plied product of the free citizen in a free ideas. Our country was settled and devel­ home. Where the door of that home may the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD an address oped with axes and plows brought over froin be smashed in at will by the gun butt of the delivered by Mr. Albert M. Cole, Admin­ Europe, and refashioned to serve the require­ police state and the family dragged off to istrator of the United States Housing ments of the New World. And our traditions an untold fate, freedom has been submerged. and Home Finance ·Agency, before the of freedom stemmed from the roots ini­ 13ut freedom is not just something to International Real Estate· Federation in planted by freedom-loving peoples in this have-it is something to use. And the home, Geneva, Switzerland, on June 16, 1955. part of the world. in our beliefs, means more than security­ There being no objection, the address In return for what we borrowed from you, more than a place of refuge or a place to perhaps there are now some things in our hide. The home is also a place to live and was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, own experience that you may find suited to grow and to develop the strength and tal­ as follows: your modern needs and helpful in your own ents of the people. It is the essential basic ADDRESS BY ALBERT M. COLE, ADMINISTRATOR, economies. You, of course, will be the best piece out of which the mosaic of national UNITED STATES HOUSING AND HOME FINANCE judge of that. character, culture, and progress is made. AGENCY, TO THE INTERNATIONAL REAL ES­ Housing is an intensively individual com­ We forbid the Government to tre!'lpass TATE FEDERATioN, GENEVA, SWITZERLAND, modity that varies within even a narrow on our homes and private lives. But we JUNE 16, 1955. geographic range; and much more so on a expect the Government to be concerned I am happy to have this opportunity of world basis. But its individuality of form about our opportunities to have homes, bet­ speaking to this international gathering is in itself an expression of its similarity of ter homes, and to enable us to share in the concerned with the provision of more and purpose in all lands where freedom is prized, Nation's rising standard of living. Within better housing for many people in many wherever the family and the individual are its clearly defined sphere of authority and lands. the all-important end to be served. responsibility, we believe the Government Here housing takes on a new dimension­ In a free world the home is the heart of can and should strengthen and support the a world dimension. Each of us, with our freedom. Deeply rooted in our beliefs and opportunities of all people to better their interest and attention largely fixed on our written unmistakably into the Bill of Rights housing; to improve their living conditions, national problems at home, can take a new of our American Constitution is the concept, within the framework of free communities perspective in our work. ·We are reminded which had its origins in Europe, that a man's and free enterprise. of the common purposes we seek to serve and home must be inviolate. No arm of govern­ This is the philosophy of housing and the mutual advantage we can take by greater ment, no power of police may reach into a community growth that we have established cooperation and understanding in the inter­ man's home against his will, except by due in the United States. It has been firmly national field. process of law established and sanctioned secured and implemented under the new We have tried to promote such a coopera­ by the people themselves. and reorganized housing policies and pro­ tive interchange between the United States Today we value this individual right more grams put into effect, with the approval of and other countries through the Interna­ than ever, as we see the tyrannies of our the Congress, by President Eisenhower. tional Activities Staff of the Housing and present era turn free homes into cell-blocks Let me tell you about some of the prin­ Home Finance Agency, which I head. We of the state and the citizens into its pris­ cipal responsibilities that our Government have sought to develop a free trade of knowl­ oners. We do not want to have loose in this has in housing and related fields, and their edge and techniques-a two-way exchange modern world the surly power that strikes relationship to the people and to private of housing experience as much for our bene­ terror into the hearts of the people with a enterprise. fit as for that of other lands. knock on the door in the dark of night. Housing in the United States has tradi­ · I have also had some personal introduc­ This is a peril that we understand. When tionally been, and still remains, the func­ tion to the housing economies of Europe. A the free home is invaded by the steel voice tion of the private-enterprise system. This few years ago, when I was in the United and the iron boot in any free land, we un­ is the system that we believe in because it States Congress, I was a member of a special derstand that our own thresholds are en~ serves us best and is consistent with our <:ommittee that spent several weeks observ­ dangered and our own freedom is at stake. belief that Government must be the servant ing housing activities and programs in This, more than anything in the American and the aide of the people-not their mas­ Great Britain, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, the citizen's heart, has sent him to join you in ter, nor even the· benefactor to whom they Netherlands, Belg.tum, Switzerland, and your battles for the freedom of person and mus,t look for the blessings of life. 8898 CONG~SSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 21 For the past quarter of a century, how­ the financing of homes, and the encourage .. ttzed mortgages which·are paid off, both as to ever, Government responsibility for the peo­ ment of savings and thrift. principal and interest, through moderate ple's housing welfare has been rec9gnized The individual investments can be and monthly payments. The FHA type of mort­ and accepted in various forms. Only in such 1n most cases are small, even $100 or less, gage has proved so successful that it is now an emergency as the war, however, has Gov­ and the average individual account is less the standard for mortgages made for .an ernment been granted the temporary power than $2,000. types of home loans in the United States. to control and direct the housing economy. Today, however, these institutions cur­ The general adoption of this type of And that power-was quickly terminated when rently .finance about 40 percent of new home financing has greatly stimulated home build­ the war ended. construction and existing home purchase. . ing and resulted in a rapid rise in home Many things have been tried, some dis­ .Total in:vestments are well over the $20 bil­ ownership in the country. Home owner­ carded, some retained, most of. them modi­ lion figure, and the number of individual ship has now reached 56 percent of all fied or revised. They have been shaped into investment accounts more than 8 million. housing compared to about 40 percent 15 what today is a basically consistent and Here is what the Government, through the years ago. The housing market demand has well-defined set of limited aids, geared to Home Loan Bank System, has done to make been greatly- enlarged to embrace the great private effort and local citizen decision. this source of mortgage capital secure and mass of American families, and the housing In its supplementary role, the Govern­ .attractive both to the small investor and industry ha::; become a large, well organized ment, with a few minor and special excep­ the average homebuyer. part of-our economy. The handicraft meth­ tions, does not build homes, does not make Funds are made available through a re­ ods of construction have been superseded loans, and does not give subsidies to indi­ serve credit pool, independent of the com­ by large-scale, mass operation in our urban viduals to buy homes. Indirectly, however, mercial bank system, and extended through centers. through established private market channels, .a system of 11 regional home loan banks un­ · Today the dominant force in mass build­ it helps to make adequate home financing der the supervision .of the Home Loan Bank ing is the operative builder, who builds available on terms that most people can Board. They are advanced to members on homes in large numbers, developing large ·afford. It also extends certain loans and terms up to lo-years. This provides a steady tracts-sometimes entire communities­ subsidies to local governments for special flow of capital and credit in line with mort­ with the assurance that financing will be needs, such as the clearance of sl urns and gage market needs, and protection against available for the homebuyer to buy his prevention of blight, and for the improve­ sudden area or local contractions in eco­ home and that this will be a profitable ven­ ment of housing for low-income families. nomic and financing conditions. ture. Builders producing more than 100 In the limits of this tallt, I cannot discuss In addition, through the Federal Savings homes a year accounted for more than one­ all of our Government housing activities. I and Loan Insurance Corporation, also oper­ third of the new homes built in 1949. This will, therefore, center on certain ones that ating under the Board, individual investors compares ·.vith only 11 percent for the same I believe will be of most interest to you and in these institutions are insured against loss group 10 years earlier. of greatest value in terms of your own prob­ ·up to $10,000. The FHA has been an important -influ­ lems and responsibilities. Although the initial capital for the system ence in this growth, both directly and indi­ Let me first make clear, however, that was provided by the Government, this has rectly. Since it started in· 1934, the FHA while many of our Government programs de­ now been largely paid off and replaced by has insured mortgages covering nearly 4 veloped separately over the years, they are capital from the participating institutions. million sale and rental units, totaling nearly today linked and coordinated in their ad­ 'I'he Government continues, however, to sup­ $23 billion. Losses have been negligible and ·ministration and use, with common objec­ port the system by agreement to advance repayments far in advance of schedule. tives. Nearly all of the major housing and funds ·if necessary should conditions make About $13 billion of the mortgages insured related activities-except the GI home loan this necessary. are currently outstanding. program under the Veterans' Administra­ No Government funds, however, are di­ The veterans home-loan program, estab­ tion-are embraced in the framework of the rectly involved in the operations; the system lished in 1944, is basically similar ·to the Housing and Home Finance Agency. As Ad­ is self-supporting. · FHA program. In this case, however, the ·ministrator of t:his Agency, it is my primary Today the.re are 4,200 member institutions Government directly guarantees private task under the direction of the President, under the Home Loan Bank System. Their "loans. It also pays administrative costs and ·to coordinate and supervise the Agency's 'mortgage investments until a year ago were losses, which thus far have been minor. The various programs. limited to a maximum of $20,000, but to re­ terms are in some respects more liberal. The Federal Government first entered the n short-term, high-risk loans. The aver­ uals. The initial need, which became an urgent age mortgage in earlier days was for a short To assure a steady ·1ong-term market for one after the mortgage market was demor­ term, was not amortized, and carried a rela• FHA and V.\ home loans, the Federal Na­ ilized following the 1929 depression, was for tively high interest rate. When money be­ tional Mortgage Association operates as an­ a stable, assured source of home mortgage came tight, forced foreclosures resulted in other agency within the Housing and Home financing. As a result, the Home Loan Bank heavy losses both to borrowers and lenders. Finance Agency. The FNMA buys and sells System was created in 1932. It was designed To make mortgage lending for the average such mortgages, according to the capacity to stabilize and encourage the growth of family sound and available and to improve of the private investment market to absorb mutual savings and building groups which -housing standards and stimulate building, them. Last year Congress reorganized this had existed, but often failed, for a century. the Federal Housing Administration was es­ operation, to make private capital its nor­ These savings and loan associations, as tablished in 1934. This program provides mal source of funds. However, Government we call them, are local institutions. They Government insurance, under a mutual sys­ support is permitted for special needs where derive their funds not in competition with tem, for private home loans. These include private financing is not adequate. other needs from the great centers of invest­ loans both for new and existing homes, as We have achieved, I believe, what for our ment capital, but from the great mass of well as for rental and cooperative housing, economy is a basically sound and success­ unassembled savings of the local citizens. . and also short-term loans for the repair and ful approach tp the production and mar­ They invest these savings in residential mort­ modernization of homes. keting of homes in the United States for gages for the housing needs of the average · This, too, is a. self-supporting system, fi­ the benefit of the great mass of our people. citizen in the locality. · nanced through premiums, but with Govern­ Since 1949 we have been building new homes This assembling of relatively small invest­ ment credit behind it. Requiring a rela- · in our nonfarm areas at the rate of more ments from the local people has been emi­ tively small down payment, it underwrites than a · million up.its a year, with as many nently successful. It may suggest a source private mortgages for terms up to 30 years as 1,300,000 possible this year. I believe we of mortgage capital to other countries for at moderate interest rates. These are amoi:- will continue to· produce homes-good 1955 . CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD--HOUSE 8899

oomes~at approximately this"rate, and ev.en . insurance o~ private · J.toaru;.. is p:rl!l:vlded for . the free home, is th.e nucletts-of a. free coun­ higher;.for many years to come. financing the redevelopment and rehabili­ try and a free people. He wm defend his We haven't licked all our ·problems, how- tation of these renewal areas by private en­ home against th.e · despoilers of freedom · ever. We still have not found a satisfactory terprise. Special insurance is· also extended abroad in the. world today, and he -is now . solution to our lowest-income housing needs. to underwrite low-cost new or rehabilitated: eq:uaily determined tco protect the home and We ha-· P. extended sl!lbsidies to local com­ private housing for the rehousing needs ()f his way of life against the corrosive effect of munities to ·provide _al<>out 450,000 units of lower-in.come families. .displac.ed b,y these neglect and inaction. locally owned housing for ~his purpose to and related activities. Public housing sul;>­ In the end, all our housing, all our com­ date. We are cgntinuing to do this on a sidies also are still available, ·on a limited munity improvement efforts have one. end restricted basis, not only· because of the basis, for rehousing low-income families who, purpose in mind--not the. ho.use, not the low-income problem but because of larger, as yet, cannot otherwise be adequately cared city, but rather the family and the citizen community problems that are tied into it. for. and their way of life. We are developing, however, other means · Nearly 300 communities; from small towns. · It has been a. distinct prhilege for me to for meeting .these needs through .private of a few thousand to great cities like New give you this very condensed, but, I hope effort. We hope that this will enable us York and Chicago, are.activeLy participating useful review of some of our major efforts to eventually remove Government substan- . under this and preceding programs. About and problems in the hou~ing and com-· tially from the field of housing subsidy. 7,000 acres of urban blight and slums, in­ munity field irt the United-States. l hope it · All of our efforts, however, are not con­ volving nearly I00,000 dwelling units, are or will serve as a small, part payment of a long­ cerned with the individual home and home­ soon will be under actual clearance. standing obligation we owe to the ideas and o.wner. We also have some very pressing But this, large as it is, is. only the begin­ ideals that have come to us from your lands problems involving the community of ning, only a small part of all that has to be and have become a part of our free way of homes-the towns and the metropolitan done. The greater effort, the community­ life in America• . cities which are the nerve centers of our wide attack, .under the full program has only modern economy and which create the en­ just started. vironment in which most of our people must. I want particularly to say that in this live. communitywide and nationwide movement The United States has long been a. coun­ to redeem and restore our urban areas, the In Support of Amendments to the Rail· try in a hurry. You more patient people real estate - profession-the realtor as we road Retirement Act of 1937 in Europe have often told us that. Like know him-has been, for years, in the fore­ the white rabbit in_ Alice in Wonderland, front of our leadership. Many of the most we've been rushing along fearing that we active community programs now underway EXTENSION OF REMARKS were already late for the party, and having have been spearheaded by the·realtor group. OF neither time nor patience to listen and to In. much of this housing and community look behind or about us. progress in our country, the rear estate pro­ HON. JAMES ROOSEVELT . In recent· years, . however, we've been fession has been a powerful generating force. OF CALIFORNIA forced to stop and look around. We've been. lt has not only carried through on the pro­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES stopped by the very congestion that our grams that have been put into effect, but in rapid progress has piled up in the heart of many cases has led the way and generated Tuesdau, June 21, 1955 our cities. We've been hindered by the fi­ the strength that brought these efforts into nancial dilemmas that have been saddle.d existence. Mr. ROOSEVELT. Mr. Speaker, un­ on our fast-growing but fast-deteriorating The realtor in our cpuntry stands at a der leave to extend my remarks in the communities, and by the double. burden of strategic focal point in our housing econ­ RECORD, I include a statement which I providing homes for our growing population omy-the point at which the lender, the made before the Subcommittee on ' and .of correcting the blighted housing of seller, the buyer, and also the local official Transportation and Communications of much ot our .existing supply. . are brought together and their respective the House. Committee on Interstate and These are problems not unlike those in interests combined into an accomplished Foreign Commerce, on June 17, 1955: ·many of your European centers.. In. the re£ult. Without his· skills and knowledge, 'United States the.y hl!