Remember the Advice from Our Senior Pastor: 목사님의 권고사항

Genesis Chapter 36, The Generations of Esau, © IIBC, 19 April 2020, by I.M. Achristian

Remember the advice from our Senior Pastor: 목사님의 권고사항

1 For further details: Ref: file:///C:/Documents/Sermons/Missions/2020-02- 23_The_Age_of_Pestilences%20(1).pdf

All Scripture taken from the King James Version (via e-sword, reference (Ref:), www.e-sword.net ) and/or the Korean King James Version ((KKJV), ref: http://www.keepbible.com ). All word definitions are from Strong’s Concordance, via e-sword. Sometimes, large quotes are taken from reference books inside of e-Sword and placed into the Background Notes. These notes are provided to give context to terms or issues that the speaker is preaching and teaching on. Generally, sermons are posted later on the IIBC website. When you refer to https://iibckorea.com/sermon- archive/ you can download selected sermons for review. We encourage IIBC members to pray for three impossible things, for three minutes every day. What is impossible in your life? Have you asked God about it yet in prayer?

Matthew 21:22 And all things, whatsoever ye shall ask in prayer, believing, ye shall receive. 22 너희가 믿고 기도할 때에 무엇을 구하든지 모든 것을 받으리라, 하시니라.

Have you ever tried reading your Bible through in one year? God will bless you if you give His entire Word a read?

Genealogies are in the Bible for a reason. It is our job to search them out. 1

Genesis Chapter 36, The Generations of Esau, © IIBC, 19 April 2020, by I.M. Achristian

Pray:

Our Senior Pastor, Dr. Hann Tchah has been doing ‘double duty’ during this period. 차한 목사님께서는 이 시기에 두 배의 일을 하고 계십니다.

Pray for him, and pray for everlasting results. 목사님과, 영원한 결과를 위해 기도하십시오.

The virus situation has opened up some opportunities at IIBC. 바이러스 사태는 IIBC 에 새로운 기회를 열어주었습니다.

My wife and I have been helping at IIBC for just around two years. 제 아내와 저는 2 년 동안 IIBC 를 돕고 있습니다.

Genealogies are in the Bible for a reason. It is our job to search them out. 2

Genesis Chapter 36, The Generations of Esau, © IIBC, 19 April 2020, by I.M. Achristian

For two years we have enjoyed and learned from Bro. Berne as he teaches on Wednesday evenings. 2 년 동안 우리는 매 주 수요일 저녁에 성경공부를 인도하는 번 형제로부터 배우며 기쁨을 누렸습니다.

I have asked him to give us a slide that describes how we can join him virtually during these meetings. 저는 그에게 그 성경공부에 온라인으로 참여하는 방법을 설명하는 슬라이드를 제공해 달라고 요청했습니다.

Essentially it simply involves signing up with Skype [Free] and then joining him at 8 PM on Wed eve at the IIBC Wednesday Evening Meeting account. 핵심만 말씀 드리면 스카이프 무료계정을 만들고 로그인 해서, 번 형제의 ID 를 추가하고, 그에게 메시지를 보내면, 그가 여러분을 수요일 저녁 8 시에 스카이프 미팅에 초대하고, 여러분이 수락하면 미팅에 참여할 수 있습니다.

So, regardless of how far you live from the Dream City Building, you can still worship and learn the Word of God in English, on Wednesday evenings. 드림시티에서 아무리 먼 곳에 사시더라도, 여러분은 수요일 저녁에 주님을 경배하며 하나님의 말씀을 배울 수 있습니다.

There may be opportunity for Korean translation [text/and or simultaneous] if the need arises. 필요가 있다면, 한글 통역에 제공될 수도 있을 것입니다.

Genealogies are in the Bible for a reason. It is our job to search them out. 3

Genesis Chapter 36, The Generations of Esau, © IIBC, 19 April 2020, by I.M. Achristian

So, get those accounts and join us on Wednesday evenings. 그러므로 스카이프 계정을 만들고 수요일 저녁에 참가하십시오.

We return to Genesis Chapter 36 this morning. 오늘 아침에는 창세기로 돌아가서 36 장에 대한 강해설교를 계속하겠습니다.

1 Now these [are] the generations of Esau, who [is] Edom. 2 1 이제 에서 곧 에돔의 세대들은 이러하니라.

This is a chapter in the Bible that many read at ‘high speed’. 이 장은 많은 사람들이 고속으로 읽는 장입니다.

Why is that? 왜 그럴까요?

,tôledâh tôledâh to-led-aw', to-led-aw'’From H3205; (plural only) descentתֹּלְדָ ה תֹולְדָ ה Generations: H8435 2 that is, family; (figuratively) history: - birth, generations. Total KJV occurrences: 39 ĕdôm 'ĕdôm ed-ome', ed-ome'’From H122; red (see Gen_25:25); Edom, the elder'אֱ דֹום אֱ דֹם Edom: H123 twin-brother of Jacob; hence the region (Idumaea) occuped by him: - Edom, Edomites, Idumea.

Genealogies are in the Bible for a reason. It is our job to search them out. 4

Genesis Chapter 36, The Generations of Esau, © IIBC, 19 April 2020, by I.M. Achristian

Perhaps, they get bored with the genealogies, I guess. 아마도 가계도를 읽는 것이 지루하기 때문일 것이라고 추측합니다.

Perhaps, they don’t understand why these genealogical lists are in the Bible. 이런 가계도가 성경에 왜 나열되어 있는지 이해하지 못하기 때문일 것입니다.

Yet, every Word in The Word is there for a reason. 그러나, 성경의 모든 말씀에는 이유가 있습니다.

This toledoth [‘these are the generations’] is there to show ahead of time, who came from where. 이 가계도는 누가 어디에서 나왔는지를 미리 보여주기 위해 있습니다.

- Only the Jewish people, of all nations, can trace their lineage [family history] all the way back to Adam. 모든 민족들 중에서 오직 유대인들만이 그들의 혈통을 아담에 이르기까지 거슬러 올라가며 추적할 수 있습니다.

- Before, in Genesis, we have seen ‘these are the generations of’ several times. 3 창세기 앞 장에서, “…의 세대들은 이러하니라”라는 표현을 여러 번 보았습니다.

3 Gen_2:4 These are the generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were created, in the day that the LORD God made the earth and the heavens, Gen_5:1 This is the book of the generations of Adam. In the day that God created man, in the likeness of God made he him; Gen_6:9 These are the generations of Noah: Noah was a just man and perfect in his generations, and Noah walked with God. Gen_10:1 Now these are the generations of the sons of Noah, Shem, Ham, and Japheth: and unto them were sons born after the flood. Gen_11:10 These are the generations of Shem: Shem was an hundred years old, and begat Arphaxad two years after the flood: Gen_11:27 Now these are the generations of Terah: Terah begat Abram, Nahor, and Haran; and Haran begat Lot. Gen_25:12 Now these are the generations of Ishmael, Abraham's son, whom Hagar the Egyptian, Sarah's handmaid, bare unto Abraham: Gen_25:19 And these are the generations of Isaac, Abraham's son: Abraham begat Isaac: Gen_36:1 Now these are the generations of Esau, who is Edom. Gen_36:9 And these are the generations of Esau the father of the Edomites in mount Seir: Gen_37:2 These are the generations of Jacob. Joseph, being seventeen years old, was feeding the flock with his brethren; and the lad was with the sons of Bilhah, and with the sons of Zilpah, his father's wives: and Joseph

Genealogies are in the Bible for a reason. It is our job to search them out. 5

Genesis Chapter 36, The Generations of Esau, © IIBC, 19 April 2020, by I.M. Achristian

These portions of Scripture can be difficult. 이 부분들은 이해하기 어려울 수 있습니다.

Nevertheless, we’ll continue with our verse by verse exposition this morning, asking The Lord’s help, as we go through it. 그럼에도 불구하고, 오늘 아침에 주님의 도움을 구하면서 말씀을 한 구절씩 살펴보겠습니다.

2 Esau took his wives of the daughters of Canaan; Adah the daughter of Elon the Hittite, and Aholibamah the daughter of Anah the daughter of Zibeon the Hivite; 2 에서가 가나안의 딸들 중에서 헷 족속 엘론의 딸 아다와 또 히위 족속 시브온의 딸이요, 아나의 딸인 아홀리바마를 자기 아내로 취하고.

- Esau married two Canaanite girls. 에서는 두 가나안 여인과 결혼했습니다.

- They were a grief of mind to his parents. 그들의 그의 부모에게 근심이 되었습니다.

- But his father Isaac, sent Jacob to Haran to find and marry a girl from there. 하지만 그의 아버지 이삭은 야곱을 하란으로 보내 거기서 여인을 찾아 결혼하게 하였습니다.

3 And Bashemath Ishmael's daughter, sister of Nebajoth. 3 또 이스마엘의 딸이요, 느바욧의 누이인 바스맛을 취하였는데

4 And Adah bare to Esau Eliphaz; and Bashemath bare Reuel; 4 아다는 에서에게 엘리바스를 낳았고 바스맛은 르우엘을 낳았으며 brought unto his father their evil report. Num_3:1 These also are the generations of Aaron and Moses in the day that the LORD spake with Moses in mount Sinai. Jdg_3:2 Only that the generations of the children of Israel might know, to teach them war, at the least such as before knew nothing thereof; Rth_4:18 Now these are the generations of Pharez: Pharez begat Hezron, 1Ch_26:31 Among the Hebronites was Jerijah the chief, even among the Hebronites, according to the generations of his fathers. In the fortieth year of the reign of David they were sought for, and there were found among them mighty men of valour at Jazer of Gilead. Isa_51:9 Awake, awake, put on strength, O arm of the LORD; awake, as in the ancient days, in the generations of old. Art thou not it that hath cut Rahab, and wounded the dragon? 16 verses found, 16 matches

Genealogies are in the Bible for a reason. It is our job to search them out. 6

Genesis Chapter 36, The Generations of Esau, © IIBC, 19 April 2020, by I.M. Achristian

5 And Aholibamah bare Jeush, and Jaalam, and Korah: these [are] the sons of Esau, which were born unto him in the land of Canaan. 5 아홀리바마는 여우스와 얄람과 고라를 낳았더라. 이들은 에서의 아들들이요, 가나안 땅에서 그에게 태어난 자들이더라.

