Folia Cryptog. Estonica, Fasc. 47: 85–96 (2010)

The lichen biota of three nature reserves in island ,

Ave Suija1, Paweł Czarnota2, Dmitry Himelbrant3, Agnieszka Kowalewska4, Martin Kukwa4, Ekaterina Kuznetsova3, Ede Leppik1, Jurga Motiejūnaitė5, Alfons Piterāns6, Ulf Schiefelbein7, Maria Skazina3, Mohammad Sohrabi8, Irina Stepanchikova3 & Katalin Veres9 1 Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 38/40, EE-51005 Tartu, Estonia. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Scientific Laboratory of the Gorce National Park, Poręba Wielka 590, PL-34-735 Niedźwiedź; Department of Agroecology, University of Rzeszów, Ćwiklińskiej 2, PL-35-601 Rzeszów, Poland. E-mail: [email protected] 3 St. Petersburg State University, Department of Botany, Universitetskaya emb. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 4 Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Protection, Gdansk University, Al. Legionów 9, PL-80-441 Gdansk, Poland. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 5 Institute of Botany, Žaliuju Ežeru Str. 49, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania. E-mail: [email protected] 6 Department of Botany and Ecology, University of Latvia, 4 Kronvalda bulv., LV-1586 Riga, Latvia. E-mail: [email protected] 7 Blücherstrasse 71, D-18055 Rostock, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] 8 Finnish Museum of Natural History, Botanical Garden and Museum, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Plant Science, University of Tabriz, 51666, Tabriz, Iran. E-mail: [email protected] 9 Institute of Ecology and Botany, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-2163 Vácrátót, Hungary. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: A description of the lichen biota of three nature reserves – Kaugatoma-Lõo, Odalätsi and Viieristi reserves in Saaremaa island, Estonia is presented. In total 404 species are listed, of them 228 are recorded from Kaugatoma-Lõo, 169 from Odalätsi and 167 from Viieristi reserves. The composition of the lichen biota of the reserves reflects the availability of habitats (alvar grasslands, sand dunes, different types of forests) in the area. The share of rare and protected species is the highest in Kaugatoma-Lõo reserve because of the rare in Estonia habitats (thin calcium-rich soils) and substrata (lignum of old, dead junipers). Ramalina elegans, previously considered as extinct in Estonia, was re-found from Odalätsi and Viieristi reserves. Kokkuvõte: Kolme Saaremaa kaitseala samblike elustik Esitatakse kolme Saaremaa kaitseala – Kaugatoma-Lõo, Odalätsi ja Viieristi kaitsealade samblikustiku lühikirjeldused koos samblike moodustavate ja samblikel kasvavate seente nimekirjadega. Kolmelt kaitsealalt kokku on teada 404 liiki, neist 228 Kaugatoma-Lõo, 169 Odalätsi ning 167 Viieristi kaitsealalt. Enim haruldasi ja kaitstavaid taksoneid leiti Kaugatoma-Lõo kaitselalt kuna kaitseala põhilised biotoobid – kuivad looniidud – on samblike poolest liigirikkad, samas vähelevinud. Palju haruldasi liike Kaugatoma-Lõo kaitsealal kasvab ka vanadel, kuivanud kadakatel. Jäik rihmsamblik (Ramalina elegans), mida loeti Eestis hävinuks, leiti taas Odalätsi ja Viieristi kaitsealadelt.

INTRODUCTION Nature reserves are formed for preserving or of three protected areas in Saaremaa – Kauga- maintaining wildlife, biodiversity, features of toma-Lõo Landscape Reserve (LR), Odalätsi LR landscape or other aspects of special interest. Up and Viieristi Nature Reserve (NR). The survey to now, there are about 400 reserves in Estonia, was carried out mainly within the frameworks covering approximately 5900 km², which is c. of XVIIth symposium of Baltic Mycologists and 13% of the Estonian land area (http://loodus. Lichenologists (BML) held in Saaremaa from keskkonnainfo.ee/w5/). Lichen inventories September 17th to 21th, 2008. We present here have been carried out in several of them, but (1) a list of lichenized, lichenicolous and allied only some species-lists have been published fungi of the reserves, (2) a basic overview about (Martin et al., 1999; Randlane, 1981; Suija et protected and rare species, and (3) notes about al., 2007; Suija & Jüriado, 2002). This paper is substrate preferences of lichens found in these inspired by the floristic survey of the habitats reserves. 86 Folia Cryptog. Estonica

Study areas this limited area (378 ha) 22 officially protected The principles of the protection of these three plant species (Ajuga pyramidalis, Taxus bac- reserves are different as the set of habitats is cata, Hedera helix, etc.) in Estonia have been diverse. Kaugatoma-Lõo LR (499.5 ha), situated recorded. The reserve includes shore bluff Viier- in Sõrve peninsula (Fig. 1) was founded to pro- isti mäed (Viieristi mountains; 24–27 m height), tect geologically important Kaugatoma limestone which has been formed from the Littorina Sea cliffs (the entire cliff is 360 m long and 1.9 m stage with the development of the . high) and the largest area of calcareous thin-soil Under the shore bluff, a unique for Estonia grasslands on Ordovician or Silurian limestone calcium-rich spring fen lies as a 10–15 meters (alvars) in Saaremaa, Lõo alvar (Vabariigi Valit- zone. There is also a temporary water body – suse määrus 380, 2000). As these semi-natural Koltsi lake. Various types of forests spread in habitats are dependent on the suitable manage- the area including eutrophic boreo-nemoral, ment, then sheep grazing, mowing and chopping meso-eutrophic boreo-nemoral hillock, paludi- down bushes and trees is supported here to fying and peatland forests (Vabariigi Valitsuse maintain the alvar-grassland area. määrus 110, 1997). Odalätsi Landscape Reserve (Fig. 1) in the western part of Saaremaa (163 ha) was founded MATERIALS AND METHODS to protect Odalätsi karst springs (northern part The list of species is based on the data collected of the reserve) and sand dunes (southern part), by the participants of the XVIIth symposium of and natural and semi-natural habitats lying on Baltic Mycologists and Lichenologists held in them. The dunes are partly covered with Cladina Saaremaa from September 17th to 21th, 2008. type boreal heath pine forests. The springs area As the reserves (especially Kaugatoma-Lõo) are is surrounded predominantly by paludified and interesting in respect of lichens and have been peatland forests (Vabariigi Valitsuse määrus visited before, then some data originate also 133, 2007). from previous studies. The database of Esto- Viieristi Nature Reserve (378 ha) in the east- nian lichens eSamba, cryptogam database of ern part of Sõrve peninsula (Fig. 1) was estab- Natural History Museum of Stockholm Krypto- lished mainly as a botanical reserve because in S, herbarium databases of Uppsala and Lund

Fig. 1. The location of the Kaugatoma-Lõo, Odalätsi (Odalätsi-1 – Odalätsi springs; Odalätsi-2 – Odalätsi dunes) and Viieristi reserves in Saaremaa island, Estonia. 87

Universities have been used as well as published Protected and rare species (Ekman et al., 1991; Moberg, 1992; Aptroot et The number of rare and protected species is al., 2005) and unpublished data. the highest in Kaugatoma-Lõo LR (Fig. 2) where Specimens which were difficult to identify in three species of the II protection category (Cla- the field were determined using routine meth- donia convoluta, Solorina saccata, Squamarina ods of microscopy described in hand-books lentigera) and two species of the III category (e.g. Jüriado et al., 2004). Lichen substances of (Fulgensia bracteata, Psora decipiens) have sterile specimens and of taxonomically critical been reported. All species, mentioned above, are species (e.g. Cladonia chlorophaea group) were specialized to grow on thin, calcium-rich soils in determined using the thin layer chromatography Estonia which have a limited distribution area in (TLC) method by Orange et al. (2001). Estonia spreading mainly in western part of the The material collected during the sympo- country and islands (Kukk & Sammul, 2006). sium is preserved in following herbaria: Depart- From Viieristi NR, one species of the II category, ment of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conserva- Chaenotheca gracilenta, and two species of the tion, Gdansk University (UGDA); herbarium III category, Thelotrema lepadinum and Hypo- of Gorce National Park (GPN); Department of cenomyce anthracophila, were recorded. The first Botany, Saint Petersburg University (LECB); two are known only from old forests, and are Institute of Botany, Lithuania (BILAS), Botani- therefore endangered by the forest management cal and Mycological Museum, Natural History activities (Randlane, 2006). From the territory Museum, University of Tartu (TU), private collec- of Odalätsi NR, Stereocaulon condensatum, a tions of Ulf Schiefelbein (herb. U. Schiefelbein) protected species of the III category has been and Mohammad Sohrabi (herb. M. Sohrabi). A rare species is defined here as a species reported before, however, the species was not with less than ten localities in Estonia; the in- found during the BML symposium (Appendix). formation about rarity comes from the database The number of rare taxa is also the highest of eBiodiversity (http://elurikkus.ut.ee/). The in Kaugatoma-Lõo LR (Fig. 2). In total 72 rare li- data about protected species originate from Riigi chens are known from this area. Several of them Teataja (Vabariigi Valitsuse määrus 195, 2004; have been found on old dead junipers (Junipe- Keskkonnaministri määrus 51, 2004) and the rus communis), e.g. Buellia arborea, Caloplaca data about red-listed species from Randlane et herbidella and C. hungarica. Sphaerophorus al. (2008). The nomenclature follows Randlane globosus, which was reported twice in 1980ies et al. (2009). from the alvar, was not re-found during BLM excursion (Appendix). 31 rare lichenized and lichenicolous spe- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION cies are known from the Odalätsi reserve. They In total 404 species of lichenized, lichenicolous and allied fungi were listed, of them 228 from 180! 156! Kaugatoma-Lõo Landscape Reserve, 169 from 160! Odalätsi LR and 167 from Viieristi Nature Re- 138! 140! 140! serve (Appendix). Among the recorded species, there are five lichenized Buellia( arborea, Lecania 120! cyrtellina, Lecanora compallens, Micarea myrio- 100! Common! carpa, Verrucaria olivacella) �������������������and six lichenico- 80! 72! Rare! lous fungi (Acremonium antarcticum, Capronia no. of species ! 60! peltigerae, Pyrenochaeta xanthoriae, Scutula aff. Protected! heeri, Stigmidium mycobilimbiae and S. solorina- 40! 31! 27! rium) which have recently been reported as new 20! 5! 1! 2! for the country (Suija et al., 2009; Appendix). 0! Ramalina elegans, collected only once earlier Kaugatoma-Lõo! Odalätsi! Viieristi! from the island (near Saaremaa) by nature reserves! Veli Räsänen in 1929 (R. Skyten, pers. comm.) Fig. 2. The numbers of common, rare and pro- and considered therefore as extinct in Estonia tected species of lichenized and lichenicolous (Randlane et al., 2008), has been re-found from fungi in Kaugatoma-Lõo, Odalätsi and Viieristi Odalätsi and Viieristi reserves. reserves. 88 Folia Cryptog. Estonica