-ve grown too large, the housing economy we have sought to Mr. Chairman and members of the sub­ under our system, for local and private re­ shape would be likely a :finely designed train committee, I wish to thank the members of sources alone to deal with., We have con­ with no track to run upon. this committee for granting me the privi­ cluded that Federal help is appropriate and our thinking has also broadened to lege to appear before you in support of H. R. 4744, a bil:l in· which I am very interested, as necessary to supplement these resoutces; to ~ecognize that housing is more than in­ correct our urban deficiencies and to assure dividual shelters-it is a whole community, I have introduced H. R. 5039, an identical bill. a soundly planned community. The urban. As a freshman Member of Congress, I am. the health and solve.ncy of o.ur modern. eager to do all that I can to assist any group economy. planner was, not too long ago, regarded with s.omething like· suspicion as a man who want­ of retired workers. Aft.er some earlier partial starts ·to meet I represent a district where many railroad this need, we developed last year, . at the. ed to keep us from doing what we wanted to. do. Today, however, he is a sought-after people live, and before being elected to Con­ urging of the President; a full-scale. program gress, as well as since then, I have had many of cooperative Federal help with local com­ specialist, as our urban communities fran­ tically ask him to come in and disentangle opportunities to become acquainted with munities and private enterprises. Our aim them and to learn their problems. is not only to clear ari.d redevelop the run­ them from the unplanned results of some of our past Epeedy growth. It is a pleasure for me to recommend that. down, slum sections · of· our cities, but also you give favorable consideration to H. R. 4744. to restore declining areas and prevent and I do not mean to give you the idea that, we have somehow waved a wand over the This bill will eliminate the inequitable dual seal off the future spread of blight. benefits prohibition as it applies _to widows. It is one of the most imaginative and dy­ United States and made all our problems dis­ appear. Come visit us, and while you will I understand the last session of Congress namic national efforts we have ever under­ see a great deal that is modern and well eliminated this prohibition as it applied to taken. And it has called forth an enthusias­ planned, you will not, be able to miss some the pensfoners themselves. I feel this recti­ tic and active response from American com­ of the problems and deficiencies I have fication is overdue and that the plight of munities and American industry. talked about. But what you will find, in. widows affected by this provision ean be al­ The program itself, which we now can a nearly all ·our communities, is that some­ leviated by the passage of this bill. program for urban renewal, begins and re­ thing is being done about them-active, This bill would also assure spouses receiv­ mains with the local community and private positive undertakings are being developed to ing annuities under the Railroad Retirement ~nterprise. They initiate the plans, under­ correct these conditions and solve these prob· Act a benefit that would be no ress than the take complete analysis and proposed treat­ lems in the foreseeable. future. maximum benefit payable under the· Social ments of their problems. These may require There are many reasons why the people of. Security Act. The maiximum benefit under either full-scale clearance and redevelop­ the United States are. concerned, and have social security has increased from time t<> ment of parts of the city, a rehabilitation undertaken comprehensive action in. the time, and this provision would allow spouses or preventive measures in less seriously af­ housing and community field. Housing is a. under the railroad retirement system to re~ fected areas, or a combination of both. very vital p.art of our whole economy, and cei:v.e similar increases in the case of maxi­ The Federal Government, at ·the com­ i:epresents one pf the major fields of economic mum annuities. munity's request, then is authorized to make activity, employment, and income to our I am also pleased to note that this legisla­ loans and. grants to local agencies for the people. It is also an essential determining tion under sections 5 and 6 calls for the pro­ clearing and replanning. ~peeial assistance factor In our social structure; if neglected~ tection of employees of the Railroad Retire­ ls also provided for overall and specific plan­ it aggravates our problems of crime,- de­ ment Board who fall under civit service. I. ning, both in metropolitan areas and in linquency, sanitation, and health. recall the attempted transfer last year of a, smaller towns. · But these considerations alone would not number of positions on the Board to schedule The reconstruction or rehabilitation of account for ~he widespread popular _con­ C, making these positioms subj,ect to. politi­ these areas, however, is undertaken by pri­ cern and support that the measures now cal whims, instead of retaining them in the vate ·enterprise, or by local bodies, depending underway have won among the American respected caliber where they justly belong.. on the type of redevelopment.· Through people. More fUndamental is the American To prevent the strictly politically minded' the Federal Housing Ad'ministra~ion, spe9'ial , citizen's deep-seated belief that the home, from a~tempting a similar raid in the future. 8900 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 21 I feel it ls proper to include them under the eral Chestnut, our kinsman's husband; that though abused and maligned, cast into _ protection _of law. lost both eyes in one of the hundreds of prison and crucified with indignities, he ac­ I have been deluged with letters from re­ cepted his fate unflinchingly and bore his battles that were fought during these sufferings with tlie fortitude of the soldier tired railroad constituents pleading for some long, terrible 4 years. increase in annuities. I, of course, favor as and Christian that he was. He had fought much relief for them as possible within the Mr. Speaker, under unanimous con­ the fight and lost. Defeated, he would. limitations of the railroad retirement fund. sent to revise and extend my remarks, I abide by the decision as did · Lee; Beaure­ I wish to state at this point that I will be include herein a part of my speech made gard, Hampton, and that amazing galaxy of happy to support any future legislation of in Statuary Hall on June 3, 1955, and the Confederate chieftains who followed -the this kind that is actuarially sound. But for invocation and benediction by Rev. Southern. Cross through the smoke and the moment, I · understand H. R. 4744 is Vladimir E. Hartman: thunder of a thousand battles. the extent to which changes in the act are Never once in the years after the fall of desired. I am pi.eased to lend my support PRAYERS GIVEN AT THE 147TH BIRTHDAY ANNI• the Confederacy did Jefferson Davis retreat to this beneficial legislation, and urge mem­ VERSARY OF JEFFERSON DAVIS, STATUARY HALL, from his fundamental belief in the basic bers of the committee to approve it without UNITED STATES CAPITOL, JUNE 3, 1955 right of secession. Nor would he accept a delay. INVOCATION pardon from President Johnson for some­ Thank you for the opportunity to appear "Let us now praise fStonewall Jackson's statue should be our Nation's history. Around this soldierly, There spoke in eloquent words, Jefferson right there side by side with these other graceful man from Mississippi swirled great, Davis, the American, the southerner, the impelling drama. Under his leadership the patriot though "a man without a country" as great American heroes, but, of course, South waged a 4-year struggle for inde­ there is not room in this great Statuary pendence that will eternally be part of the he called himself, as he summoned the young Hall for all of our great heroes who have magnificent heritage of every man and generation of the Sou~h to pledge themselves gone to their rewards. The only place I woman born under southern skies. anew on the altar of American freedom. know that could hold them all is heaven Today Jefferson Davis is the symbol of a I stand here today to offer no apology for Jefferson Davis. He needs none. Honest itself, and, of course, that is where we valorous, fiery past, of broken hopes and shat­ tered dreams, of a would-be republic whose posterity has made up the record of his fame _will all meet them sooner or later. There that grows as the years roll by. I am here on is so much one could say that will never Stars and Bars once floated from the Potomac to the Rio Grande. The cause tq which he his natal day to pay tribute to the great man be said about Jeff Davis, because you and 15 million people dedicated their hearts that he was. He had faults, made mistakes. could be talking about this marvelous and souls was a failure, though it perished Greatest of them was his unquenchable love man and his life and character as long in such a sea of glory that its memory will of the South and his unshakable belief in her as you live, but even in that length of evoke the world's admiration to the end of invincibility and her destiny as a free and in­ time you could never properly present it. time. dependent nation. I do remember so vividly when I was Jefferson Davis was statesman, soldier, For a decade on the floor of the Senate, a small boy that my father had our political leader, planter and, above and in barely a stone's throw from his statue here in this hall, he fought the battles of the family of 7 boys and 3 girls, along with all things, a gentleman. His enemies have charged him with treason. If Jefferson Davis South against all comers with fire, logic, and my precious, marvelous mother, on the was guilty of treason, this same guilt must eloquence. Few Americans realize that the steps of the capitol at Montgomery, rest on peerless Robert E. Lee, dauntless war between the States began here on Capitol Ala., where there is a marker showing the Stonewall Jackson and hosts of immortal Hill long before the first Confederate shell spot where Jeff Davis was sworn in as leaders who wore the gray of the Confederacy. broke blood red over Fort Sumter in 1861. President of the Confederacy. Then, Even the Father of his Country was charged To Jefferson Davis, the dying John c. Cal­ just across the street there is the Con­ with treason because he led a ragged, starv­ houn tossed his political mantle when that federate White House-such a beautiful ing army of Americans fighting for freedom. great champi~n of southern rights ceaseci building that my kinsman, Mary Boykin Blame Jefferson Davis as they will .t:Pey from wrangling to don the robe of im­ can never take from him the glory that he mortality. There on the Senate floor, amid Chestnut, helped design. Her husband, was an American citizen, who shed his. blood thunderous debates, stood Jefferson Davis, like Jeff Davis, was a United States Sen­ for his country and who captained his peo- · unmoved, courageous, erect, beating back ator, and like Jeff Davis, resigned from ple in a revolution founded on principles every attack on the South, parrying every the United States Senate to go and fight the South had held sacred· and inviolate thrust of her enemies. Yet even in the heat for the· "lost cause." Senator, or Gen- for almost a century. Nor can they deny and-fire.of debate there was in his voice.and. 1955 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--=- HOUSE 8901 manner · such charm that even his "bitterest de8erts_where so much o! the country•s·sma.n After pleasant months- Spen:t; in England opponents found it hard to resist them. Army was stationed. In 1857 he w~ again and in Paris, he re.tmned home somewhat But the gods had willed that the issues and elected to the United States. Senate, serving improved in physical ·c.ondi tian.. 'l"bxough all. political strife between the North and the until January 21, 1861, when he resigned ta these vic18.situdes his courage continued South must come to the final arbitrament of. become President of the Southern Confed­ dauntless and unbroken.. BoUDtiful gifts o! the sword; Forty years of' debate and vi:olent. eracy. On February 18, 1'861, at Montgomery., houses and lands and money might hav.a clamor had done their best--and their worst .. Ala., he was inaugurated for a 6-year term. been his for the acceptance, but his pride. was The year 1861 found Jefferson Davis still It was here at Montgomery that the eloquent as fine edged as his courage After the death standing in the breach beside his desk in the. William Lowndes Yancy, In introducing Jef­ of his son in I874, the people of Texas in­ Senate. · ferson Davis to the enthusiastic throngs, vited him to visit that State, and' be was met Now another scene rises before me: a cold proclaimed, "The hour and the man have. with welcoming acclaim and was offered a January day, 1861, and the Senate galleries met." tract of land and ·Stock enough to furnis~ it, were crowded as never before. Hundreds Jefferson Davis' courage never faltered· but again he declined the . gift. Under the· were thronging these corridors to hear Sen­ through all the varying fortunes of the Con­ General Amnesty .bill passed in May 1872, it ator Jefierson Davis of Mississippi say fare­ federacy. When Richmond, second capital was necessary that. application should be well to the Senate where he had served so bf the Confederacy, fell before Grant's, ham­ made for the removal of prescribed disabili-- long. Fine drama it was and he the chief mer blows, Davis sped south to rally the ties to become a beneficiary of this bill's pro­ actor in this, perhaps, the saddest scene ever broken remnants of the collapsed republic. visions. Davis, while accepting in good faith· witnessed on Capitol Hill. Amid tense He was captured by Federal troops in Geor­ the results of the war, declined to, ask pardon silence while hundreds literally held their gia, May 10, 1865. Imprisoned at Fortress for an offense of which he denied that he breath Senator Jefierson Davis rose and in Monroe, he was shackled and kept for a long. was guilty. To quote Davis from the con­ calm, grief-stricken words ofiered his historic while in a casemate room with a searchlight cluding chapter of his "Short History of the valedictory to a spellbound audience. There on him that was never dimmed. Charged Confederate States," which was published in was na bravado, no threats of fire and sword with treason by a Federal indictment he waS'· the year following that of his death: in his words, only the hope of peace before never tried, though he asked many times tO' "In asserting the right of secession it has the issues were handed over to the God of be given his day in court. On May 13, 1.867,: not been my wish to incite to its exercise. battles. Tears. ran down the cheeks of men after nearly 2 years of inhuman treatment,. I recognize the fact that the war showed it and women as Jefferson Davis closed his lie was neleased. His $100,000 bond was to be impracticable, but this· did not prove eloquent goodby, bowed to his. august asso­ sign~d mostly by northern citizens. who ad­ it to be wr0ng; and now that it may not be ciates and ·walked slowly out of the· Senate mired his fortitude and who felt he had agail'l attempted and that the Union may Chamber forever. · been treated shabbily. Among these signers promote the general welfare, it is needful That same night his wife heard him were Horace Greeley, powerful editor of. the that the truth, the whole truth, should 1:>e wrestling in prayer. To his Maker he said; New York Tribune, and arch-abolitionist k!lown so that crimination and recrimina­ "May God have us in his holy keeping, and Gerrit Smith. tion may forever cease; and then on the grant that before it is too late peaceful Leaving prison Davis went to Canada but basis of fraternity and faithful regard for the counsels will prevail." The next day he found the climate too rigorous !or his con~ rights of the States there may be written on· hurried south to lead his people on their m­ s.titution weakened by incarceration. Re­ the Arch of the Union, Esto perpetua---may fated fifght toward independence. turning south he was received with wv.rmth it be eternal." Now let me quickly highlight this man's and affection by his own people. Going to. The last of his larger plans in life, the career. He was born in a log cabin in what New Orleans he found his property gone, his. development of a trade between South Amer­ is now Todd County, Ky., June 3, 1808-and friends Impoverished, and his plantations up ica and the United States, through the or­ how strange it is that, within the same 12~ the Mississippi µevastated by Federal occu­ ganization of an international enterprise month, in another log cabin nearby, was born pation armies. which might build up New Orleans and the another baby whose name was Abraham A severe accident sent him to Europe, again c!.ties of the lower South caused him to Lincoln. When he was 5 years old his seeking health. In England he was lionized. visit England, but this scheme came to parents migrated to Mississippi. At 14, Jef­ Under the kindly influence of new surround­ naught, and he began to look about him for ferson Davis entered Transylvania Univer­ ings and cheerful company his health im­ some quiet, though humble place where he sity, at Lexington, Ky. He was 16 when he proved. In Paris Napoleon III and the Em­ might end his days in the peace and seclu­ entered West Point where he graduated in press Eugenie invited him to court ~ ?mt Davis. sion which had been denied' him since his 18~8. 