Korah: 4 We will see the ‘sons of Korah’ later in Scripture. 고라: 나중에 “고라의 아들들”에 대해 보게 될 것입니다.

6 And Esau took his wives, and his sons, and his daughters, and all the persons of his house, and his cattle, and all his beasts, and all his substance, which he had got in the land of Canaan; and went into the country from the face of his brother Jacob. 6 에서가 자기 아내들과 아들딸들과 자기 집의 모든 사람과 자기 가축과 모든 짐승과 가나안 땅에서 얻은 모든 재물을 이끌고 자기 동생 야곱의 얼굴로부터 떨어진 지역으로 갔으니.

Esau moved out of Canaan, when Jacob [Israel] came. The next verse gives the reason. 에서는 야곱이 돌아왔을 때, 가나안 땅에서 나갔습니다. 다음 구절은 그 이유를 알려줍니다.

7 For their riches were more than that they might dwell together; and the land wherein they were strangers could not bear them because of their cattle. 7 그들의 재물이 너무 많아서 그들이 함께 거할 수 없었더라. 또한 그들이 나그네로 거하던 땅이 그들의 가축으로 인하여 그들을 수용할 수 없었더라.

8 Thus dwelt Esau in mount Seir: Esau [is] Edom. 8 에서가 이와 같이 세일 산에 거하였는데 에서는 에돔이니라.

The Edomites’ will be Israel’s [the nation of Israel’s] enemies in the future. 에돔족속은 나중에 이스라엘[이스라엘 민족]의 적이 됩니다.

- :qôrach ko'-rakh From H7139; ice; Korach, the name of two Edomites and three Israelitesקֹּרַ ח Korah: H7141 4 Korah. Total KJV occurrences: 37

Genealogies are in the Bible for a reason. It is our job to search them out. 7

Genesis Chapter 36, The Generations of Esau, © IIBC, 19 April 2020, by I.M. Achristian

9 And these [are] the generations of Esau the father of the Edomites in mount Seir: 9¶ 세일 산에 있는 에돔 족속의 조상 에서의 세대들은 이러하니라.

10 These [are] the names of Esau's sons; Eliphaz the son of Adah the wife of Esau, Reuel the son of Bashemath the wife of Esau. 10 에서의 아들들의 이름은 이러하니라. 에서의 아내 아다의 아들은 엘리바스요, 에서의 아내 바스맛의 아들은 르우엘이며

11 And the sons of Eliphaz were Teman, Omar, Zepho, and Gatam, and Kenaz. 11 엘리바스의 아들들은 데만과 오말과 스보와 가담과 그나스요,

12 And Timna was concubine to Eliphaz Esau's son; and she bare to Eliphaz Amalek: these [were] the sons of Adah Esau's wife. 12 에서의 아들 엘리바스의 첩 딤나가 엘리바스에게 아말렉을 낳으니라. 이들은 에서의 아내 아다의 아들들이더라.

Amalek: 5 Amalek will oppose the Israelites as they march out of Israel. 아말렉: 아말렉은 이스라엘 사람들이 이스라엘 밖에서 행진할 때 이스라엘 사람들을 대적하게 됩니다.

God does not forget this. War is declared. God says He will have war with Amalek forever. 6 하나님께서는 이것을 잊지 않으십니다. 전쟁이 선포됩니다. 하나님께서는 아말렉과 영원히 전쟁을 하리라고 말씀하십니다.

13 And these [are] the sons of Reuel; Nahath, and Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah: these were the sons of Bashemath Esau's wife. 13 르우엘의 아들들은 이러하니 곧 나핫과 세라와 삼마와 밋사니라. 이들은 에서의 아내 바스맛의 아들들이더라.

ămâlêq am-aw-lake'Probably of foreign origin; Amalek, a descendant of Esau; also his‛עֲמָ לֵק Amalek: H6002 5 posterity and their country: - Amalek. Total KJV occurrences: 35

6 Compare: Exodus 17:14-16, Numbers 24: 20, and Deuteronomy 25:17.

Genealogies are in the Bible for a reason. It is our job to search them out. 8

Genesis Chapter 36, The Generations of Esau, © IIBC, 19 April 2020, by I.M. Achristian

14 And these were the sons of Aholibamah, the daughter of Anah the daughter of Zibeon, Esau's wife: and she bare to Esau Jeush, and Jaalam, and Korah. 14¶ 시브온의 딸이요, 아나의 딸로서 에서의 아내가 된 아홀리바마의 아들들은 이러하니 그녀가 에서에게 여우스와 얄람과 고라를 낳았더라.

15 These [were] dukes of the sons of Esau: the sons of Eliphaz the firstborn [son] of Esau; duke Teman, duke Omar, duke Zepho, duke Kenaz, 15¶ 에서의 아들들 중에서 추장들은 이러하니라. 에서의 맏아들 엘리바스의 아들들 중에서는 추장 데만, 추장 오말, 추장 스보, 추장 그나스,

alûph 'allûph al-loof', al-loof'’From H502; familiar; a friend, also'אַ לֻּף אַ לּוף Duke: H441 gentle; hence a bullock (as being tame; applied, although masculine, to a cow); and so a chieftain (as notable like neat cattle): - captain, duke, (chief) friend, governor, guide, ox. Total KJV occurrences: 69 듀크 – 장, 추장, 지사, 안내인, 소

16 Duke Korah, duke Gatam, [and] duke Amalek: these [are] the dukes [that came] of Eliphaz in the land of Edom; these [were] the sons of Adah. 16 추장 고라, 추장 가담, 추장 아말렉이 있었는데 이들은 에돔 땅에 있던 엘리바스에게서 나온 추장들이요, 아다의 아들들이더라.

17 And these [are] the sons of Reuel Esau's son; duke Nahath, duke Zerah, duke Shammah, duke Mizzah: these [are] the dukes [that came] of Reuel in the land of Edom; these [are] the sons of Bashemath Esau's wife. 17¶ 에서의 아들인 르우엘의 아들들은 이러하니 곧 추장 나핫, 추장 세라, 추장 삼마, 추장 밋사라. 이들은 에돔 땅에 있던 르우엘에게서 나온 추장들이요, 에서의 아내 바스맛의 아들들이니라.

18 And these [are] the sons of Aholibamah Esau's wife; duke Jeush, duke Jaalam, duke Korah: these [were] the dukes [that came] of Aholibamah the daughter of Anah, Esau's wife. 18¶ 에서의 아내 아홀리바마의 아들들은 이러하니 곧 추장 여우스, 추장 얄람, 추장 고라라. 이들은 아나의 딸이요, 에서의 아내인 아홀리바마에게서 나온 추장들이더라.

19 These [are] the sons of Esau, who [is] Edom, and these [are] their dukes.

Genealogies are in the Bible for a reason. It is our job to search them out. 9

Genesis Chapter 36, The Generations of Esau, © IIBC, 19 April 2020, by I.M. Achristian

19 에서 곧 에돔의 아들들이 이러하며 그들의 추장들이 이러하니라.

20 These [are] the sons of Seir the Horite, who inhabited the land; Lotan, and Shobal, and Zibeon, and Anah, 20¶ 그 땅에 거주하던 호리 족속 세일의 아들들은 이러하니 곧 로단과 소발과 시브온과 아나와.

chôrı̂y kho-ree'’From H2356 [cavity. socket, den, hole]; cave dweller orחֹרִ י Horite: H2752 troglodyte; a Chorite or aboriginal Idumaean: - Horims, Horites. Total KJV occurrences: 6 호리족속: 동굴에 거하는 사람 (혈거인)

21 And Dishon, and Ezer, and Dishan: these [are] the dukes of the Horites, the children of Seir in the land of Edom. 21 디손과 에셀과 디산이라. 이들은 에돔 땅에 있던 세일의 자손들로 호리 족속의 추장들이요,

22 And the children of Lotan were Hori and Hemam; and Lotan's sister [was] Timna. 22 로단의 자손은 호리와 헤맘이며 로단의 누이는 딤나더라.

23 And the children of Shobal [were] these; Alvan, and Manahath, and Ebal, Shepho, and Onam. 23 소발의 자손은 이러하니 곧 알반과 마나핫과 에발과 스보와 오남이요,

24 And these [are] the children of Zibeon; both Ajah, and Anah: this [was that] Anah that found the mules in the wilderness, as he fed the asses of Zibeon his father. 24 시브온의 자손은 이러하니 곧 아야와 아나이니라. 이 아나는 자기 아버지 시브온의 나귀를 먹일 때에 광야에서 노새들을 발견한 자더라. 7

- :(chămôr chămôr kham-ore', kham-ore'’From H2560; a male ass (from its dun redחֲמֹּר חֲמֹור Ass: H2543 7 (he) ass. Total KJV occurrences: 96 Note: dun red he ass. For a further look, see: https://www.shutterstock.com/search/red%2Bdun?page=4§ion=1

Genealogies are in the Bible for a reason. It is our job to search them out. 10

Genesis Chapter 36, The Generations of Esau, © IIBC, 19 April 2020, by I.M. Achristian

You may wonder ‘Why is this verse in the Bible?’ “성경에 왜 이런 구절이 있는거지?”라고 궁금하실지 모릅니다.

When we find a puzzle in Scripture, we should ‘dig’ [as time permits, and try to solve it, by comparing Scripture with Scripture. 8 성경에서 수수께끼를 발견할 때, 우리는 깊이 파야 합니다. (시간이 허락한다면 성경과 성경을 대조해 가며 문제를 풀려고 노력해야 합니다.)

That will unlock some other portion of Scripture! 그것은 성경의 다른 부분의 비밀을 풀어줄 것입니다.

First we start with word definitions. 먼저 우리는 단어의 정의로부터 시작합니다.

Then we do a word search, or a phrase search throughout the entire Bible. 그리고 나서, 단어검색이나 구절검색을 해서 성경전체에 그 표현이 어떻게 사용되었는지 봅니다.

Hmmn, I thought that a mule as a cross between a horse and an ass? 저는 노새를 말과 당나귀 사이에서 나온 잡종으로 생각했습니다.

But, a simple look at the word definition shows that in this case, I was wrong. 그러나, 단지 단어의 정의를 찾아보는 것으로, 제가 틀렸다는 것을 알게 됩니다.

yêm yame From the same as H3117; a warm spring: - mule. Total KJVיֵם Mules: H3222

8 Do you write notes in your Bible, or your daily journal? Find a way to ‘capture’ the results of your study. 9 Ref: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/328129522828135553/ , accessed 4/13/2020 at 6:27 am.