! are recorded on different substrata, includ- ing windthrows (e.g. Micarea myriocarpa and Psilolechia clavulifera), small twigs of spruce (Fellhanera bouteillei) and decaying wood (Cla- donia caespiticia, C. cryptochlorophaea and C. decorticata). The number of rare taxa in Viieristi reserve is 28. These species have been recorded on the bark of deciduous trees (e.g. Caloplaca lucifuga, Opegrapha sorediifera), on epiphytic mosses (Normandina acroglypta) and on decay- ing lignum (Caloplaca cerinella and Opegrapha ochrocheila). Fig. 3. The numbers of lichens and lichenicolous fungi Most of the reported lichenicolous species on different substrate groups in Viieristi, Odalätsi and have less than ten known localities in Estonia Kaugatoma-Lõo reserves. The abbreviation of substrata: which is partly due to the short history of the decidous – decidous trees and shrubs, coniferous – coni- investigations of these fungi (Suija, 2005) but ferous trees, lignum – decaying wood, timber, dead trees, also due to the unknown reasons of their uneven etc.; windthrow – root system of upended trees; ground – and fragmented distribution. ground level; mosses – epiphytic, epigeic, epilithic mosses. Substrate groups 23 species compared with nine and eight species The composition of lichen biota of the studied which have been found in Odalätsi and Viieristi reserves reflects the accessibility of habitats and reserves, respectively. Thirteen species of the substrata of these areas. Lichens on deciduous lichenicolous fungi from Kaugatoma-Lõo are and coniferous trees and on different forest confined to epigeic lichens (Appendix). structural elements (logs, stumps, snags, etc.) dominate in Odalätsi and Viieristi reserves while epigeic and epilithic species were overwhelm- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ingly found in Kaugatoma-Lõo reserve (Fig. 3). We thank State Nature Conservation Centre The number of epigeic species is almost the Saare region and especially Maarja Nõmm for same in Kaugatoma-Lõo and Odalätsi reserves, supporting the field trips through the project 44 and 43 species respectively, but in the first of Environmental investment centre. Ave Suija case, the group is composed of calciphilous thanks Juha Pykälä and Teuvo Ahti (both from species (Cladonia foliacea, C. subrangiformis, Helsinki) who determined some Verrucaria spe- Psora decipiens, etc.), while species growing on cies and Cladonia subrangiformis respectively, acid, sandy soil (Stereocaulon spp., Placynthiella Piret Lõhmus and Tiiu Tõrra (both from Tartu) uliginosa) are present in Odalätsi reserve. for providing their data and Jaan Liira for com- The lignum of old, dead junipers (Juniperus piling the Figure 1. We also thank an anomyous communis) serves as a main substrate for epix- reviewer and an editor for their criticism. ylic species in Kaugatoma-Lõo reserve. In total, The visit of Pawe Czarnota to Saaremaa 23 species have been found there, with several ł was supported by Polish Ministry of Sciences rare lichens (Buellia arborea, Caloplaca hunga- and Higher Education, grant no. N304 306835 rica, Lecanora compallens, etc.). The lignicolous (2008–2011); Irina Stepanchikova – Russian taxa (e.g. Hypocenomyce anthracophila, Placyn- Foundation of Fundamental Science, Project thiella dasaea) in the Odalätsi NR grow mainly No. 08-04-08324; Ekaterina Kuznetsova and on decorticated snags, stumps and logs of pines Dmitry Himelbrant – Russian Foundation of (Pinus sylvestris). The value of different kind of Fundamental Science, Project No. 08-04-00569; 'dead wood' for increasing lichen species rich- Mohammad Sohrabi by the Societas Biologica ness in forest ecosystems has been emphasised Fennica Vanamo; Jurga Motiej nait by the bi- in several recent studies (Lõhmus & Lõhmus, ū ė lateral exchange programme between Academies 2001; Spribille et al., 2008). of Science of Estonia and Lithuania and Katalin The highest number of lichenicolous fungi Veres by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. has been recorded in Kaugatoma-Lõo reserve – 89

The activities of Ave Suija and Ede Leppik Orange, A., James, P. W. & White, F. J. 2001. Microc- were financed by the Estonian Science Founda- hemical methods for the identification of lichens. tion (grant GLOOM7816), target-financing pro- British Lichen Society. 101 pp. jects (SF0180012s09 and SF0180153s08) and Poelt, J. 1969. Bestimmungsschlüssel europäische Flechten. Lehre, Cramer. 757 pp. through the European Regional Development Randlane, T. 1981. Lichens of the State Re- Fund (Centre of Excellence FIBIR). serve, Estonian S. S. R. Folia Cryptog. Estonica 15: 2–5. REFERENCES Randlane, T. 2006. Samblikud nüüd riiklikult kaitstud (Lichens are now officially protected).Eesti Loodus Aptroot, A., Czarnota, P., Jüriado, I., Kocourková, J., 5: 20–23. (In Estonian). Kukwa, M., Lõhmus, P., Palice, Z., Randlane, T., Randlane, T., Jüriado, I., Suija, A., Lõhmus, P. & Saag, L., Sérusiaux, E., Sipman, H., Sparrius, L. Leppik, E. 2008. 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APPENDIX. Arctoparmelia incurva (Pers.) Hale [EN] – Kau: Gr (Leg: HL, 1933: eSamba) The list of lichenized, lichenicolous and al- Arthonia didyma Körb. [NT] – Oda: AG, AI, SS (Leg: PC, lied fungi in Kaugatoma-Lõo, Odalätsi and DH, IS) Viieristi reserves # Arthonia intexta Almq. – Kau: in apothecia of Lecidella cf. elaeochroma on JClignum (Leg: MK) Abbreviations of Red list categories [in square brack- Arthonia leucopellaea (Ach.) Almq. – Vii: PA (Leg: DH, EL) ets]: RE – Regionally Extinct, CR – Critically Endan- Arthonia punctiformis Ach. – Oda: AP (Leg: EK) gered, EN – Endangered, VU – Vulnerable, NT – Near Arthonia radiata (Pers.) Ach – Oda: SA, PStwig (Leg: IS, Threatened, DD – Data Deficient; of reserves: Kau EL); Vii: FE, SA (Leg: AK, EL) – Kaugatoma Landscape Reserve, Oda – Odalätsi Arthonia spadicea Leight. – Oda: PS (Leg: EL); Vii: AG, Landscape Reserve, Vii – Viieristi Nature Reserve; of PS (Leg: DH, EL, US) substrata: Gr – granite, Ls – limestone, Grd – ground, Arthonia vinosa Leight. – Vii: PS (Leg: AS) Wth – windthrow; AG – Alnus glutinosa, AI – Alnus Arthopyrenia sp. – Oda: PS (Leg: AS) Aspicilia caesiocinerea (Nyl. ex Malbr.) Arnold – Kau: Gr incana, AP – Acer platanoides, BP – Betula pendula, (Leg: HT, 1982: eSamba) CA – Corylus avellana, CR – Craetaegus sp., FE – Fraxi- Aspicilia calcarea (L.) Mudd – Kau: Ls (Leg: AK, US, nus excelsior, JC – Juniperus communis, QR – Quercus MS, PL) robur, PA – Picea abies, PS – Pinus sylvestris, PT – Aspicilia cinerea (L.) Körb. – Kau: Gr (Ekman et al., 1991); Populus tremula, SA – Sorbus aucuparia, SC – Salix Vii: Gr (Leg: EL) caprea, SF – Salix fragilis, SI – Salix intermedia, SN Aspicilia contorta (Hoffm.) Kremp. ssp. contorta – Kau: – Sambucus nigra, SS – Salix sp.; abbreviations of Ls (Leg: US, KV, PL) collectors (in brackets): Leg: – collected or observed Aspicilia contorta subsp. hoffmanniana S. Ekman & by; det: – determined by; AK – Agnieszka Kowalewska, Fröberg – Kau: Ls (Leg: TR, 1983: eSamba) AP – Alfons Piterāns, AS – Ave Suija, BK – Bellis Aspicilia moenium (Vain.) G. Thor & Timdal – Kau: Ls Kullman, DH – Dmitry Himelbrant, EK – Ekaterina (Leg: DH, IS, EK); Oda: concrete (Leg: US)

