DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT BEMETARA (Chhattisgarh) AS PER NOTIFICATION NO

2016

DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT BEMETARA (Chhattisgarh) AS PER NOTIFICATION NO. S.O. 141(E) NEW DELHI, 15TH JANUARY, 2016 OF MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE

DIRECTORATE OF GEOLOGY AND MINING MINERAL RESOURCES DEPARTMENT Govt. of Chhattisgarh

DGM [Type the company name] 04/06/2016 1

Note: The information provided in this report has been prepared from the existing and latest data collected from the concerned authorities. Although utmost care has been taken during editing and printing, still there may be some minor corrections for which the Directorate of Geology & Mining, Regional office Raipur SonakhanBhawan, cannot be held responsible. The queries in this regard are most welcome by the concerned office.

LOCATION MAP

1- INTRODUCTION The Bemetara district is one of thenewely formed district of Chhattisgarh states, which formed on 1st January 2012 from the separation of Durg District. The District is moderately populated and situated in the central part of the Chhattisgarh State covers an area of 2854.81sq km. It falls in Survey of India Degree Sheet Nos. 64F and 64G bounded by latitude 21°22' to 22°03' N and longitude 81°07' to 81°55 E. It is surrounded by Durg districts in the south, Rajnandgaon&Kabirdham District in the west, Mungeli districts in the north and Baloda-bazar & Raipur district in the East.

Bemetara is the district headquarters and is well connected by road and railway. National Highway No. 12A and connects Bemetara with Kabirdham. Bemetara is also connected by road with Raipur, Baloda-Bazar, Kabirdham and Durg with the other important towns in the district.

Acording to NotificationofEnvironment, Forest and Climate Change Ministry,Goverment of India dated15 January 2016, as prescribed in Para 7(iii) and Annexure (x).District Survey Report has been prepared.

District Survey report will be prepared in every district for Sand mining or River bed mining and other small minerals mining. The main purpose of preparation of district survey report is to identify the land increase or depositional areas and its infrastructure, Structure and installation distance from where the mining is prohibited and recalculation of annual replenishment and time required for replenishment after mining.

This District Survey report contains mainly Geology Mineral wealth details of rivers, Details of Lease and Mining activity in the District along with Sand mining and revenue of minerals.

This report also contains details of Forest, Rivers, Soil, Agriculture, Road, Transportation climate etc.

The district survey report will be based for evaluation of the application for project and environment clearance of mining activity in the district.

2. Overview of Mining Activity in the District

BemetaraDistrict is important district for Limestone depositinChhattisgarh.The Minor Mineral is Low grade Limestons, Sandstone, Quartzite, Soil, Riversandare also found inhuge quantity.

Cement Grade Limestone/Dolomite occur in thewhole district.

Total 4 Quarry Leases are given in the district for limestone.

Total 34 Quarry Leases are given in the district for soil for making bricks in kiln at different villages

Out of 31 newelydeclated minor minerals, lease for 1 have been granted for limestone and 27 for dolomite.

33 Ret Ghatfor sand mining on the bank of Shivnath, Kharun and Tandula rivers have been leased out at different villages for sand mining. 2 Mining Leases for runner mounding sand have also been granted at Amti and Thanaud and Karhidihvillage.

Approximately 430.26033 lakh Rupees royalty is earned all minerals in the district, out of which 9.00 lakh from major and 421.26033 from minor minerals during the year 2015-16.

State Government, is carrying on various Infrastructure development projects in all district , like PachriNirman, Dams, Over bridge Anicuton rivers/nala, approach roads etc. , all above civil works require Sand in different site which is in huge quantity in the district.

3. List of Mining Leases and Sand in the District with location, area and period of validity

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4. Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year Major Minerals

Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year Major Minerals

S.No. Mineral Royalty or Revenue Received 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 1 Limestone 115556982 154624130 259409159 2 Quartzite 694597 240000 NA 3 Moulding Sand 80000 127000 606620

Total - 116331579 154991130 260015779

Note - Quartzite Mineral is decleared Minor Mineral wef notification dated 10.02.2015

Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year Minor Minerals

Minor Minerals

S.No. Mineral Royalty or Revenue Received 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 1 Limestone 1334700 2333000 2385614 2 Flagstone 2021150 2497800 3584557 3 Ordinary Stone 745887 83000 135100 4 Murum 108000 1518692 3277000 5 Soil 572360 538720 354280

Total - 4782097 6971212 9736551

5. Details of Production of Sand or Bajari in last three years

¼v½Details of Production & Royalty of Sand in in Last Three Year

Ordinary Sand S.No. Financial year Royalty Received in Rs.