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occurrences: 1 10 노새: 따뜻한 샘

yôm yome From an unused root meaning to be hot; a day (as the warm hours), whether literally םֹוי H3117 10 (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figuratively (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverbially): - age, + always, + chronicles, continually (-ance), daily, ([birth-], each, to) day, (now a, two) days (agone), + elder, X end, + evening, + (for) ever (-lasting, -more), X full, life, as (so) long as (. . . live), (even) now, + old, + outlived, + perpetually, presently, + remaineth, X required, season, X since, space, then, (process of) time, + as at other times, + in trouble, weather, (as) when, (a, the, within a) while (that), X whole (+ age), (full) year (-ly), + younger. Total KJV occurrences: 2295 Mules, via Easton’s Bible Dictionary, via e-Sword. “Mule (Heb. pered), so called from the quick step of the animal or its power of carrying loads. It is not probable that the Hebrews bred mules, as this was strictly forbidden in the law (Lev_19:19), although their use was not forbidden. We find them in common use even by kings and nobles (2Sa_18:9; 1Ki_1:33; 2Ki_5:17; Psa_32:9). They are not mentioned, however, till the time of David, for the word rendered “mules” (R.V. correctly, “hot springs”) in Gen_36:24 (yemim) properly denotes the warm springs of Callirhoe, on the eastern shore of the Dead Sea. In David's reign they became very common (2Sa_13:29; 1Ki_10:25). Mules are not mentioned in the New Testament. Perhaps they had by that time ceased to be used in Palestine.”

ḥămōr, compare Arabic ḥamār, apparently ,חמר ḥămōwr or ,חמור) Ass, vis ISBE, via e-Sword: “Ass as connected with Arabic root 'aḥmar, “red,” but referred by some to root hamal, “to carry”; also, but less ,פרה ;āthōn, Arabic 'atan, used in Arabic only of the females' ,א תון ,commonly, both in Hebrew and in Arabic ayir, Arabic ‛aı̄ r, “a‛ ,עיר ārōdh, Arabic ‛ard, “wild ass,” and also‛ ,ערוד ărādh, or‛ ,ערד pere', and ,פרא pereh, or young” or “wild ass”).

1. Names

.(arodh (Job_39:5) is rare; ονος, onos (Mat_21:2' ,ה The name

2. Meaning

(1) Ḥămōr is derived from the root which means, in all probability, “to carry a burden” (see Fürst, ii), or “heap up.” While no analogies are contained in the Old Testament this root occurs חמר ,Handwörterbuch ”,ḥamēr, means “to make a ruin-heap” (from which the noun ḥămōr, “a heap ,חמר in New Hebrew. The Aramaic used in Jdg_15:16 in a play of words: “With the jawbone of an ass, heaps upon heaps, with the jawbone of an ass have I smitten a thousand men”). The root may also mean “to be red.” In this case the nominal form ḥămōr may have been derived from the reddish-brown skin of a certain type of the ass.

āthā' “to come,” “go,” etc. (Fürst' ,אתא atānā', is derived from' ,אתנא Āthōn, Assyrian 'atânu and Aramaic' (2) אתונות ;(.ādhan, “to be slender,” “docile,” etc‛ ,עדן āthan, Aramaic' ,אתן suggests that it may be derived from .ăthōnōthe c ḥōrōth, “red-white asses” (Jdg_5:10) designates a better breed' ,צחורות

to go“ ,עיר Ayir, Arabic ‛airu (“male ass”) used of the young and vigorous animal, is derived from the root‛ (3) away,” “escape through swiftness” (Hommel, Namen der Saugethiere, 121-23). This name is used as a parallel ”.ayir pere' (Job_11:12), “a wild ass's colt‛ ,עיר פרא benı̄ 'ăthōnō (Gen_49:11) and as a compound of ,ּבני אתונו to

(4) Pere', “wild ass,” is derived from the root which means “to run,” suggestive of the animal's swiftness.

'ărōdhā‛ ,ארודא Ārōdh, is, in all probability, an Aramaic loan-word for the Hebrew pere'̌. The Targum uses‛ (5) .̌'ărādhā‛ ,ערדא and

3. Uses

From the references to these various names in the Old Testament it is clear that (1) ḥămōr was used for riding purposes: (a) by men (2Sa_16:2, 2Sa_16:23; 2Sa_19:26; 1Ki_2:40; 1Ki_13:13, 1Ki_13:23, 1Ki_13:24, 1Ki_13:27); (b) by women (Exo_4:20; Jos_15:18; Jdg_1:14; 1Sa_25:20, 1Sa_25:23, 1Sa_25:42; compare ,cemedh ḥămōrı̄ m, “a pair of asses” was used for riding as well as for burdens (Jdg_19:3 ,צמד המורים .(2Ch_28:15 Jdg_19:10, Jdg_19:19, Jdg_19:21, etc.). (2) It was also used in tillage (Isa_32:20). In this connection the law prohibits the use of an ass in plowing with an ox (Deu_22:10). The she-ass ('āthōn) was used as a beast of

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노새들을: = mule ?

Warm Springs [Water, healing, mineral waters?]. 따뜻한 샘 (물, 치료, 광천수?) burden (Gen_45:23) and for riding (Jdg_5:10; Num_22:21, Num_22:22; 2Ki_4:24). The ‛ayir is also referred to as used in riding (Jdg_10:4), carrying (Isa_30:6) and tilling (Isa_30:24).

4. As a Domestic Animal

Besides the use of the ass in agriculture and riding it was employed in the caravans of commerce, and sent even upon long expeditions through the desert. The ass is and always has been one of the most common domestic animals. It is a much more important animal in Bible lands than in England and America. The humblest peasant owned his own ass. It is associated throughout the Bible with peaceful pursuits (Gen_42:26 f; Gen_22:3; 1Sa_16:20; 2Sa_19:26; Neh_13:15), whereas the horse is referred to in connection with war and armies. Reference is also made to the use of the flesh of the ass in time of famine (2Ki_6:25). The origin of the ass like that of most domestic animals is lost in antiquity and it cannot be confidently stated from what species of wild ass it was derived. There are three races of wild asses in Asia, one of which is found in Syria, but they may all be referred to one species, Equus hemionus. The African species is E. asinus, and good authorities consider our domestic asses to have descended from this, and to have been introduced at an early period into the entire Orient. The Ṣulaib Arabs of the Syrian desert, who have no horses, have a famous breed of swift and hardy gray asses which they assert they cross at intervals with the wild asses of the desert. It is not unlikely that domestic asses like dogs are the result of crosses with more than one wild species.

As a domestic animal it preceded the horse, which was first introduced into Egypt by the Hyksos about 1800 bc. See HORSE.

5. Figurative Uses in the Old Testament

,ּבׂשר חמור ;(ḥămōrr gārem, “an ass of strong bones,” is used metaphorically of Issachar (Gen_49:14 ,חמור גרם (1) ḳebhūrath ḥămōr, “the ,קבּירת חמור ;(besar ḥămōr, “the genital organ of an ass,” is used in contempt (Eze_23:20 chamor is used as a symbol of ,ר ;(burial of an ass,” is applied to ignominious treatment of a corpse (Jer_22:19 peace and humility (2Sa_19:26). Zechariah speaks of the future Messiah as “lowly, and riding upon an ass, even upon a colt the foal of an ass” (Zec_9:9; compare Mat_21:5, Mat_21:7).

,(pere' 'ādhām, 'a wild ass of man' (Gen_16:12 ,פרא אדם Pere' is used as a symbol of wildness (Hos_8:9), and (2) referring to Ishmael, designates a free nomad. In Job the name pere' is applied to the desert dwellers (Job_24:5). Jeremiah employs this name as a symbol of lust. He compares Israel's love of idolatry to the lust of the wild ass (Jer_2:24).

6. Wider Use in Literature

The ass ('āthōn) figures prominently in the Balaam story (Nu 22; 2Pe_2:16. See Gray, ICC, “Numbers,” at the place). It is interesting to note that Apion charged the Jews that they “placed an ass's head in their holy place,” affirming that “this was discovered when Antiochus Epiphanes spoiled our temple, and found that ass's head there made of gold, and worth a great deal of money.” Josephus, refuting this absurdity, states that the Roman conquerors of Judea found nothing in the temple “but what was agreeable to the strictest piety.” He goes on to say: “Apion ought to have had a regard to these facts.... As for us Jews, we ascribe no honor or power to asses, as do the Egyptians to crocodiles and asps.... Asses are the same with us which they are with other wise men; namely, creatures that bear the burdens that we lay upon them” (Apion, II, 7).

Literature

G. A. Smith, Jerusalem, I, 307ff; Gesenius' and Fürst's Lexicons to the Old Testament; articles in Encyclopedia Biblica and HDB.”

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(There is Only one verse in the Bible with this word: ‘mule’.) (성경에는 노새라는 단어가 단 한 번 나옵니다.)

How many people have lived and worked in a desert? 사막에서 살며 일해본 적이 있는 분이 얼마나 계십니까?

Finding water in the desert is a big deal. 사막에서 물을 찾는 것은 큰 일입니다.

So, now, we know a little more. The mules he found were warm springs of water. 그래서 이제 우리는 조금 더 알게됩니다. 그가 발견한 노새들을 따뜻한 샘물이었습니다.

25 And the children of Anah [were] these; Dishon, and Aholibamah the daughter of Anah. 25 아나의 자손은 이러하니 곧 디손과 아나의 딸인 아홀리바마더라.

26 And these [are] the children of Dishon; Hemdan, and Eshban, and Ithran, and Cheran. 26 디손의 자손은 이러하니 곧 헴단과 에스반과 이드란과 그란이요,

27 The children of Ezer [are] these; Bilhan, and Zaavan, and Akan. 27 에셀의 자손은 이러하니 곧 빌한과 사아반과 아간이요,

28 The children of Dishan [are] these; Uz, and Aran. 28 디산의 자손은 이러하니 곧 우스와 아란이니라.

29 These [are] the dukes [that came] of the Horites; duke Lotan, duke Shobal, duke Zibeon, duke Anah, 29 호리 족속에게서 나온 추장들은 이러하니 곧 추장 로단, 추장 소발, 추장 시브온, 추장 아나, 11

11 Duke, via Easton’s Bible Dictionary, via e-Sword. “Duke. Derived from the Latin dux, meaning “a leader;”

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30 Duke Dishon, duke Ezer, duke Dishan: these [are] the dukes [that came] of Hori, among their dukes in the land of Seir. 30 추장 디손, 추장 에셀, 추장 디산이라. 이들은 세일 땅에 있던 그들의 추장들 가운데 호리에게서 나온 추장들이니라.

