TABLE OF CONTFUTS PAGE NO

History: Part One ...... -4-- Part Two ...... 7 Part Three 9

Chapter One: St. Carthagel s Cathedral------13 - -

Stained Glass Windows ------25 Monuments of Interest ------28

Chapter Two: St. Carthagels Parish Church ------3 - 2 - - The Exterior ...... 35 Stained Glass Windows ------37 Palntlngs. . and Statues------43 Other Interesting Architectural Features------45 I

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Plate No. -Name Page No.

1 St. Carthage's Cathedral today 16 2 St. Carthage's Cathedral during the 12th Century 11 3 St. Carthagels Cathedral during the 16th Century 15 4 Ground Plan of Cathedral 12 5 Ancient gravestone (The Corbel) 19 6 Ancient gravestones 20 7 Close-up of inscriptions 21 8 The McGrath Tomb 2 0 9 Close-up of stonework on tomb 24 10 Stained glass window of St. Michael 2 7 11 Stained glass window of St. Carthage 26 12 Memorial window to Thomas Thirkill 26 13 Monument dedicated to John Scott, Dean of Lismore 29 14 Gothic window in the apse 2 9 15 St. Carthagets Parish Church 30 16 . Ground plan of St. Carthagels Church 31 17 &terior view of St. Carthagels Church 3 4 18 The Twelve Apostles over entrance 36 19 The rose petal window 36 20 Stained glass window beside St. Joseph's Alter 39 21 Stained glass window beside Our Lady's Alter 39 22 Stained glass window directly over main alter 38 23 Rose petal window over St. Joseph's Alter 42 a Rose petal window over Our Lady's Alter 42 25 Painting by Mr. Watson 44 26 Painting by Mr. Watson 4 4 27 The High Alter depicting the Twelve Apostles 4 7 28 Alter of "Our Lady of Perpetual Succourrl 48 29 St. Jospeh's Alter 48 30 View of the gallery for the main aisle 50 31 View of Church from gallery 5 0 32 Memorial tp Rev. M.G. Byrne 4 9 33 St. Michael, the Archangel at the Church's entrance 49

I 3

INTRODUCTION

It's rare combination of scenic beauty with historic association renders Lismore Mochuda a region of unique attraction. Nowhere else are woods and waters so beautiful, mountains so bold, and nowhere is there an atmosphere so soul inspiring or so holy. Standing in the Mall, the visitor feasts his eyes upon the unforgettable picture. The tree embowered Cathedral, with it's stately 18th century avenue in the foreground. Twenty three calendered saints wait their resurrection beneath it's consecrated sod. The number of additional uncalendered is known to God alone. At the other end of the Mall stands St. Carthage1s Parish Church. It is a superb example of Romanesque perfection. It dominates the entire surroundings with it's handsome tower and can be seen from afar due to it's elevated site.

Lismore is extraordinarily rich in historical association. At one time boasting 20 churches and a monastic school which surpassed all others. St. Carthage, who founded the Cathedral and the City of Lismore came here in 636. It was in that year that Lismore's history began.

Living in Lismore all my life, I realise I how little of it's history, other than what I learned at school. I am very interested in the town's origins, it's historical importance and especially it's famous monuments. Therefore, in this essay, I will attempt to trace the development ot these two churches. I will divide it into different categories, beginning with their general history. Then, taking each church individually, I will discuss their architectural features and their interiors which contain many items of interest. This essay is my personal and descriptive view of Lismore Cathedral and St. Carthage's Parish Church. HISTORY (PART ONE) - LISMORE CATHEDRAL.

Lismore, both name and parish is of ancient origin, the name we can trace backwards some sixteen centuries, and how much furthur we can go into the dim pre-historic past, we can onlfr conjecture. For more than a thousand years it has been linked with Mochudals Holy City and the diocese to which the latter gives it's name. Other ancient names appear to have been bkgh Sciath, and Dun Sginne, while in Paidraig Mac Phiaraisls poem to the Duke of Devonshire, the poet calls it Bed-Easa-Ruaidh.

Our immediate interest in Lismore begins with the year 635 or thereabout, and the arrival there that year, or the year following of Mochuda, (otherwise Carthage). Mochudals ascertained history can be summed up in a single paragraph. He was a Kerry man by birth and boyhood (born probably 564) and he became in early childhood a disciple of Carthage the Elder who gave him his own name as Mochuda. Later he entered the great monastery of St. Comgall at Bangor and later still he founded the monastery of Rahan in Offaly where he ruled and worked for nearly forty long years. Some sort of tribal or monastic jealously led to Mochuda's expulsion from Rahan and his departure from Lismore.

In the course of his travels he came to the country IJan Desi. There he went to the top of a mountain called Gaud, now known as Slieve Gua, the highest point of which is Knockmealdown. From this he saw a river beneath him, and a vision of Angels ascending from Earth to Heaven, and this was the spot according to Dr. OIHanlon in his "Lives of The Irish SaintsN, where the Cathedral of St. Carthage was founded. It furnished the present site for Lismore Cathedral. St. Carthage then went to the Chief Melostritch and asked him for a piece of land on which to found a Chruch. The Chief presented the tract of land to St. Carthage and on this the Cathedral and city of Lismore were founded. On the 14th of May 631, he died beside a little well which lies in the valley between the Cathedral and the Castle, and is still called Tubber-na-Carthagh.