1 2013-14 11504

2 2014-15 12539

3 2015-16 7356

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Ord inary Sand

S.No. Financial year Production of Sand (in Cm)

1 2013-14 230085

2 2014-15 250773

3 2015-16 147125

6. PROCESS OF DEPOSITION OF SEDIMENTS IN THE RIVERS

Sendimentation of rivers of District

6- Process of river sedimentation:- What is erosion? Erosion is natural process, wathering, corrosion, or abrasion can reduce a material into smaller particles. Normally, these smaller units are relocated by water, wing, ice, or man. Erosion removes tosoil, organic material, and other valuable resources.

What is sedimentation? Once a material is broken free of the larger mass, it can be carried away and deposited elsewhere. This process of depositing eroded material is known as sedimentation. Some indications of sedimentation are sand dunes, mud in the street around drains, and decreased water holding capacity of stream, reservoir, or pond.

Why should we be concerned about erosion and sedimentation? Sediment is responsible for more stream and river degardation than any other pollutant. Deposits of sediments in ditches, streams, and rivers reduce their capacity to store water resulting in more frequent and severe flooding and increased property damage. Accumulations of sediment may result in severe damage to storm drain systers. Many millions of dollars are spent each year to dredge our state waterways, to remove sediments from storm drain systerms, reseroirs, and water treatment plants, and to repair flood damage.

Sediment in streams and rivers causes the most damage to aduatic life by severely impacting aquatic animal habitats and degrading water quality. Areas needed for

reproduction and food sources are destroyed when fine silts cover the sand and gravel streambed. Decreased clarity of the water prevents sunlight from reaching plants resulting in loss of aquatic plant communities. The result is a reduction in the number and variety of fish and other aquatic life. This impact ofter can see for many miles downstream.

Process- Rivers have a lot of energy and because they have energy, they do stuff. The obvious things rivers do with their energy is flow but, besides this, they also transport load, erode load and erode the channel through which they flow. Erosion Erosion is the breaking down of material by an agent. In the case of a river, the agent is water. The water can erode the river’s channel and the river’s load. A river’s load is bits of eroded material, generally rocks, which the river transports until it deposits its load. A river’s channel is eroded laterally and vertically making the channel wider and deeper. The intensity of lateral and vertical erosion is dictated by the stage in the river’s course, discussed in more detail here but essentially, in the upper stage of the river’s course (close to the source of the river) there is little horizontal erosion and lots of vertical erosion. In the middle and lower stages vertical erosion is reduced and more horizontal erosion takes place. There are several different ways that a river erodes its bed and banks. The first is hydraulic action, where the force of the water removes rock particles from the bed and banks. This type of erosion is strongest at rapids and waterfalls where the water has a high velocity. The next type of erosion is corrasion. This is where the river’s load acts almost like sandpaper, removing pieces of rock as the load rubs against the bed & banks. This sort of erosion is strongest when the river is transporting large chunks of rock or after heavy rainfall when the river’s flow is

turbulent. Corrosion is a special type of erosion that only affects certain types of rocks. Water, being ever so slightly acidic, will react with certain rocks and dissolve them. Corrosion is highly effective if the rock type of the channel is chalk or limestone (anything containing calcium carbonate) otherwise, it doesn’t have much of an effect. Cavitation is an interesting method of erosion. Air bubbles trapped in the water get compressed into small spaces like cracks in the river’s banks. These bubbles eventually implode creating a small shockwave that weakens the rocks. The shockwaves are very weak but over time the rock will be weakened to the point at which it falls apart. The final type of erosion is attrition. Attrition is a way of eroding the river’s load, not the bed and banks. Attrition is where pieces of rock in the river’s load knock together, breaking chunks of rock off of one another and gradually rounding and shrinking the load. Transportation when a river erodes the eroded material becomes the river’s load and the river will then transport this load through its course until it deposits the load. There are a few different ways that a river will transport load depending on how much energy the river has and how big the load is. The largest of particles such as boulders are transported by traction. These particles are rolled along the bed of the river, eroding the bed and the particles in the process, because the river doesn’t have enough energy to move these large particles in any other way. Slightly smaller particles, such as pebbles and gravel, are transported by saltation. This is where the load bounces along the bed of the river because the river has enough energy to lift the particles off the bed but the particles are too heavy to travel by suspension. Fine particles like clay and silt are transported in suspension; they are suspended in the water. Most of a river’s load is transported by suspension. Solution is a special method of transportation. This is where particles are dissolved into the water so only rocks that are soluble, such as limestone or chalk, can be transported in