śê‛ı̂ yr say-eer'Formed like H8163; rough; Seir, a mountain of Idumaea andׂשֵעִ יר Seir: H8165 its aboriginal occupants, also one in Palestine: - Seir. Total KJV occurrences: 39 세일: 이두메아 산과 그곳의 원주민, 또는 팔레스타인 사람.

31 And these [are] the kings that reigned in the land of Edom, before there reigned any king over the children of Israel. 31¶ 어떤 왕이 이스라엘 자손을 통치하기 전에 에돔 땅에서 통치하던 왕들이 이러하니라. :melek meh'-lek From H4427; a king: - king, royal. Total KJV occurrencesמֶ לְֶך King: H4428 2521 12

Arabic, “a sheik.” This word is used to denote the phylarch or chief of a tribe (Gen. 36:15-43; Exo_15:15; 1Ch_1:51-54).”

12 King, Easton’s Bible Dictionary, via e-Sword: “ Is in Scripture very generally used to denote one invested with authority, whether extensive or limited. There were thirty-one kings in Canaan (Jos_12:9, Jos_12:24), whom Joshua subdued. Adonibezek subdued seventy kings (Jdg_1:7). In the New Testament the Roman emperor is spoken of as a king (1Pe_2:13, 1Pe_2:17); and Herod Antipas, who was only a tetrarch, is also called a king (Mat_14:9; Mar_6:22).

This title is applied to God (1Ti_1:17), and to Christ, the Son of God (1Ti_6:15, 1Ti_6:16; Mat_27:11). The people of God are also called “kings” (Dan_7:22, Dan_7:27; Mat_19:28; Rev_1:6, etc.). Death is called the “king of terrors” (Job_18:14).

Jehovah was the sole King of the Jewish nation (1Sa_8:7; Isa_33:22). But there came a time in the history of that people when a king was demanded, that they might be like other nations (1Sa_8:5). The prophet Samuel remonstrated with them, but the people cried out, “Nay, but we will have a king over us.” The misconduct of Samuel's sons was the immediate cause of this demand.

The Hebrew kings did not rule in their own right, nor in name of the people who had chosen them, but partly as servants and partly as representatives of Jehovah, the true King of Israel (1Sa_10:1). The limits of the king's power were prescribed (1Sa_10:25). The officers of his court were,

(1.) the recorder or remembrancer (2Sa_8:16; 1Ki_4:3);

(2.) the scribe (2Sa_8:17; 2Sa_20:25);

(3.) the officer over the house, the chief steward (Isa_22:15);

(4.) the “king's friend,” a confidential companion (1Ki_4:5);

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32 And Bela the son of Beor reigned in Edom: and the name of his city [was] Dinhabah. 32 브올의 아들 벨라가 에돔에서 통치하였는데 그의 도시의 이름은 딘하바더라.

33 And Bela died, and Jobab the son of Zerah of Bozrah reigned in his stead. 33 벨라가 죽으매 보스라에서 온 세라의 아들 요밥이 그를 대신하여 통치하였고

34 And Jobab died, and Husham of the land of Temani reigned in his stead. 34 요밥이 죽으매 데만 족속의 땅에서 온 후삼이 그를 대신하여 통치하였으며

35 And Husham died, and Hadad the son of Bedad, who smote Midian in the field of Moab, reigned in his stead: and the name of his city [was] Avith. 35 후삼이 죽으매 브닷의 아들 곧 모압의 들에서 미디안을 친 하닷이 그를 대신하여 통치하였는데 그의 도시의 이름은 아빗이더라.

midyân mid-yawn'’The same as H4079; Midjan, a son of Abraham; alsoמִדְ יָן Midian: H4080 his country and (collectively) his descendants: - Midian, Midianite. Total KJV occurrences: 59 13 미디안: 아브라함의 아들 이디안; 그의 영토, 그의 자손들 – 미디안 족속

”-mô'âb mo-awb From a prolonged form of the prepositional prefix “mמֹואָ ב Moab: H4124 and H1; from (her (the mother’s)) father; Moab, an incestuous son of Lot; also his territory

(5.) the keeper of the wardrobe (2Ki_22:14);

(6.) captain of the bodyguard (2Sa_20:23);

(7.) officers over the king's treasures, etc. (1Ch_27:25-31);

(8.) commander-in-chief of the army (1Ch_27:34);

(9.) the royal counsellor (1Ch_27:32; 2Sa_16:20-23).

See Chronological Tables - The Kingdoms of Judah and Israel - 976 B.C.-918 B.C.

See Chronological Tables - The Kingdoms of Judah and Israel - 918 B.C.-883 B.C.

See Chronological Tables - The Kingdoms of Judah and Israel - 883 B.C.-705 B.C.

See Chronological Tables - The Kingdoms of Judah and Israel - 697 B.C.-588 B.C.

See Chronological Tables - The Kingdoms of Judah and Israel - 562 B.C.-332 B.C.”

13 See the Background Notes.

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Genesis Chapter 36, The Generations of Esau, © IIBC, 19 April 2020, by I.M. Achristian and descendants: - Moab. Total KJV occurrences: 181 14 모압: 아버지에게 나온, 롯과의 근친상간으로 얻은 아들 모압, 또한 그의 영토

We covered this chapter earlier in Genesis. 창세기 앞 장에서 이것을 공부했습니다.

Now, let’s take a minute and go forward in Israeli history by looking at a map. 그럼, 지도를 보면서 이스라엘의 역사를 잠깐 살펴보겠습니다.

Let’s look at some of the names ‘around the map’ based on what we have seen in this chapter. 이 장에서 우리가 보았던 것에 기초해서 지도에 나온 이름들을 살펴봅시다.

Edom, Ammon, Moab, Amalek, Philistines. 에돔, 암몬, 모압, 아말렉, 팔레스타인

36 And Hadad died, and Samlah of Masrekah reigned in his stead. 36 하닷이 죽으매 마스레가의 삼라가 그를 대신하여 통치하였고

37 And Samlah died, and Saul of Rehoboth [by] the river reigned in his stead. 37 삼라가 죽으매 강 옆의 르호봇의 사울이 그를 대신하여 통치하였으며

38 And Saul died, and Baalhanan the son of Achbor reigned in his stead. 38 사울이 죽으매 악볼의 아들 바알하난이 그를 대신하여 통치하였고

14 Ibid.

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39 And Baalhanan the son of Achbor died, and Hadar reigned in his stead: and the name of his city [was] Pau; and his wife's name [was] Mehetabel, the daughter of Matred, the daughter of Mezahab. 39 악볼의 아들 바알하난이 죽으매 하달이 그를 대신하여 통치하였는데 그의 도시의 이름은 바우요, 그의 아내의 이름은 므헤다벨이더라. 그녀는 메사합의 손녀요, 마드렛의 딸이더라.

40 And these [are] the names of the dukes [that came] of Esau, according to their families, after their places, by their names; duke Timnah, duke Alvah, duke Jetheth, 40 에서에게서 나온 추장들의 이름은 그들의 가족들과 거처들과 이름들에 따라 이러하니 곧 추장 딤나, 추장 알바, 추장 여뎃,

41 Duke Aholibamah, duke Elah, duke Pinon, 41 추장 아홀리바마, 추장 엘라, 추장 비논,

42 Duke Kenaz, duke Teman, duke Mibzar, 42 추장 그나스, 추장 데만, 추장 밉살,

;têymân têmân tay-mawn', tay-mawn'’The same as H8486תֵּמָ ן תֵּימָ ן Teman: H8487 Teman, the name of two Edomites, and of the region and descendants of one of them: - south, Teman. Total KJV occurrences: 11 데만: 두 에돔사람의 이름, 그리고 그들의 지역과 그들 중 한 사람의 후손들 – 남쪽

43 Duke Magdiel, duke Iram: these [be] the dukes of Edom, according to their habitations in the land of their possession: he [is] Esau the father of the Edomites. 43 추장 막디엘, 추장 이람이라. 이들은 에돔의 추장들로 그들이 소유한 땅에서 그들의 거주지에 따른 추장들이니라. 에돔은 에돔 족속의 조상인 에서니라.

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God had told Abraham that he would be the father of many nations. 하나님께서는 아브라함에게 그가 많은 민족들의 아버지가 되리라고 말씀하셨습니다.

God kept His Word. 하나님께서는 자신의 말을 지키셨습니다.

The Outline: The Generations of Esau. 요약: 에서의 세대들.

1. Genealogies are in the Bible for a reason. 성경에는 이유가 있어서 가계도가 기록되어 있습니다. a. Only an Israelite can trace their heritage [family history] back to Adam. 이스라엘 민족만이 가계도를 거슬러 아담에게 이르기까지 추적할 수 있습니다. 2. The generations of Esau show where many of Israel’s neighbors (and enemies) come from. 에서의 세대들은 많은 이스라엘과 인접한 사람들 (적들)이 어디에서 왔는지를 보여줍니다. a. The same book that traces the genealogy traces the title deed to the land and the promise of the seed of the woman. 가계도를 나열한 그 책이 여인의 씨앗에 대한 땅과 약속에 관련된 명칭들도 기록하고 있습니다. ??? 3. God had told Abraham that he would be the father of many nations. 하나님께서는 아브라함에게 그가 많은 민족들의 아버지가 될 것이라고 말씀하셨습니다. a. He was/is. 그분께서는 그렇게 하셨고 지금도 그렇게 하십니다.

Translation stops here. And now a word from Senior Pastor Tchah:

Hymn: 412: I Need Thee Every Hour

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Genesis Chapter 36, The Generations of Esau, © IIBC, 19 April 2020, by I.M. Achristian

INVITATION: Every head bowed and every eye closed, please. Christians: Confess known sin; then pray for God to bless the Invitation. Three questions:

1. Are you saved? Are you born again from above. If You died today are your 100% sure that you would go to heaven. If you are not saved, we would love to take a Bible and show you how you can know for sure that you are saved. 2. Have you been baptized by immersion, since salvation, in a church of like faith and practice? If you are saved and have not yet been baptized by immersion, I would like you to let Pastor Tchah know that this morning. The Lord Jesus was baptized by immersion by John The Baptist. The Disciples and Apostles were baptized by Immersion. The Lord Jesus commanded his disciples to preach and teach the Gospel, baptizing those who got saved. 15 Baptism therefore, is a command to be obeyed. There is nothing to be nervous about. We are family and friends here.

