Appendix 7 WL Report on the FMD risk situation and Priority Antigens for EU/National Banks Jef M. Hammond, World Reference Lab

Talk Overview

• Introduction

• FMD situation update

• Vaccine issues

• Other Activities/Achievements

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Principal Activities of WRLFMD Emergency Response

• Referral diagnosis and UK Outbreak: reference laboratory • Primary (index) diagnosis and all subsequent diagnosis (24/7) coordination • Virus characterisation and tracing origins • Outbreak serology and supply of reagents • Recognition of threats and • Large animal experimentation – host range, choice of vaccines, Q/A vaccine selection of vaccines • Expert advice to Defra and EU • Test improvement, validation, quality assurance, reagent Disease threat: supply and training • Surveillance • Diagnosis, characterisation and testing • Consultancy and research priorities

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WRLFMD:January- December 2009 1200

1000 Our busiest year! 800 * * - N.B. Figures don’t 1037 samples 600 *

Samples include samples 400 submitted to UK NRL as part of national FMD 200 outbreaks 0 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 Year 50 From: 40 36 countries 30 The WRLFMD website contains quarterly and 20 annual reference laboratory reports C o un tries http://www.wrlfmd.org/ref_labs/fmd_ref_lab_reports.htm 10

0 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 Year

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WRLFMD: 2009 2009 ~1000 samples from 36 countries

BOTSWANA SENEGAL • ~1000 samples - 300% increase on 2008 EGYPT SOMALIA ETHIOPIA SOUTH AFRICA KENYA SUDAN MALAWI SWAZILAND ~500 positive (523 in period 2006-2008) MOZAMBIQUE UGANDA • ZAMBIA BAHRAIN AFRICA IRAN 13 BHUTAN ~483 VP1 sequences (330 in 2008) IRAQ BANGLADESH • ISRAEL CAMBODIA KUWAIT MIDDLE EAST ASIA HONG KONG LEBANON 11 10 MYANMAR LIBYA NEPAL • Predominantly O and A serotype PALESTINE A.T. EUROPE PAKISTAN SAUDI ARABIA SRI LANKA 2 A-Iran-05 lineage 30% UAE TAIWAN YEMEN THAILAND O-PanAsia 2 44%

TURKEY ITALY (SVD) WRLFMD WRLFMD Institute for Animal Health Institute for Animal Health

FMD Reports in 2009 FMD Reports in 2009

Southern/Southeast Asia Africa Middle and Near East • Cambodia O & A • Angola SAT2 • Bahrain A & Asia1 • China Asia 1 & A • Botswana SAT2 • Iran A • ChineseTaipei O • Egypt O & A • Iraq A • Hong Kong O • Ethiopia O & A • Israel O & A • Thailand O • Kenya O, A, SAT1 & SAT2 • Kuwait A • Myanmar O • Sudan O • Nepal O • Zambia SAT1 & SAT2 • Lebanon A • Vietnam O & A • Libya A • Palestine AT O & A South America A-Iran-05 lineage Central Asia • Turkey O & A • Ecuador ? • UAE O O PanAsia II • Pakistan O, A & Asia1 • Colombia O • Yemen O

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Positive Samples Received to WRLFMD 2009 VP1 SEQUENCES 2009 291

SAT2 SAT3 Asia 1 O = 250 SAT1 5% 1% 1% 179 5% A = 176 6% 4% 1% C = 0 1% Asia 1 = 7 A o SAT 1 = 27 O 33% 55% A SAT 2 = 20 52% SAT 3 = 3 36% ASIA 1 SAT 1 SAT 2 SAT 3 28 27 3 O 7 A SAT1 SAT2 SAT3 Asia 1 WRLFMD WRLFMD Institute for Animal Health Institute for Animal Health 41

Bahrain Conjectured status for FMD (2009) 36 countries FMD Outbreaks in 2009 A & Asia1 ~1000 samples Lebanon Libya >500 positive A A

United Arab Emirates Iran O O & A Turkey O & A Israel Kuwait O & A A Iraq A Sudan O China Senegal Asia 1 & A No type Chinese Taipei O Egypt Pakistan O & A O, A and Asia 1 Vietnam A and Asia 1 Myanmar O Thailand Angola Botswana Ethiopia O SAT2 SAT2 O & A FMD -Fre e Endemic F ree with va ccination Honk Kong Kenya Countries with multiples zones: Free. Virus present in g ame park s Inte rmediate, spora dic Zambia O, A, SAT 1 & SAT 2 O F MD-free, free with vaccination or not fre e SAT 1 & SAT 2