He was succeeded by St. Cataludus, &terwards Bishop of Tarentum, in Italy, whose successors were indifferently styled abbots or bishops. The school which was attended by numbers not only from the neighbouring districts, but also from remote countries, was in the zenith of it's reputation about the commencement of the 8th century. It was hailed as the greatest monastic school of the 8th century. 5 I When we ordinally speak of an abbey or a religious house, we picture to ourselves a stately pile of buildings on a definite plan - chapel, refectory, dormitory, cloisters, etc. Lismore's religious and scholastic settlement differed widely from this. The buildings were of wood or wickerwood, heavily plastered with earth. Instead of a single grand monastic chapel there was a series of diminutive churches and there were scores, possibly hundreds of wooden cells, each housing an individual monk, who spent much of his time within alone. The chief Church of Lismore and Cathedral was then called a llDiamhliagU and later called l~Christchurchn. From analogy it has been concluded that the Cathedral has stood on the same spot from the beginning. At one time, Lismore is said to have had no fewer than twenty churches, and seven were actually standing as late as the 17th century.

The establishment continued to flourish, but in 812 it was plundered by the Danes, who from that period until 915, six times repeated their devastations. It must have been an optimistic community, which in face of persistant destruction, continued to rebuild. Huts of wood, lath and plaster or wickerwood were however almost as easily built as destroyed and their destruction mattered comparatively little. Some time in the 11th century, a practically new stone church on the old site, but on a grander scale, was erected, and portions of fragments of this survive incorporated in the present edifice. However, Danish raids had rendered monastic life difficult. Possibly the religious fervour had begun to wane around this time, postulants for the religious habit had at any rate, grom fewer, and no more saints were recorded Lismore preserved something of it's monastic atmosphere up to at least the 12th century. As late as 1129, the primate, St. Celsus, was by his will buried there, and for a time in 1130, his successor, St. Malachy, soujourned as a pilgrim or student of divinity. About the same time, another pious pilgrim resident in the Holy City was Cormac McCarthy, deposed chieftan of Desmond, and afterwards King of Cashel, builder of the famous chapel on the rock of Cashel, which still bears his name.

With extension of Anglo-Norman influence and power, the spirit and discipline of the Irish Church underwent a perceptible change. This expressed itself chiefly in methods o'f church government and administration, in ecclesiastical finance and in final. onment of the quasi-monastic church organisation. With the invasion too, the: Religious Orders crept in to take the place of the old Irish Monks. Under the new system, ritual became more decorus and elaborate, but spirituality declined. .The line of saints ended and the great school of Lismore was heard of no more. The Cathedral was rebuilt again, perhaps on the present cruiform plan, by Murtagh O'Brien, King of Munster in the 12th century. Some remains of OtBrien's church survive, incorporated into the present edifice - eg. the Chancel Arch and perhaps some portions of the transepts, including the windows. The Cathedral was again reduced to near ruin, this time by the White Knight (Ridire Bhan) in the 16th century. It was restored for protestant worship and partly rebuilt by the Earl of Cork, Richard Boyle, shortly afterwards. Boyle, by the way, had been praised for his pious generosity in the restoration, but as holder of much Lismore church property, upkeep of the Cathedral was obligatory on him by law. An inquisition in March, 1596, found that an ancient building called Christ Church of Lismore had been converted into a dwelling house and was 1ess.than 12 pence in value. In 1633, the Earl of Cork wrote "God bless my good intentions and endeavours in this work. This day, I resolved with the assistance of my good God, to re-edify the ancient Cathedral Church of Lismore, which was demolished by Edward Fitzgibbon called the White Knight, and other traitors in the late rebellion of Mownster. The chancel of the church I did at my own expense, and put a new roof covered with slate, and now have given orders to have the ruins of the body and aisle cleared and to have the same new-built and re-edified as fair of fairer than it ever was before".

In 1679 the Cathedral was again repaired, and a campanile erected. In 1877 the Cathedral was altered considerably internally chiefly at the expense of the Duke of Devonshire. There is a very fine Diocesan Library connected with the Cathedral consisting of 2,000 volumes, containing some fine editions of the Bible and many valuable works on Irish history and antiquities. From the year 1611 to the present day, the church has accomodated Protestant worship, and remains the most interesting and striking of Lismorets ancient monuments. HISTORY (PART 2) - IN SEARCH OF A NECJ CHURCH. I

In the year 161 1 , as far as I can gather, the Earl of Cork, Richard Boyle, renovated the Cathedral for Protestant worship. He left behind him a private diary covering the thirty two years of his life 161 1-1 643. In his diaries, the writer congratulates himself that he had no papists amoung his tenantry and retainers. Despite Boyles vigilance however, Catholics did filter in with an occasional priest - For there is a pastor wherever there is a flock. We catch passing glimpses of "Priest Darby Quinlanl', who was probably the most legitimate pastor of Lismore - Mocollop. No wonder we today connot always discover the pastor's name since his own contempories did not always how it. He came silently when required, and left just as quietly. Owing to the scarcity of clergy and harassed Catholics, a single priest has now to serve two or more parishes.

Rev. William OtBrienD.D. succeeded, or at any rate was parish priest of, Lismore in or about 1735. He died after falling from a horse in 1738. It is remarkable, by the way, the number of priests in these subsequent years who accidentally lost their lives through falls from horsesback, but then riding being the common mode of traveling and parishes being extensive, the pastor had to be constantly in the saddle. Where the new chapel of Lismore in Dr. O'Brients time stood, local tradition does not say. Possibly, there was no fixed place of Catholic worship. Mass may have been said in rotation at stations or private houses in town and country.

