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Jaguarundi Scientific Name: Felis Yagouaroundi Cacomitli Federal Status: Endangered, 6/14/76 • State Status: Endangered

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Jaguarundi Scientific Name: Felis Yagouaroundi Cacomitli Federal Status: Endangered, 6/14/76 • State Status: Endangered Jaguarundi Scientific Name: Felis yagouaroundi cacomitli Federal Status: Endangered, 6/14/76 • State Status: Endangered Description and information from Mexico indicate day. Jaguarundis forage mainly on The Jaguarundi is a small, slender- that the Jaguarundi may be more tol- the ground. Prey includes birds, bodied, unspotted cat, slightly larger erant of open areas, such as grass- rabbits, reptiles, and small rodents. than a domestic cat (7-22 pounds). lands and pastures, than the Ocelot. Historical accounts from Mexico sug- Jaguarundis are characterized by slen- Typical habitat consists of mixed gest that Jaguarundis are good swim- der, elongated bodies, small flattened thornshrub species such as spiny mers and enter the water freely. heads, and long tails (11-24 inches) hackberry, brasil, desert yaupon, Little is known regarding more reminiscent of an otter or wolfberry, lotebush, amargosa, white- Jaguarundi reproduction in Texas. In weasel than a cat. Other characteris- brush, catclaw, blackbrush, lantana, Mexico, Jaguarundis are said to be tics include short legs standing at a guayacan, cenizo, elbowbush, and solitary, except during the mating height of 11 inches at the shoulder; Texas persimmon. Interspersed trees season of November and December. and short, rounded, widely spaced such as mesquite, live oak, ebony, and Kittens have been reported in March ears. There are three color phases: hackberry may also occur. Riparian and also in August. It is not known black, reddish-brown and a brownish- habitats along rivers or creeks are whether females produce one or two gray. Because of similarity in size, the sometimes used by Jaguarundis. litters each season. The gestation Canopy cover and density of period is 60 to 75 days, and litters shrubs are important considerations contain two to four young. in identifying suitable habitat. Little information exists concerning optimal habitat for the Jaguarundi in Texas. Scientists speculate that these elusive cats are similar to the Ocelot in their requirement for dense brush cover. Tracts of at least 100 acres of isolated dense brush, or 75 acres of brush interconnected with other habitat tracts by brush corridors, are considered important habi- tat. Even brush tracts as small as 5 acres, when adjacent to larger areas of habitat, may be used by Jaguarundis. Roads, narrow water bodies, and rights-of-way are not con- sidered barriers to movements. Brushy fence lines, water courses, and other brush strips connecting areas of habitat are very important in provid- ing escape and protective cover. Threats and Reasons These strip corridors are considered for Decline important habitat. Historically, dense mixed brush Texas counties where Jaguarundis occurred along dry washes, arroyos, occurred during the past 30 years resacas, and the flood plains of the include Cameron and Willacy. Rio Grande. The extensive shrub Jaguarundi © USFWS Gary Halvorsen lands of the Lower Rio Grande Valley Life History have been converted to agriculture Jaguarundi can easily be confused Little information is available concern- and urban development over the past with a large black feral cat, especially ing the biology of the Jaguarundi in 60 years. Much of this land, particu- when seen in low light or dense cover. Texas. Most of what is known comes larly the more fertile soils, has been from anecdotal or historical writings cleared for production of vegetables, Habitat and information gained through the citrus, sugarcane, cotton, and other Little is known about the habitat of study of Ocelots in south Texas. crops. Unfortunately for the Jaguarundis in Texas. It is thought Jaguarundis hunt primarily dur- Jaguarundi and Ocelot (another that they occur in the dense thorny ing the day with peak activity occur- endangered South Texas cat), the best shrublands of the Rio Grande Valley. ring at midday. They are less soil types also grow the thickest Their habitat may be very similar to nocturnal than the Ocelot and have that of the Ocelot, although sightings been observed more often during the Jaguarundi 1 brush and thus produce the best Grove Sanctuary near Brownsville For More Information habitat. Less than 5% of the original (956) 541-8034. Contact vegetation remains in the