3. Are you ready to meet God? a. We all should be ready to pray, to give testimony about the Lord, or to pass away. b. Is there any bitterness on your heart? c. Is there any sin that you need to confess to God, silently, as you pray? If you need to come to the altar to pray, the invitation is open to you.

Background Notes:

15 Matthew 28:18 And Jesus came and spake unto them, saying, All power is given unto me in heaven and in earth. Mat 28:19 Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost: Mat 28:20 Teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you: and, lo, I am with you alway, even unto the end of the world. Amen.

Genealogies are in the Bible for a reason. It is our job to search them out. 20

‘in the wilderness’, a word search via e-Sword. Gen_16:7 And the angel of the LORD found her by a fountain of water in the wilderness, by the fountain in the way to Shur. Gen_21:14 And Abraham rose up early in the morning, and took bread, and a bottle of water, and gave it unto Hagar, putting it on her shoulder, and the child, and sent her away: and she departed, and wandered in the wilderness of Beersheba. Gen_21:20 And God was with the lad; and he grew, and dwelt in the wilderness, and became an archer. Gen_21:21 And he dwelt in the wilderness of Paran: and his mother took him a wife out of the land of Egypt. Gen_36:24 And these are the children of Zibeon; both Ajah, and Anah: this was that Anah that found the mules in the wilderness, as he fed the asses of Zibeon his father. Gen_37:22 And Reuben said unto them, Shed no blood, but cast him into this pit that is in the wilderness, and lay no hand upon him; that he might rid him out of their hands, to deliver him to his father again. Exo_5:1 And afterward Moses and Aaron went in, and told Pharaoh, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, Let my people go, that they may hold a feast unto me in the wilderness. Exo_7:16 And thou shalt say unto him, The LORD God of the Hebrews hath sent me unto thee, saying, Let my people go, that they may serve me in the wilderness: and, behold, hitherto thou wouldest not hear. Exo_8:28 And Pharaoh said, I will let you go, that ye may sacrifice to the LORD your God in the wilderness; only ye shall not go very far away: intreat for me. Exo_14:11 And they said unto Moses, Because there were no graves in Egypt, hast thou taken us away to die in the wilderness? wherefore hast thou dealt thus with us, to carry us forth out of Egypt? Exo_14:12 Is not this the word that we did tell thee in Egypt, saying, Let us alone, that we may serve the Egyptians? For it had been better for us to serve the Egyptians, than that we should die in the wilderness. Exo_15:22 So Moses brought Israel from the Red sea, and they went out into the wilderness of Shur; and they went three days in the wilderness, and found no water. Exo_16:2 And the whole congregation of the children of Israel murmured against Moses and Aaron in the wilderness: Exo_16:32 And Moses said, This is the thing which the LORD commandeth, Fill an omer of it to be kept for your generations; that they may see the bread wherewith I have fed you in the wilderness, when I brought you forth from the land of Egypt. Exo_19:2 For they were departed from Rephidim, and were come to the desert of Sinai, and had pitched in the wilderness; and there Israel camped before the mount.

Lev_7:38 Which the LORD commanded Moses in mount Sinai, in the day that he commanded the children of Israel to offer their oblations unto the LORD, in the wilderness of Sinai. Lev_16:22 And the goat shall bear upon him all their iniquities unto a land not inhabited: and he shall let go the goat in the wilderness.

Genealogies are in the Bible for a reason. It is our job to search them out. 21

Num_1:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, in the tabernacle of the congregation, on the first day of the second month, in the second year after they were come out of the land of Egypt, saying, Num_1:19 As the LORD commanded Moses, so he numbered them in the wilderness of Sinai. Num_3:4 And Nadab and Abihu died before the LORD, when they offered strange fire before the LORD, in the wilderness of Sinai, and they had no children: and Eleazar and Ithamar ministered in the priest's office in the sight of Aaron their father. Num_3:14 And the LORD spake unto Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, saying, Num_9:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, in the first month of the second year after they were come out of the land of Egypt, saying, Num_9:5 And they kept the passover on the fourteenth day of the first month at even in the wilderness of Sinai: according to all that the LORD commanded Moses, so did the children of Israel. Num_10:12 And the children of Israel took their journeys out of the wilderness of Sinai; and the cloud rested in the wilderness of Paran. Num_10:31 And he said, Leave us not, I pray thee; forasmuch as thou knowest how we are to encamp in the wilderness, and thou mayest be to us instead of eyes. Num_12:16 And afterward the people removed from Hazeroth, and pitched in the wilderness of Paran. Num_14:16 Because the LORD was not able to bring this people into the land which he sware unto them, therefore he hath slain them in the wilderness. Num_14:22 Because all those men which have seen my glory, and my miracles, which I did in Egypt and in the wilderness, and have tempted me now these ten times, and have not hearkened to my voice; Num_14:33 And your children shall wander in the wilderness forty years, and bear your whoredoms, until your carcases be wasted in the wilderness. Num_15:32 And while the children of Israel were in the wilderness, they found a man that gathered sticks upon the sabbath day. Num_16:13 Is it a small thing that thou hast brought us up out of a land that floweth with milk and honey, to kill us in the wilderness, except thou make thyself altogether a prince over us? Num_21:5 And the people spake against God, and against Moses, Wherefore have ye brought us up out of Egypt to die in the wilderness? for there is no bread, neither is there any water; and our soul loatheth this light bread. Num_21:11 And they journeyed from Oboth, and pitched at Ijeabarim, in the wilderness which is before Moab, toward the sunrising.

Num_21:13 From thence they removed, and pitched on the other side of Arnon, which is in the wilderness that cometh out of the coasts of the Amorites: for Arnon is the border of Moab, between Moab and the Amorites. Num_26:64 But among these there was not a man of them whom Moses and Aaron the priest numbered, when they numbered the children of Israel in the wilderness of Sinai.

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Num_26:65 For the LORD had said of them, They shall surely die in the wilderness. And there was not left a man of them, save Caleb the son of Jephunneh, and Joshua the son of Nun. Num_27:3 Our father died in the wilderness, and he was not in the company of them that gathered themselves together against the LORD in the company of Korah; but died in his own sin, and had no sons. Num_27:14 For ye rebelled against my commandment in the desert of Zin, in the strife of the congregation, to sanctify me at the water before their eyes: that is the water of Meribah in Kadesh in the wilderness of Zin. Num_32:13 And the LORD'S anger was kindled against Israel, and he made them wander in the wilderness forty years, until all the generation, that had done evil in the sight of the LORD, was consumed. Num_32:15 For if ye turn away from after him, he will yet again leave them in the wilderness; and ye shall destroy all this people. Num_33:8 And they departed from before Pihahiroth, and passed through the midst of the sea into the wilderness, and went three days' journey in the wilderness of Etham, and pitched in Marah. Num_33:11 And they removed from the Red sea, and encamped in the wilderness of Sin. Num_33:15 And they departed from Rephidim, and pitched in the wilderness of Sinai. Num_33:36 And they removed from Eziongaber, and pitched in the wilderness of Zin, which is Kadesh. Deu_1:1 These be the words which Moses spake unto all Israel on this side Jordan in the wilderness, in the plain over against the Red sea, between Paran, and Tophel, and Laban, and Hazeroth, and Dizahab. Deu_1:31 And in the wilderness, where thou hast seen how that the LORD thy God bare thee, as a man doth bear his son, in all the way that ye went, until ye came into this place. Deu_4:43 Namely, Bezer in the wilderness, in the plain country, of the Reubenites; and Ramoth in Gilead, of the Gadites; and Golan in Bashan, of the Manassites. Deu_8:2 And thou shalt remember all the way which the LORD thy God led thee these forty years in the wilderness, to humble thee, and to prove thee, to know what was in thine heart, whether thou wouldest keep his commandments, or no. Deu_8:16 Who fed thee in the wilderness with manna, which thy fathers knew not, that he might humble thee, and that he might prove thee, to do thee good at thy latter end;

Deu_9:7 Remember, and forget not, how thou provokedst the LORD thy God to wrath in the wilderness: from the day that thou didst depart out of the land of Egypt, until ye came unto this place, ye have been rebellious against the LORD. Deu_9:28 Lest the land whence thou broughtest us out say, Because the LORD was not able to bring them into the land which he promised them, and because he hated them, he hath brought them out to slay them in the wilderness. Deu_11:5 And what he did unto you in the wilderness, until ye came into this place; Deu_29:5 And I have led you forty years in the wilderness: your clothes are not waxen old upon you, and thy shoe is not waxen old upon thy foot.

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Deu_32:51 Because ye trespassed against me among the children of Israel at the waters of Meribah-Kadesh, in the wilderness of Zin; because ye sanctified me not in the midst of the children of Israel. Jos_5:4 And this is the cause why Joshua did circumcise: All the people that came out of Egypt, that were males, even all the men of war, died in the wilderness by the way, after they came out of Egypt. Jos_5:5 Now all the people that came out were circumcised: but all the people that were born in the wilderness by the way as they came forth out of Egypt, them they had not circumcised. Jos_5:6 For the children of Israel walked forty years in the wilderness, till all the people that were men of war, which came out of Egypt, were consumed, because they obeyed not the voice of the LORD: unto whom the LORD sware that he would not shew them the land, which the LORD sware unto their fathers that he would give us, a land that floweth with milk and honey. Jos_8:24 And it came to pass, when Israel had made an end of slaying all the inhabitants of Ai in the field, in the wilderness wherein they chased them, and when they were all fallen on the edge of the sword, until they were consumed, that all the Israelites returned unto Ai, and smote it with the edge of the sword. Jos_12:8 In the mountains, and in the valleys, and in the plains, and in the springs, and in the wilderness, and in the south country; the Hittites, the Amorites, and the Canaanites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites: Jos_14:10 And now, behold, the LORD hath kept me alive, as he said, these forty and five years, even since the LORD spake this word unto Moses, while the children of Israel wandered in the wilderness: and now, lo, I am this day fourscore and five years old. Jos_15:61 In the wilderness, Betharabah, Middin, and Secacah, Jos_20:8 And on the other side Jordan by Jericho eastward, they assigned Bezer in the wilderness upon the plain out of the tribe of Reuben, and Ramoth in Gilead out of the tribe of Gad, and Golan in Bashan out of the tribe of Manasseh. Jos_24:7 And when they cried unto the LORD, he put darkness between you and the Egyptians, and brought the sea upon them, and covered them; and your eyes have seen what I have done in Egypt: and ye dwelt in the wilderness a long season. 1Sa_4:8 Woe unto us! who shall deliver us out of the hand of these mighty Gods? these are the Gods that smote the Egyptians with all the plagues in the wilderness.