Rev. Patrick Byrne succeeded in 1866 after a succession of pastors. I can only assume that around this time a small and insignificant church was situated on the site of the present church of St. Oarthage. It has been accounted for in various books, but little information about it can be obtained. Due to the reformation and religious persecution, it was impossible for Catholics to build an impressive place of worship. However, it was during Rev. Patrick's pastorate that the present church was built. It

: tells of his zeal for the glory of God's house and no less of his artistic i taste. It was not surprising that the people of Lismore should look with

; irksome feelings of frustration on the old church which had been their place I 1 of worship since the previous century. It was very poor in appearance, plain 1 ! and unadorned, totally out of character with it's surroundings and the ancient glory and importance of the town. There was always a dream of a : really handsome church both among clergy and people. For many years it had i been looked upon as a substantial certainty somewhere in the indefinite i i future, but it had been always thought better to hold on to the old building '-. , than to erect a new and unworthy one, unsuited to the traditions of the town. Prior to the time of the building of the church, 1reland"had several traumatic experiences. Firstly, the Black Famine of 1846, 47 and 48, which decimated it's population. Millions literally dying of starvation and millions emigrating. It took those that survived a long time to recover the rhythm and zest for life. Soon afterwards, the evils of landlordism were let loose with numerous evections and their consequenzal hardships and heartaches. The land league was set up and the campaign had at last secured the Land Act ,pf 1881 hown as the "Three F1sr1 which secured Fair Rent, Fixity of Tenure and Free Sale. Despite this, the early '80's were years of disorder and depression especially in agriculture. This was then the backround to the planning, financing and building of St. Carthage1s Parish Church, Lismore. HISTORY (PART 3) - ST. CARTHAGE'S CHURCH.

It was in February, 1881 that the first meeting of the parishioners was held in the sacristy of the Cathedral for the purpose of taking steps to have erected the new church "St. Carthage1s Parish Church1'. The Right Rev. Monsignor Byrne resolved to raise a structure in keeping with historical associations of the town and locality. Accordingly, it was agreed that the new church should show up it's lofty tower and dominate it's entire surroundings of incomparable loveliness as well as being worthy of the ecclesiastical traditions of which Lismore might well be so proud. The very Rev. chairman explained the want of a new church in Lismore and said that he had plans prepared of the proposed new church by Mr. Doolin, architect of Dublin, and these plans had the approval of his Lordship, the Bishop of the Diocese, the most Rev. Dr. John Power. The architects estimate was £7,000. Monsignor Byrne detailed how he had on hands a bequest of the late W. Morrissey of £2,400 together with £500 from other sources. He said he looked upon this as a good beginning, and was confident of being able to get through with the work. The parishioners present readily accepted the plans, which were then readily adopted, and a subscription list was opened, at which large subscriptions were handed in, including one from the very Rev. chairman of £200.

Mr. Maurice Healy, father of T.M. Healy, M.P., was appointed secretary of the meeting. On the following July, tenders for the building were received, the one accepted being that of Mr. Redmond, 'Wexford, his tender being the lowest at £8,365.12.8 and the agreement for the building was entered into on August loth, 1881. Not much time was lost in the commencement of the work, for on October 9Lh, following, the foundation stone was laid by the most Rev. Dr. Power, the event being marked with grand religious ceremonial. The day was made memorable by the sermon preached on the occasion by the most Rev. and accomplished Bishop of Ross, who received a most enthusiastic welcome by the people of the town. His Lordship was met at the station by a large crowd with band and burning torches, and greeted with great cheering. The parishioners on this occasion gave abundent evidence of the faith that was in them by contributing most liberally to the fund for the starting of this building. The work undertaken with such spirit and pushed with such energy, rapidly took shape, the priests and people of the parish being ever alive to the necessities of the hour. The new church was to be dedicated inevitably to St. Carthagh. ray Mr. John Corrigan of '~Jexfordwas appointed foreman-mason by the contractors. Under his able worhanship and guidance from October, 1881 onwards, the work on the building proceeded quickly.

On the opening of the church on the 1st Sunday in June , 1884, the mass was sung by Rev. Fr. OIFarrell of New York. Dr. Prendergast was Deacon and Dr. Sheehy, late President of St. John's College, Waterford. Rev. F. OIBrien officiated as master of ceremonies and Dr. Hutch preached the opening sermon.

The total building cost upwards of £15,000, which was almost double the original estimate. We have to thank, for this beautiful building, the inhabitants of Lismore in the year 1881, whose unquenchable spirit, optimism and faith, helped build a church which is a credit to the town of Lismore. It is a fitting monument to their endurance in the face of persecution and a testimony of their unswerving loyalty to their faith. ST. CARTHAGE'S CATHEDRAL FIG. 2 A. AISLE B. SOUTH TRANSEPT C. APSE D. ENTRANCE

E. N-ORT'H. . TRANSEPT ., . , .. In the 12th century, the King of Munnster, Murtagh O'Brien, rebuilt the Cathedral in the same style and layout of those of the Cistercian abbeys. I will attempt to describe the Church from an illustration drawn during that period as no information about the structure at that time is recorded. Basically, it was very simple in design, rectangular in shape, with one aisle running from top to bottom. On South transept, a romanesque arch supporting one large but narrow window, and containing two small spires. led by a doorway which was used as the main entrance. The East side of the Church contained the Alter piece while the West side remained the place for prayer. The windows were tall narrow openings along both sides of the Church, containing four windows on either side. The building was made of stone supporting a wooden roof and possibly wooden windows. The Church was very small and very simple but was adequate for the purpose it served. Fig. 2.