Kuznetsova, EL – Ede Leppik, HL – Hilja Lippmaa, Bacidia arceutina (Ach.) Arnold – Kau: JClignum , JC (Leg:

HT – Hans Trass, IS – Irina Stepanchikova, JM – Ju- PC, US); Oda: AG, JC, PA, PS, SA (Leg: MK, PC, DH, IS, rga Motiejūnaitė, JP – Juhani Püttsepp; KV – Katalin JM, AS, US); Vii: snag of deciduous tree (Leg: PC, AS) Veres, MK – Martin Kukwa, MS – Mohammad Sohrabi, Bacidia bagliettoana (A. Massal. & De Not.) Jatta – Kau: MSk – Maria Skazina, PC – Paweł Czarnota, PL – Piret on plant debris, mosses (Leg: PC, IS); Oda: on plant Lõhmus, TR – Tiina Randlane, TT – Tiiu Tõrra, US – debris, dead mosses, sand (Leg: PC, DH, JM); Vii: on Ulf Schiefelbein; of databases: eSamba – database of mosses, on soil (Leg: US) Bacidia fraxinea Lönnr. – Kau: SF, JC (Leg: PC); Oda: PT Estonian lichens, Fytoteket – herbarium of Uppsala (Leg: PC); Vii: FE (Leg: PC, JM) University, Krypto-S – cryptogam herbarium of Natural Bacidia rubella (Hoffm.) A. Massal – Kau: JC, SF (Leg: AK, History Museum of Stockholm, Lund – herbarium of US, DH, IS, EK); Oda: PS (Leg: PC); Vii: FE (Leg: JM) Lund University. The lichenicolous fungus is marked Bacidia subincompta (Nyl.) Arnold – Vii: BP (Leg: AS) with # and non-lichenized fungus with +. Rare and Bacidina arnoldiana agg. – Vii: FE (Leg: US) – The speci- protected species are underlined. mens growing as epiphytes belong most probably to Bacidia sulphurella which conidia are strongly hooked # Abrothallus peyritschii (Stein) Kotte – Kau: on thallus at one end (e.g. Brand et al., 2009). of Vulpicida tubulosus (Leg: AS) Bacidina chloroticula (Nyl.) Vězda & Poelt – Oda: SA Acarospora glaucocarpa (Ach.) Körb. – Kau: Ls (Ekman (Leg: AK, PC) et al., 1991) Biatora efflorescens (Hedl.) Erichsen – Vii: AG, BP, PS, Acarospora fuscata (Nyl.) Arnold – Kau: Gr (Ekman et SC (Leg: EL, PC) al., 1991) Biatora globulosa (Flörke) Fr. – Vii: FE, snag of deciduous Acarospora macrospora (Hepp) A. Massal. ex Bagl. – Kau: tree (Leg: PC, AS) Gr (Ekman et al., 1991) Bilimbia lobulata (Sommerf.) Hafellner & Coppins [VU] Acarospora smaragdula (Wahlenb.) A. Massal. – Kau: – Kau: Grd (Leg: PC) Gr (Leg: PC, US) Bilimbia microcarpa Th. Fr. – Kau: Grd (Leg: TR, 1984: # Acremonium antarcticum (Speg.) D. Hawksw. – Kau: eSamba) on Xanthoria parietina on PS (Leg: MK) Bilimbia sabuletorum (Schreb.) Arnold – Kau: on dead Acrocordia cavata (Ach.) R.C. Harris – Vii: FE (Leg: EL) mosses and plant debris (Leg: AP); Oda: on mosses Acrocordia gemmata (Ach.) A. Massal. – Kau: JC (Leg: and on lignum (Leg: PC, IS) PC); Oda: AG, JC (Leg: PC); Vii: FE (Leg: JM) Bryoria capillaris (Ach.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. – Oda: PS Agonimia gelatinosa (Ach.) M. Brand & Diederich – Kau: (Leg: EL, MS, PL) on dead mosses (Leg: JM) Bryoria fuscescens (Gyeln.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. – Kau: Agonimia tristicula (Nyl.) A. Zahlbr. – Kau: on mosses, Gr (Leg: HT, 1983: eSamba); Oda: PS (Leg: EL, US, PL) on Cladonia sp. (Leg: PC) Bryoria subcana (Nyl. ex Stizenb.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Anaptychia ciliaris (L.) Körb. – Kau: SS (Leg: US) – Oda: PS (Leg: AS, DH)

Anaptychia ciliaris var. melanosticta (Ach.) Boistel – Kau: Buellia arborea Coppins & Tønsberg – Kau: JClignum Gr (Leg: HL, 1933: eSamba) (Leg: DH) Buellia disciformis (Fr.) Mudd – Vii: (Ekman et al., 1991) 91

Buellia griseovirens (Turner & Borrer ex Sm.) Almb. – Cetraria ericetorum Opiz – Kau: Grd (Leg: HT, 1982:

Kau: SF, JClignum (Leg: MK, PC, US); Oda: SS, PS, BP, eSamba) AI, JC, PT (Leg: MK, AK, US, DH, IS, EK, MS); Vii: AG, Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach. – Kau: Grd (Leg: HT, 1982; SA, FE, BP (Leg: MK, EL, PC, KV) JP, 1986: eSamba); Oda: Grd (Leg: KV, MS, PL, EL, US)

Buellia schaereri De Not. – Kau: JClignum (Leg: DH, IS, EK) Cetraria muricata (Ach.) Eckfeldt – Kau: Grd (Leg: JP,

Calicium abietinum Pers. – Vii: PAsnag (Leg: PL) 1986: eSamba); Oda: Grd (Leg: DH, IS, EK, MS)

Calicium glaucellum Ach. – Oda: PSlignum, snag (Leg: PC, Cetraria sepincola (Ehrh.) Ach. – Oda: on branches of

MS, EL, AS, US, DH); Vii: PSsnag, stump (Leg: EL, US) trees (Leg: DH); Vii: BP (Leg: DH) Calicium quercinum Pers. – Oda: stump (Leg: PL, 1996: Chaenotheca brachypoda (Ach.) Tibell – Vii: stump, eSamba) snag (Leg: EL)

Calicium salicinum Pers. – Vii: PSlignum, PAlignum, snag of Chaenotheca brunneola (Ach.) Müll. Arg. – Vii: wood decidous tree (Leg: PC, EL, AS, US, DH) (Leg: KV)

Calicium viride Pers. – Oda: BP (Leg: PC); Vii: PA, snag Chaenotheca chlorella (Ach.) Müll. Arg. – Vii: AGsnag (Leg: EL, PC, US) (Leg: PL) Caloplaca alociza (A. Massal.) Mig. – Kau: Ls (Ekman Chaenotheca chrysocephala (Turner ex Ach.) Th. Fr. –

et al., 1991) Oda: PS, PSsnag (Leg: KV, PL, EL, AS, AK, US, DH, IS, Caloplaca ammiospila (Wahlenb.) H. Olivier – Kau: JC EK); Vii: BP, PA, stump (Leg: EL, KV, US, EK) (Leg: DH, IS, EK) Chaenotheca ferruginea (Turner & Borrer) Mig. – Oda: Caloplaca cerina (Ehrh. ex Hedw.) Th. Fr. – Kau: JC PS (Leg: EL, AK, KV, MS, PL, DH, IS, EK, US); Vii: PS, (Leg: AK) PA, lignum, stump (Leg: EL, KV, DH) Caloplaca cerinella (Nyl.) Flagey – Vii: dead twigs of dwarf Chaenotheca furfuracea (L.) Tibell – Oda: Wth (Leg: PL, shrubs (Leg: PC) EL, AS); Vii: PS, Wth (Leg: EL) Caloplaca chrysophthalma Degel. – Kau: JC (Leg: DH, Chaenotheca gracilenta (Ach.) J.–E. Mattsson & Middelb. IS, EK) [VU] – Vii: on decaying wood of roots and humus of

Caloplaca citrina (Hoffm.) Th. Fr. – Kau: JClignum (Leg: TR, Wth (Leg: PC) 1989: eSamba); Oda: concrete (Leg: US) Chaenotheca stemonea (Ach.) Müll. Arg. – Vii: stump,