FMD -Free Endemic Free with vaccination

Countries with multiples zones: Free. Virus present in game parks Intermediate, sporadic FMD-free, free with vaccination or not free WRLFMD WRLFMD Institute for Animal Health

A/MAY/9/2009 A/MAY/9/2009 A/VN /09/2009 * (GQ40624 7) A/VN/09/2009* (GQ406247) A/VN /11/2009* (GQ40625 0) A/VN/02 /2 009* (GQ4 06248) A/VN/03 /2 009* (GQ4 06249) A/VN/11/2009* (GQ406250) A /TAI/15 /20 08 A/TAI/16/20 08 A/VN/02/2009* (GQ406248) A/TAI/19/20 08 A/HuBW H/C H A/2009 A/TAI/17/20 08 A/VN/03/2009* (GQ406249) A/TAI/18 /20 0 8 Report on FMDV A A/MAY/2/2 0 09 A/TAI/15/2008 Other recent FMD outbreaks in 2009-2010 A/VN /20/2009 * (GQ4062 52) A/VN/16/200 9* (GQ4062 51) A/TAI/1 0/200 8 A/TAI/16/2008 A/TAI/4 /2 008 in the Republic of A/TA I/9 /2008 A/TAI/19/2008 A/TA I/1 3/2 008 10 0 A/TAI/11/2 008 A/TA I/8 /2008 A/HuBWH/CHA/2009 A/TAI/14/2 008 • Peoples Republic of China had Type A outbreaks through 2009 A/Pochun /KOR /2010* (N VR QS ) A/TAI/17/2008 Korea in 2010 71 A/MAY/1/2 008 1 00 A/MAY/3/200 8 A /MAY /3/2007 A/TAI/18/2008 86 VP1 sequence received from National 100 A/TAI/1 1/20 07 A/TAI/8/2006 A/MAY/2/2009 A/TAI/11 /20 0 6 Veterinary Research and Quarantine A/T AI/2 /20 06 • And Type ? in 2010 in pigs (awaiting permissions) 84 A/TAI/3/2006 A/VN/20/2009* (GQ406252) Service, Anyang, Gyeonggi 430-824, A/TA I/1 0/200 6 A/TA I/4 /20 06 A/TAI/7/2 006 A/VN/16/2009* (GQ406251) A/TAI/6/20 06 Republic of Korea, 08 January 2010. 78 A/TAI/9/20 06 A/TAI/10/2008 A/VIT/14 /2 005 10 0 A/VIT/1 8 /20 05 1 00 A/TAI/11 /20 0 5 A/TAI/4/2008 th A/TAI/1/20 06 A/VIT/5/2 004 A/TAI/9/2008 • FMD reported on 7 January 2010 in South Korea in cattle 9 7 A/V IT/9/2004 A/VIT/11/200 4 A/TAI/13/2008 A/TAI/8 /2 00 3 88 A/MAY/1 /20 03 A/MAY/3/200 3 100 A/TAI/11/2008 – -ve by LFD A/TAI/4/2 003 A/TAI/1 0/2 0 03 A/T AI/7/2003 A/TAI/8/2008 A /TAI/11 /20 03 9 6 A/TAI/6 /20 04 A/TAI/14/2008 A/TAI/12 /2 00 3 – But it was for NSP A/VIT/12 /2 004 ASI A A/Pochun/KOR/2010* (NVRQS) A/MAY /4/2003 A/LAO/36/20 03 (EU66 7455) 71 A/LAO/1/200 6 (2003 )(EU 66 7456) 71 A/MAY/1/2008 A/VIT /4 /2 004 9 6 A/VIT/6/200 4 100 A/VIT/10/2 004 A/MAY/3/2008 – +ve by SP LFD 98 A/TAI/3 /2 005 A/TAI/9 /2 00 4 A/MAY/3/2007 A/VIT/13 /2005 A/VIT/8 /2 005 86 99 100 86 A/TAI/11/2007 th A/VIT/10/2 005 A/MAY/1/2007 A/T AI/3 /20 07 • Second outbreak reported 14 January 2010 in cattle 89 A/TAI/8/2006 77 A/C AM/1/2006 A/C AM/2/2006 10 0 A/C AM/2/20 08 A/TAI/11/2006 99 A/C AM 4/08* (TR R L) 9 3 A/LAO/6/20 06 (E U66 7457) A/TAI/2/2006 A/L AO/7 /2006 (E U667458 ) 84 A/LAO/8/2006 ( EU 6674 59) • Now 6 outbreaks and continuing? A/MAY/2/2002 (EU 414 533) A/TAI/3/2006 A/TAI/2/97(EF20 8 778) 99 A/TAI/4 /2 00 5 A/TAI/7 /2 005 A/TAI/10/2006 100 A/MAY/5/20 05 A/TA I/2 /20 05 A/TAI/4/2006 A/TAI/118/87 * (E F2087 77) • Type A- Asia topotype closely related to Chinese and SEA A/IN D /7/82 (198 0) A/TAI/7/2006 A/IN D/17 /77* ( AF2041 08) A 22/IRQ/24 /6 4 (AJ251 474) 10 0 A/IR N /8 7 78 A/TAI/6/2006 A/S AU/4 1/91 (FJ75 5085) isolates from Vietnam and Thailand A/IR N/2 2/99 (EF2087 72) A/TAI/9/2006 A/IRN /1/96(EF2 08771) A/SAU/23/86 (EU414 536) 99 A/AP R/51/05* (EF 120400 ) A/VIT/14/2005 100 A/AP S/50 /05/1*(IND)( EU 1097 91) A/A PS/4 5/05*(IND )( EU 1097 92) 75 100 A/VIT/18/2005 A/AP S/58 /05* ( IND )(E U 10979 0) 100 A/AP S/66/0 5* (IN D )(E U 109788 ) 95 93 A/A PS/5 9/05* (IND )( EU 1097 89) 100 A/TAI/11/2005 A/AP S/4 4/05* ( EF12 040 2) 1 00 A/AP S/68/05 * (E F1204 03 ) A/IN D /53/08* (FJ6172 41) A/TAI/1/2006 9 9 A/IND /152 /0 6* (F J617247 ) A /IN D /163/0 8* (F J6 17242) A/VIT/5/2004 A/IN D /243/04* (FJ617 245) 96 A/IND/360 /07* ( FJ617243 ) 97 100 A/IND /124/08 * (FJ61 7244) A/VIT/9/2004 99 A /IND /128/08 * (F J6 17246) A15/B angkok/TA I/6 0 (AY59 3755) A/VIT/11/2004 100 AFR IC A EU R O -SA 100 A/TAI/8/2003