In the 15th century, the Church was almost completly destroyed by The White Knight, but Richard Boyle, Earl of Cork renovated or rebuilt it soon afterwards. &om an illustration, dated the 16th century, I will describe the Church as it was then. Built once again in the style of the Cistercian abbeys, it took on a Cruciform shape, without aisles. It became considerably long in length, seven windows running along both sides. The centre contained a North and South transept, the Southside being once again the main doorway. Directly over the centre of the Church was built a square tower to house the bell, with a roof terminating to a point, which bore a flag of some description. The Church was once again built of stone, and reroofed with wood. The windows on the South side of the transept were divided into two panels while on the Northside, the windows contained only one pane of glass. The 'church as. Richard Boyle built it, served as the basic layout of the present day church. Fig. 3.

Today the Cathedral remains as a Cruciform Church without aisles. The structure is of romanesque style on the outside, but inside over the ears, various Gothic elements have been introduced. The changes which have been introduced over the last three centuries have a notable change in the church's structure. The entrance is still at the extremity of the South t4 transept, under a pure Norman Arch of elegant design. The West end has been 3 j changed dramatically. A porch has been added to it which serves as another main entrance, but also serves as the Bell Tower. Directly over the bell, an elegant and very tall spire has been built which informs people of afar of the church's presence. It also serves as a lightening conductor. On the 1 North transept, a mortuary has been added,. which has been named St. i 1 Columbus's Chapel. To the right lies another extension, the. apse, which has I i i been elongated considerably since the 16th century. i The apse also accomodates the choir in which the parocha1 service is performed. Directly at the end of the apse lies a large and very beautiful window surrounded by windows around the choir. The windows were executed by the late Goerge McAllister of Dublin. The apse is sectioned off by a beautiful wooden panelling as in St. Columbust Chapel. The roof was rebuilt in 1812-1814 and is now a stone structure on the outside. Inside, it is contructed of wooden beams, delicatly interlaced with Gothic tendancies. The panelling of various sections of the church have been talcen from Villiarstown Chapel. The stained glass window in the Mortuary has been taken from the Vault in Ballysaggartmore. This is the basic layout of the church as it stands today. Fig. 1 . t I FIG 3 16 I : fig 1 ANCIENT GRAVESTONES. In the Western wall of the old Cathedral at Lismore, some stones have been cemented at random. There are some slabs with inscriptions which can be dated as belonging to the 9th, 10th and 11th centuries. The abacus of a capital with a row of bulbous protuberances and a figure about 3 feet high, holding a book. It seems to belong to the same series as the White Island figures, though it is of much finer workmanship. Fig. 6.

The dimensions of this relic are lft, 10.5ins high, 9ins broad. bins of it's thickness are exposed in it's present setting in the Cathedral wall. There is an inscription on the book, but in order to read it, a moderatly powerfull electric torch is indispensable, for the purpose of throwing shadows in different directions. There are four lines of strangly mixed capitals and minusclar letters, running continously across the book, not as in an ordinary book, on the two pages seperately. Indeed, some of the letters are in the fold between the pages. The book is bins high, the dexter page is &.Sins across. The inscription, after much deciphering, reads: "IN ME (n) SAM

WMINI IERUSALEM DET AFNA ET CORONAS AUR(1) Ir. The sense is clear, but the meaning is not obvious. There was certainly another corbel which supported the other side of whatever structure had been set upon them. It is not difficult to imagine a probable restoration. The inscription would have probably said; Wpon the cross of the Lord Jerusalem laid a spear and a crown of thorns. Upon the table of the Lord let Jerusalem lay her arms and crowns of gold". Fig. 5.

Alongside the corbel are five small inscribed gravestones. The first stone is dedicated to Colgan, who was an eminent ecclesiastic and who died at Lismore. The inscription says; "A BUSSING ON THE SOUL OF COLGENrl. Fig. 7.

The second memorial, similar to the previous stone, has engraved on it the circled cross. The inscription reads; rlSWEENEY SON OF CU-ODHIR". Fig. 7.

The third memorial is dedicated to Martin Ua Roichligh, Abbot of Lismore. His humble memorial is still in excellent preservation. The inscription reads; "A BLSSING ON THE SOUL OF MARTIN1'. Fig. 7.

The fourth stone is dedicated to Cormac, son of Cuilennan, bishop of Lismore, who was slain by his own family. His memorial cross is the smallest specimen of so very ancient date lmown to exist. It still remains at Lismore. The material is compact sandstone, now much mutilated so that there is only portion of the inscription which reads; "A PRAYER FOR COREiiilC P.. ...Ir. Fig. 7. 18 The final gravestone is a memory of Donnchad. According to the Annals of I Innisfallen record, in this year, the assasination in the Cathedrdl of Lismore of OIBric Monarach elect of the Desii, by his half brother, and of Donnchad, his kinsman, at the same time and by the same hand. The tombstone bears a stepped cross with the inscription; "A PRAYER FOR DONNCHADI1. Fig. 7. FIG FIG 6

FIG 8 . . A Prayer. for Cormac P

A Prayer for Donnchad Sweeny son of Cu Oidir

A Blessing on the soul of Martin

A Blessing on the soul of CnInnn THE McGRATH TOMB. THE McGRATH TOMB

Within the Cathedral, in the North-West angle of the nave, stands a remarkable table tomb, of the McGrathls, a family of considerable repute in the Decies. The tomb is a'superb and well perserved example of the more elaborate 16th century monument. Within the Cathedral of Cashel is a similar monument, now unfortunatly dismembered. The tomb is an ancient monument and one of the few surviving of it's kind in Ireland. Fig. 8.