Caloplaca ferruginea (Huds.) Th. Fr. – Kau: JCtwig (Leg: PL) Wth (Leg: EL)

Caloplaca flavorubescens (Huds.) J.R. Laundon – Kau: Chaenotheca trichialis (Ach.) Th. Fr. – Oda: PSsnag, PS (Leg:

JClignum (Leg. S. Ekman, 1989: Lund) PC, AS, DH, IS, EK); Vii: PS, PA, AG (Leg: DH, AS, PL) # Caloplaca grimmiae (Nyl.) H. Olivier – Kau: on Cande- Chaenotheca xyloxena Nádv. – Oda: stump (Leg: EL, AK) lariella vittelina (Moberg, 1992) # Chaenothecopsis consociata (Nádv.) A.F.W. Schmidt Caloplaca herbidella (Hue) H. Magn. – Kau: JC (Leg: MK, – Oda: on Chaenotheca chrysocephala (Leg: PL, AS) PC, DH, IS, EK, MS, PL, JM, US) +/# Chaenothecopsis pusilla (Ach.) A.F.W. Schmidt – Caloplaca holocarpa (Hoffm. ex Ach.) A.E. Wade – Kau: Oda: PS (Leg: DH, IS, EK); Vii: on thallus of Chaeno-

JClignum (Leg: KV, DH, IS, EK); Oda: concrete (Leg: US) theca gracilenta, AG (Leg: PC, AS) Caloplaca hungarica H. Magn. – Kau: JC (Leg: US) # Chaenothecopsis subparoica (Nyl.) Tibell – Oda: on Caloplaca lucifuga G. Thor [NT] – Vii: FE (Leg: MK) Chrysothrix chrysopthalma (probably C. flavovirens) on Caloplaca saxicola (Hoffm.) Nordin – Kau: Gr (Leg: DH, dead PS (Leg. G. Thor, 1989, det. L. Tibell: Krypto-S) IS, EK) Chromatochlamys muscorum (Fr.) H. Mayrhofer & Poelt Caloplaca sinapisperma (Lam. & DC.) Maheu & A. Gillet – Kau: on terricolous mosses and squamules of Cla- – Kau: Grd (Leg: HT, 1982: eSamba) donia sp. over calcareous soil (Leg: PC)

Caloplaca variabilis (Pers.) Müll. Arg. – Kau: Ls (Leg: TR, Chrysothrix flavovirens Tønsberg – Oda: PS, PSsnag (Leg: 1989, 2004: eSamba) DH, IS, EK, MK, AK, US, PL); Vii: stump, AG, BP Candelariella aurella (Hoffm.) Zahlbr. – Kau: Ls (Leg: (Leg: EL, AS) DH, IS, EK); Oda: concrete (Leg: US) Cladina arbuscula (Wallr.) Hale & W.L. Culb. – Kau: Candelariella coralliza (Nyl.) H. Magn. – Kau: Gr (Leg: Grd (Leg: MS, US); Oda: Grd (Leg: EL, AP, US, KV); EL, US, DH, IS) Vii: Grd (Leg: EL) Candelariella reflexa (Nyl.) Lettau – Kau: epiphytic Cladina ciliata var. tenuis (Flörke) Ahti – Kau: Grd (Leg: mosses growing on branches of JC (Leg: US) HT, 1982: eSamba); Oda: Grd (Leg: AP, US) Candelariella vitellina (Hoffm.) Müll. Arg. – Kau: Ls, Gr Cladina mitis (Sandst.) Hustich – Kau: Grd (Leg: HT, (Leg: US, PL); Vii: Gr (Leg: EL) 1982: eSamba); Oda: Grd (Leg: KV) Candelariella xanthostigma (Ach.) Lettau – Kau: JC (Leg: Cladina portentosa (Dufour) Follmann [NT] – Kau: Grd DH, IS, EK) (Leg: HT, 1990: eSamba); Oda: Grd (Leg: AS) # Capronia peltigerae (Fuckel) D. Hawksw. – Oda: on Cladina rangiferina (L.) Nyl. – Kau: Grd (Leg: MS); Oda: moribund thallus of Peltigera rufescens (Leg: JM) Grd (Leg: MS, EL); Vii: Grd (Leg: EL, KV) Catillaria nigroclavata (Nyl.) Schuler – Oda: PS (Leg: EL, Cladina stellaris (Opiz) Brodo – Oda: Grd (Leg: EK) AS); Vii: FE (Leg: PC) Cladina stygia (Fr.) Ahti – Oda: Grd (Leg: AP, MK, US) # Cercidospora epipolytropa (Mudd) Arnold – Kau: on Cladonia bacillaris (Ach.) Nyl. – Oda: stump (Leg: EL); apothecia of Lecanora polytropa (Leg: HT, 1983, det. Vii: stump (Leg: EL) AS: eSamba) Cladonia borealis S. Stenroos [EN] – Kau: Grd (Leg: Cetraria aculeata (Schreb.) Fr. – Kau: Grd (Leg: DH); Oda: AK, DH)

Grd (Leg: MS, PL, EL, US); Vii: Grd (Leg: DH) Cladonia botrytes (K.G. Hagen) Willd. – Oda: PSstump (Leg: EL) 92 Folia Cryptog. Estonica

Cladonia caespiticia (Pers.) Flörke [VU] – Oda: on soft Cladonia squamosa Hoffm. – Oda: Grd, log (Leg: AP, MS, decaying wood (Leg: JM) EL); Vii: Grd (Leg: KV) Cladonia cariosa (Ach.) Spreng. – Oda: Grd (Leg: IS) Cladonia subrangiformis Sandst. – Kau: Grd (Leg: KV, Cladonia carneola (Fr.) Fr. – Oda: log (Leg: EL) PL, det. T. Ahti) Cladonia cenotea (Ach.) Schaer. – Oda: stump, PS, on Cladonia symphycarpia (Flörke) Fr. – Kau: Grd (Leg: rotten lignum (Leg: KV, AS, US, DH, IS, EK, MS); Vii: AK, KV, US) BP, PS, stump (Leg: EL) Cladonia turgida Ehrh. ex Hoffm. – Kau: Grd (Leg: PL) Cladonia cervicornis subsp. verticillata (Hoffm.) Ahti – Cladonia uncialis (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg. – Oda: Grd Oda: Grd (Leg: US, EL, DH, IS, EK, MS) (Leg: AS, EL, DH) Cladonia chlorophaea (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Spreng. – Clauzadea chondrodes (A. Massal.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux Kau: Grd (Leg: AK); Oda: Grd, PS (Leg: KV, EL, AK); – Kau: Ls (Meyer, 2002) Vii: bark of tree (Leg: KV) Clauzadea monticola (Schaer.) Hafellner & Bellem. – Kau: Cladonia coniocraea (Flörke) Spreng. – Oda: PS (Leg: AP, Ls (Ekman et al., 1991)

MS, EL, MS); Vii: BPsnag, log, BP, PS (Leg: EL) Cliostomum griffithii (Sm.) Coppins – Oda: on hard wood

Cladonia convoluta (Lam.) Anders [VU] – Kau: Grd (Leg: of old fence (Leg: PC); Vii: PA, PAlignum (Leg: PC, DH, EL, PL, TT, KV) EK, US) Cladonia cornuta (L.) Hoffm. – Oda: Grd (Leg: AK, KV, # Clypeococcum hypocenomycis D. Hawksw. – Oda: on EL, AS) Hypocenomyce scalaris on PS (Leg: AK); Vii: on H. Cladonia crispata (Ach.) Flot. – Oda: Grd (Leg: EL) scalaris on stump (Leg: EL)

Cladonia cryptochlorophaea Asahina – Kau: JC, JClignum Collema bachmanianum (Fink) Degel. [DD] – Kau: on (Leg: AK) dead mosses and sandy soil (Leg: DH) Cladonia decorticata (Flörke) Spreng. – Oda: stump Collema crispum (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg. – Kau: Grd (Leg: EL) (Leg: US) Cladonia deformis (L.) Hoffm. – Oda: Grd (Leg: AP, EL, AS) Collema cristatum (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg. – Kau: Ls, Cladonia digitata (L.) Hoffm. – Oda: PS, log, stump (Leg: Grd (Leg: AP, DH, IS, KV, JM) AP, El, KV, MS, AS, US); Vii: stump (Leg: EL, KV, US) Collema fuscovirens (With.) J.R. Laundon – Kau: Ls Cladonia fimbriata (L.) Fr. – Kau: Grd among mosses, (Leg: DH)