solution. Capacity & Competence Rivers can only carry so much load depending on their energy. The maximum volume of load that a river can carry at a specific point in its course is called the river’s capacity. The biggest sized particle that a river could carry at a specific point is called the river’s competence. Deposition to transport load a river needs to have energy so when a river loses energy it is forced to deposit its load. There are several reasons why a river could lose energy. If the river’s discharge is reduced then the river will lose energy because it isn’t flowing as quickly anymore. This could happen because of a lack of precipitation or an increase in evaporation. Increased human use (abstraction) of a river could also reduce its discharge forcing it deposit its load. If the gradient of the river’s course flattens out, the river will deposit its load because it will be travelling a lot slower. When a river meets the sea a river will deposit its load because the gradient is generally reduced at sea level and the sea will absorb a lot of energy. As rivers get nearer to their mouths they flow in increasingly wide, gentle sided valleys. The channel increases in size to hold the extra water which the river has to receive from its tributaries. As the river gets bigger it can carry larger amounts of material. This material will be small in size, as larger rocks will have broken up on their way from the mountains. Much of the material will be carried in suspension and will erode the river banks by abrasion. When rivers flow over flatter land, they develop large bends called meanders. As a river goes around a bend most of the water is pushed towards the outside causing increased erosion. The river is now eroding sideways into its banks rather than downwards into its bed, a process called lateral erosion. On the inside of the bend, in contrast, there is much less water. The river will therefore be shallow and slow-flowing. It cannot carry as much material and so sand and shingle will be deposited. This is called a point bar or slip off slope Due to erosion on the outside of a bend and deposition on the inside, the shape of a

meander will change over a period of time. Notice how erosion narrows the neck of the land within the meander. In time, and usually during a flood, the river will cut right through the neck. The river will then take the new, shorter route. The fastest current, called the thalweg, will now tend to be in the centre of the river, and so deposition is likely to occur in gentler water next to the banks. Eventually deposition will block off the old meander to leave an oxbow lake. The oxbow lake will slowly dry up, only refilling after heavy rain or during a flood. Streams lose velocity and make deposits when their gradient decreases, when the volume of water decreases, when there is an increase in cross section, when they encounter obstructions, or when they enter still water. They deposit alluvial fans, alluvial cones, piedmont alluvial plains, channel fill, bars, flood plains and deltas.

7. General Profile of the District Bemetara city is well connected to Raipur, Jabalpur, Bilaspur, Durg and Kawardha by roadways.NH-30 passes through the heart of city which is one of the buissiest road in the state.This highway connects state capital Raipur to one of the major city of Madhya Pradesh, Jabalpur.There are two state highway passing through Bemetara that are Durg to Bemetara and Kumhari - Bemetara – Mungeli. History: Comparatively a new district in Chhattisgarh, India, Bemetara district was established as tahsil in the year 1907 along with the Mungeli (Bilaspur region). This region is coloured by ever-widening importance in history since the time it had been established. However, it is largest town amongst other town in the scenario of land and population. Owing to its suitability to being a district of Chhattisgarh, it had to wait to call upon since Kawardha has integrated. Conversely, the Chhattisgarh government has realised its importance in central CG. Bemetara is an attractive tourist destination as villages like Bataar, Mohbhatta and Khamhariya are famous for their temples and lakes. dzekad

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Means of Transport:

Bus Transport: Bemetara city is well connected to Raipur, Jabalpur, Bilaspur, Durg and Kawardha by roadways.NH-30 A passes through the heart of city which is one of the busiest road in the state.This highway connects state capital Raipur to one of the major city of Madhya Pradesh, Jabalpur.There are two state highway passing through Bemetara that are Durg to Bemetara and Kumhari - Bemetara - Mungeli.

Railway Transport: Bemetara is not connected by railway the nearest Railway station is tilde (35 km) and major station is Raipur (66 km) and Durg is about 72 km. A new railway line is proposed in Bemetarawhich isDurg-Bemetara-Mungeli- Bilaspur line.

Air Transport: Nearest airport to the town is Swami Vivekananda International Airport, Raipur(IATA: RPR, ICAO: VERP) which was formerly known as Mana Airport which is 66 km from the city.