The tomb is of a shape hown as the "Alter1I of 'lBoxllTomb, consisting of two sides and two ends which support a covering slab or %ensal'. The two sides of the tomb have a series of carved figures representing the Twelve Apostles - Matthias being substitued as usual for Judas Iscariot. They bear a series of characteristic emblems by no means identical with those usually assigned, and over the head of each is his carved name in Latin, so that there is not the usual difficulty of identification. The figures of the Apostles represent their heads as uncovered, with flowing hair and large moustaches. They are in long robes with large sleeves. Each carries one or two distinctive emblems, such as are usually attributed to them in medievil art. St. Peter holds the keys; St. Andrew his saltire (or transverse cross); St. John a chalice. Each of the other nine holds in his right hand some weapon or emblem, and in his left, a square object with a handle from it's lower side. This, I suppose, is intended for a book, as it resembles the framed and handled horn books used in the 16th century. Above these figures of the twelve apostles, between them and the top slab, on the cornice, are some curious grotesque bosses showing the pelican, with sundry griffins and death heads. Of the two ends, one is especially noteworthy as supplying local colour without which the tomb might be supposed to be of English workmanship. The Western represents the Crucifiction, with unnamed figures of St. John and the Blessed Virgin standing on each side of the cross above which are the sun, moon and two stars. The Eastern end shows three figures in niches under a triple canopy. The central is occupied by St. Catherine, who even if not labelled, might be recognised by her wheel, and should not be mistaken for

. . St. Bridgid. The prominence assigned to her is probably to be accounted for i I by the Christian name of the lady of the tomb, as was not unusual. The i figures on both sides of her, both duly named are St. Carthage and St. Patrick. Both are habited as Bishops and provided with what they never had - I very tall mitres. St. Patrick's having a prominent cross. Both have moustaches and short beards and both are in the attitude of blessing. St. i Patrick holds in his left hand a +dl triple cross. St. Carthage holds a crozier, with a floreated crook, curved into what my be a shamrock. The cross and crozier are very unlike the Irish form. 'Ihe figures are valuable as illustrating the idea a 16th century artist in Ireland had of an early Irish bishop, and probably few earlier examples are now to be found.

the four corners of the covering slab are the emblems of the four evangelists. The main inscription on the slab records that John McGrath and his wife, Catherine, daughter of William Prendergast, caused this work to be made for themselves and their posterity, who are to be buried in it. However, the last few letters of the inscription are eligible - i.e; "buried in it". The middle of the slab is occupied by an elaborate and beautiful cross of eight points. The stems of these are ingeniously interlaced in a circular band. Fig. 9.

STADD GLASS WINDOWS Within the Cathedral, there are some very interesting and colourful stained glass windows. In the nave, there is a window dedicated to the memory of Thomas Pluvertoft Thirkill, born 30th April, 1846, died 2nd April, 1849. The windows are of Gotic design. On the left hand side, in the centre, is an image of a pelican feeding her chicks. The right portrays the Lamb of God with a staff in the backround. The right hand side is dedicated to Sophia E. C-ey, born 26th February, 1844, died 30th May, 1849. Fig. 12.

In the side chapel (otherwise known as St. Columbus~s chapel), stands a magnificent window to the right hand side. Inscribed on the window is: "To the Glory of God and in loving memory of Henry William Brougham D.D., Dean of Lismore, born 27th February, 1827, died 11th April, 1913, and of his wife Lucy Alleyne 3rougham, born 21st June, 1828, died 28th May, 1910. Erected by their children. The souls of the righteous are in the hand of God". The window was made by Jones and Willis. It is a most picturesque window displaying many colours. It depicts St. Carthage to the right hand side, in which he carries the famous book of Lismore, and. on top of it, a little church which represents one of the many churches that was built during the 6th century. Beside St. Carthagels head is a minature version of the Bridge of Lismore. In his arm lies the Lismore Crozier. (Incidently, the Lismore Crozier and the Book of Lismore were found in Lismore Castle in 1814. The actual name of the the hider or the date of hiding is unlmom, but they date from about the 12th century and are superb examples of ancient Irish handicraft). The left hand window depicts a woman. She too bears a staff with a Holy book, the word "Faithl1 is inscribed below her, but I am unsure of who the woman represents. Fig. 11.

The West window in the South transept is by Burne-Jones, possibly the only one by him in Ireland. It is dedicated to Francis Edmund Currey, second son of Lieut. Col. W.S. Currey. TIe window depicts St. iEichael with weighing scales and sword. A beautiful window undoubtedly, with suberb Gothic interlacing. Fig. 10. FIG 11

FIG 12

MONuIrnTS OF INTEREST. Towards the end of the nave, stands a magnificient monument of Gotic splendour. It surrounds the door leading towards the bell tower and os truely striking. It was erected to the memory of the Very Rev. John Scott A.M., Dean of Lismore who ser~redfor a period of twenty eight years. A man of cheerful disposition, he was charitable, sociable and much loved by his community. The Dean and Chapter of Lismore affixed this monument within their Cathedral to commemorate him. He died on March 20th, 1828, aged 67 years. Fig. 13.

Another interesting monument is to the memory of Richard Musgrave who died on March Ist, 1785 when he was forty four years old. The monument was erected with the permission of his family and by the voluntary subscriptions of his numerous friends. An impressive monument of marble, it stands to the right of the nave for dl to admire. FIG 14 FIG 15 A MIDDLE AISLE E SIDE CHAPEL B SIDE AISLE F APSE C SIDE AISLE C SIDE CHAPEL D ENTRANCE St. Carthagels Parish Church, Lismore, as it now stands, is a crucifer structure. The middle aisle in the nave is twice the width of the side aisles. On either side of the middle aisles lies a single aisle which leads directly to the side chapels which are features of the transepts. The alter is situated in the apse and is slightly elevated, givingh the priest a commanding view of the people. on each side of the side chapels lies a doorway, and directly at the end of the middle aisle lies the main entrance. The Church was built in the years 1881-1884 and was completed in a total of four years. It is a relativly modern church, a beautiful harmonious building in Romanesque style. It is appropriately of local brom sandstone with limestone dressings. For a building of it's style, it looks singularly light and graceful. St. Carthagets church is propably the most handsome church in the society of fine churches. The church is erected on a commanding height and can been seen at a considerable distance. A peculiar feature is that it stands partly on the site of the old one. Fig.15.

