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ADA Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes 2018 THE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND APPLIED RESEARCH AND EDUCATION VOLUME 41 | SUPPLEMENT 1 WWW.DIABETES.ORG/DIABETESCARE JANUARY 2018 PLE M E P N U T S 1 AMERICAN DIABETES ASSOCIATION STANDARDS OF MEDICAL CARE IN DIABETES—2018 ISSN 0149-5992 January 2018 Volume 41, Supplement 1 [T]he simple word Care may suffice to express [the journal’s] philosophical mission. The new journal is designed to promote better patient care by serving the expanded needs of all health professionals committed to the care of patients with diabetes. As such, the American Diabetes Association views Diabetes Care as a reaffirmation of Francis Weld Peabody’s contention that “the secret of the care of the patient is in caring for the patient.” —Norbert Freinkel, Diabetes Care, January-February 1978 EDITOR IN CHIEF Matthew C. Riddle, MD ASSOCIATE EDITORS EDITORIAL BOARD George Bakris, MD Nicola Abate, MD Maureen Monaghan, PhD, CDE Lawrence Blonde, MD, FACP Vanita R. Aroda, MD Kristen J. Nadeau, MD, MS Andrew J.M. Boulton, MD Geremia Bolli, MD Kwame Osei, MD David D’Alessio, MD John B. Buse, MD, PhD Kevin A. Peterson, MD, MPH, FRCS(Ed), Mary de Groot, PhD Robert J. Chilton, DO, FACC, FAHA FAAFP Eddie L. Greene, MD Kenneth Cusi, MD, FACP, FACE Jonathan Q. Purnell, MD Frank B. Hu, MD, MPH, PhD Paresh Dandona, MD, PhD Peter Reaven, MD Steven E. Kahn, MB, ChB J. Hans DeVries, MD, PhD Ravi Retnakaran, MD, MSc, FRCPC Sanjay Kaul, MD, FACC, FAHA Ele Ferrannini, MD Helena Wachslicht Rodbard, MD Derek LeRoith, MD, PhD Franco Folli, MD, PhD Elizabeth Seaquist, MD Robert G. Moses, MD Meredith A. Hawkins, MD, MS Guntram Schernthaner, MD Stephen Rich, PhD Richard Hellman, MD David J. Schneider, MD Julio Rosenstock, MD Norbert Hermanns, PhD, MSc Norbert Stefan, MD William V. Tamborlane, MD Irl B. Hirsch, MD, MACP Jan S. Ulbrecht, MB, BS Judith Wylie-Rosett, EdD, RD George S. Jeha, MD Joseph Wolfsdorf, MD, BCh Lee M. Kaplan, MD, PhD Tien Yin Wong, MBBS, FRCSE, FRANZCO, M. Sue Kirkman, MD MPH, PhD Ildiko Lingvay, MD, MPH, MSCS Bernard Zinman, CM, MD, FRCPC, FACP Harold David McIntyre, MD, FRACP AMERICAN DIABETES ASSOCIATION OFFICERS CHAIR OF THE BOARD PRESIDENT-ELECT, MEDICINE & SCIENCE Karen Talmadge, PhD Louis Philipson, MD PRESIDENT, MEDICINE & SCIENCE PRESIDENT-ELECT, HEALTH CARE & Jane Reusch, MD EDUCATION Gretchen Youssef, MS, RD, CDE PRESIDENT, HEALTH CARE & EDUCATION SECRETARY/TREASURER-ELECT Felicia Hill-Briggs, PhD, ABPP Brian Bertha, JD, MBA SECRETARY/TREASURER INTERIM CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER Michael Ching, CPA Martha Parry Clark CHAIR OF THE BOARD-ELECT CHIEF SCIENTIFIC, MEDICAL & MISSION OFFICER David J. Herrick, MBA William T. Cefalu, MD The mission of the American Diabetes Association is to prevent and cure diabetes and to improve the lives of all people affected by diabetes. Diabetes Care is a journal for the health care practitioner that is intended to increase knowledge, stimulate research, and promote better management of people with diabetes. To achieve these goals, the journal publishes original research on human studies in the following categories: Clinical Care/Education/Nutrition/ Psychosocial Research, Epidemiology/Health Services Research, Emerging Technologies and Therapeutics, Pathophysiology/Complications, and Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk. The journal also publishes ADA statements, consensus reports, clinically relevant review articles, letters to the editor, and health/medical news or points of view. Topics covered are of interest to clinically oriented physicians, researchers, epidemiologists, psychologists, diabetes educators, and other health professionals. More information about the journal can be found online at care.diabetesjournals.org. Copyright © 2017 by the American Diabetes Association, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the USA. Requests for permission to reuse content should be sent to Copyright Clearance Center at www.copyright.com or 222 Rosewood Dr., Danvers, MA 01923; phone: (978) 750-8400; fax: (978) 646-8600. Requests for permission to translate should be sent to Permissions Editor, American Diabetes Association, at [email protected]. The American Diabetes Association reserves the right to reject any advertisement for any reason, which need not be disclosed to the party submitting the advertisement. Commercial reprint orders should be directed to Sheridan Content Services, (800) 635-7181, ext. 8065. Single issues of Diabetes Care can be ordered by calling toll-free (800) 232-3472, 8:30 A.M. to 5:00 P.M. EST, Monday through Friday. Outside the United States, call (703) 549-1500. Rates: $75 in the United States, $95 in Canada and Mexico, and $125 for all other countries. Diabetes Care is available online at care.diabetesjournals.org. Please call the numbers listed above, e-mail [email protected], or visit the online journal for more information about submitting manuscripts, publication charges, ordering