1 year ahead of another young soldier, declined. A visit to Scotland brought partial earliest years at Brierfield. He selected the Robert Edward Lee, of Virginia. At hell.rt, restoration of his health, but he was never lovely spot along the Mississippi coast, over­ Jefierson Davis was a soldier. It was bred again to enjoy robust health, never again to looking the beautiful waters of the Gulf of in his bone. After serving in the Black Hawk be a strong man. Mexico, halfway between New Orleans and war he resigned from the army in 18.35. He In the autumn of 1869, he was offered the Mobile, known as Beauvoir. In April 1878, had already met and married and lost his presidency of a life insurance company at Mrs. Davis, who had accompanied him to first love, Sarah Taylor Davis, daughter of Memphis, which he was compelled to accept Europe on his last visit abroad, joined him Gen. Zachary Taylor, of Mexican War fame. to earn a livelihood for himself and family. at Beauvoir and with her assistance and that In 1845 Davis married glamorous Varina Leaving . his family in London, he went to of Mrs. Dorsey, whose residence he was occu­ Howell, the rose of Mississippi,. who was to Memphis where he remained for some months pying, and the literary aid of his friend, him for the rest of his life, sweetheart, and then returned to London to bring his Major Walthall, and of Judge Tenney, whom stanch CE:>mpanion in triumph and disaster, family back to America. his publishers sent down to assist him, he his very lodestar. To his home on the Mis­ On his arrival in Memphis, the citizens eom~leted his history of the Confederacy at' sissippi, Brier:field, he brought Varina to there ofiered him for a gift a handsome resi­ the end of 3 years. During this time, he lost share with him his love of camellias and dence, as an expression of their good will, his sole surviving son, Jefferson, who died roses, which became the very symbols of but he preferred to be the recipient of no at Memphis of yellow fever, and later Mrs. tl::.eir affection. donations, and gratefully declined to accept Dorsey died of the same malady. She had With the outbreak of the Mexican -War, it. He applied himself diligently, though asked Davis sometime before her death to Jefferson Davis resigned from the House of probably unsuccessfully, to learning the sci­ agree to act as her executor. He finally con­ Reptesentatives to which he had been elected ence and technicalities of the life-insurance gented.. After her death the will disclosed in 1844, and sailed for Mexico as. colonel of business. But, his training and experience that s.he had devised Beauvoir to him dur­ the first regiment of Mississippi Rifles. At had not been along such lines. and he later ing his life with reversion to his youngest Buena Vista, with the issue of the battle in discovered that his company was not or: daughter, Winnie, who was then a minor. doubt, Colonel Je1ferson Davis and Missis­ ganized and condUcted' on a safe basis. The .Afte.r the book's completion, he and Mrs·. sippi regiment covered themselves with glory ultimate failure of the company, which was Davis went again to Europe and remained in in a charge that s.av.ed the day. At the mo­ probably hastened by a yellow fever risk in Paris 3 months, after which he returned to ment of victory Davis was badly wounded, the South, caused Davis to lose the small again take up- his life at Beauvoir. The pub­ crippling him for months. Offered a remainder of his meager fortune, and his lication of his history of the Confederacy: brigadier-generalcy he declined it only to troubles multiplied. The death of his broth­ developed a renewed confidence in him on be appointed to the United States Senate to er, the litigation in connection with both th~ part of those for whom he had borne a fill out the vacancy caused by the death of the plantations at Davis Bend, tlile death great burden. In 1886 he made a. number of Mississippi's Senator Speight. Subsequently, of his little son William from diphtheria, and public addres.ses in Mississippi, Alabama, and he was elected t0 the Senate in his own right, the .failure of his insurance company, caused Georgia, and was met everywhere with ex­ serving until 1851, when he resigned to run his health to grow worse, and he was again pressions of kindness and affection such unsuccessfully for governor of his. State. ordered to England. as no other speaker had ever received. His In 1853, President Pierce appointed Jeffer­ Out of the wreckage 0:1 the hurricane and last' visit to Macon, Ga., for one of these son Davis to his Cabinet as Secretary of War, BrieFfield s.uits, a portion of hi::: old planta­ homecomings -was too· inuch for his weak­ a post he administered with distinction and tion was saved to him and from the lands ened vitality. His physician forbade him ability. Davis pioneered' many improve­ where he had started life as a planter after further excitement, and he ret1!lrned to ments in the Nation's military establish­ his a years' service in the United States Army Beauvoir to appear no more in public. In ment. An innovation of his was the impor­ he had hoped to support himself and his November.1889. he went to Brlerfielq and was tation of camels to be used on the. western family. taken 111 there. His sickness . pr_evented hi!il 8902 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 21 reaching home before the end, and with his lihood. She had little desire or spark to The San Juan-Chama project is a part wife who had joined him on his way down get well. of the proposed multibillion dollar upper the Mississippi, he could go no farther than And then a wonderful thing happened. Colorado River project. New Orleans, where he died December 6, 1889. From all over the South representa­ A group of citizens of Ephrata, led by ·The cost to the Nation's taxpayers of tive men and women, including the Grand Burgess Lloyd Gerhart and Mr. and Mrs. the San Juan-Chama project would be Army of the Republic, joined in the funeral Henry Nissley, determined that Grace $4,250 an .acre. ceremonies with the camps of Confederate Weller deserved a better lot in life and The ·project would grow agricultural veterans and the citizens of New Orleans decided to help. They organized a com­ products now supported by the taxpayers thronged to his funeral in Metalrie Cemetery. munity drive that included parades, and in great surplus. Among these are The Governors of nine States were his pall­ shows, and a tag day to try to relieve her grains, dairy products, and wool. bearers and the legislatures of the Common­ wealths which he had led in war held memo­ of the tremendous burden of medical rial sessions in his memory. expenses that mounted daily. Four years aft.er his death the people of · Local ·clubs and civic groups cooper­ Richmond asked that his body might be en­ ated, as did the town's weekly newspa-. · Highway Legislation tombed in the company of many other sol­ per, the Ephrata Review. The Lancaster diers and statesmen of the South, in Holly­ Intelligencer Journal and New Era, New wood Cemetery. Jefferson Davis was borne Holland Clarion, Lititz Express, and EX'I'ENSION OF REMARKS back to the scene of his great adventure, the Reading Eagle also publicized this OF capital of what had once been the Confed­ worthy cause. erate States of America. His body lay in Several thousand dollars was raised, HON. GORDON H. SCHERER state in the chief cities through which it OF OHIO passed, and tens of thousands came to gaze a sizable sum for this small community on the face that was still resolute and un­ of only 6,000, but still not enough to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES daunted in death. meet Mrs. Weller's expenses, which had Tuesday, June 21, 1.955 In reviewing the last years of Jefferson reached over $6,000. Davis' life, my admiration for this man A large metropolitan radio station Mr. SCHERER. Mr. Speaker, I am which like all true southerners has always learned of this tragic case and asked if going to direct my remarks to what I been high, if possible, has grown even greater. it could help on this local level. consider to be the two most important To meet with reverses of every kind and phases of the highway legislation. description and to still hold his he~d high The Westinghouse-owned radio station and decline all the gifts which were offered KYW in Philadelphia reached out to First, I shall attempt to show where him, and to rise above all the confusion of thousands and thousands in its audience the critical and primary need for high­ the times, proved this man to be one of our with the dramatic story of Mrs. Weller. way improvement exists in the United Nation's alltime greats, of whom we may be Listeners from all over Pennsylvania, States. justly proud. Secondly, how this Congress can meet BENEDICTION New Jersey, and Delaware, although they had never heard of this young Ephrata that need by a proper allocation of Fed­ "May the God we trust as a nation, eral funds. Throw the light of his Peace and Grace, woman and her misfortune, responded magnificently, and over $3,000 was re­ There are approximately 3 Ya million On a flag with its stripes untarnished, It And with every star in place. ceived in 2 weeks. miles of roads in the United States. "Amen." · KYW decided to take it further and is admitted that something could be passed th3 story on to Warren Hull, of done--some money could be spent to the radio and television program, Strike improve in varying degrees almost each It Rich. As a result, he asked two KYW and every mile of this gigantic ·system The Grace Weller Story: Bighearted performers, Bill Givens and Vince Lee, to in order to .bring all of this mileage up America at Its Best appear on his show in behalf of Grace to a standard of highway perfection so Weller. Their appearance, in which as to meet present and future tramc de­ they spread the Grace Weller story from mands. EXTENSION OF REMARKS coast to coast, both on the NBC ra~io The Clay Committee finds that such OF network and the CBS television network, a program would cost more than a hun­ HON. PAUL B. DAGUE brought more money to Grace Weller. dred thousand million dollars. If we Nearly $800 in money and gifts were adopt a plan calling for the expenditure OF PENNSYLVANIA realized. by the young men themselves of only a fourth of this amount, it will IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES on the show. still be by far the biggest single public­ works program, not only in the history Tuesday, June 21, 1955 And so I would like to off er this hum­ ble tribute and praise to the townspeople of this country but in the history of the Mr. DAGUE. Mr. Speaker, it has al­ of Ephrata and its newspapers, and to world. ways been my prideful boast that no­ the thousands of generous folks reached It is further admitted that a hundred where in this broad land will you find by KYW who volunteered time, services, thousand million dollar program cannot an area that . encompasses a greater and money to make it possible to assist possibly be considered. It is beyond our group of bighearted people than those this young woman to get a fresh new capabilities at this time. It, therefore, who reside in Lancaster County, Pa. In­ start in life. becomes obvious that the money avail­ deed, their charity is the kind that This is the heart of America respond­ able-the money we are willing to spend leavens all who become exposed to it and ing. This is the American people taking must be applied where it will do the most makes us want to exclaim with the poet care of their own. This is bighearted good-where the critical need exists...... :. that "God is in his heaven and all's right America at its best. where it will do most .toward relieving with the world." the traffic snarls that are gradually but In support of this conviction I would surely strangling America's transporta­ like to relate briefiy a warm and tender tion. The available money must be ap­ gesture of Christian fellowship and out­ Bananas on Pikes Peak? plied to a highway program that will standing community service that oc­ most effectively cut the tragic accidents curred recently in my Ninth Congres­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS and slaughter on the roads of this Nation sional District in Pennsylvania. with a resulting damage to our economy. Late in February a young woman from OF Above all, the program must meet the Ephrata, a small town in Lancaster HON. CRAIG HOSMER defense requirements of this country. County, woke up in a hospital following OF CALIFORNIA We must b~ . able to move large heavy a horrible highway accident. Mrs. Grace IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES military equipment. and personnel Weller was told that her husband, Nor­ quickly across the. Nation. · man, aged 27, had been killed in the Tuesday, June 21, 1955 The question, therefore, is which pro­ crash and that it was necessary to am... Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, the Con­ gram will do the job most effectively­ putate one of her legs. She became gress might as well appropriate money the one fathered originally by Senator despondent and despairing realizing that to grow bananas on Pikes Peak as to GORE, or the President's program result­ ·a bleak, dismal future faced her with approve the San Juan-Chama irrigation ing from the Clay Committee's studies no insurance, income, or means of a live~ project in New Mexico. and investigations. , · CONGRE-SSIONAL RECORD·- HOUSE 8903 · -If we are going to follow the over• The Department of Defense without res• Last year this Congress almost doubled whelming ·· and almost uncontradictable ervation recommends that the interstate the amount of Federal funds allocated evidence adduced in the 7.-week hearing system be developed as proposed by the for these other systems. The fact is before the Public Works Committee­ administration and that it be given that none of this additional money has evidence from the most competent au­ priority. · as yet been used for improvement of thorities in the country-we must adopt We all now know that the large indus­ these roads. Some States are going to at least a modified version. of the Presi:.. trial centers of the United States will· be have difficulty in matching the new funds dent's program. On the other hand, if the frontline trenches of the next war provided for in the 1954 act. ·. we are to follow · the theory of handling which all of us, of course, hope and pray If the interstate system is improved this problem conceived by Senator GORE will never come. If war comes, how­ as recommended by the President all in an effort to beat the gun we must ig­ ever, then evacuation is the only defense other roads will have made available nore the mountains of evidence piled against atomic attack. further additional ·funds in the nature high in the record. Could any large city in the United of a hidden windfall. Because of the The President's program deals solely States be evacuated? The answer is heavy demands on the interstate system with the interstate system. Its very "No." because the main ·highways ex­ States today are spending a large part name indicates that it is the system with tending from the periphery of industrial of their own highway funds on the re­ which the Federal Government should be areas cannot possibly handle mass evacu-· building and maintenance of the inter­ primarily concerned. It is on this sys­ ations. state system within their respective tem that we find the large volume and All of us are familiar with tr,affic con­ States. If the Federal Government takes extreme density of traffic between cen­ ditions in the city of Washington be­ over the cost of rebuilding these inter­ ters of population. It is on this system tween 5 and 6 o'clock in the evening ~ t ate roads th~ States then will be able that we find the bottlenecks-the slow­ when the workers are being evacuated to use the money they are now spending downs, reduced to a snail's pace, just out­ from the downtown area to the suburbs. on the interstate system on their sec­ side and in the big cities. We literally crawl southward to Virginia ondary highways. These roads are pri­ The reasons for these conditions can and northward on Connecticut Avenue marily the States responsibility anyhow. be understood when we realize that the and 16th Street to Maryland. One can Now in spite of what has been shown interstate system which consists of only well imagine what would happen if not about relative needs it is now proposed to 37 ,600 miles represents approximately only the workers but the entire popula­ dump additional millions on these roads. 1 percent of the total road mileage in tion attempted to move from all the The Gore bill calls for 900 million a year. this country. This 1 percent, however, metropolitan area. The main or arte-. Thirty States have said they will not be carries one-seventh of all the traffic. It rial highways beyond every city in the able to match these additional amounts. means, therefore, that the density of United States are not capable of han­ Why do we then in face of these facts traffic on the interstate system is 14 dling the traffic that would be thrown and all of the evidence to the contrary times the average density on all other into them as the result of mass evacua­ and against the recommendations of 97 highways. tion. They cannot handle the conges­ percent of the witnesses who appeared These conditions have resulted in tre­ tion on an ordinary Sunday afternoon. before our committee, insist on giving mendously increased automobile operat­ Now, of course, I admit that the im­ these additional Federal funds for the ing costs, such as gasoline and oil con­ provement of all of the system of ,high­ secondary systems. Why do we do this sumption waste, -bra~e and tire wea1\ ways in the United States would be bene­ when the available money is limited. and, above all, an unbelievable man-hour ficial and would result in a reduction of Why do we do this when this money ios·s·. The loss to-the trucking industry, accidents and some saving in operating could be used so much more profitably which is eventually passed on to the con­ costs. However, again the evidence is if it were used where it is actually needed. sumer is incalculable. conclusive that the beneficial results We do it because we cannot get away The rebuilding of the interstate sys­ from the improvement of these systems from "pork barrel" politics. An election tem to the standards required will save is so slight when compared with the. year is just around the corner and roads 1 cent a mile in operating costs or ap­ needs of the interstate system that every on the· secondary systems pass almost proximately 14 cents for every gallon of cent of money available should be spent every voting booth in the country. And gasoline that is used in passenger cars. on the immediate rebuilding of the inter­ yet, this is not enough "pork." Some The trucking industry will save 4 cents state system and that it should be given still are not satisfied. It is: therefore, a mile in operating costs. complete priority. proposed in the Gore bill to substitute All this will result in a total savings to The testimony shows that the primary, more "pork" for a truly effective and highway users and our economy of $1,475 secondary, and farm-to.