The length of the building is 140 feet, the width between the aisles, 55 feet. The design from the left front is of a very elaborate character. This is the main entrance which projects nobly. It is surmounted 'oy a deeply recessed arch born on marble columns. All the columns are decorated by sculptured foliage in the style of the early Irish Churches and monasteries. In the front there is also a Rose window. The campanile tower, which is of a very handsome nature rises from the frontage. It is 120 feet high and is a magnificent structure. The bell which for well over half a centurj has called the faithfull to mass and to prayer is positioned here. The original bell was replaced in the late 1920's. The present bell gives a clear mellow tone and it's peals can be heard throughout the parish and beyond. The arches between the nave and aisles are supported by monolitic columns of polished Aberdeen granite, having elaborately carved capitals of Portland stone. The roof, in general, is open timbered with pitch pine panel and has a magificient effect. Indeed the whole structure presents a most imposing vision. The central aisle (now carpeted) was originally laid with handsome encaustic tiling by William Martin of 18, St. Stephants Green, Dublin. They were similiar to the tiles placed in St. Mary's Chwch, Drogheda, and St. Michael's Hospital, Dunlaoghaire. The concrete steps leading up to the Church were not part of the original structure, but were added in the early I3Ots of the present century during the pastorate of the Veq Rev. Canon Burke, P.P.V.F. The new church in the eighties is a very handsome edifice.: A writer of the time, observing it's architectural beauty, was struck by it's resembalance to the beautiful Catholic Cathedral of Thurles. ''It is built in the Rcmanesque style of Northern Italy with it's usual characteristics of broad frontage, Rose windows, campile tower and semi-circular aspe. The church consists of nave, aisles, transepts, and side chapels, which had not however been completed at the time of openirig, but when all was finished it was certain that the church would be a structure of such magnificence as to bring a glow of pride and joy, not only to the people of Lismore, but to the county of Waterf ord as wellr1.,

It must be remembered that the Church was in fact completed in two sections. Messrs Redmond completing the shell, the tower, nave, aisles and transepts, the second including the chancel, chapels, and sacristy, which were built in 1885, Mr. Creedon of Fermoy being the sucessfull contractor. The furnishing and decoration progressed gradually, the High Alter and Organ Gallery being completed in 1886. Some excellent carvings at the nave, arcade and chancel had been executed by bk. J. A. O'Connell, sculptor from Cork. The stained glass windows of chancel and chapel are admirable examples of Messers Cox, Buckley and Watson of London and Youghal. The walls were built of deep red sandstone and dressings of blue limestone.

Some of those who contributed to the building at the time were the Duke of Devonshire (IRE1 ,000)and the Very Rev. Monsignor Byrne P.P.V.F. (IRSI ,000). He also presented the frontal Rose window which cost IRE150, two windows in the aspe of the church at IRE100 each and one of the oil painted Stations of the Cross. He also gave an annual sum towards the liquidation of the debt. The Santuary lamp, presented by the late Mrs. Mangan of Lismore, is of solid silver from a design by Mr. Doolin, the architect, and was executed by Messrs Smith and Sons, Dublin. One of the alter rails is of carved oak dedicated to the memory of the late Mrs. Tobin, Devonshire Arms Hotel (now Lismore Hotel). The pulpit was a beautiful one of pure marble aEd was contributed by the people to the memory of the late Parish Priest at the time of the construction of the building, Monsignor Burke, P.P.V.F. The head and shoulders of the priest were carved in marble and there was a plaque to his memory. However, the changes dictated by Vatican Two necessitated the removal of the pulpit, but the carved head and dedication holds an honoured place at Our Lady's side of the Church. The gallery and porch are credited to Rev. Fr. J. Coughlan C. C. and a latter pastor, Very Rev. Archdeacon McGrath P.P. added considerable improvements to the interior. The people of the parish were never slow to contribute when such was required. FIG 17

The frontage is much admired. The figure of St. Carthage is at the top and immediatly underneath , the twelve apostles, most expertly placed and giving a dignity and splendour to the whole frontage. In between is the Rose window - surrounded by the four evangelists; Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, depicted in their symbolic architectural styles. This work was completed during the time when Very Rev. Canon Burke was in charge of the parish in the early thirties. The sculptor was the famous artist Sean Peyton. A story is told that the Very Rev. Conon watched the progress of the work each day from his wheelchair in the garden, some saying that he watched the workmen rather than the worko Aprently, his face became so familiar to the artist, that it is said he grew somewhat annoyed and frustrated, and so as a form of protest, or revenge, sculptured the head of the Canon on a mystical figure of St. Matthew. Whether the tale is authentic or not remains to be seen. The imposing statue of Blessed Michael the Urchangel was the work of Seams Murphy, the famous Cork sculptor, and was completed in the thirties. The stained glass windows of Christ the King is facing outwards and is also a noted feature of the frontage. Fig. 17 and Fig. 18. . FIG 18

FIG 19 STAWED GLASS WINDOWS The stained glass: windows are of a quality so outstanding that they are rarely surpassed and should be examined very carefully and minutely to understand even in a small way, their intense beauty.

Over the main alter, there are six stained glass windows, which are the work of Messrs Cox, Buckley and Watson. The work on the windows depict the six scenes: Fig. 22. 1. The Annunciation. 2. The Birth of Jesus - with Nagi and shepards adoring. 3. The Crucifiction. 4. The Resurrection. 5. The Asscention. 6. The Assumption of Our Blessed Lady.