8. Land Utilition Pattern in the district: Forest, Agriculture, Horticulture, Mining etc.

(i)Types of Soil:- Different type of soils are found in the District which is as follows- i. Red Soil (Bhata) Entisols. ii. Sandy loams (Matasi) Inceptisols. iii. Dorsa (Alfisols). iv. Black (Kanhar) vertisols v. Alluvial Soil (Kachhar)

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(iii)Details of Horticulture:- S. No. Particular Details Area in Hectare 1 Geographical Area of the District 285481Hect. 2 Forest Area Nil 3 Total Kast Land Area 239566Hect. 4 Land Covered by Gardening Crops 15373 Hect. 5 Land Covered by Fruit Plants 2934 Hect. 6 Land Covered by Vegetables Crop 10602 Hect. 7 Land Covered by Masala 1535Hect.

8 Land Covered by Flowers 185 Hect. 9 Land Covered by Medicinal &Sented Plants 117 Hect. 10 Percentage of Gardening Crops 8.72%

(iv)Details of Agriculture:- S. No. Particular Details Area in Hectare 1 Geographical Area of the District 285481Hect. 2 Forest Area Nil 3 Non-Agricultural Land 52770Hect. 4 Duel Crop Area 94150 Hect. 5 Total Kast Land Area 281523Hect. 6 Kharif Crop Area 205270Hect. 7 Ravi Crop Area 138560Hect. 8 Area of Jayad 1200 Hect. 9 Total Crop Area 232710Hect.

Irrigation:

The main source of irrigation in the district is River Shivnath, Kharun, Haff, Sakari&Surahi etc. There is no any big dam in the district.

(v) Details of Ground Water Survey:-

Climate:- Bemetara has a tropical wet and dry climate, temperature remains moderate throughout the year, except from March to June, which can be extremely hot. The temperature in April–May sometimes rises above 45 °C.These summer months also have dry and hot winds. In summers, the temperature can also go up to 50 °C. The city receives about 1,300 millimetres (51 in) of rain, mostly in the monsoon season from late June to early October. Winters last from November to January and are mild, although lows can fall to 5 °C (41 °F).

Climate data for Bemetara City

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

Average 27 30 35 39 45 36 30 30 31 31 28 26 32 high °C (81) (86) (95) (102) (113) (97) (86) (86) (88) (88) (82) (79) (90) (°F)

Average 13 15 20 24 27 26 23 23 22 21 16 14 20 low °C (55) (59) (68) (75) (81) (79) (73) (73) (72) (70) (61) (57) (68) (°F)

Average precipita 10 17 14 13 18 239 383 364 197 50 11 16 1,330 tion mm (0.39) (0.67) (0.55) (0.51) (0.71) (9.41) (15.08) (14.33) (7.76) (1.97) (0.43) (0.63) (52.36) (inches)

9. Physiography of the District Physiographically the area in Bemetara District having almost flat topography.The general slope of the district is towards the north - east in which direction the major streams of the district flow.

BEMETARA is located near the centre of a large plain, sometimes referred as the "rice bowl of India", where hundreds of varieties of rice are grown. The ShivnathRiverflows to the east of the city of bemetara, and the southern side has dense forests. The Maikal Hills rise on the north-west of Bemetara; on the north, the land rises and merges with the Chota Nagpur Plateau, which extends north-east across Jharkhand state. On the south of Bemetara lies the Deccan Plateau.

10. Rainfall of District BemetaraYear wise

S. No. Year Average Rainfall (mm) 1 2012 994.40 2 2013 1234.00 3 2014 1121.40 4 2015 957.82

Rainfall of District Bemetara Month wise

Rainfall data for Bemetara City Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Average precipita 10 17 14 13 18 239 383 364 197 50 11 16 1,330 tion mm (0.39) (0.67) (0.55) (0.51) (0.71) (9.41) (15.08) (14.33) (7.76) (1.97) (0.43) (0.63) (52.36) (inches)

11. Geology and Mineral Wealth

Geology:- Geologically, the district comprises of rocks of the Meso-to Neo- Proterozoic sequence is represented by the Chhattisgarh Supergroup, Raipur Group comprises Chandi formation, Tarenga formation, Hirri formation and Maniari formation. Chandi Formation of grey and purple stromatolitic limestone with arenite/ferruginous sandstone intercalations (Deodongar member); Tarenga Formation of greenish grey and reddish brown shale with chert/ porcellanite and green clay interbands; Hirri Formation by grey, thinly to thickly bedded dolomite and argillancous dolomite and ManairiFormationn comprises reddish brown and purple non - calcareous shale with gypsum interbands..Quatrenary is represented by pebble beds, (Khamaria pebble bed).