JC, JClignum (Leg: AK); Oda: Grd, PS (Leg: US, AK, KV, Collema parvum Degel. [VU] – Kau: Ls (Leg: TR, 1989, AS); Vii: BP, Grd (Leg: EL) det. L. Fröberg: eSamba) Cladonia floerkeana (Fr.) Flörke – Oda: Grd, log, stump Collema polycarpon Hoffm. – Kau: Ls (Leg: PL) (Leg: AP, DH, IS, EK, EL, MS, PL, US) Collema tenax (Sw.) Ach. em. Degel. – Kau: Grd (Leg: IS) Cladonia foliacea (Huds.) Willd. – Kau: Grd (Leg: EL, Dermatocarpon leptophyllum (Ach.) K.G.W. Lång [DD] PC, MS) – Kau: Ls (Leg: HT, 1991, det. G. Degelius: eSamba) Cladonia furcata (Huds.) Schrad. – Kau: Grd (Leg: AK, Dermatocarpon miniatum (L.) W. Mann [DD] – Kau: Ls US); Oda: Grd (Leg: KV, EL, US); Vii: Grd (Leg: AP, (Ekman et al., 1991) EL, KV) Dimerella pineti (Ach.) Vězda – Oda: PS, lignum (Leg:

Cladonia glauca Flörke – Oda: Grd, PSsnag (Leg: DH, EL) AK, AS, IS); Vii: PS, BP, PA, CR, AG, log (Leg: EL, AK, Cladonia gracilis (L.) Willd. – Oda: Grd (Leg: AP, EL, KV, AS, DH, US) MS, AS, US, DH, IS, EK, MS) # Diploschistes muscorum (Scop.) R. Sant. – Kau: on Cladonia grayi G. Merr. ex Sandst. – Oda: Grd (Leg: AK) mosses, on Cladonia pocillum growing on soil, on Cladonia macilenta Hoffm. – Kau: Grd (Leg: HT, 1982: Cladonia spp. growing on dead JC (bark and wood)

eSamba); Oda: PSsnag, lignum (Leg: MS, AS, DH, IS, (Leg: AP, EL, MK, AK, PC, KV, PL, US, DH, IS, EK, JM) EK, MS) Diploschistes scruposus (Schreb.) Norman – Kau: Gr Cladonia merochlorophaea Asahina – Oda: Grd, lignum (Leg: EL)

(Leg: AK) Diplotomma alboatrum (Hoffm.) Flot. – Kau: PSbranch,

Cladonia novochlorophaea (Sipman) Brodo & Ahti – Oda: PStwigs, JCtwigs (Leg: PC, KV, DH, IS, EK)

Grd (Leg: AK); Vii: BP (Leg: AK) Diplotomma pharcidium (Ach.) M. Choisy – Kau: JCtwigs

Cladonia ochrochlora Flörke – Kau: JC, JClignum (Leg: AK) (Leg: TR, 1983: eSamba) Cladonia parasitica (Hoffm.) Hoffm. [NT] – Vii: log (Leg: Endocarpon pusillum Hedw. [EN] – Kau: on mosses EL) (Ekman et al., 1991) Cladonia phyllophora Ehrh. ex Hoffm – Oda: Grd (Leg: # Epicladonia sandstedei (Zopf) D. Hawksw. – Kau: on AP, US) Cladonia chlorophaea, C. pocillum on Grd (Leg: AK, Cladonia pocillum (Ach.) Grognot [NT] – Kau: Grd (Leg: AS); Oda: on C. cornuta on Grd, on primary squamules AP, JM, PL) of C. fimbriata( Leg: AK, JM) Cladonia polydactyla (Flörke) Spreng. – Oda: Grd (Leg: # Epicladonia stenospora (Harm.) D. Hawksw. – Kau: on

EL) Cladonia cryptochlorophaea on JCsnag (Leg: AK)

Cladonia pyxidata (L.) Hoffm. – Kau: Grd, JC, JClignum Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach. – Kau: CR, SS (Leg: US, PL);

(Leg: KV, AK); Oda: Grd (Leg: KV, DH); Vii: Grd (Leg: Oda: PS (Leg: US, AS); Vii: PAtwig, PS, BP, FE (Leg: KV) EL, KV) Cladonia rangiformis Hoffm. – Kau: Grd (Leg: KV, PL) Farnoldia jurana (Schaer.) Hertel – Kau: Ls (Leg: KV)

Cladonia rei Schaer. – Oda: Grd (Leg: US) Fellhanera bouteillei (Desm.) Vĕzda – Oda: PAtwigs, PAneedles Cladonia scabriuscula (Delise) Leight. – Oda: Grd (Leg: (Leg: AP, JM) US) 93

Fulgensia bracteata (Hoffm.) Räsänen [NT] – Kau: Grd Lecanora carpinea (L.) Vain. – Kau: SStwigs (Leg: DH, IS, (Leg: AP, EL, US, KV, MS, PL, TT, PC) EK); Oda: SA, QR (Leg: IS, MSk); Vii: SA, FE, CR (Leg: Fulgensia fulgens (Sw.) Elenkin [DD] – Kau: Grd (Leg: AP, EL, AK, KV, AS) MK) Lecanora chlarotera Nyl. – Kau: JC (Leg: MS, US); Vii: Fuscidea arboricola Coppins & Tønsberg – Vii: AG (Leg: SA, FE, PT (Leg: US, KV, EL)

PC) Lecanora compallens Herk & Aptroot – Kau: JClignum Fuscidea pusilla Tønsberg – Oda: PS (Leg: AK); Vii: (Leg: PC) stump (Leg: EL) Lecanora crenulata Hook. – Kau: Ls (Leg: DH) Graphis scripta (L.) Ach. – Oda: SS, SA (Leg: EK, MSk); Lecanora dispersa (Pers.) Röhl. – Kau: Ls (Leg: DH, IS, Vii: FE, AG, CA, AI (Leg: EL, MK, DH, IS, EK, MSk, EK, KV, MS) KV, US) Lecanora expallens Ach. – Oda: PS (Leg: MK)

Haematomma ochroleucum (Neck.) J.R. Laundon – Kau: Lecanora hagenii (Ach.) Ach. – Kau: SN, JCtwigs (Leg: US, Gr (Ekman et al., 1991); Vii: PS (Leg: EL) – The speci- DH, IS, EK) men from Viieristi reserve contains zeorin and usnic Lecanora intricata (Ach.) Ach. – Kau: Gr (Leg: HT, 1991: acid. eSamba) Hertelidea botryosa (Fr.) Printzen & Kantvilas – Oda: Lecanora intumescens (Rebent.) Rabenh. [VU] – Vii: FE

PSsnag (Leg: PL) (Leg: MK) Hymenelia carnosula (Arnold) Lutzoni – Kau: Ls (Ekman Lecanora leptyrodes (Nyl.) Degel. – Vii: FE (Leg: AS) et al., 1991) Lecanora norvegica Tønsberg – Vii: BP (Leg: EL) Hymenelia heteromorpha (Kremp.) Lutzoni – Kau: Ls Lecanora polytropa (Ehrh. ex Hoffm.) Rabenh. – Kau: (Ekman et al., 1991) Gr (Leg: DH)

Hypocenomyce anthracophila (Nyl.) P. James & Gotth. Lecanora pulicaris (Pers.) Ach. – Oda: PT, PS, PClignum (Leg: Schneid. – Vii: stump (Leg: AS) EL, KV, PL, US); Vii: PS, BP (Leg: EL)

Hypocenomyce caradocensis (Leight. ex Nyl.) P. James Lecanora rugosella Zahlbr. – Kau: JCtwigs (Leg: DH, IS, EK) & Gotth. Schneid. – Oda: snag (Leg: TR, 1989, det. S. Lecanora rupicola (L.) Zahlbr. – Kau: Gr (Leg: MK, MS, Ekman: eSamba) PL, DH); Vii: Gr (Leg: EL) Hypocenomyce friesii (Ach.) P. James & Gotth. Schneid. Lecanora strobilina (Spreng.) Kieff. – Vii: PS (Leg: EL)

– Oda: PSlignum, on decaying wood, decaying stump Lecanora cf. subcarpinea Szatala – Oda: BP (Leg: DH) (Leg: DH, EK, PL, JM) Lecanora sulphurea (Hoffm.) Ach. – Kau: Gr (Leg: PL)

Hypocenomyce scalaris (Ach.) M. Choisy – Oda: PS, Lecanora symmicta (Ach.) Ach. – Kau: SS, JCtwigs (Leg: DH, stump (Leg: AP, AK, US, KV, MS, PL, EL, AS); Vii: IS, EK, US); Oda: PT (Leg: IS); Vii: snag of deciduous lignum, stump, PS (Leg: EL, KV, AS) tree (Leg: PC, AS)

Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. – Kau: CR (Leg: MS, PL, Lecanora varia (Hoffm.) Ach. – Kau: JClignum (Leg: MK,

US); Oda: PS, BP, JC (Leg: KV, MS, PL, EL, AS, US); DH, IS, EK, PL); Oda: PSlignum (Leg: DH, IS, EK, MS, Vii: BP, PS (Leg: EL, KV, AS) US); Vii: stump (Leg: EL) Hypogymnia tubulosa (Schaer.) Hav. – Oda: PS (Leg: EL, Lecidea fuscoatra (L.) Ach. – Kau: Gr (Leg: EL, US) KV, PL); Vii: twig (Leg: KV) Lecidea lapicida var. pantherina (DC.) Ach. – Kau: Gr