The latter was a donation and was erected by Matthew and Johanna Crotty, to the memory of Julia M. Patrick and Thomas -their child. The others are part of the beautification of the church and were completed in 1885. All six treat their subject with extreme delicacy and dignity and must surely elevate the hearts and minds of the beholders.

On St. Joseph's side, there are three beautiful stained glass windows. The first is an image of St. Cataldus and bears an inscription: "St. Cathal, pray for us". This is a very appealing work and was erected by Alice Cunningham to the memopj of her parents. Fig. 20.

The second window honours St. Carthage and bears an almost life size image of the saint, with two angels on either side, and bearing also, a unique coloured reproduction of Lismore Castle with the bridge trees and foliage, which is awe-inspiring and of rare beauty. This was erected by the parishioners in 1904 to the memory of the pastor Ven. Archdeacon McGrath P.P. V.F. Fig. 20.

The third is St. Colman OILiathain, bishop of Lismore from 726-715. It was erected by the parishioners to the memory of a beloved curate Fr. James Mockler, who was Billed when thrown from his horse on bky 18th, 1911. Fig. 20. FIG 22 FIG 20

FIG 21 .. , . The first stained glass window, leading from Our Lady's Alter is "The Vision of St. Itall, erected by Alice Cunningham to the memory of her brother, Thomas R.I.P. As the title indicates it depicts St. Ita and her vision in wonderous detail. The lower part is superb, containing a harp with liberal patterns executed with most delicate artistry. Fig. 21.

The second window is to the memory of Ven. Archdeacon Sheehy, by his numerous friends. The window is a complete unit but it is divided into three segments: At the top, St. Bridgid is surrounded by .holy women. In the centre, St. Patrick visiting the High King of Tara, and St. Collwocille is the lowest figure on his way to Iona, where he was to be exiled for life. In all three there is vivid imagery, attractive colourful design and unblemished finish. Fig. 21.

The third window is "God and St. Anne His Servantn, which was the gift of Annie P. Walsh and was erected in 1930. Besides the central title figure, there are others. There are most unusual shades of colouring with blue, red and green pre-dominating. At a lower point there is an inset cross within a circle, surrounded with ecclesiastical imagery and intricate interlacing.

The fourth window is dedicated to the memory of Kate OIRegan, who died on April 8th, 1901, and bears the inscription: ItNaomh Caitlin Guid Orainn1I. The saint would appear to be St. Catherine of Alexandria, who was very well off, but preferred virtue and chastity to all wordly goods and advantages. The Emperor Maximinus tried to break her spirit but she resisted bravely and so he deprived her of all her estates and goods, and sent her into banishment. Later, she was most cruelly tortured on a spiked wheel, but when it was put in motion, the chord snapped and she was spared a terrible death, only to be eventually be-headed by the same ruler. The figure in the window is unusual and rather dark. She holds a Bible of Breviary in her left hand, sword in her right, with foot and sword leaning on the figure of a crowned head. The saint also has a crown on her head, which in turn is surmounted by a halo and stars. The design, on the whole, is colourful and beautiful. There is a celtic interlacing on the lower part and the picture has an imposing border all around. Fig. 21.

The fifth window is no doubt closely associated with the fourth. The dedication is to Johanna OIRegan who died on August 15th, 1884. The inscription is also in Gaelic: "Bainnogan Na bFlaiteas Guid Orainnu (Queen of Heaven, pray for us). The central figure of Our Lady, Queen of Heaven, is beautifully executed with long flo.wing robes. The star effect an2 all other designs are similer to the last window. The Irish lettering has a subtla The two stained glass windows at the end of Our Lady's aisle are facing South and were erected by Rev. Michael OlFarrell of St. Theresa's Church, New York, to the memoFj of his father, Richard, and his mother, Johanna. One wirdow is that of St. Michael with a sword in one hand and a weighing scale in the other. The saint has a serious but benign expression. The c01ouri.n~is bright and attractive and the decorative designs around the central figure are eyecatching.

The second window shows the figure of St. Cathaldus with sta3f and breviary and full vestments. The surrounding ornamental designs are almost similar to those of the other window. Both were designed and completed by Watsons of Youghal and were erected in 1905.

There are three Rose windows; one in the front of the Church, looking down on the organ gallery; the second over Our Lady's Alter and the third over St. Jospehls Alter. The Rose windows are always circular in shape and are a salient feature of Gotic cathedrals. The central figure in the front Rose window is the Sacred Heart of Jesus, contained in a circular inner window with several others containing saints or' the church with.mdli'bned glass of different colours. Fig. 19.

The Rose window over the Alter of Our Lady of Perpetual Succour is a beautiful work. The central figure is Our Lady - a circular window surrounded by 6 others of similar size and design, and furthur smaller windows, all contained in a large coloured circle of glass. Fig. 24.

The third Rose window over St. Joseph's Alter is similarly constructed. St. Jospeph is featured as the central figure with lily in hand, and he too has six surrounding windows each with a central Celtic cross, encompassed by a circular glass strip with alternating gold and green and a containing blue circle, emphasising the figure of Joseph and all of which is very pleasing to the eye. Fig. 23. FIG 23

FIG 24 THE PAINTINGS AND STATUES. Anyone visiting the Church cannot fail to be attracted by the t~.robeautiful paintings, one on either side, of the side chapels. The first is entitled; "Gloria in Excelsis" and depicts the Birth of Jesus with Magi offering gifts and the shepards doing likewise. Fig. 25.