1Sa_17:28 And Eliab his eldest brother heard when he spake unto the men; and Eliab's anger was kindled against David, and he said, Why camest thou down hither? and with whom hast thou left those few sheep in the wilderness? I know thy pride, and the naughtiness of thine heart; for thou art come down that thou mightest see the battle. 1Sa_23:14 And David abode in the wilderness in strong holds, and remained in a mountain in the wilderness of Ziph. And Saul sought him every day, but God delivered him not into his hand. 1Sa_23:15 And David saw that Saul was come out to seek his life: and David was in the wilderness of Ziph in a wood. 1Sa_23:24 And they arose, and went to Ziph before Saul: but David and his men were in the wilderness of Maon, in the plain on the south of Jeshimon.

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1Sa_23:25 Saul also and his men went to seek him. And they told David: wherefore he came down into a rock, and abode in the wilderness of Maon. And when Saul heard that, he pursued after David in the wilderness of Maon. 1Sa_24:1 And it came to pass, when Saul was returned from following the Philistines, that it was told him, saying, Behold, David is in the wilderness of Engedi. 1Sa_25:4 And David heard in the wilderness that Nabal did shear his sheep. 1Sa_25:21 Now David had said, Surely in vain have I kept all that this fellow hath in the wilderness, so that nothing was missed of all that pertained unto him: and he hath requited me evil for good. 1Sa_26:2 Then Saul arose, and went down to the wilderness of Ziph, having three thousand chosen men of Israel with him, to seek David in the wilderness of Ziph. 1Sa_26:3 And Saul pitched in the hill of Hachilah, which is before Jeshimon, by the way. But David abode in the wilderness, and he saw that Saul came after him into the wilderness. 2Sa_16:2 And the king said unto Ziba, What meanest thou by these? And Ziba said, The asses be for the king's household to ride on; and the bread and summer fruit for the young men to eat; and the wine, that such as be faint in the wilderness may drink. 2Sa_17:29 And honey, and butter, and sheep, and cheese of kine, for David, and for the people that were with him, to eat: for they said, The people is hungry, and weary, and thirsty, in the wilderness. 1Ki_2:34 So Benaiah the son of Jehoiada went up, and fell upon him, and slew him: and he was buried in his own house in the wilderness. 1Ki_9:18 And Baalath, and Tadmor in the wilderness, in the land, 1Ch_6:78 And on the other side Jordan by Jericho, on the east side of Jordan, were given them out of the tribe of Reuben, Bezer in the wilderness with her suburbs, and Jahzah with her suburbs, 1Ch_21:29 For the tabernacle of the LORD, which Moses made in the wilderness, and the altar of the burnt offering, were at that season in the high place at Gibeon. 2Ch_1:3 So Solomon, and all the congregation with him, went to the high place that was at Gibeon; for there was the tabernacle of the congregation of God, which Moses the servant of the LORD had made in the wilderness. 2Ch_8:4 And he built Tadmor in the wilderness, and all the store cities, which he built in Hamath. 2Ch_20:24 And when Judah came toward the watch tower in the wilderness, they looked unto the multitude, and, behold, they were dead bodies fallen to the earth, and none escaped. 2Ch_24:9 And they made a proclamation through Judah and Jerusalem, to bring in to the LORD the collection that Moses the servant of God laid upon Israel in the wilderness. Neh_9:19 Yet thou in thy manifold mercies forsookest them not in the wilderness: the pillar of the cloud departed not from them by day, to lead them in the way; neither the pillar of fire by night, to shew them light, and the way wherein they should go. Neh_9:21 Yea, forty years didst thou sustain them in the wilderness, so that they lacked nothing; their clothes waxed not old, and their feet swelled not. Psa_55:7 Lo, then would I wander far off, and remain in the wilderness. Selah. Psa_63:1 A Psalm of David, when he was in the wilderness of Judah. O God, thou art my

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God; early will I seek thee: my soul thirsteth for thee, my flesh longeth for thee in a dry and thirsty land, where no water is; Psa_72:9 They that dwell in the wilderness shall bow before him; and his enemies shall lick the dust. Psa_78:15 He clave the rocks in the wilderness, and gave them drink as out of the great depths. Psa_78:17 And they sinned yet more against him by provoking the most High in the wilderness. Psa_78:19 Yea, they spake against God; they said, Can God furnish a table in the wilderness? Psa_78:40 How oft did they provoke him in the wilderness, and grieve him in the desert! Psa_78:52 But made his own people to go forth like sheep, and guided them in the wilderness like a flock. Psa_95:8 Harden not your heart, as in the provocation, and as in the day of temptation in the wilderness: Psa_106:14 But lusted exceedingly in the wilderness, and tempted God in the desert. Psa_106:26 Therefore he lifted up his hand against them, to overthrow them in the wilderness: Psa_107:4 They wandered in the wilderness in a solitary way; they found no city to dwell in. Psa_107:40 He poureth contempt upon princes, and causeth them to wander in the wilderness, where there is no way. Pro_21:19 It is better to dwell in the wilderness, than with a contentious and an angry woman. Isa_23:13 Behold the land of the Chaldeans; this people was not, till the Assyrian founded it for them that dwell in the wilderness: they set up the towers thereof, they raised up the palaces thereof; and he brought it to ruin. Isa_32:16 Then judgment shall dwell in the wilderness, and righteousness remain in the fruitful field. Isa_35:6 Then shall the lame man leap as an hart, and the tongue of the dumb sing: for in the wilderness shall waters break out, and streams in the desert. Isa_40:3 The voice of him that crieth in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the LORD, make straight in the desert a highway for our God. Isa_41:19 I will plant in the wilderness the cedar, the shittah tree, and the myrtle, and the oil tree; I will set in the desert the fir tree, and the pine, and the box tree together: Isa_43:19 Behold, I will do a new thing; now it shall spring forth; shall ye not know it? I will even make a way in the wilderness, and rivers in the desert. Isa_43:20 The beast of the field shall honour me, the dragons and the owls: because I give waters in the wilderness, and rivers in the desert, to give drink to my people, my chosen. Isa_63:13 That led them through the deep, as an horse in the wilderness, that they should not stumble? Jer_2:2 Go and cry in the ears of Jerusalem, saying, Thus saith the LORD; I remember thee, the kindness of thy youth, the love of thine espousals, when thou wentest after me in the wilderness, in a land that was not sown.

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Jer_3:2 Lift up thine eyes unto the high places, and see where thou hast not been lien with. In the ways hast thou sat for them, as the Arabian in the wilderness; and thou hast polluted the land with thy whoredoms and with thy wickedness. Jer_4:11 At that time shall it be said to this people and to Jerusalem, A dry wind of the high places in the wilderness toward the daughter of my people, not to fan, nor to cleanse, Jer_9:2 Oh that I had in the wilderness a lodging place of wayfaring men; that I might leave my people, and go from them! for they be all adulterers, an assembly of treacherous men. Jer_9:26 Egypt, and Judah, and Edom, and the children of Ammon, and Moab, and all that are in the utmost corners, that dwell in the wilderness: for all these nations are uncircumcised, and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised in the heart. Jer_17:6 For he shall be like the heath in the desert, and shall not see when good cometh; but shall inhabit the parched places in the wilderness, in a salt land and not inhabited. Jer_31:2 Thus saith the LORD, The people which were left of the sword found grace in the wilderness; even Israel, when I went to cause him to rest. Jer_48:6 Flee, save your lives, and be like the heath in the wilderness. Lam_4:3 Even the sea monsters draw out the breast, they give suck to their young ones: the daughter of my people is become cruel, like the ostriches in the wilderness. Lam_4:19 Our persecutors are swifter than the eagles of the heaven: they pursued us upon the mountains, they laid wait for us in the wilderness. Eze_19:13 And now she is planted in the wilderness, in a dry and thirsty ground. Eze_20:13 But the house of Israel rebelled against me in the wilderness: they walked not in my statutes, and they despised my judgments, which if a man do, he shall even live in them; and my sabbaths they greatly polluted: then I said, I would pour out my fury upon them in the wilderness, to consume them. Eze_20:15 Yet also I lifted up my hand unto them in the wilderness, that I would not bring them into the land which I had given them, flowing with milk and honey, which is the glory of all lands; Eze_20:17 Nevertheless mine eye spared them from destroying them, neither did I make an end of them in the wilderness. Eze_20:18 But I said unto their children in the wilderness, Walk ye not in the statutes of your fathers, neither observe their judgments, nor defile yourselves with their idols: Eze_20:21 Notwithstanding the children rebelled against me: they walked not in my statutes, neither kept my judgments to do them, which if a man do, he shall even live in them; they polluted my sabbaths: then I said, I would pour out my fury upon them, to accomplish my anger against them in the wilderness. Eze_20:23 I lifted up mine hand unto them also in the wilderness, that I would scatter them among the heathen, and disperse them through the countries; Eze_20:36 Like as I pleaded with your fathers in the wilderness of the land of Egypt, so will I plead with you, saith the Lord GOD. Eze_34:25 And I will make with them a covenant of peace, and will cause the evil beasts to cease out of the land: and they shall dwell safely in the wilderness, and sleep in the woods. Hos_9:10 I found Israel like grapes in the wilderness; I saw your fathers as the firstripe in the fig tree at her first time: but they went to Baalpeor, and separated themselves unto that shame; and their abominations were according as they loved.