-market roads uniform interstate system. million per year. are generally capable of adequately do­ Let me demonstrate what I say. The evidence is conclusive that it is ing the job that is demanded of them A long list of highway experts and re­ on the interstate system where we are today. sponsible organizations headed by the having a disproportionate number of ac­ I drive between Cincinnati and Wash­ Association of State Highway officials cidents and loss of life. The rebuilding ington quite often over the interstate · proved by cogent evidence that the solu­ of the interstate system will result in a system. In view of my service on the tion to our critical highway deficiencies reduction of monetary losses from ac­ Subcommittee on Roads, I have made was the immediate and uniform, and cidents alone amounting to $725 million careful observation of conditions. Time note I say uniform, rebuilding of our in­ per year. The total savings, therefore, and time again, I have driven in a long terstate system µnder modern scientific will reach the staggering sum of $2,100 line of traffic, frequently crawling up· highway engineering standards in every million a year. These savings alone .will steep grades with other vehicles behind State in the Union. The eost of doing offset about two-thirds of th·e cost of the big trucks. While impatiently waiting this job will vary from State to· State program. to move ahead more quickly, I have depending on the number of miles of the If the highway user realizes these sav­ glanced down the intersecting secondary interstate system within the State­ ings he may even be willing to pay at roads. Invariably they have been in topography-land acquisition col)ts­ least part of this amount in additional good condition with little or no traffic on width of highways-utility relocation user charges in order to make the pro­ them. Usually vehicles, if any, on these costs-number of grade separations and gram a reality. intersecting thorough!ares would be interchanges. Furthermore, one of the principal ad­ stopped at the intersection waiting to Does the Gore bill _propose to distri­ vocates for· the development of the in­ enter the· crowded arterial highway. I bute the Federal funds for the inter: terstate system is the Department of De­ am certain each of you has had similar state system on the basis of need? It fense. The Defense Department, like all experiences. There are 100 million miles does not. It completely ignores the evi­ of us, has no problem with its equipment of such secondary roads in this country dence_ and the recommendations of 97 reaching -the main arteries of traffic that carry only from 1to100 cars a day. percent of the witnesses and distributes from its installations. It points out that I am not saying these secondary roads money on the basis of. votes. Some its difficulty, like yours and mine; begins are perfect-that they -do not need im­ States under the Gore bill will get far when it attempts to transport large mil­ provement and that we should not spend less than the Bureau of Public Roads itary equipment and personnel ·across any money on them. All I am trying to finds is needed to rebuild the interstate the country on the interstate system. do is to point out the relative needs. system to proper standards. Other 8904 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· · HOUSE June 21 states for no reason except political con­ a constitution-which would strengthen the still lingering in the-hearts of your kinsmen nation and guarantee certain rights to the in Poland and the other enslaved people; it siderations get much more money than people. Finally, after a long struggle, the will end all their dreams and aspirations ever is needed to do the job. constitution of 1791 was adopted, enfranchis­ to become liberated from their Communist on the other hand, the President'$· ing the citizens of Poland and establishing oppressors. Only the hope of attaining free­ bill· proposes to build roads wnere the religious freedom in the country. Let me' dom in the future encourages the people of real and critical highway problem exists read to you just a few lines from that great Poland today to continue their struggle and to allocate funds necessary to ac­ document in which the following principle against slavery. To them, coexistence means complish the results on the basis of need. is set forth: death, the end of all hope for national re­ "All power in civil society should be de­ birth. As I see it, there can be no coexist­ rived from the will of the people, its end ence of any kind, in any way, between the and object being the preservation and in­ free world and the Communist-dominated tegrity of the state, the civil liberty, and world so long as entire nations are enslaved. Poland's Freedom Should Be Restored the good order of society, on an equal scale, I make a point of this, because this sum­ and on a lasting foundation." mer there will take place a Big Four confer­ This is still one of the great objects of ence in which our country will sit down with EXTENSION 01', REMARKS humanity. No wonder that Edmund Burke, Communist Russia at the same table to dis­ OF the great British parliamentarian and cuss certain matters. I suggest that the fighter for liberty, said at the time, "Hu­ question of the enslaved nations of Eastern HON. VICTOR L. . ANFUSO manity must rejoice and glory, when it Europe be made a part of the agenda at that considers the change in Poland." Unfor­ conference, with the idea of obtaining their OF NEW YORK tunately, those gains were lost later in the freedom-something to which Russia had IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES turbulent events of Polish history, but the consented 10 years ago when the United Na­ constitution remained and it became an im­ tions was organized in San Francisco. Russia Tuesday, June 21, 1955 portant factor in man's long fight for free­ must be asked to live up to her international dom. agreements. The despots of the Kremlin Mr. ANFUSO. Mr. Speaker, in con­ The desire for human freedom and social must be given to understand that they can­ nection with the celebration of Polish justice, for democracy and religious tolera­ not succeed forever in subjugating human Constitution Day several weeks ago, the tion, is perhaps stronger today than it has dignity and justice. Theirs is a negative ap-· Polish Allied Societies of Williamsburg, ever been in the history of mankind. And proach to human progress and civilization, it which is a part of my congressional dis­ yet the great paradox of history is the fact is contrary to basic principles of life itself. trict, sponsored a pp.rade and a large that the Polish people, the same people In conclusion, let me assure you that the public gathering. who have brought forth this noble docu­ people of the United States follow with great I was privileged to be invited to this ment more than a century· and a half ago sympathy the tragic plight which has be­ as a charter of liberty, cannot celebrate the fallen the people of Poland, whom we shall celebration, which took place on May occasion in a free Poland today. 29, 1955, and to deliver an address on the always regard as our stanch friends and al­ The Polish nation, which has lived for lies. On this occasion, I extend my greetings occasion. Under leave to extend my re­ nine centuries in spiritual, religious, and marks, I am inserting the text of my cultural relationship with the western na­ and good wishes to all of you, friends and tions, is now cut off from the West. Its neighbors, all of you loyal Americans of address into the RECORD: Polish descent. I join with you in your SPEECH BY CONGRESSMAN VICTOR L. ANFUSO, homeland is sealed off behind the Iron Cur­ tain, where freedom is not tolerated, where prayers for Poland and its people. As we pray POLISH CONSTITUTIQN DAY PARADE IN Wn.­ together for Poland's restoration, as we pay LIAMSBURG, MAY 29, 1955 human rights are trampled upon, where social justice and religious toleration are tribute to the bravery of the -Polish people, My fellow Americans, I am very happy unknown, and where democracy has been let their struggles for liberty of yesterday and to be here with you on this occasion and perverted in its meaning and purpose. today serve as a beacon of light for tomorrow. to join with you in the celebration of Polish . Those of us who are familiar with the I urge you to do everything possrnle to help Constitution Day. I consider it an honor story of Poland's struggle for national in­ your people in Poland to- surmount the great and a privilege to address this wonderful dependence in our time, know that the gathering sponsored by the Polish Allied national crisis that confronts them. In ways .American people have always supported Po­ that you know best, you must not only main­ Societies of Williamsburg, which is doing land's just cause for national survival and_ a swell job and is rendering patriotic tain hope for the future, but you must help sovereignty-and we always will. Human your kinsmen in Poland to survive that crisis. services. liberty everywhere suffered a severe blow It is fitting and proper for you to cele­ They must feel confidence in your devotion when ·Poland's independence was wiped out to the altar of God, at which you both pray brate this day on which you reaffirm your so ruthlessly in 1939 by the Nazi aggressor devotion to the great Polish heritage of free­ from the west. Later, Nazi oppression ·was in your hearts-you in freedom here, they in dom handed down by your people 164 years replaced by Communist slavery from the slavery over there. ago. Your celebration is part and parcel of east. Today, the power of the state no the spirit of loyalty and devotion which you longer originates with the people, or b~­ bear in your hearts to America and all that longs to the people-the real master sits America stand for in the spheres of justice, in the Kremlin in Moscow. Poland is a freedom, and morality. captive country under a Communist dic­ Bananas on Pikes Peak? This great Polish national holiday, how­ tatorship. ever, is also a sad day for all of us in the My friends, let me assure you, however, EXTENSION OF REMARKS free world. We observe it as a day of that neither Poland nor its people are friend­ remembrance and rededication. It is a day less or forgotten. We, in this country, and OF of renewed ,hope that Poland will soon be others in free countries throughout the liberated from the yoke of Communist sub­ world, are constantly striving to bring them HON. CRAIG HOSMER jugation and oppression, and that it will encouragement and giving them the fullest OF CALIFORNIA once again join the nations of the free moral and spiritual support in their hours of world as an independent and democratic anguish. We are hoping and praying that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nation. this nightmare of Communist tyranny and Tuesday, June 21, 1955 The people of Polish descent are no ~ew­ oppression, their enslavement and degrada­ comers to the struggle for liberty. The tion, will soon end, and Poland will again Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, the Con­ Polish Constitution of 1791 is today recog­ rise to its rightful place among the free na­ gress might as well appropriate money to nized by freedom-loving people everywhere tions. grow bananas on Pike's Peak as to ap­ as one of the great documents in the annals At this.point, I want to stress a particular prove the Gooseberry irrigation project of human freedom-a document which has development of recent months and to express since become a landmark in the development my views in the matter. For a long time we, in Utah. of constitutional government. Poland in the in this country, followed a. policy of libera­ The Gooseberry project is a patt of the 16th century was in desperate need of a tion of the enslaved nations of Eastern proposed multibillion-dollar u9per Colo­ strong government. Its elective king was Europe: Poland, the Baltic States, Rumania, rado River project. helpless; its Diet (Parliament) was impotent. Hungary, Czechoslovakia., and the others. The cost to the Nation's taxpayers of Because of these weaknesses, Poland's preda­ Of late, the Eisenhower administration is .:the Gooseberry project-would be $1,900 tory neighbors-Russia, Prussia, and Aus­ discarding this policy and is replacing it with tria-were able to appropriate large areas a policy of coexistence. an acre. of Polish territory in 1772. I want to tell you just as clearly as I can The project would grow agricultural Stirred by the democratic ferment then make it that this is a fallacious policy. In products now supported by the taxpayers sweeping France and also our own 13 colonies fact, I consider it a dangerous policy because and in great surplus. 'Among these are in America, the people of Poland demanded it will destroy every vestige of hope which is grains, dairy products~ and wool. 1955 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 8905 Thirty-seventh Annual Department Con­ will go into the next Olympics disg-qised as will have p"rpetuated its dominion over its amateurs in order to defeat the ·United victims. vention-the American Legion States, and thus increase the prestige of "2. To break the awful sense of isolation communism. in which the internal enemies of the Krem­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS This is being done on a cold and calculated lin live • • • by making them aware that, OF basis • • • not in the interest of clean and like the revolutionists in Czarist times, they wholesome sport • • • but to serve the have devoted friends and powerful allies HON.THOMASJ.LANE ruthless ends of the Communist propaganda beyond their frontiers. machine. "3. To sharpen by every device we can OF MASSACHUSETTS Words like "peaceful coexistence" "neutral­ develop, the fear of their own people that IN THE HOU~E OF REPRESENTATIVES ism" are used to play upon human wishes, is already chronic in the Kremlin. The less Tuesday, iune 21, 1955 with dangerous cleverness, and as weapons certain the Soviets are of the allegiance of against the mind. their people, the more they will hesitate Mr. LANE. Mr. Speaker, under leave Think of it, one-third of the people in to provoke adventures involving the risks to extend my remarks, I wish to include this world have been enslaved by the cold­ of a major showdown. my statement to the members of the war methods of communism, which are far "4. To provide moral and material aid, American Legion, Department of Massa­ more profitable for the Reds than a hot war including trained leadership, to oppositions, chusetts, at the 37th annual department could ever be. undergrounds, resistance movements in sat­ They will not risk a large,-scale war be­ ellite nations, and C,hina and· Russia proper. convention held in Revere, Mass., on cause they know this would release revolu­ "5. To make maximum use of the fugi­ June 16, 17, and 18, 1955: tionary forces within their own empire. tives from the Soviet sphere, millions in Some people think of the American Legion Even if they felt sure they could win such the aggregate, now living in free parts of as an organization with a special interest; to a war, they know that they too would suffer the world. forward the compensation, pension, medi­ nuclear devastation. "6. To appea: to the simple personal yearn­ cal, and hospital claims of all veterans. Psychological warfare is the key to victory. ings of tho~e under the Communist yoke: While we proudly acknowledge this fact, Of course we must maintain our lead in release from police terror, ownership of small because we know that veterans have made all categories of military power, for this gives farms and homes, . free trade unions to de­ greater sacrifices in behalf of our Nation us the insurance, the confidence, and the f end their rights at the job, the right to than any other single group, we also point opportunity to wage psychological counter­ worship as they please, the right to change to the great and comprehensive program of offensive. residence and to travel, etc. the Legion which is dedicated to the preser­ It may come as a shock to us to realize "7. To shatter the wave of the future vation of all that we hold de~r to us­ that we are not as modern or efficient as we aura around communism, displacing the Americans. think. assumption that communism is inevitable ':'Pe Legion advocates a strong defense The United States, with all of its military with a deepening certainty that the end of establishment. and economic power, is asleep at the switch. communism is inevitable. And a strong foreign policy. We have not yet awakened to the fact that "8. To inspire ·millions in the free coun· The Legion is not fooled by the sudden the Reds are far ahead of us in the success­ tries with a feeling of moral dedication to switch to sweet talk by us somewhere and ful employment of cold-war techniques. the enlargement of the area of freedom, somehow. Every American wants peace and pros­ based on repugnance to slave labor, co".' At the moment, for various reasons, they perity. The Presidential election of next erced atheism, purges, and the rest of the are stalling for time. - year .may hinge upon the real or fancied ex­ Soviet horrors." It seems to me that this is precisely the istence of both. But if the American people As a legionnaire, I would like to see our right moment to press our advantage. int.erpret the absence of bombs and casualty organization enlist public opinion in sup­ Not by military action. lists as a sign of peace, they will be falling port of its resolve that the United States Accelerating, instead, our campaign to win into a habit of thought that could be fatal. should increase psychological warfare. the minds of men. The Communists know when to give In­ Here we can attack communism at its By increasing psychological warfare, as a little-just to deceive us into believing that weakest point. recommended by the Legion at the Washing­ peace is just around the corner, because In this manner we can win a bloodless ton national convention. that is a part of their cold-war technique, victory. The defense of the United States, includ­ intended to throw us off balance. On this anniversary of the Battle of ing the maintenance of far-flung forces and Getting us into the mood of wishful think­ Bunker Hill we should remember the early bases overseas, is costing us over $34 billion ing, and back to business as usual, as if the patriots who quickly adapted themselves to a year. · Of that sum we are orily spend­ cold war could be turned off as conveniently the challenge of their times and devised ing $88 million, or less than one-third of 1 as we turn off the light and go to sleep. bold and original tactics to confound and percent, for the United States Information While strengthening ourselves with nuclear defeat the enemy. Agency and the Voice of America. · weapons and maintaining a defensive pos­ Aided by the vigilance and resourceful;. We must never forget that the cold war ture, we are neglecting the main front which ness of the American Legion • • • I believe goes on, relentlessly, even when the Reds communism has already breached, with a that we can decisively win the cold war and are making. peaceful gestures. positive campaign to capture the minds of bring about the complete and final collapse We oppose the Communists with military all men. of communism. . power. Day by day we see how Communist-inspired We counter with diplomatic moves. fears confuse, divide, and weaken the moral And exert economic pressure. fiber of nations that are apparently free when In the field of public relations on a global there are much greater tensions within the Bananas on Pikes Peak? scale, however, we are acting like scared Communist empire that we are failing to sheep. While Communist propaganda works exploit. night and day to convince its present and Even now, almost 50 years after the Bol­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS future victims that communism is invinci­ sheviks took over Russia, they must use more OF ble. of their manpower and resources to keep We have the best produce-freedom. their own people in subjection. · HON. CRAIG HOSMER We have the best salesmen in the world. In