Rio Grande Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Valley. How You Can Help Wildlife Diversity Branch The Jaguarundi is one of the You can be involved with the conser- 4200 Smith School Road rarest cats in Texas, with only the vation of Texas’ nongame wildlife Austin, Texas 78744 Jaguar, which has not been reported resources by supporting the Special (512) 912-7011 or (800) 792-1112 in recent years, being rarer. Informa- Nongame and Endangered Species or tion about this species is urgently Conservation Fund. Special nongame U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service needed. Unless vigorous conserva- stamps and decals are available at Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife tion measures are taken soon, this Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Refuge elusive cat may join the list of species (TPWD) field offices, most state P.O. Box 450 extirpated from the United States. parks, and the License Branch of Rio Hondo, Texas 78583 TPWD headquarters in Austin. (956) 748-3607 Recovery Efforts The Feline Research Program at the or Very little is known concerning Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Jaguarundi biology in south Texas. Institute (Texas A&M University- Ecological Services – LRGV Office Research regarding capture tech- Kingsville) also accepts contributions Route 2, Box 202-A niques, reproduction, rearing of to its Cat Conservation Fund. These Alamo, Texas 78516 young, dispersal, home range, and funds are dedicated to the research (956) 784-7560 movements is urgently needed. and recovery of free-ranging wild cats Recently initiated Jaguarundi research of Texas. For more information, con- Management guidelines are available in northeast Mexico, where they are tact the Feline Research Program at from the Texas Parks and Wildlife more common, will enable biologists (361) 593-3922. The public is asked Department or U.S. Fish and Wildlife to better understand the requirements to report sightings of Jaguarundis to Service for landowners and managers for a viable population. This informa- the Feline Research Program, Texas wishing to conserve and improve tion can then be used to assist conser- Parks and Wildlife Department, or habitat for the Jaguarundi. vation efforts for the Jaguarundi in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Be Texas. Efforts to inform landowners sure to note size, color, habitat, and the public about the habitat behavior, location, date, and time of needs, land management options, and day seen. biology of the Jaguarundi are also crit- ical to recovery. Conservation of remaining habi- tat, and maintenance or creation of brush corridors connecting these habitats, is necessary for survival of the Jaguarundi population in Texas. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, The Nature Conservancy, and many local landowners have been working to protect, acquire and restore Jaguarundi habitat in the Rio Grande Valley. Restoration generally involves Rio Grande resaca © TPWD revegetating previously cleared areas with native trees and shrubs. References Where To Learn More Burt, W.H. and R.P. Grossenheider. 1964. A field guide to the mammals. About Jaguarundis Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Mass. 284pp. The best places to visit to learn more Davis, W.B. and D.J. Schmidly. 1994. The mammals of Texas. Texas Parks and about the Jaguarundi are the Laguna Wildlife Press. Austin, Texas. 338pp. Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge near Tewes, M.E. and D.J. Schmidly. 1987. “The neotropical felids: jaguar, ocelot, Rio Hondo (956) 748-3607, Santa Ana margay, and jaguarundi” in M. Novak, J. Baker, M.E. Obbard and B. Malloch (eds.) Wild Furbearer Management and Conservation in North America. Min- National Wildlife Refuge near Alamo istry of Natural Resources, Ontario. 703-705. (956) 787-3079, Bentsen-Rio Grande U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1990. Listed cats of Texas and Arizona recovery Valley State Park near Mission (956) plan (with emphasis on the ocelot). Endangered Species Office, Albuquerque, 585-1107, Las Palomas Wildlife Man- N.M. agement Area near Edinburg (956) Walker, E.P., F. Warnick, K.I. Lange, H.E. Uible, and P.F. Wright. 1975. Mammals of 447-2704, and Audubon’s Sabal Palm the world. Vol. 2. John Hopkins Univ. Press, Baltimore. 1500pp. 2 Jaguarundi Funds for the production of this leaflet were provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, under Section 6 of the Endangered Species Act..
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