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Hos_13:5 I did know thee in the wilderness, in the land of great drought. Amo_5:25 Have ye offered unto me sacrifices and offerings in the wilderness forty years, O house of Israel? Mat_3:1 In those days came John the Baptist, preaching in the wilderness of Judaea, Mat_3:3 For this is he that was spoken of by the prophet Esaias, saying, The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make his paths straight. Mat_15:33 And his disciples say unto him, Whence should we have so much bread in the wilderness, as to fill so great a multitude? Mar_1:3 The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make his paths straight. Mar_1:4 John did baptize in the wilderness, and preach the baptism of repentance for the remission of sins. Mar_1:13 And he was there in the wilderness forty days, tempted of Satan; and was with the wild beasts; and the angels ministered unto him. Mar_8:4 And his disciples answered him, From whence can a man satisfy these men with bread here in the wilderness? Luk_3:2 Annas and Caiaphas being the high priests, the word of God came unto John the son of Zacharias in the wilderness. Luk_3:4 As it is written in the book of the words of Esaias the prophet, saying, The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make his paths straight. Luk_15:4 What man of you, having an hundred sheep, if he lose one of them, doth not leave the ninety and nine in the wilderness, and go after that which is lost, until he find it?

Joh_1:23 He said, I am the voice of one crying in the wilderness, Make straight the way of the Lord, as said the prophet Esaias. Joh_3:14 And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of man be lifted up: Joh_6:49 Your fathers did eat manna in the wilderness, and are dead. Act_7:30 And when forty years were expired, there appeared to him in the wilderness of mount Sina an angel of the Lord in a flame of fire in a bush. Act_7:36 He brought them out, after that he had shewed wonders and signs in the land of Egypt, and in the Red sea, and in the wilderness forty years. Act_7:38 This is he, that was in the church in the wilderness with the angel which spake to him in the mount Sina, and with our fathers: who received the lively oracles to give unto us: Act_7:42 Then God turned, and gave them up to worship the host of heaven; as it is written in the book of the prophets, O ye house of Israel, have ye offered to me slain beasts and sacrifices by the space of forty years in the wilderness? Act_7:44 Our fathers had the tabernacle of witness in the wilderness, as he had appointed, speaking unto Moses, that he should make it according to the fashion that he had seen. Act_13:18 And about the time of forty years suffered he their manners in the wilderness. 1Co_10:5 But with many of them God was not well pleased: for they were overthrown in the wilderness.

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2Co_11:26 In journeyings often, in perils of waters, in perils of robbers, in perils by mine own countrymen, in perils by the heathen, in perils in the city, in perils in the wilderness, in perils in the sea, in perils among false brethren; Heb_3:8 Harden not your hearts, as in the provocation, in the day of temptation in the wilderness: Heb_3:17 But with whom was he grieved forty years? was it not with them that had sinned, whose carcases fell in the wilderness? ‘Wilderness’, from Easton’s Bible Dictionary, via e-Sword:

“Wilderness

(1.) Heb. midhbar, denoting not a barren desert but a district or region suitable for pasturing sheep and cattle (Psa_65:12; Isa_42:11; Jer_23:10; Joe_1:19; Joe_2:22); an uncultivated place. This word is used of the wilderness of Beersheba (Gen_21:14), on the southern border of Palestine; the wilderness of the Red Sea (Exo_13:18); of Shur (Exo_15:22), a portion of the Sinaitic peninsula; of Sin (Exo_17:1), Sinai (Lev_7:38), Moab (Deu_2:8), Judah (Jdg_1:16), Ziph, Maon, En-gedi (1Sa_23:14, 1Sa_23:24; 1Sa_24:1), Jeruel and Tekoa (2Ch_20:16, 2Ch_20:20), Kadesh (Psa_29:8). “The wilderness of the sea” (Isa_21:1). Principal Douglas, referring to this expression, says: “A mysterious name, which must be meant to describe Babylon (see especially Isa_21:9), perhaps because it became the place of discipline to God's people, as the wilderness of the Red Sea had been (compare Eze_20:35). Otherwise it is in contrast with the symbolic title in Isa_22:1. Jerusalem is the “valley of vision,” rich in spiritual husbandry; whereas Babylon, the rival centre of influence, is spiritually barren and as restless as the sea (compare Isa_57:20).” A Short Analysis of the O.T.

(2.) Jeshimon, a desert waste (Deu_32:10; Psa_68:7).

(3.) 'Arabah, the name given to the valley from the Dead Sea to the eastern branch of the Red Sea. In Deu_1:1; Deu_2:8, it is rendered “plain” (R.V., “Arabah”).

(4.) Tziyyah, a “dry place” (Psa_78:17; Psa_105:41).

(5.) Tohu, a “desolate” place, a place “waste” or “unoccupied” (Deu_32:10; Job_12:24; compare Gen_1:2, “without form”). The wilderness region in the Sinaitic peninsula through which for forty years the Hebrews wandered is generally styled “the wilderness of the wanderings.” This entire region is in the form of a triangle, having its base toward the north and its apex toward the south. Its extent from north to south is about 250 miles, and at its widest point it is about 150 miles broad. Throughout this vast region of some 1,500 square miles there is not a single river. The northern part of this triangular peninsula is properly the “wilderness of the wanderings” (et- Tih). The western portion of it is called the “wilderness of Shur” (Exo_15:22), and the eastern the “wilderness of Paran.” The “wilderness of Judaea” (Mat_3:1) is a wild, barren region, lying between the Dead Sea and the Hebron Mountains. It is the “Jeshimon” mentioned in 1Sa_23:19.”

‘Wilderness’, from the International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, via e-Sword.

“Wilderness

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(2.) Jeshimon, a desert waste (Deu_32:10; Psa_68:7).

(3.) 'Arabah, the name given to the valley from the Dead Sea to the eastern branch of the Red Sea. In Deu_1:1; Deu_2:8, it is rendered “plain” (R.V., “Arabah”).

(4.) Tziyyah, a “dry place” (Psa_78:17; Psa_105:41).

Midian, via the International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: “Midian; Midianites m; Μαδιάμ, Madiám, Μαδιηναῖοι, Madiēnaioi):

1. The Seed of Abraham to the Time of the Judges:

Midian was a son of Abraham by his concubine Keturah. To him were born 5 sons, Ephah, Epher, Hanoch, Abida and Eldaah (Gen_25:2, Gen_25:4; 1Ch_1:32 f). Bearing gifts from Abraham, he and his brothers, each with his own household, moved off from Isaac into “the east country” (Gen_25:6). The first recorded incident in the history of the tribe is a defeat suffered “in the field of Moab” at the hands of Hadad, king of Edom. Of this nothing beyond the fact is known (Gen_36:35; 1Ch_1:46). The Midianites next appear as merchantmen traveling from Gilead to Egypt, with “spicery and balm and myrrh,” with no prejudice against a turn of slave-dealing (Gen_37:25 ff). Moses, on fleeing from Egypt, found refuge in the land of Midian, and became son-in-law of Jethro, the priest of Midian (Exo_2:15, Exo_2:21). In Midian Moses received his commission to Israel in Egypt (Exo_4:19). A Midianite,

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Genesis Chapter 36, The Generations of Esau, © IIBC, 19 April 2020, by I.M. Achristian familiar with the desert, acted as guide (“instead of eyes”) to the children of Israel in their wilderness wanderings (Num_10:29 ff). The friendly relations between Israel and Midian, which seem to have prevailed at first, had been ruptured, and we find the elders of Midian acting with those of Moab in calling Balaam to curse Israel (Num_22:4-7). Because of the grievous sin into which they had seduced Israel on the shrewd advice of Balaam, a war of vengeance was made against the Midianites in which five of their chiefs perished; the males were ruthlessly slain, and Balaam also was put to death (Num_25:15, Num_25:17; Num_31:2 ff). We next hear of Midian as oppressing Israel for 7 years. Along with the Amalekites and the children of the East they swarmed across the Jordan, and their multitudinous beasts swept up the produce of the earth. Overwhelming disaster befell this horde at the onset of Gideon's chosen men. In the battle and pursuit “there fell a hundred and twenty thousand men that drew sword”; their kings, Zebah and Zalmunna, and their princes, Oreb and Zeeb, sharing the common fate (Jdg 6 - 8). Echoes of this glorious victory - “the day of Midian” - are heard in later literature (Psa_83:9; Isa_9:4; Isa_10:26; Hab_3:7).

2. The Kenite Branch:

The Kenites appear to have been a branch of the Midianites. Jethro could hardly have attained the dignity of the priesthood in Midian had he been of alien blood (Jdg_1:16). See KENITES. Again, the tribesmen are named indifferently Ishmaelites and Midianites (Gen_37:25, Gen_37:28, Gen_37:36; Jdg_8:22, Jdg_8:24). They must therefore have stood in close relations with the descendants of Hagar's son.

3. Modern Arabs:

The representations of Midian in Scripture are consistent with what we know of the immemorial ways of Arabian tribes, now engaged in pastoral pursuits, again as carriers of merchandise, and yet again as freebooters. Such tribes often roam through wide circles. They appear not to have practiced circumcision (Exo_4:25), which is now practically universal among the Arabs. The men wore golden ornaments, as do the modern nomads (Jdg_8:24 ff).

4. Historical References:

The name of “Midian” is not found in Egyptian or Assyrian documents. Delitzsch (Wo lag das Paradies? 304) suggests that Ephah (Gen_25:4) may be identical with Chayapa of the cuneiform inscriptions. If this is correct the references point to the existence of this Midianite tribe in the North of el-Ḥijāz in the times of Tiglath-pileser and Sargon (745-705 BC). Isaiah speaks of Midian and Ephah apparently as separate tribes, whose dromedaries bear gold and frankincense to Zion (Isa_60:6); but he gives no hint of the districts they occupied. The tribe of Ghifār, found in the neighborhood of Medina in Mohammed's day, Knobel would identify with Epher, another of Midian's sons.

5. Territory:

No boundaries can now be assigned to “the land of Midian.” It included territory on the West as well as on the East of the Gulf of 'Aqaba (Exo_4:19). It lay between Edom and Paran (1Ki_11:18). In the time of the Judges their district seems to have extended northward to the East of Gilead (Jdg_8:10).

A trace of the ancient name is found in that of Madyan, a place mentioned by the Arabic geographers, with a plentiful supply of water, now called Maghāir Sho‛aib. It lies East of the

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Gulf of ‛Aḳaba, some miles from the coast, almost opposite the point of the Sinaitic peninsula. The name Sho‛aib, given by Mohammed to Jethro, may here be due to ancient Midianite tradition."