other words, they have not convinced OF CALIFORNIA their own people that communism is the By a strange lack of understanding, and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES purpose, we are unable to team them up in best way of life. a concerted drive to hit the Communists In fact, they are afraid of them. Tuesday~ June 21, 1955 where they are weakest--the latent dissatis­ Add to this the feelings of the people in faction of their own people. the captive countries, and we have a sit­ Mr. HOSMER. Mr. f?peaker, the Con· Consider this one fact; the Communists uation made to order for effective psycho­ gress might as well appropriate money have never conquered a single country by logical counteraction by the free world. to grow bananas on Pikes Peak as to ap­ direct employment of military power. They This attack upon the enemy's nerves prove the silt-irrigation project in Colo.. didn't have to. Subversion, infiltration, should be total and unrelenting. rado. propaganda, and blackmail did the trick. Time does not give me the opportunity to The silt project is a part of the pro­ Do we need any further evidence that spell it out in detail. posed multibillion-dollar upper Colorado psychological warfare is the trump card o! As a guideline, I would suggest the follow· River project. the Communists? ing eight points from a program for a polit­ Then consider their .hideous brain-wash­ ical offensive against world communism. The cost to the Nation's taxpayers of ing techniques that take a victim's mind recommended by David Sarnoff: the silt project would be $2,600 an acre. away from him, and replace it with a soul• ••1. To k;eep alive through the Soviet Em· The project would grow agricultural less zombie Communist model. pire the spirit of resistance and the hope products now supported by the taxpay­ Or the massive efforts being made to train of eventual freedom and sovereignty. If ers and in great surplus. Among these an army of professional Soviet ath_letes. th~t we allow that hope to expire, the Kremlin are grains, dairy products, and wool. 8906 CONGRE·SSIONAL-RECQRD - -HOUSE June 21. I would· like for your Department to be in scr_utii,.y. Your CQ~mittee _conducted weeks Amendments to Social Security Act a position to give us your policy on these of public hearings during 1954, even though provisions, actuarial estimates of the cost many of the elements of the administration involved, including any offsetting estimates bill had, at one time or another, been con­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS such as those due to an increase in payroll, sidered previously by the committee:- This OF and any. other factors and considerations Department regards the comniittee;s ac­ t'elevant to sound actuarial estimates. I tion last year as a model of careful and HON. THOMAS A. JENKINS would also like for your .actuaries to be in a thorough joint ~egislative effor~. and we par­ OF OHIO . position to recommend any necessary adjust-. ticularly valued the important contributions IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ments in the social-security tax rates in order made by you personally and by other mem­ .to keep the trust fund on an actuarially bers of the committee to perfecting the ad­ Tuesday, June 21, 1955 sound basis in the light of these proposed ministration bill. amendments, and other relevant factors . . The result of this e:trort was perhaps the Mr. JENKINS. Mr. Speaker, the - I would also appreciate your Department most sweeping an:d ·broadening improve­ Committee· on Ways and Means began being in a position at the executive sessions ment of the OAS! system since its inception this morning- to consider in executive ·to present to the committee for determina­ ;20 years ago. The 1954 amendments made session amendments to the Social Se­ tion any policy decisions that must be made the following important changes: curity Act which would lower the retire­ in connection with giving effect to these pro­ . 1. Extended coverage to about 10 million ·posed changes. In addition, I would like for more workers, including 3¥2 million self­ ment age for women to 62 and provide your staff to be in a position to suggest to us It employed farmers and many additional farm cash disability payment~. is esti­ any technical and administrative improve.;. workers. mated that the average annual cost of ments which might be made in these pro­ 2. Increased benefit payments substan­ these amendments would be in excess of posals. tially for all present and future retired work­ $2 billion annually. In the past, your staff has been most co .. ers and for otlle:r beneficiaries. · The nature of the proposed amend­ operative and helpful with Mr. Ed Craft.of 3. Adopted a more advantageous basis for ments was first announced last Friday, .the legislative counsel's office in drafting .calculating benefits by (a) permitting a June 17, 1955, by our distinguished chair­ proposed legislation and in perfecting such worker to drop as many as. 5 years of low or legislation. This assistance of your staff no earnings from his wage record, and (b) by man, Mr. COOPER. On that same date, has been invaluable to our committee, and he transmitted a draft of the amend­ lncreasing to $4,200 the amount of annual is most appreciated: -I would be very grate .. earnings that can be counted toward benefits. ments to the Secretary of the Depart­ ·ful if you would again permit your staff to 4. Preserved the rights of totally disabled ment of Health, Education, and Welfare ~ender any assistance to. Mr . . Craft which he workers to any benefits they may have with a letter requesting the views of the may desire. , , earned. . Department. . The response of the Sec• · With my kindest personal regards and sin­ ~ 5. Liberalized -the retfreinent test by (a) retary to the chairman, under today's .cere best wishes, I am permitting employed an_d · self-employed Very cordially yours, beneficiaries to have earnings up to $1,200· in date, was presented to our committee JERE COOPER. this morning. a year without loss of -benefits, and (b) '. by The Republican members of the com­ reducing from 75 to. 72 the -age at which a DEP.!\RTMENT OF HEALTH, _beneficiary will be able _to . receive the pay• mittee supported a motion to hold pub­ EDUCATION, AND WELFARE, ments regardless of the amount he is earn- lic hearings upon the proposed amend­ Washington, D. C., June 21, 1955. ing. . . · ments as well ·as on a number of other 'Hon. JERE COOPER, · 6. Provided benefits for the families ·of liberalizations in the social-security sys• Chairman, Committee on Ways an4 workers who had· credit for a year and a half tern which have wide public support. Means, House of Representatives. in social-security jobs but who died un­ This motion was turned down by the DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: Thank you very much -insured prior to September, 1950. Democratic majority. _ for your letter of June 17, 1955, enclosing In brief, Mr. Chairman·, the ·1954 amend­ copies of a confidential draft of a bill you are ·ments, which were adopted by an over­ Mr. Speaker, inasmuch as there will be submitting to the full Committee on Ways no public hearings on this matter and no ·whelming bipartisan vote in both Houses of and Means. Our staff has made such review Congress, refie_ct in a wa;y even more eloquent transcript and·since it is vital that the as is possible in the time available and will 'than a statement of principles the deep con­ membership of the House be kept ac.:. ·be happy to appear before your committee cern of this administration for improving the quainted with these proceedings of such today to assist in whatever manner is pos­ ·welfare of our people by strengthening and tremendous significance to the American sible. We wish to cooperate fully with you, improving the OAS! system. people, I am including at this point in the the committee and the legislative counsel's We come now to consider how the admin;. RECORD a copy of Chairman COOPER'S office in carrying out the committee's wishes. istration policy for strengthening the OASI letter of, June 17 to the Secretary of · You have asked, also, that our staff be _system applies in the situation.presented by ready to present to the committee the posi'­ your. stated in'l;el}tion to conduct. 3 days Health, F.ducation, and Welfare, a copy ·tion of the Department on these proposed ot of the Secretary's reply of June 21, and 'closed or executive sessions on a J:>ill based on -amendments. I would like- to take this op­ .the co:nfidential draft you transmitted to. us a list of the subjects with respect to portunity to set forth our views. with your letter. · - · · ' which the Republican members of the It is hardly necessary for us to restate the administratiori's basic policy with respect to It is our firm conviction that a thorough.~ committee moved to hold public hear­ going ·review and inquiry into the issues ings: the old-age and survivors insurance 1;1ystem_. 'In his first State of the Union message, and .raised by the ·confidential draft are essential. COMMI'ITEE ON WAYS AND MEANS, 'even prior thereto, President ·Eisenhower We believe that this committee could best HOUSE OF REPRESE....,,TATIVES, clearly and emphatic.ally called for broad serve the American people in this partlculat Washington, D. C., June 17, 1955. improvements in the contributory, self-sup­ 'instance by setting up the mechanism for Hon. OVETA CULP HOBBY, porting system of old-age and survivors 1n­ ~an intensive study-as was done by this Secretary of Health, Education and ·surance. In the spring of 1953, a 'group o'.f committee in 1946 and-by the Senate Finance Welfare. expert consultants was called together by Committee In 1948. A study commission or ad¥is6ry council, particularly if given a man­ MY DEAR MRS. SECRETARY: I am enclosing ·this Department to consider the extensio~ herewith copies of a confidential draft of a -of the protection of the OASI system to ad­ date to consider certain specified problem bill whic~ I plan to submit to the full com­ ditional groups of workers and self-employed areas, could assure that no important con­ mittee next week. This committee print persons. · Late in the first session of the sideration is overlooked and the views of all would provide disabllity insurance benefits, '83d Congress a bill was introduced by Con­ .are taken into account. Either this com'­ lower the age for all women beneficiaries ·gressman DANIEL A. REED embodying the rec­ mittee or the study commission could con­ from 65 to 62, and provide for child's bene­ -ommendations of this consultant group. duct full and open hearings on measures of fits after age 18 where they are physically During the fa.11 of 1953 an intensive study the type in the confidential draft, with. an or mentally disabled. was conducted within the Department of , opportunity prior thereto for all interested I have scheduled executive sessions on this the benefit structure of the OASI system, person's and- groups tO study the measures bill for Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday, ·and in January of 1954 President Eisenhower carefully, to · formulate their views and to June 21, 22, and 23, During these sessions transmitted to the Congress, in his State of prepare testimony. · it may be that other members of the commit­ ·the Union .and special social-security mes­ _ We wish to emphasize particularly the tee will o:trer proposed amendments to the ·sages, a series of recommendations for the ex­ willingness and desire of .this Departmen~. old-age and survivors insurance title of" th_e .pansion and improvement_of the OAS! sys­ _as it has done in similar situations in the social security laws. tem. These recommendatidns were trang_ ·past, to. wor~ 1~ cJose· coop_eration with such I would sincerely appreciate your having -lated into a new bill introduced bt eongress:... a c;iommission ·or council. your staff review the enclosed draft and b'e ,man REED. _ . ' While it is true that testimony on related in a position to present to our committee As you will recall, ·your committee a-nd ,proposals· was received by this committee in the position of your Department on these .the Commit~e 01_1 Finance of tbe Senate.gave ,1949, we are convinced that_ .a_ full. inquiry proposed. amendments by Tuesday. - that bill the most careful and thorough is needed with respect to the proposals con- 1955 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 8907. tained in the confidential draft for the fol~ :tlo.ns .for the OASI Trust Fund. Similarly, (a) the program of aid to the permanently lowing reasons: there has been no real opportunity to eval­ and totally disabled, enacted in 1950; 1. The social-security system is a system uate the effect of the Vocational Rehabili­ (b) "permanent and total disability" b~n­ of the people. It represents the source of tation Act of 1954, expanding the Federal­ efit s provided under workmen's compensa­ security for many millions of Americans, State program of rehabilitation for the dis­ tion; and it has a tremendous significance for our abled, or the effect of the referral to State (c) unemployment compensation; economy. It has reached practically uni­ rehabilitation agencies under the disability (d) temporary disability' programs in the versality in coverage of employment. Legis.­ "freeze" provision mentioned above. We re­ States; and lation dealing with a structure of such uni­ gard all of these as matters of crucial signifi­ (e) private disability programs and volun­ yersal impact and significance should be con­ cance in the- development of sound legis­ tary health insurance plans? sidered widely by employers, employees, the lation. 8. Could benefits for "permanent and total self-employed and other interested groups We wish to reemphasize that the Depart­ disability" be handled more effectively under and discussed fully and openly. ment strongly endorses all efforts to any of the foregoing programs at the State 2. Although the confidential draft is similar strengthen and improve the OASI system level rather than at the Federal level? in many respects to parts of a bill con­ which are soundly financed, in a way not 9 . Should cash disability benefits, if sidered by your committee in 1949, there are unfair to any group. However, we believe adopted, be paid at any age, or only at age important differences. Just for example, the that any major amendments should be . 55 or 60? provisions of "the· 1949 bill dealing with cash adopted only after they have been presented REDUCTION IN RETIREMENT AGE FOR WOMEN disability benefits provided that a disability to the public with an opportunity for full 1. What is the particular rationale for a benefit could be terminated if the disabled expression of views and open debate, and reduction in retirement age for- . person refused without good cause to accept have been the subject of full deliberation (a) wives, available rehabilitation services. based on experience under recent basic ( b) workrng women, and 3. There are many alternative approaches ·changes in the law. (c) widows? to even the proposals in the draft bill. For There are many issues which a commission 2. Is a reduction in age inconsistent with­ example, as to cash disability benefits, the of inquiry might fruitfully consider. For ( a) the lengthening life span for the en- terms of eligibility, the administrative pro­ example, the following major questions are tire population, visions and the appropriate review of ad­ r aised by the proposals in the confidential (b) the fact that women live longer than ministrative .determinations are all m atters d raft bill: men on the average? of key importance with respect to which we CASH DISABILITY BENEFITS 3 . In meeting the challenge of an aging do not purport to be able to give the Con­ 1. Recognizing that self-sufficiency and in­ . population, much public and private research gress our best counsel at this time. dependence through rehabilitation are more is being conducted into the social signifi­ 4. The OASI system has change~ signifi­ important goals for the individual than de­ cance of "retirement age" provisions in OAS! cantly since 1949 from a system under which pendence on cash payments.: What are the and other retirement plans. For example, about 6 out of 10 ·3ebs were covered to one implications of cash disability benefits with the Department of Labor is planning a broad under ·which 9 O\lt of 10 jobs are covered. respect to rehabilitation efforts? research program with respect to employ­ Millions of self-employed persons have now (a) Has experience under veterans' pro­ ment of older workers, and the administra­ been brought within the system-paying grams, workmen's compensation, or other t ion has endorsed the bills pending in Con­ social-security taxes at a rate of 150 percent programs indicated any lessening of incen­ gress to establish a Commission on the Aging of the rate paid by employees, Self-employed tive toward rehabilitation as a result of pay­ to consider, among other things, l}ational farmers will commence paying t &xes for the ments of cash benefits? policy with respect to employment of older :fiist time on January 1, 1956. The benefit (b) Do we yet know the full potential of persons. In view of these developments and structure of the system has been completely the expanding Federal-State vocational re­ the strong trend toward encouragement of revised since 1949. The overall costs of the habilitation program? continued employment for older workers system have increased substantially, .and a (c) Could greater social gain be achieved who are physically healthy, should there substantially higher ultimate tax rate is pro­ by backing rehabilitation efforts with addi­ be a general reduction in the retirement age jected than was the case in 1949. tional funds-whether from the OAS! Trust for women at this time? 5. Because the OASI system is becoming Fund or other sources-rather than paying 4. Would a reduction in age for working a more costly one (with an 8-percent com­ the same funds in cash benefits on the con­ women make it more difficult for them to bined employer-employee tax already pro­ dition of continued disability? obtain and keep jobs on a fair, basis with jected at the end of 20 years), every addi­ (d) Could the desired objectives be better men? tional item of cost must be considered with achieved by making more liberal mainte­ 5. Would a reduction of retirement age the greatest care. The system could lose nance payments during rehabilitation? by only 3 years have any real significance its attractiveness, particularly for many self­ 2. What are the actuarial problems in­ in alleviating (for example) the problem of employed persons, if additional cost items volved in cash disability benefits? What is the woman who is widowed at age 45, 50 or are added without the most careful evalua­ the recent experience of insurance com­ later? tion of the benefits _they confer. panies, labor union funds, and the like? 6. Would a reduction in age for women be - 6. Tb.ere are many praiseworthy objectives What experience is there with respect to dis­ merely a forerunner of a general reduction in which have taken the form of numerous pro­ abilities of women in middle and upper age