88 0.02 A/MAY/1/2003 A/MAY/3/2003 Institute for Animal Health Institute for Animal Health A/TAI/4/2003 A/TAI/10/2003

Vaccine Recommendations

Report on FMDV in (National & European antigen banks) the PDR China in 2010 ? O Manisa HIGH O BFS or Campos A-Iran-05 * PRIORITY A24 Cruzeiro A22 Iraq Asia 1 Shamir SAT 2 Saudi Arabia (or equivalent)

A Argentina 01 MEDIUM A Iran 96 A Iran 99 PRIORITY A Eritrea A Iran 87 or A Saudi Arabia 23/86 (or equivalent) A Malaysia 97 (or Thai equivalent such as A/NPT/TAI/86) O Taiwan 97 (pig-adapted strain or Philippine equivalent) SAT 1 South Africa SAT 2 Zimbabwe

LOW A15 Bangkok related strain PRIORITY A Kenya A87 Argentina related strain SAT 1 Kenya SAT 2 Kenya SAT 3 Zimbabwe C Noville ExCom79 Institute for Animal Health Within category: not in order of importance 42

Vaccine Recommendations for 2010 Vaccine Recommendations for 2010

A-IRAN-05 and O PanAsia II still present a significant threat for further spread. Matching tests revealed gaps in cover with Serotype A with A-Iran-05 isolates

having a poor match with the A 22 Iraq vaccine strain. Asia 1 Shamir has given a good antigenic match to most strains within the Asia 1 serotype, although one isolate from Pakistan in 2009 gave a very low r value by both New vaccines released in 2009 by both Intervet and Merial specifically for A-Iran-05 VNT and ELISA. Again the situation is being carefully monitored. are expected to provide much better protection, although no independent efficacy testing has yet been carried out on these vaccines. There is a need for vigilance with the SAT1 and SAT2 serotypes due to possible Antigenic variability of serotype O viruses is less than the A serotype and O1 Manisa incursions from various trade routes but there is an issue over which vaccine has been recommended for many years as a suitable vaccine for viruses of the ME-SA strains to include as they are limited and there is little information on relevance to topotype. current field strains. However, some very recent O isolates have shown poor r values by VNT but consistently higher ELISA r values. This situation is being closely monitored.