Imshaugia aleurites (Ach.) S.L.F. Meyer – Oda: PS, PSsnag, (Leg: US) stump, JC (Leg: US, IS, EK, MS, PL, EL, AS); Vii: log, Lecidea nylanderi (Anzi) Th. Fr. – Oda: PS (Leg: US, DH, PS (Leg: AP, EL, AS, DH) PL, AS, AK, EL, PC); Vii: PS, BP (Leg: EL, AK, US, DH, Ionaspis rhodopis (Sommerf.) Blomb. & Forssell – Kau: PL, AS, PC) Ls (Ekman et al. 1991) Lecidea turgidula Fr. – Oda: JC (Leg: AS); Vii: stump

Lecanactis abietina (Ach.) Körb. – Vii: PAstump, PA, AG, (Leg: EL) BP (Leg: MK, EK, EL, US) Lecidella elaeochroma (Ach.) M. Choisy – Kau: SS,

Lecania cyrtella (Ach.) Th. Fr. – Oda: SA (Leg: IS); Vii: JClignum, JCtwigs (Leg: KV, PC, US, MS, PL, DH, IS, EK);

SSbranches (Leg: MK, PC, IS, JM, US) Oda: SA (Leg: AP, IS); Vii: FE, PT (Leg: AP, EL, AK, Lecania cyrtellina (Nyl.) Sandst.– Vii: twigs of dwarf KV, US, AS, DH) shrubs (Leg: PC) Lecidella stigmatea (Ach.) Hertel & Leuckert – Kau: Ls Lecania naegelii (Hepp) Diederich & van den Boom – Kau: (Ekman et al., 1991); Oda: on mortar stone (Leg: US)

JC (Leg: US); Oda: AP, SA (Leg: EK, IS); Vii: SSbranches Lecidella subviridis Tønsberg – Vii: PS (Leg: EL) (Leg: PC, JM) Lempholemma isidioides (Nyl. ex Arnold) H. Magn. [VU] Lecanora albella (Pers.) Ach. – Oda: BP (Leg: EL) – Kau: Ls (Ekman et al. 1991) Lecanora albescens (Hoffm.) Branth & Rostr. – Kau: Ls Lepraria eburnea J.R. Laundon – Oda: bark of tree (Leg: AP); Oda: Ls (Leg: US) (Leg: KV) Lecanora allophana (Ach.) Nyl. – Vii: SA, FE, PT (Leg: EL) Lepraria elobata Tønsberg – Oda: PS (Leg: AK) Lecanora argentata (Ach.) Malme – Vii: FE, QR (Leg: EL, Lepraria incana (L.) Ach. – Kau: leather hanging on PA MK, AK, US, KV) (Leg: EL); Oda: PS, PA (Leg: AK, KV, AS); Vii: BP, PA Lecanora cadubriae (A. Massal.) Hedl. – Oda: PS (Ek- (Leg: AS) man et al. 1991) Lepraria jackii Tønsberg – Oda: PS (Leg: AK, MS) Lecanora campestris (Schaer.) Hue – Kau: Gr (Ekman Lepraria lobificans Nyl. – Vii: Grd, stump (Leg: EL) et al. 1991) Leptogium gelatinosum (With.) J.R. Laundon [DD] – Kau: Grd (Aptroot et al., 2005) 94 Folia Cryptog. Estonica

Leptogium lichenoides (L.) Zahlbr. – Kau: on epigeic Mycobilimbia berengeriana (A. Massal.) Hafellner & V. mosses (Leg: DH, IS, EK, MSk, JM); Vii: on mossy Wirth – Kau: Grd (Leg: KV) soil (Leg: DH) Mycobilimbia epixanthoides (Nyl.) Vitik., Ahti, Kuusinen, Leptogium pulvinatum (Hoffm.) Otalora – Kau: on epigeic Lommi & T. Ulvinen – Vii: PS (Leg: EL) mosses (Leg: HT, 1991, det. M.G. Otalora: eSamba) Mycoblastus fucatus (Stirt.) Zahlbr. – Kau: JS (Leg: JM); + Leptorhaphis epidermidis (Ach.) Th. Fr. – Oda: BP Oda: PS (Leg: AK); Vii: PS (Leg: AS, US) (Leg: AS) Mycoblastus sanguinarius (L.) Norman – Oda: PS (Leg: # Lichenoconium aff. echinosporum D. Hawksw. – Oda: EL, AS); Vii: AG (Leg: PL)

on Cladonia cf. pyxidata on Grd (Leg: AK) + Mycocalicium subtile (Pers.) Szatala – Oda: PSsnag (Leg: # Lichenoconium lecanorae (Jaap) D. Hawksw. – Kau: DH, EL, AS) on apothecia of Lecanora chlarotera (Leg: US); Vii: on Normandina acroglypta (Norman) Aptroot – Oda: QR, on apothecia of L. chlarotera (Leg: JM) Radula complanata on QR (Leg: DH, det. JM); Vii: FE, # Lichenodiplis lecanorae (Vouaux) Dyko & D. Hawksw. on epiphytic liverworts growing on Ulmus sp. (Leg: JM) – Kau: on Lecanora chlarotera (Leg: US) Ochrolechia androgyna (Hoffm.) Arnold – Vii: PA (Leg: AS) # Lichenosticta alcicornaria (Linds.) D. Hawksw. – Kau: Ochrolechia arborea (Kreyer) Almb. – Vii: lignum (Ekman on Cladonia cryptochlorophaea on dead JC, on C. et al., 1991)

pocillum on Grd (Leg: AK); Oda: on podetia of Cladina Ochrolechia microstictoides Räsänen – Oda: PSsnag (Leg: arbuscula on ground (Leg: DH, JM) EL) Loxospora elatina (Ach.) A. Massal. – Oda: PS (Leg: AS); Ochrolechia pallescens (L.) A. Massal. – Kau: (Ekman Vii: stump (Leg: MK) et al., 1991) Melanelia disjuncta (Erichsen) Essl. [DD] – Kau: Gr (Leg: Opegrapha atra Pers. [NT] – Vii: PT, FE (Leg: EL, PC) HT, 1989: eSamba) Opegrapha ochrocheila Nyl. [VU] – Vii: log (Leg: EL) Melanelia sorediata (Ach.) Goward & Ahti [DD] – Kau: Opegrapha rufescens Pers. – Vii: FE, AG, PS (Leg: IS, Gr (Leg: TR, 1984: eSamba) KV, EL, US) Melanelixia fuliginosa subsp. glabratula (Lamy) J.R. Opegrapha sorediifera P. James – Vii: AG (Leg: MK) Laundon – Kau: CR, JC (Leg: MS, PL, DH, IS, EK); Oda: Opegrapha varia Pers. – Vii: AG (Leg: EL, US) SS (Leg: EK, MSk, US); Vii: FE, BP, snag of decidous Opegrapha vulgata (Ach.) Ach. – Vii: FE (Leg: EL) tree (Leg: EL, AS, US) Parmelia saxatilis (L.) Ach. – Kau: Gr (Leg: EL, MS, US); Melanelixia subaurifera (Nyl.) O. Blanco, A. Crespo, Di- Oda: stump (Leg: EL); Vii: BP (Leg: US, TT) vakar, Essl., D. Hawksw. & Lumbsch – Kau: (Leg: US); Parmelia sulcata Taylor – Kau: SS (Leg: US); Oda: PS (Leg:

Oda: PS (Leg: EL); Vii: FE, BP (Leg: EL, KV) KV, EL); Vii: PAtwig, PT, BP (Leg: EL, US, KV) Melanohalea exasperata (De Not.) O. Blanco, A. Crespo, Parmeliopsis ambigua (Wulfen) Nyl. – Kau: (Ekman et Divakar, Essl., D. Hawksw. & Lumbsch – Kau: SS al., 1991); Oda: PS, stump, JC (Leg: US, KV, MS, AS, (Leg: US) DH); Vii: PS, BP, lignum (Leg: EL, US, EK)

Melanohalea exasperatula (Nyl.) O. Blanco, A. Crespo, Parmeliopsis hyperopta (Ach.) Arnold – Oda: PSlignum (Leg:

Divakar, Essl., D. Hawksw. & Lumbsch – Oda: PStwig DH); Vii: stump (Leg: EL)

(Leg: AS); Vii: PAtwig (Leg: EL) Peltigera aphthosa (L.) Willd. – Kau: Grd (Leg: MS)

Micarea denigrata (Fr.) Hedl. – Kau: JClignum (Leg: MK); Vii: Peltigera canina (L.) Willd. – Oda: Grd (Leg: MS); Vii: on hard exposed wood of pine root (Leg: PC) Grd (Leg: EL) Micarea cf. nitschkeana (J. Lahm ex Rabenh.) Harm. – Peltigera polydactylon (Neck.) Hoffm. – Vii: Grd (Leg: Oda: lignum (Leg: EK, MSk) KV, AS) Micarea lignaria (Ach.) Hedl. – Vii: lignum (Ekman et Peltigera praetextata (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Zopf – Vii: al., 1991) stump (Leg: AS) Micarea melaena (Nyl.) Hedl. – Oda: PS, stump (Leg: AS) Peltigera rufescens (Weiss) Humb. – Kau: Grd (Leg: EL, Micarea micrococca (Körb.) Gams ex Coppins – Oda: PS AK, KV, MS, DH, IS, EK); Oda: Grd (Leg: AK, US) (Leg: AK, US, PC); Vii: PA (Leg: US) Pertusaria albescens (Huds.) M. Choisy & Werner – Kau:

Micarea misella (Nyl.) Hedl. – Oda: on hard wood of old JClignum, SI, JC (Leg: MK) fence (Leg: PC); Vii: (Ekman et al., 1991) Pertusaria amara (Ach.) Nyl. – Kau: JC (Leg: MK, US);

Micarea myriocarpa V. Wirth & Vĕzda ex Coppins – Oda: Vii: PAtwig, CR, SA, BP, FE (Leg: EL, KV, US, AS, IS) on dry roots of an upended PA (Leg: JM) Pertusaria coccodes (Ach.) Nyl. – Kau: AG (Leg: MK); Vii: Micarea peliocarpa (Anzi) Coppins & R. Sant. – Vii: AG, FE, BP (Leg: MK, AK)

SC, PAlog (Leg: PC) Pertusaria hemisphaerica (Flörke) Erichsen – Vii: PA,

Micarea prasina s. l. – Oda: PS, PSlignum (Leg: AP, EL, AG (Leg: US, AS)

DH); Vii: BP, PS, PAtwig, stump, log, AG (Leg: EL, EK, Pertusaria leioplaca DC. – Vii: PT, FE, CAsnag, SA, BP (Leg: DH, IS, AS, MK) EL, AK, KV, EK, US) Microcalicium arenarium (Hampe ex A. Massal.) Tibell – Pertusaria leucostoma (Bernh.) A. Massal. – Vii: FE Oda: on dry roots of an upended PA (Leg: JM) (Leg: EL) Miriquidica deusta (Stenh.) Hertel & Rambold – Kau: Gr Pertusaria pertusa (Weigel) Tuck. – Vii: BP, FE (Leg: EK, (Leg: TR, 1989; HT, 1991: eSamba) EL, JM) # Monodictys epilepraria Kukwa & Diederich – Vii: on Phaeophyscia endophoenicea (Harm.) Moberg [DD] – Vii: Lepraria cf. incana on PA (Leg: MK) PT (Leg: PC) # Muellerella lichenicola (Sommerf.) D. Hawksw. – Kau: Phaeophyscia orbicularis (Neck.) Moberg – Kau: SS on Rinodina sp. on Ls (Leg: TR, 2004, det. AS: eSamba) (Leg: US) 95

# Phaeopyxis punctum (A. Massal.) Rambold, Triebel & Psilolechia clavulifera (Nyl.) Coppins – Oda: on dry roots Coppins – Oda: on Cladonia sp. (Leg: AS); Vii: on C. of upended PA (Leg: JM) digitata on log, on Cladonia sp. on log (Leg: EL, AS) Psora decipiens (Hedw.) Hoffm. – Kau: Grd (Leg: EL, PC, Phlyctis agelaea (Ach.) Flot. – Vii: FE, PT (Leg: JM, EL) KV, MS, PL, TT, US)

Phlyctis argena (Ach.) Flot. – Kau: JClignum, JCtwig (Leg: Psorotichia schaereri (A. Massal.) Arnold – Kau: (Ekman MK, MS, US, DH, IS); Oda: SS, JC, AG, PS (Leg: MK, et al., 1991)

EL, AS, AK); Vii: AG, PT, PS, FE, SA (Leg: MK, EL, PC, Pycnora sorophora (Vain.) Hafellner – Oda: PSlignum (Leg: KV, AS, US) DH); Vii: PS (Leg: EL) # Phoma sp. – Oda: on Cladina rangiferina on Grd (Leg: # Pyrenochaeta xanthoriae Diederich – Kau: on Xanthoria MK) parietina on PS (Leg: MK, IS)

Physcia adscendens (Th. Fr.) H. Olivier – Kau: JC, JClig- Pyrrhospora quernea (Dicks.) Körb. – Kau: JS (Leg: MK);

num, JCtwigs (Leg: AK, KV, PL. US, DH, IS, EK); Oda: SS Vii: AG, CR (Leg: EL, AS) (Leg: US, EK, MSk) Ramalina elegans (Bagl. & Carestia) Jatta [RE] – Oda:

Physcia aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Fürnr. – Kau: JCtwigs SA (Leg: EK); Vii: bark of decidous trees (Leg: IS) – The (Leg: DH, IS, EK) characters of the specimens match with the descrip- Physcia dubia (Hoffm.) Lettau – Kau: (Leg: HT, 1982, tion of R. elegans (Poelt, 1969; Kataeva & Makarova, det. TR: eSamba) 2008). The spores of the specimens are 1-septate, in Physcia tenella (Scop.) DC. subsp. tenella – Kau: JC, part curved, in part straight, 12.5–15.7 x 4.7–6.3 µm.

JClignum, JCtwigs (Leg: AK, DH, IS, EK, KV, US); Oda: SS The branches of the thallus are mostly not canalicu- (Leg: EK, MSk) late, solid, in some parts perforated, pseudocyphellae Physcia tenella subsp. marina (A. Nyl.) D. Hawksw. – absent, the medulla is UV+ (sekikaic/homosekikaic Kau: Gr (Leg: HT, 1983; TR, 1984: eSamba) acid complex). The apothecia are subterminal. Placidium pilosellum (Breuss) Breuss [EN] – Kau: on Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach. – Kau: JC, SS, CR (Leg: MS, mosses (Leg: HT, 1982: eSamba) US, DH, IS, EK); Oda: JC (Leg: KV, EL, DH); Vii: BP,

Placynthiella dasaea (Stirt.) Tønsberg – Oda: PS, PSlignum FE, CR (Leg: EL, KV, US) (Leg: AK, DH, IS); Vii: BP, PS (Leg: AK, AS, PC) Ramalina fastigiata (Pers.) Ach. – Kau: SF (Leg: PC, MS, Placynthiella icmalea (Ach.) Coppins & P. James – Kau: MSk, IS, EK); Vii: FE (Leg: US) dead JC, on Cladonia pyxidata s. str. on Grd (Leg: Ramalina fraxinea (L.) Ach. – Kau: (Leg: US)

AK); Oda: sandy soil, PSlignum, log, PSstump, Wth, Grd Ramalina subfarinacea (Nyl. ex Cromb.) Nyl. – Kau: Gr (Leg: DH, IS, EL, AS); Vii: log, stump (Leg: AP, EL, AS) (Ekman et al., 1991) Placynthiella oligotropha (J.R. Laundon) Coppins & P. Rhizocarpon distinctum Th. Fr. – Oda: Gr (Leg: JM) James – Kau: Grd (Leg: PL) Rhizocarpon geographicum (L.) DC. – Kau: Gr (Leg: US) Placynthiella uliginosa (Schrad.) Coppins & P. James – Rhizocarpon lecanorinum Anders – Kau: Gr (Leg: HT, Oda: Grd (Leg: AS, IS) 1982, 1983: eSamba) Placynthium nigrum (Huds.) Gray – Kau: Ls (Ekman et # Rimularia insularis (Nyl.) Rambold & Hertel – Kau: on al., 1991) Lecanora rupicola on Gr (Leg: PL) Platismatia glauca (L.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. – Oda: Rinodina bischoffii (Hepp) A. Massal. – Kau: Ls (Leg: HT,

PS, PSsnag (Leg: EL, AS, KV, MS, US, DH, IS, EK, MSk); TR, 1989: eSamba)

Vii: PAtwig, PS, FE (Leg: EL, DH, IS, EK, MSk) Rinodina pyrina (Ach.) Arnold – Vii: on dead twigs of Polyblastia albida Arnold – Kau: Ls (Ekman et al., 1991) dwarf shrubs (Leg: PC) Polyblastia nidulans (Stenh.) Arnold – Kau: Ls (Ekman Rinodina septentrionalis Malme – Kau: JC (det. R. et al., 1991) Moberg, 1991: Fytoteket) Porpidia crustulata (Ach.) Hertel & Knoph – Kau: Gr Ropalospora viridis (Tønsberg) Tønsberg – Vii: BP, AG (Leg: JP, 1986: eSamba); Vii: Gr (Leg: AP, AK, PC, BK) (Leg: EL, PC, US) # Pronectria xanthoriae Lowen & Diederich – Kau: on # Roseliniella cladoniae (Anzi) Matzer & Hafellner –

Xanthoria parietina on PSbranches (Leg: MK, PC, US) Oda: on Cladina rangiferina, C. arbuscula, Cladonia Protoblastenia calva (Dicks.) Zahlbr. – Kau: Ls (Ekman novochlorophaea (Leg: DH, MK, AK) et al., 1991) Sagiolechia protuberans (Ach.) A. Massal. – Kau: Ls Protoblastenia incrustans (DC.) J. Steiner – Kau: Ls (Leg: KV) (Leg: MS, KV) Sarcogyne regularis Körb. – Kau: Ls (Leg: KV) Protoblastenia rupestris (Scop.) J. Steiner – Kau: Ls (Leg: Schaereria fuscocinerea (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux – AK, US, KV, DH, IS, EK) Kau: Gr (Leg: HT, 1983: eSamba) Protoparmelia atriseda (Fr.) R. Sant. & V. Wirth – Kau: Scoliciosporum chlorococcum (Graewe ex Stenh.) Vězda –