reprints, PRINT ISSN 0149-5992 subscribing to the journal, becoming an ADA member, advertising, permission to reuse ’ ONLINE ISSN 1935-5548 content, and the journal s publication policies. PRINTED IN THE USA Periodicals postage paid at Arlington, VA, and additional mailing offices. AMERICAN DIABETES ASSOCIATION PERSONNEL AND CONTACTS SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT, PUBLISHER CONTENT PRODUCTION MANAGER ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVES Michael Eisenstein Kelly Newton American Diabetes Association Paul Nalbandian ASSOCIATE PUBLISHER, EDITORIAL CONTENT MANAGER Associate Publisher, Advertising & SCHOLARLY JOURNALS Nancy C. Baldino Sponsorships Christian S. Kohler [email protected] (703) 549-1500, ext. 4806 EDITORIAL OFFICE DIRECTOR TECHNICAL EDITOR Lyn Reynolds Theresa Cooper Tina Auletta Senior Account Executive PEER REVIEW MANAGER DIRECTOR, MEMBERSHIP/SUBSCRIPTION [email protected] Shannon Potts SERVICES (703) 549-1500, ext. 4809 Donald Crowl PHARMACEUTICAL/DEVICE DIGITAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATE MANAGER, PEER REVIEW The Walchli Tauber Group Larissa M. Pouch SENIOR ADVERTISING MANAGER Maura Paoletti Julie DeVoss Graff National Sales Manager DIRECTOR, SCHOLARLY JOURNALS [email protected] [email protected] Heather Norton Blackburn (703) 299-5511 (443) 512-8899, ext. 110 January 2018 Volume 41, Supplement 1 Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2018 S1 Introduction S86 9. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk S3 Professional Practice Committee Management S4 Summary of Revisions: Standards of Medical Care in Hypertension/Blood Pressure Control Diabetes—2018 Lipid Management S7 1. Improving Care and Promoting Health in Antiplatelet Agents Populations Coronary Heart Disease Diabetes and Population Health S105 10. Microvascular Complications and Foot Care Tailoring Treatment for Social Context Diabetic Kidney Disease S13 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes Diabetic Retinopathy Neuropathy Classification Foot Care Diagnostic Tests for Diabetes Categories of Increased Risk for Diabetes (Prediabetes) S119 11. Older Adults Type 1 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes Neurocognitive Function Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Hypoglycemia Monogenic Diabetes Syndromes Treatment Goals Cystic Fibrosis–Related Diabetes Pharmacologic Therapy Posttransplantation Diabetes Mellitus Treatment in Skilled Nursing Facilities and Nursing Homes S28 3. Comprehensive Medical Evaluation and End-of-Life Care Assessment of Comorbidities S126 12. Children and Adolescents Patient-Centered Collaborative Care Comprehensive Medical Evaluation Type 1 Diabetes Assessment of Comorbidities Type 2 Diabetes Transition From Pediatric to Adult Care S38 4. Lifestyle Management S137 13. Management of Diabetes in Pregnancy Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support Nutrition Therapy Diabetes in Pregnancy Physical Activity Preconception Counseling Smoking Cessation: Tobacco and e-Cigarettes Glycemic Targets in Pregnancy Psychosocial Issues Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus S51 5. Prevention or Delay of Type 2 Diabetes Management of Preexisting Type 1 Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes in Pregnancy Lifestyle Interventions Pregnancy and Drug Considerations Pharmacologic Interventions Postpartum Care Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Diabetes Self-management Education and Support S144 14. Diabetes Care in the Hospital S55 6. Glycemic Targets Hospital Care Delivery Standards Glycemic Targets in Hospitalized Patients Assessment of Glycemic Control Bedside Blood Glucose Monitoring A1C Testing Antihyperglycemic Agents in Hospitalized Patients A1C Goals Hypoglycemia Hypoglycemia Medical Nutrition Therapy in the Hospital Intercurrent Illness Self-management in the Hospital S65 7. Obesity Management for the Treatment of Type 2 Standards for Special Situations Diabetes Transition From the Acute Care Setting Preventing Admissions and Readmissions Assessment Diet, Physical Activity, and Behavioral Therapy S152 15. Diabetes Advocacy Pharmacotherapy Metabolic Surgery Advocacy Position Statements S73 8. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment S154 Professional Practice Committee, American College of Cardiology—Designated Representatives, and Pharmacologic Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes American Diabetes Association Staff Disclosures Surgical Treatment for Type 1 Diabetes Pharmacologic Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes S156 Index This issue is freely accessible online at care.diabetesjournals.org. Keep up with the latest information for Diabetes Care and other ADA titles via Facebook (/ADAJournals) and Twitter (@ADA_Journals). PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE COMMITTEE Diabetes Care Volume 41, Supplement 1, January 2018 S3 Professional Practice Committee: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetesd2018
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