ExCom79 ExCom79 Institute for Animal Health Institute for Animal Health

Vaccine Recommendations for 2010 Vaccine Recommendations for 2010

Commercial Vaccines Commercial Vaccines Genetic typing 2009 Genetic typing 2009 Countries Available for Europe Countries Available for Europe Event Matched vaccines from Event Matched vaccines from Pool Name Rank Serotype affected in Pool Name Rank Serotype affected in type other suppliers type other suppliers Topotype Genotype2009 & 2010 Intervet Merial Topotype Genotype2009 & 2010 Intervet Merial

Bahrain Iran Iraq Isr ael ASIA Iran-05 Major A/Turkey/4/2006 A-Iran-05 A/Tur/06 A Kuwait •Improve process for vaccine recommendations Libya Palestinian AT 3 3 West Eurasia 1 Turkey Iran Increase information made generally available O ME-SA PanAsia-2 Saudi Arabia Major O1/Manisa O1/Manisa O Ind R2/75 • Turkey Iran O ME-SA Ind-2001 Minor O1/Manisa O1/Manisa ? UAE •Produce a table with comments Asia 1 -- Bahrain Minor Asia-1 Shamir Asia-1 Shamir Asia-1 Shamir Hong Kong O CATHAY - SAR Minor - O Philippines 98 ? Taiwan POC •Summary document of FMD activity Malaysia O SEA Mya-98 Myanmar Major? O1/Manisa O1/Manisa O Ind R2/75 Thailand O ME-SA PanAsia Malaysia Minor O1/Manisa O1/Manisa O Ind R2/75 1 •Provide a clearer understanding of risk 1 East Asia 2 Laos Malaysia P.R. China A ASIA Thai-03 South Korea Major A/Malaysia/97 A/Malaysia/97 A/May/97 (2010) •A systems approach Thailand Vietnam Asia 1 ?? P.R. China ? Asia-1 Shamir Asia-1 Shamir ?

Other Activities/Achievements PTS 2009 - Phase XXII Aims • UKAS ISO 17025 in December •To complete a proficiency testing study for virological • Interlaboratory proficiency tests for virus detection and serology and serological diagnosis for FMD and SVD in 2009. • Training: FMD course April 2010

• Global FMD Research Alliance (GFRA) •To assist National FMD Laboratories in EU member

- Meeting at Pirbright January 2010 states and other regions in improving and maintaining

• Continued development of LFD penside test with Svanova and accurate and reproducible FMD and SVD diagnostic

IZS-Brescia and with Smiths detection on rapid field based PCR- tests for virology and serology

BioSeeq

• Update quarterly report format ExCom79

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Phase XXII – Participants PTS 2009 - Phase XXII • 71 countries invited Invitees Participants • 43 labs took part: 25 were from EU member countries; EU 38.0% EU 57.8% • 18 from Non-EU countries. Non-EU Non-EU 62.0% 42.2% •Tests not specified, labs asked to select tests and interpret results based upon: • Virus detection – as if samples were from suspect outbreaks. Phase XXII • Serology - as if serum samples were from suspect FMDV infection cases with EU Non-EU Total (country/lab) and without vaccination No if invitees 26/27 42/44 68/71 • Participants asked for test results and overall interpretation No of responses 25/26 18/19 43/45 • Information on national surveillance for FMD and/or SVD and QA Participants 25/26 18/19 43/45 accreditation status • Results presented at the joint meeting of FMD/SVD NRL’s in Brussels in January 2010 Institute for Animal Health ExCom79 ExCom79

Other Activities/Achievements Current and Future Issues • OIE/FAO FMD Ref Labs Network • Increase knowledge of circulating viruses in Africa - Interlaboratory vaccine matching ring trial - Lack of information on effective vaccine strains in Africa - Meeting in Delhi in November 2009 - Twinning with African countries now being discussed • Improve interactions and information sharing with other reference • Activity in Nigeria- Antonello Di Nardo & National Veterinary laboratories Research Institute (NVRI) - Network meetings and 2-way training visits • And Kenya • both countries to send staff to Pirbright for training • Information from China • Recent Fellow from Mali -6 months • Also 6 month placement of Chinese scientist from Lanzhou for • Samples from India sequencing of Chinese isolates? • IATA and transport of samples

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Replacement of Main Laboratory- interim New Main Laboratory Building SAPO4 laboratory The closure (2007) of the Main laboratory for SAPO4 work has required an interim solution to allow 60 scientists to continue their grant work – in April 2009 work began and is expected to be completed by April 2010- cost £10M, £5M contribution from DEFRA

£100M+ project signed off in July Construction to start March 2010

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WRLFMD Summary Institute for Animal Health Development • WRLFMD provides antigenic characterisation and epidemiological Programme (IAH-DP) monitoring of circulating virus strains

• Need for improved submissions from some regions

• WRLFMD Provides a global ‘ real time virus map’ for the implementation of

better informed control measures for FMD

• FMD activity increased in 2009 in Middle East

• Spread of A-Iran05 lineage

• Vaccine recommendations have been modified

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