Gr (Leg: TR, 1989: eSamba) Kau: JCtwigs (Leg: DH, IS, EK); Vii: bark of tree (Leg: KV)

Protoparmelia badia (Hoffm.) Hafellner – Kau: Gr (leg. S. Scoliciosporum sarothamni (Vain.) Vĕzda – Kau: SSbranches,

Ekman, 1989: eSamba) JCtwigs, JClignum (Leg: JM, DH, IS, EK); Vii: SSbranches (Leg: Protoparmeliopsis macrocyclos (H. Magn.) Moberg & R. PC, JM, EK) Sant. [NT] – Kau: Gr (Leg: TR, HT, 1984) Scoliciosporum umbrinum (Ach.) Arnold – Kau: Gr (Leg: Protoparmeliopsis muralis (Schreb.) M. Choisy – Kau: HT, 1983: eSamba); Vii: Gr (Leg: EL) Gr (Leg: DH, US) # Scutula aff. heerii (Hepp) P. Karst. – Kau: on thallus of

Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf – Kau: JC, JCtwigs, JClig- Peltigera rufescens on Grd (Leg: PC)

num (Leg: US, MS, DH, IS, EK); Oda: PS (Leg: EL, US, Solorina saccata (L.) Ach. [NT] – Kau: Grd (Leg: DH)

KV, DH); Vii: PAtwig, BP (Leg: EL, KV, DH, IS, EK, MSk) 96 Folia Cryptog. Estonica

# Sphaerellothecium araneosum var. cladoniae Zhurb. Umbilicaria deusta (L.) Baumg. – Kau: Gr (Leg: EL, IS, PL) & Alstrup – Kau: on primary squamules of Cladonia Umbilicaria polyphylla (L.) Baumg. – Kau: Gr (Leg: US, symphycarpia (Leg: JM) IS, PL) # Sphaerellothecium propinquellum (Nyl.) Cl. Roux & Usnea barbata (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg. – Vii: (Leg: TT) Triebel – Kau: on apothecia of Lecanora carpinea Usnea dasypoga (Ach.) Röhl (syn. U. filipendula Stirt.) (Leg: JM) – Vii: (Leg: TT) Sphaerophorus globosus (Huds.) Vain. [CR] – Kau: Gr Usnea hirta (L.) F.H. Wigg. – Oda: PS (Leg: EL, MS, KV,

(Leg: HT, 1982, 1989: eSamba) DH, IS, EK, US); Vii: PS, PStwig (Leg: EL) Squamarina lentigera (Weber) Poelt [EN] – Kau: Grd (Leg: Usnea subfloridana Stirt. – Vii: (Leg: TT) AP, TT, EL, US) Verrucaria bryoctona (Th. Fr.) Orange – Oda: Grd (Leg: Steinia geophana (Nyl.) Stein – Oda: lignum (Leg: IS) JM, PC) + Stenocybe pullatula (Ach.) Stein – Oda: AG (Leg: DH) Verrucaria calciseda DC. – Kau: Ls (Leg: TR, 2004: Stereocaulon condensatum Hoffm. [VU] – Oda: Grd (Leg: eSamba) HT, 1965: eSamba) Verrucaria foveolata (Flörke) A. Massal. – Kau: Ls (Ekman Stereocaulon incrustatum Flörke [DD] – Oda: Grd (Leg: et al., 1991); Vii: Ls (Leg: AS, det. J. Pykälä) TR, 1989: eSamba) Verrucaria fuscella (Turner) Winch – Kau: Ls (Leg: HT, Stereocaulon paschale (L.) Hoffm. – Oda: Grd (Leg: HT, 1989: eSamba) 1965: eSamba) Verrucaria glaucina Ach. – Kau: Ls (Leg: HT, 1989: Stereocaulon tomentosum Fr. – Oda: stone, Grd (Leg: eSamba) EL, det. AS) Verrucaria muralis Ach. – Kau: Ls (Ekman et al., 1991); # Stigmidium cladoniicola Zhurb. & Diederich – Kau: on Oda: concrete (Leg: US) Cladonia fimbriata growing on ground among mosses Verrucaria nigrescens Pers. – Kau: Ls (Leg: KV, US); Vii: (Leg: AK) Ls (Leg: AP) # Stigmidium mycobilimbiae Cl. Roux, Triebel & Etayo Verrucaria olivacella Servít – Vii: Ls (Leg: AS, det. J. – Kau: on thallus of Bilimbia sabuletorum on plant Pykälä) debris (Leg: PC) Verrucaria xyloxena Norman – Vii: Grd (Leg: US) # Stigmidium solorinarium (Vain.) D. Hawksw. – Kau: on Vezdaea aestivalis (Ohlert) Tsherm.-Woess & Poelt thallus of Solorina saccata (Leg: DH, det. AS) – Oda: on dead mosses and algal film overgrowing # Taeniolella beschiana Diederich – Oda: on thallus of siliceous boulder (Leg: JM) Cladonia coniocrarea, Cladina arbuscula (Leg: MS, # Vouauxiella lichenicola (Linds.) Petr. & Syd. – Vii: on DH); Vii: on Cladonia sp. (Leg: AS) apothecia of Lecanora argentata, L. chlarotera (Leg: Tephromela atra (Huds.) Hafellner – Kau: Gr (Leg: US, AK, US, JM, EL) PL); Vii: FE, Gr (Leg: MK, KV, JM, EL) Vulpicida juniperinus (L.) J.-E. Mattsson & M.J. Lai [DD]

Thelidium decipiens (Nyl.) Kremp. – Kau: Ls (Ekman et – Kau: JCtwigs, JClignum (Leg: DH, IS, EL) al., 1991) Vulpicida pinastri (Scop.) J.-E. Mattsson – Oda: PS (Leg:

Thelocarpon epibolum Nyl. – Oda: PSlignum (Leg: IS) EL, AS); Vii: PS, BP, stump (Leg: EL) Thelotrema lepadinum (Ach.) Ach. – Vii: AG (Leg: EL) Vulpicida tubulosus (Schaer.) J.-E. Mattsson & M.J. Lai Toninia physaroides (Opiz) Zahlbr. – Kau: Grd (Leg: EL, [NT] – Kau: Grd (Leg: MK, EL, US, MS, TT, PC) KV, US, DH) Xanthoparmelia conspersa (Ehrh. ex Ach.) Hale – Kau: Toninia sedifolia (Scop.) Timdal [VU] – Kau: Grd (Leg: KV) Gr (Leg: AK, US) Toninia verrucarioides (Nyl.) Timdal [DD] – Kau: Ls (Ek- Xanthoparmelia (= Neofuscelia) loxodes (Nyl.) O. Blanco, man et al. 1991) A. Crespo, Elix, D. Hawksw. & Lumbsch – Kau: Gr Trapelia placodioides Coppins & P. James – Kau: Grd (Leg: EL, US) (Aptroot et al., 2005); Oda: Gr (Leg: JM) Xanthoparmelia (= Neofuscelia) pulla (Ach.) O. Blanco, Trapeliopsis flexuosa (Fr.) Coppins & P. James – Kau: A. Crespo, Elix, D. Hawksw. & Lumbsch – Kau: Gr

JClignum (Leg: AK); Oda: PSstump (Leg: US, PL, EL); Vii: (Leg: EL, DH, PL, US) log (Leg: EL) Xanthoparmelia stenophylla (Ach.) Ahti & D. Hawksw. – Trapeliopsis granulosa (Hoffm.) Lumbsch – Oda: on Kau: Gr (Leg: PL, DH, IS, EK); Vii: Gr (Leg: EL)

wood, PS, PSstump, Grd (Leg: AP, AK, US, MS, EL; AS); Xanthoria candelaria (L.) Th. Fr. – Kau: Gr (Leg: HT, Vii: stump (Leg: AP, EL, AS) 1982: eSamba) # Tremella cladoniae Diederich & M.S. Christ. – Kau: on Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr. – Kau: JC (Leg: US, KV); thallus of Cladonia foliacea (Leg: EL) Oda: SS (Leg: KV, US); Vii: FE (Leg: MK, EL) # Tremella hypogymniae Diederich & M.S. Christ. – Vii: Xanthoria polycarpa (Hoffm.) Rieber – Kau: SS (Leg: US); on Hypogymnia physodes on BP (Leg: EL) Oda: SS (Leg: EL) # Tremella lichenicola Diederich – Kau: on Mycoblastus # Xanthoriicola physciae (Kalchbr.) D. Hawksw – Kau: in fucatus (Leg: JM); Vii: on M. fucatus on PS and PA apothecia of Xanthoria parietina (Leg: IS, det. JM, PC) (Leg: AS) Xylographa vitiligo (Ach.) J.R. Laundon – Vii: (Ekman Tuckermannopsis chlorophylla (Willd.) Hale – Oda: SS, et al., 1991)

PStwig (Leg: EK, MSk, AS); Vii: PAtwig (Leg: EL)