Moab, ibid ISBE, via e-Sword. “ Moab; Moabites

,M-‛B; Greek (Septuagint) Μωάβ ,מאב ,mō'ābh, Moabite Stone ,מואב ,mō´ab, mō´ab-ı̄ ts (Moab ;mō'ābhı̄ ,מאבי ,מואבי ,Mōáb, ἡ Μωαβεῖτις, hē Mōabeı́tis, Μωαβῖτις, Mōabı́tis; Moabite :(benē mō'ābh ,ּבני מואב ,Moabites

1. The Land:

Moab was the district East of the Dead Sea, extending from a point some distance North of it to its southern end. The eastern boundary was indefinite, being the border of the desert which is irregular. The length of the territory was about 50 miles and the average width about 30. It is a high tableland, averaging some 3,000 ft. above the level of the Mediterranean and 4,300 ft. above that of the Dead Sea. The aspect of the land, as one looks at it from the western side of the Dead Sea, is that of a range of mountains with a very precipitous frontage, but the elevation of this ridge above the interior is very slight. Deep chasms lead down from the tableland to the Dead Sea shore, the principal one being the gorge of the river Arnon, which is about 1,700 ft. deep and 2 or more miles in width at the level of the tableland, but very narrow at the bottom and with exceedingly precipitous banks. About 13 miles back from the mouth of the river the gorge divides, and farther back it subdivides, so that several valleys are formed of diminishing depth as they approach the desert border. These are referred to in Num_21:14 as the “valleys of the Arnon.” The “valley of Zered” (Num_21:12), which was on the southern border, drops down to the southern end of the Dead Sea, and although not so long or deep as the Arnon, is of the same nature in its lower reaches, very difficult to cross, dividing into two branches, but at a point much nearer the sea. The stream is not so large as the Arnon, but is quite copious, even in summer. These gorges have such precipitous sides that it would be very difficult for an army to cross them, except in their upper courses near the desert where they become shallow. The Israelites passed them in that region, probably along the present Hajj road and the line of the Mecca Railway. The tableland is fertile but lacks water. The fountains and streams in the valleys and on the slopes toward the Dead Sea are abundant, but the uplands are almost destitute of flowing water. The inhabitants supply themselves by means of cisterns, many of which are ancient, but many of those used in ancient times are ruined. The population must have been far greater formerly than now. The rainfall is usually sufficient to mature the crops, although the rain falls in winter only. The fertility of the country in ancient times is indicated by the numerous towns and villages known to have existed there, mentioned in Scripture and on the Moabite Stone, the latter giving some not found elsewhere. The principal of these were: Ar (Num_21:15); Ataroth, Dibon, Jazer, Nimrah, Nebo (Num_32:3); Beth-peor (Deu_3:29); Beth-diblaim, Bozrah, Kerioth (Jer_48:22-24); Kir (Isa_15:1); Medeba, Elealeh, Zoar (Isa_15:2, Isa_15:4, Isa_15:5); Kirheres (Isa_16:11); Sibmah (Jos_13:19); in all, some 45 place-names in Moab are known, most of the towns being in ruins. Kir of Moab is represented in the modern Kerak, the most important of all and the government center of the district. Madeba now represents the ancient Madeba, and has become noted for the discovery of a medieval map of Palestine, in mosaic, of considerable archaeological value. Rabbath-moab and Heshbon (modern Rabba and Hesbân) are miserable villages, and the country is subject to the raids of the Bedouin tribes of the neighboring desert, which discourages agriculture. But the land is still good pasture ground for cattle and sheep, as in ancient times (Num_32:3, Num_32:4).

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2. The People:

The Moabites were of Semitic stock and of kin to the Hebrews, as is indicated by their descent from Lot, the nephew of Abraham (Gen_19:30-37), and by their language which is practically the same as the Hebrew. This is clear from the inscription on the Moabite Stone, a monument of Mesha, king of Moab, erected about 850 BC, and discovered among the ruins of Dibon in 1868. It contains 34 lines of about 9 words each, written in the old Phoenician and Hebrew characters, corresponding to the Siloam inscription and those found in Phoenicia, showing that it is a dialect of the Semitic tongue prevailing in Palestine. The original inhabitants of Moab were the Emim (Deu_2:10), “a people great ... and tall, as the Anakim.” When these were deposed by the Moabites we do not know. The latter are not mentioned in the Tell el-Amarna Letters and do not appear on the Egyptian monuments before the 14th century BC, when they seem to be referred to under the name of Ruten, or Luten or Lotan, i.e. Lot (Paton, Syria and Pal); Muab appears in a list of names on a monument of Rameses III of the XXth Dynasty. The country lay outside the line of march of the Egyptian armies, and this accounts for the silence of its monuments in regard to them.

3. Religion:

kemōsh), frequently mentioned in the Old ,ּכמוׁש) The chief deity of Moab was Chemosh Testament and on the Moabite Stone, where King Mesha speaks of building a high place in his honor because he was saved by him from his enemies. He represents the oppression of Moab by Omri as the result of the anger of Chemosh, and Mesha made war against Israel by command of Chemosh. He was the national god of Moab, as Molech was of Ammon, and it is pretty certain that he was propitiated by human sacrifices (2Ki_3:27). But he was not the only god of Moab, as is clear from the account in Nu 25, where it is also clear that their idolatrous worship was corrupt. They had their Baalim like the nations around, as may be inferred from the place-names compounded with Baal, such as Bamoth-baal, Beth-baal-meon and Baal- peor.

4. History:

We know scarcely anything of the history of the Moabites after the account of their origin in Gen 19 until the time of the exodus. It would seem, however, that they had suffered from the invasions of the Amorites, who, under their king Sihon, had subdued the northern part of Moab as far as the Arnon (Num_21:21-31). This conquest was no doubt a result of the movement of the Amorites southward, when they were pressed by the great wave of Hittite invasion that overran Northern Syria at the end of the 15th and the early part of the 14th centuries BC. The Amorites were forced to seek homes in Palestine, and it would seem that a portion of them crossed the Jordan and occupied Northern Moab, and here the Israelites found them as they approached the Promised Land. They did not at first disturb the Moabites in the South, but passed around on the eastern border (Deu_2:8, Deu_2:9) and came into conflict with the Amorites in the North (Num_21:21-26), defeating them and occupying the territory (Num_21:31-32). But when Balak son of Zippor, king of Moab, saw what a powerful people was settling on his border, he made alliance with the Midianites against them and called in the aid of Balaam, but as he could not induce the latter to curse them he refrained from attacking the Israelites (Nu 22; 24). The latter, however, suffered disaster from the people of Moab through their intercourse with them (Nu 25). Some time before the establishment of the kingdom in Israel the Midianites overran Moab, as would appear from the passage in Gen_36:35, but the conquest was not permanent, for Moab recovered its lost territory and became strong enough to encroach upon Israel across the Jordan. Eglon of Moab

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Genesis Chapter 36, The Generations of Esau, © IIBC, 19 April 2020, by I.M. Achristian oppressed Israel with the aid of Ammon and Amalek (Jdg_3:13-14), but Eglon was assassinated by Ehud, and the Moabite yoke was cast off after 18 years. Saul smote Moab, but did not subdue it (1Sa_14:47), for we find David putting his father and mother under the protection of the king of Moab when persecuted by Saul (1Sa_22:3, 1Sa_22:4). But this friendship between David and Moab did not continue. When David became king he made war upon Moab and completely subjugated it (2Sa_8:2). On the division of the kingdom between Rehoboam and Jeroboam the latter probably obtained possession of Moab (1Ki_12:20), but it revolted and Omri had to reconquer it (M S), and it was tributary to Ahab (2Ki_1:1). It revolted again in the reign of Ahaziah (2Ki_1:1; 2Ki_3:5), and Moab and Ammon made war on Jehoshaphat and Mt. Seir and destroyed the latter, but they afterward fell out among themselves and destroyed each other (2 Ch 20). Jehoshaphat and Jehoram together made an expedition into Moab and defeated the Moabites with great slaughter (2 Ki 3). But Mesha, king of Moab, was not subdued (2Ki_3:27), and afterward completely freed his land from the dominion of Israel (M S). This was probably at the time when Israel and Judah were at war with Hazael of Damascus (2Ki_8:28, 2Ki_8:29). Bands of Moabites ventured to raid the land of Israel when weakened by the conflict with Hazael (2Ki_13:20), but Moab was probably subdued again by Jeroboam II (2Ki_14:25), which may be the disaster to Moab recounted in Isa_15:1-9. After Mesha we find a king of the name of Salamanu and another called Chemosh-nadab, the latter being subject to Sargon of Assyria. He revolted against Sennacherib, in alliance with other kings of Syria and Palestine and Egypt, but was subdued by him, and another king, Mutsuri, was subject to Esarhaddon. These items come to us from the Assyrian monuments. When Babylon took the place of Assyria in the suzerainty, Moab joined other tribes in urging Judah to revolt but seems to have come to terms with Nebuchadnezzar before Jerusalem was taken, as we hear nothing of any expedition of that king against her. On the war described in Judith, in which Moab (1:12, etc.) plays a part. See JUDITH.

At a later date Moab was overrun by the Nabathean Arabs who ruled in Petra and extended their authority on the east side of Jordan even as far as Damascus (Josephus, Ant., XIII, xv, 1, 2). The Moabites lost their identity as a nation and were afterward confounded with the Arabs, as we see in the statement of Josephus (XIII, xiii, 5), where he says that Alexander (Janneus) overcame the Arabians, such as the Moabites and the Gileadites. Alexander built the famous stronghold of Macherus in Moab, on a hill overlooking the Dead Sea, which afterward became the scene of the imprisonment and tragical death of John the Baptist (Josephus,

BJ, VII, vi, 2; Ant., XVIII, v, 2; Mar_6:21-28). It was afterward destroyed by the Romans. Kir became a fortress of the Crusaders under the name of Krak (Kerak), which held out against the Moslems until the time of Saladin, who captured it in 1188 AD.

Literature.

Commentaries on the passages in the Old Testament relating to Moab, and histories of Israel; Paton, Early History of Syria and Palestine; Rawlinson, Ancient Monarchies, especially Assyria and Babylonia; Conder, Heth and Moab; G. A. Smith, HGHL; the Moabite Stone; Josephus.”

끝

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