The second paiqting is entitled; "He Blessed Them". It shows Jesus with a child in his arms blessing the women and little children, and two angels bearing a banner with the title. Both are beautifully finished and are almost life size. The artist was Mr. Watson who was also responsible for most to the stained glass windows. It is hard to imagine he was only 16 years of age when he painted them. Fig. 26.

The Stations of the Cross are another example of fine pieces of work. They were painted with oils and their original cost 100 year ago was IR516 each. In recent years they were completly refurbished, but unfortunatly, the plaques naming the donors were never replaced.

Five splendid statues still survive in the church. The statue of Our Lady is a beautifully carved figure located near Our Lady's Alter. At the opposite side is a statue of The Sacred Heart of Jesus which holds an honoured place. At the entrance to Our Lady's side is the statue of "Our Lady Help of Christiansn, and also St. Anthony. St.Josephls statue is at the foot of the other side. FIG 25

FIG 26 OTHER INTERESTING ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES. TI% HIGH ALTER:

The High Alter is really worthy of the Church. It is of pure Carrara marble, with panrielled sides and was designed and built by Mr. OtConnell, sculptor of Cork. The panels, representing The Last Supper, inlaid 1dth Africian onyx were included. The pillars supporting the canopy are of pure Kilkenny black marble, the capitals solid brass and the canopy one block of Carrara marble. The dome is also of Carrara, inlaid with African onyx. The panel backs and candle benches are relieved by pillarettes of Abyssinian marble, having balls of onyx inserted. The original cost was IRS912, a large sum of money in those days. Following the dictates of Vatican Two, indicating that the priest face the congregration when celebrating mass, a new Table Alter was built in front of the main alter and the panel representing Tne Last Supper was incorporated into this. Rev. Fr. Keating C.C. bad a lighting system installed which illuminates the figures and creates a most striking effect. He also had installed the two santuary lamps and the suspended wooden cross bearing the figure of the crucified Christ. Fig. 27.

ALTER OF OUR LADY OF PERPETUAL SUCCOUR:

This alter was erected to the memory of Mr. Patrick Geary - a grain and corn merchant who died on the 8th November, 1884, by his devoted widow. Our Lady of Perpetual Succour is a carved figure with the child Jesus in her =ms and a halo around her head, beneath a marble canopy. At the top left is the figure of an angel bearing a cross, and at the other side, an angel bearing a sword. To the immediate left and right of Our Lady are intricate carvings of the Annunciation and the Coronation of Our Lady, Queen of Heaven. The lower part of the alter shows the Immaculate Heart of Mary surrounded by floral carvings and spherical decorations. Fig. 28.

ST. JOSEPE S AL2ER:

As one would expect, the carved figwe of St. Joseph dominates this alter. At either side and level with his head are angels. To the sides are, first, a carving of St. Joseph being guided by God and an angel, and the second, Jesus and Mary atten2ing the dsath of St. Joseph. Beneath Yne alter marble table are flowers and the letters ItS.J." are entwined with carvings of berried plants and flowers. Fig. 29. TEE PORCH, SCi(l%N MTE GALLERY:

The Porch, Screen and Organ Gallery originally cost 1x5175. The heads carved in front of the gallery represent Irish saints such as Adrian, Columcille (blindfold), Ita, Bridgid, and Dympna. The railing of the gallery is a highly artistic work. The organ was installed by Messrs Chesnutt of Waterford. Fig. 30.

THE MORTUARY:

Very Rev. Michael lialsh P.P. V.F. had the mortuary erected in 1952. It had the same stone as the Church and the stone masons, Thomas and John Keating, had no piers in this art. The finished work codd scarcely be distinguished from that done over 70 years before. The timber work was performed by James Arrigan. The stained glass windows of the Mortuary represent The Crucifiction, The Resurrection and the Asscention. The picture of Our Lady of Perpetual Succour is placed here, as is the candle branch for lights for particular intentions. The picture was presented to the Church many years ago by Minnie Meaghar of Lisnore. The wrought iron gates leading in to the Mortuary are excellent examples of this type of work.

FIG 29 FIG

- FIG 31 51 CONCLUSION I

In this essay, I have gathered as much information as I could find, researched it, and learned much about the famous monuments of Lismore. I discovered that Lismore was undoubtedly a very famous town, and it's monastic settlement gathered people from far and wide. It's churches are two classic expmples of the Romanesque and Gothic Architecture, both which I have studied in detail and are well worth a visit to any who have not yet had the pleasure. Few places in Ireland could surpass the beauty, history, architecture and cultural backround that Lismore has to offer. The Kilkenny Archaeloqical Society: The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquanies of Ireland: 1937.

The Kilkenny Archaelogical Society: The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquanies of Ireland: 1938.

Gough M. : St. Carthagels Parish Church, Lismore: 1884-1984.

Power Eamon Very Rev. D. Lilt M.R.I.A.: Lismore - Mochuda

Thorn A.: Thorn's Directory of the City and County of Waterford: 1909.

Harvey N. : Parochial iiistory of Waterford and Lismore: 1912.

Masson Flora: Robert Boyle - A Biography: 1914.

Ganstin Ribton John M.R.I.A.: The McGragh Tomb in Lismore Cathedral.

Power Patrick: Waterford and Lismore.

Egan P.M. : History Guide and Director of County and City of Waterford.

Canthage Father: The story of St. Carthage: 1937.

Cusack M.F.: The History of the Irish Nation: 1876.

Lewis Samuel: A Topographical Directory of Irelad. LEABEARLANNA CEKQNNDAE PNORTLAIRGE WATERFORD COUNTY LIBRARY SERVICE ok must be returned on or efore last date entered below.