retirement age for men,. as well? posals for amendment of the OAS! system brackets? • · The foregoing questions, many of which in­ other than ·the 2 or 3 proposals included 3. Do we need a broad health census to volve iEsues ·of broad economic and social in the confidential draft. There should be better ascertain the incidence and scope of policy, are stated not to discourage action in ·full opportunity carefully to consider which permanent and total disability in this coun:­ further amending the OASI law, but· rather of the many proposals have the highest try? See, for example, the recommendations to lend sincere encouragement to the sound­ priority. · in the 1955 report to the Congress entitled est possible approach to strengthening our 7. Since 1949 there have been many de­ "Study of the Homebound." · social-insurance system. It is because of velopments outside the OAS! system which 4. Would a cash disability program be these questions, Mr. Chairman, that we are call for a thorough consideration. For ex­ utilized by employers as a means for retir_. anxious that your committee should- exer­ ample, there has been a tremendous growth ing disabled persons from the labor market, cise its traditional prerogatives with respect in. private insurance, private pension plans especially persons in upper age groups? to the social-security system and conduct a and voluntary health insurance. These de­ 5. Is there in fact a changing concept of full inquiry into these and the many other velopments have an important bearing on the disability, as a result of developments which -qfiestions which might be raised. proposals contained in the confidential draft. have broadened the extent to which handi­ In addition to stating these views as Sec­ . Within the administration, we have not capped persons may be restored to activity retary of Health, Education, and Welfare, I had an opportunity to make a real study of and gainful employment? Is it true, as wish to express the same opinions in my the proposals contained in the confidential stated in the 1952 report of the task force capacity as a trustee of the Old-Age and draft bill, and have particularly not had on the handicapped (Office of Defense Survivars Insurance Trust Fund. The in­ ~n opportunity to solicit the views of groups Mobilization) that "The idea of disability tegrity of the fund cannot, in my opinion, and individuals outside of the Government. itself is outmoded," and that the significance be protected if we are to commence now to Furthermore, there has not been an oppor­ of medical and rehabilitation advances of the deviate from the pattern of deliberate, full tunity to assess and evaluate the results last 10 years have not yet been fully com­ and careful consideration which has marked of the 1954 amendments, nor will there be prehended? How should long-range policy. all prior major amendments of the OASI for some time yet. The first few State de­ in our social insurance system toward dis-. system. The actuarial status of the fund il3. terminations of disability under the dis­ ability be developed in the light of these too vital to the welfare of our people-the ability "freeze" provision enacted last year factors, if they are found to be true? employed, the self-employed, and their have Just been received. We are convinced 6. What guidance to the administrative families-to permit of even the possibility that best interests of the OASI system and problem.s involved in determining disability of hasty action without full understanding the American people would be served by can be derived from experience under the by au members of this committee, the Con­ obtaining more experience under the disability "freeze" which has just gone into gress, and the American people of the impli­ "freeze" and ,.hav.ing that experience evalu­ eft'ect? · · · · · cations of that actio·n. - · ated carefully before coming to. far-reaching 7. What would be the relationship of a Fed­ . At the very minimum as a trustee of the decisions which have important lmplica..: eral cash disability program t~ ~und, I feel compelled to c~ll attention to th~ er-· 56b 8908 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. HOUSE June 21 flnancia,1 Impact which the proposals in the Genet never returned to France. He six churches; fine schools, homes and confidential draft might have-as a result of lived the rest of his life in the town of business places, and a nationally known their average annual cost in excess of .$2 ·what is now East Greenbush, devoting chemical research laboratory. billion-and to stress the importance of full himself to scientific research and litera­ I would that time would permit specific and forthright financing of any additional mention of the many fine citizens who costs imposed. ture. We appreciate this opportunity to express July 2 will be "Greenbush Cantonment have worked long and hard to make our views, and will stand ready to cooperate Day" in remembrance of the large United this celebration a success. with your committee in any way possible. States Army cantonment situated in the Mr. Speaker, I have ventured upon the We highly value the spirit of cooperative en­ town during the War of 1812. More than -patience of the House in this matter be­ deavor which has marked all our relation­ 4,000 troops were quartered in several cause I think East Greenbush typifies ships in the past. buildings, one of which still stands. It something precious in our way of life. With warmest personal regards, was here that the name "Uncle Sam" Great bustling citles and rich farm acres Sincerely yours, are important to our Nation, but there is 0VETA CULP HOBBY, originated, when the soldiers, noting Secretary. that the beef shipped by Samuel Wilson something very American about our of Troy, N. Y., was marked "U. S." jok­ towns. The following is the list of subjects ingly called it Uncle Sam's beef. They, like East Greenbush, have pre­ with respect to which the majority re­ The State of New York will dedicate served the greatness of their yesterday jected my motion to hold public markers to Citizen Genet and Green­ and used it to season their calm approach hearings: bush Cantonment on these 2 days. to the problems of today and tomorrow. 1. The payment of disability benefits. July 4 has been designated "Town of By honoring the town of East Green­ 2. Reduction of the retirement age for Clinton Day" to recall the forming of bush on this great occasion in its history, women. the town from the old town of Green­ we are, in a sense, honoring similar towns 3. Reduction of the retirement age for men throughout our great land. as well as for women. bush, Rensselaer County, by an act of 4. Liberalization of the retirement test the legislature on February 23, 1855. The which permits a beneficiary to earn only up town name was changed to East Green­ to $1,200 a year without loss of benefits. bush by legislative act on April 14, 1858. 5. Redueing to 70 the age at which a bene­ ResuUs of Questionnaire, First Congres­ ficiary can earn any amount without loss July 3 is to be "Day of Remembrance," of benefits. . with special mention of the centennial in sional District, Wisconsin 6. Increasing the present minimum bene­ all churches of the town and visits to the fit of $30 a month to $45 a month or some town's historic sites, of which there are EXTENSION OF REMARKS other figure. 43 marked on the centennial map. They 7 . Consideration of the plight of millions include the Greenbush Reformed OF of Americans who have passed the age of Church, organized in 1787; Witbeck 65 but who never have had an opportunity HON. LAWRENCE H. SMITH to achieve social-security protection. House, built about 1738; Greenbush and OF WISCONSIN 8. Extension of coverage to those individ­ Schodack Academy, 1831; Lyman's IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES uals who are still denied social-security pro­ Boarding School, 1851; Genet Gothic tection, such as lawyers, dentists, and many School, 1850; Gen. Henry Genet House Tuesday, June 21, 1955 State and local employees. and others. Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. Mr. 9. Increasing a wife's benefit to more than Today the town has several hamlets one-half her husband's benefit. Spealt:.er, under leave to extend my re­ 10. Increasing a widow's benefit to the full and communities, all prosperous suburbs marks, I am inserting the following re­ amount of her husband's benefit. of Albany, the State capital, containing sults of my May 1955 questionnaire: · 11. Paying benefits to the dependent chil­ dren of a d~ceased worker beyond age 18. Results of the May 1955 questionnaire from Congressman l,awrence H. Smith, 1st District, 12. Paying benefits to widows whose hus­ Wisconsin, June 17, 1955 bands died prior to 1940 when survivorship [In percent] benefits were first instituted. 13. Increasing the maximum family benefit above the present $200. Yes No Don't 14. Providing an increase in benefits for know those who postpone retirement until after 65. ---- 15. Liberalizing the definition of employ­ 1. Should the United States help defend Formosa?------79 14 7 ment to assist those who are employed by 2. H Red China attacks Matsu and Quemoy, should the United States defend these islands? __ 50 38 12 relatives. 3. Should we use atomic weapons, if necessary, in repelling any Red Chinese attack upon Matsu and Quemoy? ______------50 39 11 4. Do you favor military training for 6 months, plus 7Y2 years in the Reserve? ______32 58 10 5. Do you approve President Eisenhower's foreign policy? ______50 36 14 6. Do you favor a constitutional amendment making treaties of no force and effect if they deny East Greenbush (N. Y.) Centennial or abridge any right enumerated in the United States Constitution (the Bricker amend- ment)? ------_- _--- _------76 20 4 Celebration 7. Do you favor foreign military aid?------47 42 11 8. Do you favor foreign economic aid?------43 47 10 9. Do you approve exchange of atom secrets between the United States and our allies? ______24 70 6 EXTENSION OF REMARKS 10. Do you favor authorizing the development and use of atomic energy by private enterprise OF within our own country? ______------90 9 11. Do you favor trading American butter for Russian manganese? ______57 43 12. Do you favor support levels for agriculture ff such support requires the imposition of stricter HON. LEO W. O'BRIEN marketing allocations, acreage allotments, and price controls? ______22 73 5 OF NEW YORK 13. Do you favor immediate balancing of the Federal budget by increasing Federal taxes?------24 71 5 14. Do you favor reduction of taxes before balancing the bu<:Iget? ______------28 64 8 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 15. Do you favor immediate balancing of the Federal budget by reduction of Federal spending?_ 89 9 2 16. Do you approve President Eisenhower's 10-year construction program to modernize our Tuesday, June 21, 1955 primary roads? ____ ----_ ---_------_------__ ---_----- _----- €6 28 6 17. Do you approve direct Federal grants to States to help build schools?_------41 55 4 Mr. O'BRIEN of New York. Mr. 18. Do you approve an increase in the minimum wage? ______44 51 5 Speaker, I should like, on this occasion, 19. Do you think management of money in welfare funds of labor unions should be regulated by law as insurance funds are regulated? ___ .------96 3 to extend the good wishes of the House 20. Do you favor reduction of Federal Government's competition with privately owned busi- of Representatives to the town of East ness and industry? ___ __ ------·------______89 10 21. Do you approve extending social security old age insurance to all groups of workers not Greenbush, N. Y., on the occasion of its presently covered by social-security insurance or some equivalent plan?_------71 25 4 centennial celebration, which will extend 22. Do you favor an increase in postal rates to meet Postal Department deficits?------65 30 5 from June 30 througt. July 4. 23. Do you favor President Eisenhower's conducting personal talks with the heads of the Russian, British, and French Governments? ______65 32 3 July 1 will be called Citizen Genet 24. Do you approve ofa questionnaire of this type as a means of helping a Congressman to know Day in honor of the town's most illus­ the thinking of his constituents? ------~------_------~------98 25. Assuming the continuation of present economic conditions, do you favor an across-the- trious resident, "Citizen" Edmond board lowering of the, personal income tax?------63 35 2 Charles Genet-1765 to 1834-first min­ ister plenjpotentiary from the French Republic to tlie United States, whom More than 1,400 replies to the ques­ return. Some of those who replied did President Washington asked to have re­ tionnaire have been received at this time. not answer all the questions. I am called because of Government intrigues. This represents better than a 15-percent greatly pleased- with this fine response. 1955- 'CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 8909 The Senator From Moscow (Idaho) the audience: "True, I · have had my differ­ realize such warning signals won't stop hfm. ences with the President, and I shall no As for the Senator himself, "Whatever the doubt have them in the future. I have never results of my political career," he says, "I EXTENSION OF REMARKS advocated strict, lock-step political con­ ·hope to be able to say I was an American in OF formity as a principle upon which to base a. a country that has been wonderful to me. democratic government." And I gave her my best." HON. BARRY M. GOLDWATER Privately, WELKER yearns for a return "to OF ARIZONA the old GOP I grew up in. Our party of late has gone too far down the line of the New IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATF.S Deal trend. I'd like to see it united again Dry Cleaners ~d American Legion Co­ Tuesday, June 21, 1955 and strong in the face of the Communist threat." operate on Flag Day, June 14 Mr. GOLDWATER.· Mr. President, I Unlike some bird-brain politicians and ask unanimous consent that ·there be bemused commentators on the Russian scene, printed in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD WELKER has never swallowed· the theory of EXTENSION OF REMARKS "getting along with the Communists." He OF a very interesting article on our esteemed says: "I would sooner pick up a rattlesnake colleague from Idaho [Mr. WELKER], from the Idaho sagebrush and embrace it HON. CLYDE DOYLE which was published in the July issue of than I would embrace the belief of coex­ OF CALIFORNIA American Mercury. istence with the Reds." There being no objection, the article During his years on the Internal Security IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES · was ordered to be printed in th~ ,RECORD, Subcommittee, WELKER has been an aggres­ Tuesday, June 21, 1955 as follows: · sive cross-examiner of Communist witnesses and has only contempt for the comrades who Mr. DOYLE. Mr. Speaker, by reason THE SENATOR FROM Moscow (IDAHO) crawl behind the fifth amendment. "During of unanimous consent granted me here­ (By Howard Rushmore) my career as a lawyer, I defended many men, tofore so to do, I wish to present what During the censure of JoE McCARTHY, egg­ but I never had a client plead No. 5. appears to me as a most interesting and heads of the liberal press overlooked the ,Leave that to the Red rats who crawl behind significant fact in connection with the startling fact that the Senator who led the the Constitution only to plan its destruc­ tion." recent observation of Flag Day on June defense of the Wisconsin anti-Communist· 14, 1955; was a graduate of a university located in The Senator, whom Time magazine hon­ Moscow. ored by calling "a four-square McCarthyite" Mr. Speaker, it happened this way. The name's the same, but pronounced dif­ is, like Joe, a farm boy who came up the hard As I delivered a couple of my suits of ferently by the good westerners who, in 1950, -way sans finishing schools and Harvard. clothiGg to the Progressive Dry Cleaners sent HERMAN WELKER to Washington. One of eight children, he was born 49 years at Cherrydale, Va., close to our nice little Idaho is a rugged State, a stronghold of ago in Cambridge, Idaho, and worked his way home at Arlington, Va., I noted a beau­ western individualism and conservative through law Echool by herding sheep and tiful tlag of the United States on a staff political thinking. It is no coincidence that mining during vacations. He knows the out in front thereof. As I entered the WELKER asked for and received the same miners and, when elected in 1948 to the State Senate seat occupied for more than 30 years legislature, introduced and fought for a bill attractive front entrance of this par­ by William E. Borah. The late Senator has to guard the hard-rock workers from sili­ ticular establishment I noticed in the always been an idol of WELKER's and among cosis. window a large sign, approximately 18 · his most cherished letters is a recent one At the age of 23, WELKER was appointed by 24 inches on which there was neatly from Borah's widow which reads, "Every prosecut!ng attorney of Washington County and attractively printed the following: and was -reelected twice by the voters. He day I am grateful that we had you to IN COOPERATION WITH THE AMERICAN LEGION, represent our Idaho." then launched his own law practice and be­ came one of Idaho's great trial lawyers. To AMERICAN FLAGS CLEANED WITHOUT CHARGE, WELKER also represents a large segment of JUNE 1-12, FOR FLAG DAY, JUNE 14 the American people to whom nationalism get around his massive State, WELKER isn't an ugly word. Many patriotic organiza­ bought a plane and learned to fiy. It is still SPEAK UP FOR AMERICA-_INSURE NEW GLORY tions have honored the Idaho Senator for his one of his hobbies and he's logged more than FOR OLD GLORY unequivocal fight against the Communists 3,000 hours. "So proudly stand you straighter and their camp followers, the Socialists, New "It's a quick way of getting around," he Lift eyes and spirits high; Dealers, and one-worlders. He's in constant says, "and you sure get a good view of -See the emblem of your Freedom _demand as a speaker by unreconstructed Re­ Idaho." See Old Glory passing by." publicans from coast to coast; yet on his When World War II came, WELKER was -Ernest Todd. office wall is a photograph with the inscrip­ offered a commission as an Army lawyer, but Flag Day, June 14, is the day set aside each tion, "With devoted friendship, from HARRY he turned it down and enlisted as an Air year for Americans to honor their fiag. At F. BYRD." Corps private. A training accident sent him home, at sea, in far corners of the world, To WELKER, the fight for America cuts to the hospital for 3 months and he was civilians and members of our Armed Forces across party lines. He has only warm praise honorably discharged. Then came his one will play their respects to Old Glory. for JAMm:; EASTLAND, the Mississippi Senator term in the State Capitol and his subsequent This year, it is more fitting than ever that who chairs the Internal Security Subcom­ election to the Senate. we do so. In many parts of the world free­ mittee, of which the Idaho lawmaker is a A handsome, ·driving sort of guy, WELKER dom today, is but a catchword, an