Stratigraphic succession:-

Mineral:- Mineral deposite of Bemetaradistrict include Dolomite, Limestone, Ordinary stone, Sand and Soil etc. Dolomite Mines: Total 27 Dolomite mines in which at present 3 dolomite is operational, 13 dolomite mine is under renewal and 11 dolomite mines is under lapse category. Limestone Mine: Total 03limestone mines in which at present 1limestone mine is operational and rest 2 limestone mine is under renewal in the district. Ordinary Stone Mine: Total 01 ordinary stone mines is operational in the district. Soil Mine for Making Bricks: Total 34 soil mines in which at present 13 soil mine is operational and 21 soil mine is under renewal varies part of the district. Sand Mine: Total 33 sand mines in which at present after Environmental NOC 12 sand mine is operational, 14 sand mine is under process to getting Environmental NOC from SEIAA and 07sand mines has not submitted required documents for Environmental Clearence till date. Sands are mostly available in Bank of River Shivnath, Kharun, Hanf, Sakari,Surahi&Phonkriver Quarry leases for sand mining are given in different village of Bemetara district.

Additional information of the district

Drainage System:- Shivnath Sheonath is main river of District Bemetara. Shivnathriver is tributary of Mahanadi river. Shivnathriver originates from Mountain at height of 625 meter at Panabaras situated in south western parts of Rajnandgaon and flows towards north east direction. Shivnath River measures length about 345 KM. City Durg is situated on east bank of Shivnath River. It flows towards north east passing through Khujji, Rajnandgaon, Durg, Dhamdha and Nandghat and joins (meet) Mahanadi near Shivari Narayan of Bilaspur District.

Kharun Kharunriver flows in eastern parts of the district starting from Petechua in Balod District. This river flows towards north and joins (meet) ShivnathRiver at Somnath near Simga. This river determines the boundary of Raipur and Durg district. The length of this river is about 120 KM.

Survey Report for Sand Mining of District Bemetara This survey report is prepared for District Bemetara to identify the sustainable mining area. In District Bemetarathere are six rivers namely Shivnath, Kharun, Haff, Sakari, Surahi&Phonkriver. All possible sand mining area has been surveyed. The riverwise area surveyed and identified for sand mining is given in the annexure. The thickness of sand load is considered average 4 meters in depth by observation as well as local enquiry out of which up to depth of 3 meter is considered for calculation of mineral potential. The mining area will be 10m. away from the river bank and about 10m. Influence as safity barrier from the main streem will be left, where mining operation will be restricted. Hence 10 m. influence area from the main stream has been considered as safity zone or non mining zone. It is considered that replenishment of sand in every monsoon season is a regular process. Based on the last five year observation, it is experienced that average of 3m. sand is replenished every year.

Area Prohibited for Mining:- The following area will be prohibited for minng. i. No mining activity will be executed 10 m. from the river bank. ii. Mining is prohibited within 10 m. from the flow of the main stream. iii. During mining measures should be taken to guide the flow to the centre of the river to avoide erosion of banks. iv. Mining area is restricted up to 500 mts.down stream of any structure like bridge, diversion head work, anicut etc.

v. Measures should be kept in consideration that the flow of river should not be diverted or obstructed. vi. The distance between two sand mining locations should be minimum 500 meters. vii. Before permission of mining a suitable test of sand for construction purpose like silt percentage, fineness modulus etc. must be obtained from competent laboratory / authority. viii. Provision for plantation must be assured on the river bank of concerened sand mining zone to protect erosion of banks and to maintainesecobalance.

Details are given bellow:-

S. No. Name of River Ara Drained Sq. K.M. % Area in BemetaraDist Total Drained in the District 1 2 3 4 5 1 Shivnath River Sq. k.m. Sq. k.m. % 2 Kharun River Sq. k.m. Sq. k.m. % 3 Haff River Sq. k.m. Sq. k.m. % 4 Sakari River 5 Surahi River 6 Phonk

Features of Important Rivers and Streams:-

S. No. Name of the Total Length in the Place of origin Height of River or Stream District (in k.m.) origin 1 2 3 4 5 1 Shivnath River k.m. Panabaras (Dist- 642 m Rajnandgaon) 2 Kharun River k.m. Kankalin (Petachuwa) 1 m (Dist-Balod) 3 Haff River k.m. Hils of Dallirajhara 3 m (Banjaridih) (Dist- Balod

4 Sakari River 5 Surahi River 6 Phonk

Shivnath River

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