ideal member. still demonstrates the catlike physical quick­ trampled under the heels of men who hate "Senator EASTLAND has been a real bulwark ness that made him an outstanding baseball its very meaning. on our committee," WEI.KER says. "And for player during his youth. He still spends his But in these United States, and in those the past 2 years every report-was signed by spare time scouting all over Idaho. Several parts of the world where it flies, the Stars all Democrats and Republicans and I hope of his finds have wound up ill major-league and Stripes still tells its own story to all men and trust this unanimous united front uniforms. "Never saw a ball player who was who would walk upright--in freedom. ~.gainst the enemies of our Nation will con­ a Communist," says the Senator. Here, it proudly proclaims, is the symbol tinue." In Washington, he's a man who earns his of a glorious ideal that founded a new Na­ As an illustration of WELKER's typically pay. Usually heading one task force of the tion. It flies because oppressed men sought western characteristic of honesty before subcommittee, WELKER is also active in three freedom-in the right to speak boldly with­ partisanship, he was the only one of the 22 other divisions of the Judiciary_ Committee. out fear-to vote at the dictates of their Senators who voted against McCARTHY'S He's not a cocktail partygoer and lives quietly minds-to worship in the manner of their censureship to criticize President Eisenhower with his wife, Gladys, and. his daughter, choice-and were willing to die for their when the latter praised Utah's ARTHUR WAT­ Nancy, in a home near that of Vice President beliefs. KINS following the vote. "I hardly think," NIXON. At Valley Forge, at Chateau-Thierry and WELKER told the press, "it is necessary for This same home was stoned and several at Iwo Jima-wherever down through the the Chief Executive to be warmly congratu­ windows broken during WELKER's defense of years the need has arisen-Americans have lating anyone." McCARTHY. "The rats did it while I was said "I die but It lives." A few weeks later, WELKER was leading the away," the Senator says. "They knew all Small wonder, then, that we as Americans, fight in the Senate for passage of Mr. Eisen­ they might hurt was my wife and my 12- set one day aside as Flag Day. But in the hower's Formosan resolution. Friends who year-old daughter." expression of our respect let us fly worthy know the Idaho salon will say there was WELKER's activities as an aggressive anti­ of the ideals for which Old Glory stands. nothing erratic in this. Herman thought communist, long before the censure vote, Flag etiquette, the rules which have been the President was wrong on McCARTHY and stamped him as a foe of the American-last formulated over the years for proper dis­ said so. On Formosa, he thought Ike was outfits. Undoubtedly Idaho will be flooded play of the flag, forbids the flying of a flag right." with "Herman must go" forces in 1956 when that is tattered or torn. Flags that have ·while praising Mr. Eisenhower in a Lin­ he comes up for reelection. WELKER ignores achieved this condition should be destroyed coln Day speech in San Diego, WELKER told such threats and those who know him well by burning. 8910 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 21 Tradition also says that it is improper Unveiling of Statue of Chief Justice had turned from States right to na­ to fiy a soiled fiag-it should be restored, tionalism, the other half equally strongly preferably by dry cleaning. Edward Douglass Whit~ insisted that he was a reactionary advo­ It is for this reason that the dry cleaners cate of dual federalism. Yet, if his de­ listed below have ·offered their services to their fellow citizens. EXTENSION OF REMARKS cisions are examined closely, it will be Help to insure new glory for Old Glory. OF seen that his balancing of interests be­ Bring in your fiag today. Speak up for tween the power of the :states and the America with the Stars and Stripes on Flag HON.GEORGES.LONG power of the Federal Government par­ Day, June 14. OF LOUISIANA alleled that of the greatest men of the So, I naturally asked to see the man­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES South, among whom must be reckoned in ager and complimented him and his staff Tuesday, June 21, 1955 the first rank George Washington, of upon what I had seen and read in their Virginia, who recognized that the very Mr. LONG. Mr. Speaker, on Friday, existence of the country required a cen­ shop windows. I learned he was a dis­ the 17th of June 1955, the statue of Chief tinguished member of the American tral power and whose interest led to the Justice Edward Douglass White, a native Constitutional Convention. In serving Legion and he cordially delivered to me of the State of Louisiana, was unveiled for my inspection a .copy of the follow­ his State and in serving the Federal in Statuary Hall of the United States Government, Edward Douglass White ing communication which he had re­ Capitol in Washington, D. C. Chief Jus­ ceived from the drycleaners of America. was but following in the footsteps of his tice White was one of Louisiana's most grandfather, Dr. James White, a member IMPORTANT illustrious sons. The South gave trib­ of the Continental Congress from what (Please give to your local paper for release. ute to one of its greatest men and the is now Tennessee but was then the west­ on or after June 1, 1955) whole United States is taking note of a ern frontier of North Carolina, who Drycleaners of America were asked today Chief Justice of the United States Su­ wrote in 1788 to Gov. Richard Caswell, to join in a nationwide drive in which all preme Court whose contributions to the of North Carolina: American fiags would be cleaned without growth of the Nation are of the highest charge in return for the owners' promise to I am writing to Your Excellency at a time display the colors on Flag Day, June 14. order. that all minds, and all conversations are The appeal was made jointly by Com­ The very facts of Edward Douglass turned toward the interesting question of mander Seaborn Collins, of the American White's life placed him in the center of changing the Federal system • • • as those Legion, and the National Institute of Dry­ our Nation's history. Within his own who have been the most conversant with cleaning. days he ·spanned three different eras of the subject appear to me to be the most Window posters identifying drycleaning existence in our country. When he was convinced of the necessity of an efficient stores as participating in the program have born in 1845 in Thibodaux, La., as son Federal Government. • • • Whatever may been provided to all such establiShments by of the owner of one of the largest sugar be our wish in theory, we find in practice, the Detrex Corporation of Detroit, a lead­ by our own example, that States in confed­ ing manufacturer of drycleaning equipment. plantations in LaFourche Parish, he en­ eracy, like individuals in society, must part Post Comander ------urges everyone tered into the period of the old, rich, with some of their privileges for the preser­ 1n ------(name of town) to make sure plantation days that existed in Louisiana vation of the rest. .they "show their true colors-a bright and before the War Between the States. His sparkling red, white, and blue." family circle was distinguished. His Edward Douglass White served his father had been Governor of Louisiana, State well. He was elected to the Loui­ I am sure, Mr. Speaker, and my dis­ siana State Senate in 1874 and was ap­ tinguished colleagues, one and all of us and his mother was a Ringgold of Mary­ land, whose family name is among those pointed from there to the Louisiana Su­ desire to compliment the American of the heroes mentioned in My Mary­ preme Court in 1878. His tenure there Legion on this forthright and positively land. His knowledge of the second pe­ was brief, due to a constitutional amend­ constructive and patriotic endeavor, and riod of our Nation's history began in ment engineered· by the opposing politi- in like manner compliment the dry­ 1861 when he abruptly ended his school­ . cal party which limited his term to 15 cleaners of America who cooperated with days at Georgetown College and volun­ months. This bitter rivalry between op­ the American Legion in this patriotic teered for service in the Confederate posing factions arose from the deep­ endeavor and action. Army at the age of 16. During the war seated question of the Louisiana lottery This endeavor, Mr. Speaker, is worthy he served as an enlisted man and as a which White had always opposed. In of consideration by all American mer­ lieutenant on the staff of General Beall. 1888, after several years in private prac­ chants in the forthcoming observation In 1863 he was taken prisoner in a battle tice, he returned to politics as campaign of Flag Day on June 14, 1956. · just below Vicksburg. The privations manager for Governor Nicholls, who op­ that followed his capture had a marked posed the lottery. It was a fierce contest, effect on his. health. After the war he but Nicholls and those supporting him studied law in the office of one of the won, and White was elected to the United Bananas on Pikes Peak? great civilians of Louisiana, Edward Ber­ States Senate by, the new legislature for mudez, and in 1868 he was admitted to the term to begin on March 4, 1891. EXTENSION OF REMARKS the Louisiana bar. Thereafter, his early Meanwhile the United States Govern­ OF political life which paralleled his rise to ment had taken a hand in the lottery preeminence at the bar knew· the harsh scandal by making it f:t criminal act to HON. CRAIG HOSMER tumult of the Reconstruction, and the send lottery tickets through the mail. OF CALIFORNIA efforts of the citizens of Louisiana to re­ When White came to Washington to take IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES store orderly government to the State. his seat several criminal prosecutions He entered into the full tide of the third were in progress under this law. The Tuesday, June 21, 1955 period, when after his appointment as Attorney General consulted him on the Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, the Con­ an Associate Justice of the Supreme dismissal of several of these suits in Lou­ gress might as well appropriate money Court in 1894, he aided in inaugurating isiana and it is characteristic of him that t c grow bananas on Pikes Peak as to the new federalism of the 20th century he should feel their dismissal was the approve the Smith Fork irrigation proj- with his wise and profound decisions, preferable thing to do, on the ground . ect in Colorado. particularly in; those cases arising under that the "struggle is terminated and The Smith Fork project is a part of the interstate commerce clause, and in ended. To press the prosecution further the proposed multi-billion-dollar upper his championship of unpopular issues would not redound to the benefit of the Colorado River project. such as the Federal income tax. public service." Many years later, in The cost to the Nation's taxpayers of Familiar though he was with all these 1915, when he was Chief Justice, this for­ the Smith Fork project would be $1,800 divergent eras, with their claim and mer Confederate soldier, in construing an acre. counterclaim of State and Federal right, one of the post-Civil War amendments The project would grow agricultural he himself was truly within the purest in Guinn against United States, ex­ products now supported by the taxpayers traditions of our Nation. This is readily hibited the same attitude. The issue had and in great surplus. Among these are evidenced by the fact that while half been settled so far as he was concerned, grains and dairy prodl.4cts. his critics complained loudly that White and. it would be disruptive of the public 1955 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 8911 good to allow the "Oklahoma grand­ ing opinions. During his servic·e as the Yudain for conceiving the idea of pub­ father clause" prohibition on voting to Chief Justice he also bore the burden of lishing a Capitol Hill newspaper. subvert the very essence of the suprem­ the administrative details of the Court. The first edition of Roll Call was well acy of the Constitution and its amend­ His kindness and forbearance was mem­ received. It had the touch of the old ments and thus the whole good of the orable, and he added to the quiet dignity hometown paper. Washington editors United States. of the Court with the introduction of a take heed-Yudain is on the march. His White was appointed an Associate formal method of greeting each morn­ Roll Call is one no Member of Congress Justice of the Supreme Court by Presi­ ing. When all the Justices had donned need miss, and, like the best things in · dent Cleveland in 1894 and was elevated their gowns in the robing room, Chief life, it'.3 free. to the position of Chief Justice by Presi­ Justice White would step to the center dent Taft in 1910. He has the unique and greet each one in order of seniority distinction of being the first Associate with a firm handshake and an affable Justice who attained to the eminence of good morning. Patriotism Chief Justice. His career on the Su­ Chief Justice White was a credit to preme Court bench covered 27 years the old civil law of Louisiana-one of EXTENSION OF REMARKS altogether, second only to Marshall's up whom it was said in New Orleans that OF to that time. His tenure was during a he was not merely a learned civilian but time of rapid social and economic change a veritable jurisconsult. He was con­ HON. HOMER E. CAPEHART in the country, an era which also showed versant in English, Spanish, French, and OF INDIANA an increasing reliance on the ·Federal Latin, and knew them not only as speak­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES ing languages but had consulted their Government to solve the attendant Tuesday, June 21, 1955 problems. legal works in the original. During his There are three fields in which White's young manhood in New Orleans, in order Mr. CAPEHART. Mr. President, I ask forward-looking thinking gave direction to prepare himself for practice before unanimous consent to have printed in to American law. These are the fields ·the Federal courts, he became equally the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD an address of administrative law, interpretations learned in the common law. This ac­ delivered by the Honorable John Foster under the antitrust acts, and the Federal cumulation of wisdom he brought to the Dulles, Secretary of State, at the bacca­ income tax. Supreme Court. He also brought a mind laureate ceremony of the University of Justice White came to the Supreme unbiased by the passions of the war in Indiana, Bloomington, Ind., Sunday, Court bench during the years when ad­ whicl: he fought, an earnest considera­ June 12, 1955. ministrative rulings under the Interstate tion of every problem that came before There being no objection, the address Commerce Act were first coming up be­ him, and a logic and honesty that com­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, fore the Court for interpretation. Be­ pelleJ him to try to balance the extremes as follows: ginning with the East Tennessee, Vir­ represented by the contending parties PATRIOTISM ginia and Georgia Railway decision in before him. The State of Louisiana is (Address by the Honorable John Foster 1901, he steadfastly maintained the prourl to confess its debt to Chief Justice Dulles, Secretary of State, at the bacca­ Edward Douglass White for the luster laureate ceremony of the University of power of Congress to set up administra­ Indiana, Bloomington, Ind., June 12, 1955) tive agencies, provided proper limits to he has shed upon it and to dedicate this statue to him. It is indeed a great privilege for me to their authority were embodied in the law. be here and to have the opportunity of talk­ One of the most notable decisions in this ing with you on an occasion which for me field was Oceanic Steam Navigation is full of sentiment. It was just 100 years ago Company against Stranahan-1909- Bananas on Pikes Peak? that my grandfather, John W. Foster, was which permitted administrative officers graduat.ed from this university. It was just 50 years ago that he received from this uni­ to impose penalties set by Congress. In EXTENSION .OF REMARKS versity the honorary degree which, I under­ the child-labor and narcotics law cases OF stand, the university plans to confer upon me which to him required the use of a power tomorrow. My grandfather, whose name I embodied in the Constitution to accom­ HON. CRAIG HOSMER bear, exerted a great influence over my life plish a regulatory effect not specifically OF CALIFORNIA and he had ideals and purposes which I have denominated in the power, he dissented, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tried to make my own. He was a deeply patriotic American. He for he did not believe the Federal Gov­ Tuesday, June 21, 1955 ernment had the right to assume the belonged to-the period which saw this coun­ police powers of the several States for Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, the Con­ try rapidly developing from a small Atlantic gress might as weil appropriate money coast group into a Nation that spread across social welfare purposes. the continent. He fought to preserve the Beginning with the dissent in the to grow bananas on Pikes Peak as to Union; and then on diplomatic missions and Trans-Missouri Freight Association case approve the Emery irrigation project as Secretary of State he helped to spread the in 1897 and continuing through the in Utah. influence of this Nation throughout the Northern Securities Co. case in 1903 The Emery project is a part of the pro­ world both in Europe and in Asia. until he wrote the majority opinion in posed multibillion-dollar upper Colorado He deeply revered his forebears, who had the Standard Oil and American Tobacco River project. been pioneers in settling this part of our Co. cases in 1911, he carefully developed The cost to the Nation's taxpayers of Nation. He wrote a private booklet in­ be scribed "Don't Let the Little Ones Forget," the "rule of reason" in determining the Emery project would $2,200 an in which he told for his descendants the whether contracts were in restraint of acre. story of his own forebears, his grandfather, trade under the Sherman Antitrust Act. The project would produce agricul­ my great, great grandfather, on whose grave Finally, with respect to the income tax, tural products now supported by the tax­ I laid a wreath today, and his father. it may be stated that Chief Justice White payers and in great surplus. Among To me that story has symbolized the spirit never permitted economic theory to these are grains, dairy products, and of our Nation. I vividly recall being told of wool. how my great grandfather, as a young boy of dominate his views of constitutional law. 17, had struck out into the West to get away In the Pollock case <1895) he stood for from what seemed to him the overpopulated the historic definition of the fathers of East. After a foot voyage of exploration, he the country as to direct taxes rather Roll Call had fixed upon a forest tract in southern than accept the definition given by the Indiana, as a future homestead. He then economists in 1895. EXTENSION OF REMARKS brought his aged parents-his father was OF then 79 years old-from the East to settle The work he accomplished was enor­ here and gained a livelihood by hunting and mous. During his incumbency on the HON. WILLIAM H. AYRES by cutting hickory for hogshead hoops and Supreme Court bench the Court disposed OF OHIO floating them on a raft down the Ohio and of, in one way or another, more than Mississippi Rivers to New Orleans, where IN THE HOUSE or REPRESENTATIVES 14,000 cases and rendered opinions in hogsheads were needed for molasses. Then Tuesday, June 21, 1955 he would walk back through the 1,200 miles more than 7 ,000. Chief Justice White of dangerous trails from New Orleans to his wrote about 700 opinions for the Court, Mr. AYRES. Mr. Speaker, I wish to log-cabin home here in Indiana. Finally, he 10 concurring opinions, and 33 dissent- add my congratulations to Sidney L. became a farmer, a merchant, and then a 8912 CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD -HOUSE June 21 judge,- in the growing community he had the two -indispensable supports of a free so­ la:rger- world; are spirited, -not -selftsti nor helped to create. ciety. "In vain," he said, "would that man fearful. Our religious heritage and our na­ _ That spirit of enterprise, that vision, that claim the tribute of patriotism, who should tional traditions are not forgotten. As we industry, and · that· rugged independence labor to subvert these great pillars of human are faithful to their guidance, we can have have been chara'Cteristic of our Nation. happiness, these firmest props of the duties the satisfaction which comes to those who, in There are indeed few Americans who cannot cf men and citizens." Indeed, a society which fellowship, a.re- embal'ked -on the great ad­ find in their family history similar. stories ls not religious cannot tolerate much free­ venture of building peacefully a Nation and of those who risked much -and endured much dom. It is dangerous to give freedom to -a world of hmnan liberty and justice. to bring a dream into reality. It is those those who do not feel under moral compul­ qualities which within the short span of 150 sion to exercise self-control and who are un­ years have brought our people from national ·.willing to make sacrifices for the good of infancy into -forming the greatest nation on others. Delaware River Deeper Channel Project earth. It results that true patriotism, whicll Given the Go-Ahead Signal by Bureau In some quarters there has developed a vitalizes liberty and freedom for ourselves, tendency to scorn patriotism. Indeed, there can never be a purely selfish force. That has of Budget and Approval of President are a few who find-patriotism unfashionable been ever eviaent so far as our Nation was Eisenhower- · and who go so far as to assume that institu­ concerned. Our people have always been tions and ideas are better if only they bear endowed with a sense of mission in the world. a foreign label. Also, there is a theory that They have believed that it was their duty to EXTENSION OF RE:tvfARKS help men everywhere to get the opportunity this mood is necessary if we are to develop OF international institutions and maintain in­ to be and to do ·what God designed. They ternational peace. saw a great prospect and were filled with a HON. CHARLES A. WOLVERTON · -It seems to me that love of country is one great purpose. As said in the opening para­ of the great and indispensable virtues. No ·graph of the Federalist Papers, "It seems to OF NEW JERSEY community is weaker because the members have been reserved to the people of this coun­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the families which miike. it up-the try, by their conduct an: __ example, to de­ Tuesday, ·June 21; ·1955 mother, the father, the sons, the daughters, cide whether societies of men are capable the brothers, and sisters-are bound together of establishing good government." "Fail­ Mr. WOLVERTON. Mr. Speaker, it by distinctive ties of love, respect, and ad­ ure on their part,'' it continues, would be is most gratifying to learn that the miration. So I am convinced that the fam­ "the general misfortune of mankind." Bureau of the Budget and the President ·ny of nations will not be the poorer or the Under the impulsion of that faith, there more fragile because the peoples who form developed here an area of spiritual, intellec­ approved an item of $6 million to initiate the different nations have a special affection tual, and economic vigor, the like of which dredging and rock removal in a section and pride for their own people and for the the world had never seen. It was no ex­ of the Delaware River and for replace­ nation they form. clusive preserve; indeed, sharing was the ment of the Delair Bridge. · This· is part I recall that St. Paul took great pride, central theme. Millions were welcomed of the general project of deepening the which he did not attempt to conceal, in the here from other lands, all to share equally Delaware River channel between Phil­ achievements of his own people. To me, one the opportunities of the founders and their . adelphia, Pa., and Trenton, N. J., in of the most inspiring chapters in · the Bible heirs. Through missionary activities and ·accordance with the authorization con- is the 11th chapter of Hebrews where St. the establishment of schools and colleges Paul recalls, in epic words, the great deeds abroad, American ideals were carried tained in the River and Harbor Act of which had been wrought through faith by throughout the· world. Our Government 1954. national heroes-men and women. ' .gave aid and comfort to those elsewhere who As has been generally known, an ap­ Recently I was asked to open an exhibit sought to increase human freedom. propriation up to this line has been with­ of the oldest known print of the Bible, in These have been the characteristics of our held. This was because the Bureau of the Aramaic language, and in that connec­ Nation since its foundation and those char­ the Budget insisted that there should be tion to select one of my favorite verses. I acteristics have persisted. They today a local participation in meeting the' cost selected that portion of the epistle to the make our Nation the leader in the struggle Hebrews where St. Paul, after the historical to maintain liberty in the world. I believe of the project by certain interests that recital to which I allude, concludes by say­ we can say that in these times, when despot­ would be benefited by a deepening of ing, "Seeing that we are compassed about ism menaces as never before, our Nation is the ·channel. This was a new principle by so great a cloud of witnesses, let us run playing a part worthy of our forebears and to be applied to river and harbor im­ with endurance the race that is set before is imbued with the spirit of those who provements. It had never been applied us." founded our Republic. We have availed of to any similar project in .all the years of If it was appropriate for St. Paul to enter- every opportunity, whether it be through the past history of our Nation. It was . tain those sentiments, I think it is equally the United Nations or through mutual se­ appropriate for· us. We, too, of our Nation curity associations with other free nations, · opposed on principle, and furthermore, can look back with pride to the great figures to make our influence felt in support of because there was no general legislation which our Nation has produced, who through freedom. We have, as a matter of enlighten­ making local participation in the costs faith wrought much. ed self-interest, contributed largely out of a policy of our Government. It was Surely, we, too, can feel that we are com­ our vast productivity to others who, if left therefore argued that i.t should not ap­ passed about by a great cloud of witnesses alone, could not sustain the freedom and ply to the Delaware River ·until there who are observing our conduct and who by independence for which they -yearn. had been congressi'Jnal action adopting their spirit seek to inspire us to carry for­ All of that is in the American tradition. it as a policy applicable to all river and ward the great national and international We can be happy that that tradition thrives tasks to which they dedicated their lives and and is vigorous and we can take pride in the harbor improvement projects. to which they committed our Nation by their fact that, inspired by our founders who saw It is now gratifying to learn, following strivings and by their faith. a great vision, we are indeed with stead­ a conference between the United States Our national course has to a unique de­ fastness pursuing the course upon which Senators from Pennsylvania and New gree been shaped by religious beliefs. Our they embarked us. Jersey, and interested Members of Con­ people have in the main been God-fearing There come times in the life of peoples gress from those States, what the Bu­ people. They believed in moral principles when their work of creation ends. It is reau of the Budget has recognized the derived from a source above us. They were easy to diagnose the symptoms of that na­ dedicated to human liberty because they tional decadence. It is seen when a peo­ merit of the arguments advanced for believed that men.had been endowed by their ple lose their sense of mission in the world, deeping the upper channel without re­ Creator with inalienable rights. So, they when they think only of themselves, when quiring local ·participation in the cost provided that those rights must at all times they forget the Biblical injunction that, al­ until a uniform policy has been adopted be respected, assuring the sovereignty of the though we have different offices, we are all and made applicable to all similar proj­ individual against the dictatorship. of the members one of another and that those who ects. It is equally gratifying that Presi­ state. They were confident that the human are strong ought to bear the infirmities of dent Eisenhower concurs in -this view­ liberty they thus assured would not be ex­ the weak. No one, be he individual or na­ point. ercised .recklessly and in disregard .of fellow tion, is truly great who does not have the men because they were confident that our will and the capacity to help others or who The correspondence relating to the citizens would obey the moral law which is without a sense of mission. matter is -herewith included as a part prescribes the Ten Commandments of the We can take pride in our Nation because of our remarks. It reads as follows: · Old Testament and the two great Command­ since the day of its creation, and with but Ex.ECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT, ments of the New Testament, "Thou shalt few lapses, its purposes have been large and 'BUREAU OP THE BUDGET, love thy neighbor as thyself" and "Whatso­ its goals have been humane. We can· re­ Washington, D. C., June 29, 1955. · ever ye would that men would do to you, joice that that spirit animates our Nation The PRESIDENT, · ~o you even so to. them." today, and makes us still young, still vital The White House. _ As George Washington pointed out in his and still capable of great endeavor. Our SIR: I have the honor to submit herewith ...Farewell Address, religion and morality- are . youth, such as y-0u who now enter into the for your consideration proposed supplemen- 1955 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 8913 tal appropriations for the fiscal year 1956 tion of this project. We have in mind the mental appropriations be transmitted to the in the amount of $12,300,000 for the De­ ~!llportance of. the Delaware River channel, Congress. partment of Defense, civil functions, as not only to the continued economic develop­ Respectfully yours, follows: ment of the area but also to the Nation as ROWLAND HUGHES, Department of Defense, civil functions; a whole. Furthermore, local in.terests in the D i rector of the Bureau of the Budget. Department of the Army, rivers and harbors Delaware port area have made substantial and :flood control, construction, general: For investments in related harbor and terminal an additional an1ount for "Construction, facilities to which an improved waterway is THE WHITE HOUSE, general," $6 million, to remain available essential. Washington, June 29, 1955. until expended. Initiation of work on the Delaware River THE PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE. The budget document for fiscal year 1956 does not change the basic objectiye of de\'el­ SIR: I have the honor to transmit here­ included an item under the heading "Pro­ oping a satisfactory means for obtaining local with for the consideration of the Congress posed for later transmission," for the init ia­ contributions toward the cost of water devel­ proposed supplemen,tal appropriations for the fiscal year 1956 in the amount of $12,- tion of the dredging of the authorized 40- opment projects in line with the partnership 300,000 for the Department of Defense-civil foot channel in the Delaware River between policy of this administration, which would apply to the Delaware as well as other Functions. Philadelphia, Pa., and Trenton, N. J., con­ The details of these proposed appropria­ tingent upon reaching agreement with local projects. Federal contributions to partnership proj­ tions, the necessity therefor, and the reasons interests on adequate cost sharing in some for their submission at this time are set form. ects · For payment of contributions by the United States for :flood storage in the Mark­ further in the attached letter from the Di­ This project was ·authorized by the River rector of the Bureau of the Budget, with and Harbor Act of 1954, and is presently ham Ferry project, as authorized by the act . of July 6, 1954 '(68 Stat. 450), $6,300,000, to whose comments and observations thereon I estimated by the Corps of Engineers to concur. cost $95,100,000. The amount of $6 million remain available until expended. :;I'he 1956 budget message states that pro­ Respectfully yours, is necessary to initiate dredging and rock DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER. removal in the section of the channel be­ vision will be made for cooperation in au­ tween Pennypacker Creek, Pa., and Delanco, thorized partnership projects such as the N. J ., and to initiate action toward replace­ Markham Ferry project in Oklahoma. This ment of the Delair Bridge. project, under the terms of the authorization contained in Public Law 476, approved July 6, Bananas on Pikes Peak? . Substantial benefits are derived by indi­ 1954, will be constructed for hydroelectric vidual users of our waterways. The demand power production and :flood control in accord­ of many sections of the country for water­ ance with the terms of the Federal Power EXTENSION OF REMARKS resources projects, involving large sums of Act, by the Grand River Dam Authority, OF money, focuses attention on the need for an instrumentality of the State of Okla­ developing suitable arrangements to enable homa. The project will involve a total cost the beneficiaries to meet their fair share of HON. CRAIG HOSMER of about $25 million, of which not to exceed OF CALIFORNIA the cost and to ease the burden on the $6,500,000 is authorized to be contributed general taxpayers of the Nation which re­ t,y the United States for :flood-control stor­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sults whenever an inordinate financial bur­ age in the reservoir. This authorized Fed­ Tuesday, June 21, 1955 den involved in such projects is imposed on eral payment will be reduced by an amount the Federal Government. These arrange­ for certain lands to be conveyed to the Grand Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, the Con­ ments should be consistent with an equitable River Dam Authority by the United States, gress might as well appropriate money general policy for sharing the cost of essen­ presently estimated at $200,000. to grow bananas on Pike's Peak as to ap­ tial water-resources projects. We have been On June 22, 1955, the Federal Power Com­ prove the Hammond irrigation project in faced with the problem of developing a mission issued a license to the Grand River method which would be equitable with re­ Dam Authority to construct the Markham New Mexico. spect to the Delaware River project and yet. Ferry project (FPC Project No. 2183). The The Hammond project is a part of the would not discrimil)ate against this project full amount of $6,300,000 .is required to be proposed multibillion dollar upper Colo­ in relation to other water-resources proj­ appropriated at this time in order to enable rado River project. ects. However, considerable time and effort the Authority to sell revenue bonds to fi­ The cost to the Nation's taxpayers of will be required to develop a consistent over­ nance its part of tne cost of construction. the Hammond project would be $3,800 all policy and to work out arrangements for The appropriated funds will be administered an acre. its application to individual projects. by the Chief of Engineers, and transferred Under the circumstances, and since no . periodically to the Authority in amounts The project would produce agricul­ satisfactory proposal for bringing about an commensurate with the construction work tural products now supported by the tax­ equitable sharing of the cost of the Delaware completed by the Authority. payers and in great surplus. Among as a separate project has been found, it In view of the above considerations, I rec­ these are grains, beans, dairy products, -v •• >Uld seem fair not to further delay initia- ommend that the foregoing proposed supple- and wool.

us hope which rises above frustration, S. 654. An act to amend the Servicemen's SENATE patience which will bear the strain of Readjustment Act of 1944 to extend the waiting, good will which cannot be dis­ authority of the Administrator of Veterans' WEDNESDAY, JUNE 22, 1955 couraged even by duplicity, and forgive­ Affairs to make direct loans, and to author­ ize the Administrator to make additional The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown ness for those who repent as we ourselves types of direct loans thereunder, and for Harris, D. D., ofiered the following ask to be forgiven: In the Redeemer's other purposes; and prayer: name. Amen. S. 1419. An act to lower the age require­ ments ·with respect to optional retirement o Thou whose throne is truth, frail of persons serving in the Coast Guard who creatures of dust serving out our brief THE JOURNAL served in the former Lighthouse Service. · day on the world's vast stage, we would set our little lives in the midst of Thine On request of Mr. JOHNSON of Texas, eternity and feel about us Thy greatness and by unanimous consent, the reading REPORT OF NATIONAL ADVISORY and Thy peace. Like flowers in June of the Journal of the proceedings of Tuesday, June 21, 1955, was dispensed COUNCIL ON INTERNATIONAL gardens uplifted to the sun, like still MONETARY ANDFINANCIALPROB­ waters that mirror the eternal stars, so with. we would lift our yearning souls to Thee, LEMS-MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT