1 INTRODUCTION
Orienteering is a world-wide sport. A common approach to the interpretation and drawing of orienteering maps is essential for fair competition and for the future growth of the sport. These specifications should be read in conjunction with the Competition Rules for IOF Mountain Bike Orienteering Events. For IOF events, deviations are permissible only with the sanction of the IOF Map Commission (IOF MC). For other events such sanction must be given by the national federation. It is the aim of the International Specification for Orienteering Maps (ISOM) to provide a map specification which can accommodate the many different types of terrain around the world and the many ways of doing orienteering. Map specifications for mountain bike orienteering are based on the specifications for foot orienteering maps. However, in order to meet the specific requirements put on the map by the nature of mountain bike orienteering, a complete and separate set of specifications is described in this set of rules.
2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 2.1 Orienteering and the map
Mountain bike orienteering (MTBO) is a sport in which the competitor completes a course of control points in the shortest possible time, aided only by map, compass and bike. As in all forms of sport, it is necessary to ensure that the conditions of competition are the same for all competitors. The more accurate the map, the better this can be done, and the greater the opportunity for the course planner to set a good and fair course. From the competitors' point of view, an accurate and legible map is a reliable guide for choice of route, and it enables them to navigate along a route chosen to suit their navigational skill and physical ability. However, skill in route choice loses all meaning if the map is not a true picture of the ground— if it is inaccurate, out-of-date or of poor legibility. The path and track network shows where the going and navigation is easiest. A detailed classification of the degrees of hindrance or good going helps the competitor to make the right decisions. Orienteering is, first of all, to navigate by map reading. An accurate map is, therefore, necessary for a good and effective route choice. In the ideal case no competitor should gain an advantage or suffer a disadvantage because of faults on the map. The aim of the course planner is a course where the deciding factor in the results will be navigational skill. This can be achieved only if the map is sufficiently accurate, complete, and reliable, and also clear and legible under competition conditions. The better the map the course planner has, the greater the chance he has of setting good, fair courses, whether for the elite or for the novice. For the mapper, the task is knowing which features to map and how to represent them.Acontinuing involvement in the sport is important for a basic understanding of the requirements for the orienteering map: its content, the need for accuracy, the level of detail and above all the need for legibility.
2.2 Content INTERNATIONAL ORIENTEERING FEDERATION Mountain bike orienteering is a sport in which the competitor uses the map to navigate a track and path network 2010 in order to visit a number of control points. The competitor must always stay on the tracks and paths and is not Valid from 15 Ma y 20 1 0 allowed to cycle freely in the terrain.This rule is important for the requirements of the map.
1 1 INTRODUCTION Mountain bike orienteering takes place on the track and path network and involves as a basic element complex 3 MAP SPECIFICATION FOR MOUNTAIN BIKE ORIENTEERING route choice problems, including the estimating of height differences. It is obvious that the map must concentrate Orienteering is a world-wide sport. A common approach to the interpretation and drawing of orienteering maps on clearly depicting these features. The map must also be legible when cycling at high speed. This means that 3.1 Scale and symbol sizes is essential for fair competition and for the future growth of the sport. the map should omit a large number of details in "free" terrain in order to exaggerate the track and path network and to simplify the presentation of the shape of the ground. Only details that impact a) route choice and b) navigation and positioning, need be shown on the map. The scale for a mountain bike orienteering map is often smaller than that for a foot orienteering map. Organisers These specifications should be read in conjunction with the Competition Rules for IOF Mountain Bike are encouraged to use maps drawn specifically for mountain bike orienteering at an appropriate scale, which will Orienteering Events. For IOF events, deviations are permissible only with the sanction of the IOF Map normally be 1:10 000, 1:15 000 or 1:20 000. 1:5000 and 1:7500 scales are suitable for sprint. Commission (IOF MC). For other events such sanction must be given by the national federation. A mountain bike orienteering map is a detailed topographic map. The map must contain the features which are obvious on the ground to a competitor at speed. It must show every feature which could influence map reading or The official map scales in official IOF mountain bike orienteering events: It is the aim of the International Specification for Orienteering Maps (ISOM) to provide a map specification which route choice. can accommodate the many different types of terrain around the world and the many ways of doing orienteering. Ø 1:20 000 for long distance events Map specifications for mountain bike orienteering are based on the specifications for foot orienteering maps. The map must show the features which are obvious on the ground and which are of value from the point of view Ø 1:15 000 for relay, middle and long distance events However, in order to meet the specific requirements put on the map by the nature of mountain bike orienteering, of map reading.When surveying, an attempt must be made to maintain the clarity and legibility of the map, i. e. a complete and separate set of specifications is described in this set of rules. the minimum dimensions designed for normal sight must not be forgotten when choosing the degree of Ø 1:10 000 for relay, sprint and middle distance events generalization. Ø 1:7500 and 1:5000 for sprint and sprint relay events The map must contain magnetic north lines and may additionally contain some place names and peripheral text 2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS For practical reasons, a map should not be larger than is necessary for the orienteering competition. Maps larger to help the competitor to orientate the map to north. This text should be written from west to east. Text within the thanA3 should be avoided. map should be placed to avoid obscuring important features, and the style of lettering should be simple. 2.1 Orienteering and the map The size of symbols in different scales: The sides of the map should be parallel to the magnetic north lines.Arrowheads may be used to show magnetic Scale Symbols Mountain bike orienteering (MTBO) is a sport in which the competitor completes a course of control points in the north. 1:20 000 As specified in this publication shortest possible time, aided only by map, compass and bike. As in all forms of sport, it is necessary to ensure that the conditions of competition are the same for all competitors. The more accurate the map, the better this 1:15 000 As specified in this publication can be done, and the greater the opportunity for the course planner to set a good and fair course. 2.3 Accuracy 1:10 000 Enlargement (1.5x) from 1:15 000 map 1:7500 Enlargement (1.5x) from 1:15 000 map (same as 1:10 000) From the competitors' point of view, an accurate and legible map is a reliable guide for choice of route, and it The general rule should be that competitors shall not perceive any inaccuracy in the map. The accuracy 1:5000 Enlargement (1.5x) from 1:15 000 map (same as 1:10 000) enables them to navigate along a route chosen to suit their navigational skill and physical ability. However, skill in of the map as a whole depends upon the accuracy of measurement (position, height and shape) and the route choice loses all meaning if the map is not a true picture of the ground— if it is inaccurate, out-of-date or of accuracy of drawing. poor legibility. 3.2 Contour interval
The path and track network shows where the going and navigation is easiest. A detailed classification of the 2.4 Generalization and legibility The contour interval for mountain bike orienteering maps is 5 m. In very hilly terrain an interval of 10 m and in a degrees of hindrance or good going helps the competitor to make the right decisions. Orienteering is, first of all, flat terrain an interval of 2.5 m may be used.The aim is a clear representation of the elevation. to navigate by map reading. An accurate map is, therefore, necessary for a good and effective route choice. In Those features which are most essential for the competitor in competition must be selected and presented on the ideal case no competitor should gain an advantage or suffer a disadvantage because of faults on the map. the orienteering map. To achieve this, in such a way that the map is legible and easy to interpret, cartographic Note:The same interval must be used all over the map! generalization must be employed. There are two phases of generalization — selective generalization and The aim of the course planner is a course where the deciding factor in the results will be navigational skill. This graphic generalization. can be achieved only if the map is sufficiently accurate, complete, and reliable, and also clear and legible under 3.3 Colours competition conditions. The better the map the course planner has, the greater the chance he has of setting Selective generalization is the decision as to which details and features should be presented on the map. Two good, fair courses, whether for the elite or for the novice. important considerations contribute to this decision — the importance of the feature from the competitors' point The correct order of colours plays an important role in the legibility of amountain bike orienteering map. The of view and its influence on the legibility of the map. These two considerations will sometimes be incompatible, order of colours of anmountain bike orienteering map is to be as follows: For the mapper, the task is knowing which features to map and how to represent them.Acontinuing involvement w but the demand for legibility must never be relaxed in order to present an excess of small details and features on Upper purple: all purple symbols except control points (circles) and lines between them in the sport is important for a basic understanding of the requirements for the orienteering map: its content, the w the map. Therefore, it will be necessary at the survey stage to adopt minimum sizes for many types of detail. Black track and path symbols need for accuracy, the level of detail and above all the need for legibility. w However, consistency is one of the most important qualities of the orienteering map. Lower purple: control points (circles) and lines between them wBlack 70 % symbols 2.2 Content Graphic generalization can greatly affect the clarity of the map. Simplification, displacement and exaggeration wBrown are used to this end. wBlue wGreen Mountain bike orienteering is a sport in which the competitor uses the map to navigate a track and path network wYellow in order to visit a number of control points. The competitor must always stay on the tracks and paths and is not allowed to cycle freely in the terrain.This rule is important for the requirements of the map.
1 2 3 Mountain bike orienteering takes place on the track and path network and involves as a basic element complex 3 MAP SPECIFICATION FOR MOUNTAIN BIKE ORIENTEERING 3.4 Printing and reproduction 4 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS (MTBO) route choice problems, including the estimating of height differences. It is obvious that the map must concentrate on clearly depicting these features. The map must also be legible when cycling at high speed. This means that 3.1 Scale and symbol sizes Even though new printing methods, like digital offset, colour copying etc., are developing rapidly, traditional Definitions of map features and specifications for the drawing of symbols are given in the following sections. the map should omit a large number of details in "free" terrain in order to exaggerate the track and path network offset is still superior in quality when printing detailed maps. For IOF events such as World Championships and The dimensions of the symbols are the same in every scale. and to simplify the presentation of the shape of the ground. Only details that impact a) route choice and b) World Cup this is the recommended method. However, if alternative methods produce maps with the same Symbols are classified into 7 categories: Note: dimensions are navigation and positioning, need be shown on the map. The scale for a mountain bike orienteering map is often smaller than that for a foot orienteering map. Organisers are encouraged to use maps drawn specifically for mountain bike orienteering at an appropriate scale, which will quality as traditional spot colour offset printing, they will be accepted. specified in mm at the real Land forms ( rown)b map scale. A mountain bike orienteering map is a detailed topographic map. The map must contain the features which are normally be 1:10 000, 1:15 000 or 1:20 000. 1:5000 and 1:7500 scales are suitable for sprint. For smaller competitions, maps are likely to be reproduced in relatively small quantities and for this the new and Rock and boulders (black 70 % + grey for bare rock) All drawings are in double obvious on the ground to a competitor at speed. It must show every feature which could influence map reading or Water and marsh (blue) The official map scales in official IOF mountain bike orienteering events: cheaper printing methods are well suited. scale for clarity only. route choice. Vegetation (green + yellow) Ø 1:20 000 for long distance events Man-made features (black 70 %, tracks black) gap or infill between two lines The map must show the features which are obvious on the ground and which are of value from the point of view Technical symbols (black70 % + blue) line thickness Ø 1:15 000 for relay, middle and long distance events of map reading.When surveying, an attempt must be made to maintain the clarity and legibility of the map, i. e. Course symbols (purple) distance from centre to centre the minimum dimensions designed for normal sight must not be forgotten when choosing the degree of Ø 1:10 000 for relay, sprint and middle distance events or length of line generalization. Ø 1:7500 and 1:5000 for sprint and sprint relay events diameter 4.1 Land forms symbol orientated to north The map must contain magnetic north lines and may additionally contain some place names and peripheral text For practical reasons, a map should not be larger than is necessary for the orienteering competition. Maps larger to help the competitor to orientate the map to north. This text should be written from west to east. Text within the thanA3 should be avoided. map should be placed to avoid obscuring important features, and the style of lettering should be simple. The shape of land is shown by means of contours. This is complemented in black 70 % by the symbols for rock The size of symbols in different scales: and cliffs. Orienteering terrain is normally best represented with a 5 m contour interval. The sides of the map should be parallel to the magnetic north lines.Arrowheads may be used to show magnetic north. Scale Symbols 1:20 000 As specified in this publication In order to maintain legibility of the map with scales down to 1: 20 000, when cycling at high speed the contour 1:15 000 As specified in this publication lines may be more generalised in comparison to foot orienteering maps. 2.3 Accuracy 1:10 000 Enlargement (1.5x) from 1:15 000 map The relative height difference between neighbouring features must be represented on the map as accurately as 1:7500 Enlargement (1.5x) from 1:15 000 map (same as 1:10 000) possible.Absolute height accuracy is of less importance. It is permissible to alter the height of a contour slightly if The general rule should be that competitors shall not perceive any inaccuracy in the map. The accuracy 1:5000 Enlargement (1.5x) from 1:15 000 map (same as 1:10 000) this will improve the representation of a feature. This deviation should not exceed 25 % of the contour interval of the map as a whole depends upon the accuracy of measurement (position, height and shape) and the and attention must be paid to neighbouring features. accuracy of drawing. 3.2 Contour interval 101 Contour 2.4 Generalization and legibility The contour interval for mountain bike orienteering maps is 5 m. In very hilly terrain an interval of 10 m and in a A line joining points of equal height. The standard vertical interval between contours flat terrain an interval of 2.5 m may be used.The aim is a clear representation of the elevation. 0.14 is 5 metres. The smallest bend in a contour is 0.25 mm from centre to centre of the lines. Those features which are most essential for the competitor in competition must be selected and presented on Colour: brown. the orienteering map. To achieve this, in such a way that the map is legible and easy to interpret, cartographic Note:The same interval must be used all over the map! generalization must be employed. There are two phases of generalization — selective generalization and 102 Index contour graphic generalization. 3.3 Colours Every fifth contour shall be drawn with a thicker line. This is an aid to the quick assessment of height difference and the overall shape of the terrain surface. Where Selective generalization is the decision as to which details and features should be presented on the map. Two 0.25 The correct order of colours plays an important role in the legibility of amountain bike orienteering map. The an index contour coincides with an area of much detail, it may be shown with a normal important considerations contribute to this decision — the importance of the feature from the competitors' point contour line. of view and its influence on the legibility of the map. These two considerations will sometimes be incompatible, order of colours of anmountain bike orienteering map is to be as follows: w Colour: brown. but the demand for legibility must never be relaxed in order to present an excess of small details and features on Upper purple: all purple symbols except control points (circles) and lines between them w the map. Therefore, it will be necessary at the survey stage to adopt minimum sizes for many types of detail. Black track and path symbols wLower purple: control points (circles) and lines between them 104 Slope line However, consistency is one of the most important qualities of the orienteering map. 0.5 Slope lines may be drawn on the lower side of a contour line, e.g. along the line of a re- wBlack 70 % symbols 0.14 entrant or in a depression. They are used only where it is necessary to clarify the Graphic generalization can greatly affect the clarity of the map. Simplification, displacement and exaggeration wBrown w direction of slope. are used to this end. Blue Colour: brown. wGreen wYellow 105 Contour value Contour values may be included to aid assessment of large height differences. They 5 1.5 are inserted in the index contours in positions where other detail is not obscured. The 22 figures should be orientated so that the top of the figure is on the higher side of the contour. 2 3 4 Colour: brown 5 3.4 Printing and reproduction 4 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS (MTBO) 106 Earth bank ø 0.18 211 Open sandy ground (0.25) A steep earth bank is an abrupt change in ground level which can be clearly An area of soft sandy ground or gravel with no vegetation and where cycling is slow. distinguished from its surroundings, e. g. gravel or sand pits, road and railway Where an area of sandy ground is open but cycling is good, it is shown as open land Even though new printing methods, like digital offset, colour copying etc., are developing rapidly, traditional Definitions of map features and specifications for the drawing of symbols are given in the following sections. 0.5 0.45 offset is still superior in quality when printing detailed maps. For IOF events such as World Championships and The dimensions of the symbols are the same in every scale. cuttings or embankments. The tags should show the full extent of the slope, but may (401/402). 0.18 0.5 YELLOW BLACK Colour: black 70 % (60 lines/cm) / 12.5 % (22 lines/cm) and yellow 50 % (see 403). World Cup this is the recommended method. However, if alternative methods produce maps with the same Symbols are classified into 7 categories: Note: dimensions are be omitted if two banks are close together. Impassable banks should be drawn with specified in mm at the real 0.18 0.14 symbol 201 (impassable cliff). The line width of very high earth banks may be 0.25 quality as traditional spot colour offset printing, they will be accepted. 212 Bare rock Land forms ( rown)b map scale. min. 0.6 mm. A ridable area of rock without earth or vegetation is shown as bare rock. An area of Rock and boulders (black 70 % + grey for bare rock) All drawings are in double Colour: brown. For smaller competitions, maps are likely to be reproduced in relatively small quantities and for this the new and rock covered with grass, moss or other low vegetation is shown as open land (401/ cheaper printing methods are well suited. Water and marsh (blue) scale for clarity only. (30 %) Vegetation (green + yellow) 107 Earth wall 402). Man-made features (black 70 %, tracks black) gap or infill between two lines 0.14 Distinct earth wall. Minimum height 1 m. Colour: black 30 % (60 lines/cm) or grey. Technical symbols (black70 % + blue) line thickness 2.5 ø 0.4 Colour: brown. Course symbols (purple) distance from centre to centre or length of line 109 Erosion gully max. An erosion gully or trench. Minimum depth 0.5 m. 4.3 Water and marsh diameter 0.25 Colour: brown. 4.1 Land forms symbol orientated to north Besides navigation and positioning, this group is important to the competitor as it facilitates the interpretation of height in maps with complex contouring. In dry areas the features listed in this section may only contain water in some seasons. The shape of land is shown by means of contours. This is complemented in black 70 % by the symbols for rock and cliffs. Orienteering terrain is normally best represented with a 5 m contour interval. 4.2 Rock and boulders 301 Lake Large areas of water are shown with dot screen (50 %). Small areas of water should In order to maintain legibility of the map with scales down to 1: 20 000, when cycling at high speed the contour Rock is a special category of land form. Rocks and boulders are not likely to affect route choice, but where be shown with full colour.The colour of the bank line is blue 100 %. lines may be more generalised in comparison to foot orienteering maps. prominent they can serve as valuable features for navigation and positioning. The maps may show these 0.25 Colour: blue. features when they are visible to the competitor. The relative height difference between neighbouring features must be represented on the map as accurately as 304 Uncrossable river possible.Absolute height accuracy is of less importance. It is permissible to alter the height of a contour slightly if An uncrossable river or canal is drawn with blue bank lines. min. Colour: blue. this will improve the representation of a feature. This deviation should not exceed 25 % of the contour interval 201 Impassable cliff 0.2 and attention must be paid to neighbouring features. An impassable cliff, quarry or earth bank (see 106) is shown with a 0.35 mm line and 0.25 0.35 0.5 downward tags showing its full extent from the top line to the foot. For vertical rock 305 Crossable watercourse A crossable watercourse, minimum 2 m wide. The width of watercourses over 5 m 0.12 faces the tags may be omitted if space is short, e. g. narrow passages between cliffs 101 Contour min. wide should be shown to scale. min. (the passage should be drawn with a width of at least 0.3 mm). The tags may extend A line joining points of equal height. The standard vertical interval between contours 0.25 Colour: blue. 0.5 over an area symbol representing detail immediately below the rock face. When a 0.14 is 5 metres. The smallest bend in a contour is 0.25 mm from centre to centre of the 0.6 lines. rock face drops straight into water making it impossible to pass under the cliff along 306 Crossable small watercourse the water’s edge, the bank line is omitted or the tags should clearly extend over the Colour: brown. 0.14 A crossable watercourse (including a major drainage ditch) less than 2 m wide. For bank line. better legibility a ditch in a marsh should be drawn as a crossable watercourse (305). 102 Index contour Colour: black 70 % (60 lines/cm). Colour: blue. Every fifth contour shall be drawn with a thicker line. This is an aid to the quick assessment of height difference and the overall shape of the terrain surface. Where 202 Rock pillars/cliffs 307 Minor water channel In the case of unusual features such as rock pillars, massive cliffs, or gigantic 0.25 an index contour coincides with an area of much detail, it may be shown with a normal 0.14 A natural or man-made minor water channel which may contain water only boulders, the rocks shall be shown in plan shape without tags. 1.25 0.25 intermittently. contour line. Colour: black 70 % (60 lines/cm). Colour: brown. Colour: blue. 206 Boulder 309 Uncrossable marsh 104 Slope line Adistinct boulder (minimum height 1 m). Every boulder marked on the map should be 0.25 0.5 Slope lines may be drawn on the lower side of a contour line, e.g. along the line of a re- ø 0.4 A marsh which is uncrossable or dangerous for the competitor. A blue line surrounds immediately identifiable on the ground. This symbol 206 is the only symbol for 0.25 0.14 (ø 0.5) the symbol. entrant or in a depression. They are used only where it is necessary to clarify the 0.5 boulders. 0.25 Colour: blue. direction of slope. Colour: black 70 % (60 lines/cm). Colour: brown. 310 Marsh 210 Boulder fields / Stony ground Acrossable marsh, usually with a distinct edge. The symbol should be combined with 105 Contour value 0.2 A stony or rocky ground which affects going should be shown on the map. The dots vegetation symbols to show runnability and openness. Where a small marsh area Contour values may be included to aid assessment of large height differences. They 0.1 ø 0.16 - 0.2 should be randomly distributed with density according to the amount of rock. A 0.3 should be combined with either 403 or 404 it is permitted to use 401 / 402 to improve 5 1.5 are inserted in the index contours in positions where other detail is not obscured. The 22 figures should be orientated so that the top of the figure is on the higher side of the minimum of three dots should be used. legibility. Colour: black 70 % (60 lines/cm). min. 0.5 Colour: blue. contour. 4 Colour: brown 5 6 7 106 Earth bank ø 0.18 211 Open sandy ground 314 Special water feature 405 Forest: good visibility (0.25) A steep earth bank is an abrupt change in ground level which can be clearly An area of soft sandy ground or gravel with no vegetation and where cycling is slow. Aspecial small water feature.The definition of the symbol must always be given in the Typically open forest for the particular type of terrain. Wherever a part of the forest is 0.8 0.18 distinguished from its surroundings, e. g. gravel or sand pits, road and railway Where an area of sandy ground is open but cycling is good, it is shown as open land map legend. too dense to be traversed pushing or carrying a bicycle, no white should appear on 0.5 0.45 cuttings or embankments. The tags should show the full extent of the slope, but may (401/402). Colour: blue. the map. 0.18 0.5 be omitted if two banks are close together. Impassable banks should be drawn with YELLOW BLACK Colour: black 70 % (60 lines/cm) / 12.5 % (22 lines/cm) and yellow 50 % (see 403). Colour: white. 0.18 0.14 symbol 201 (impassable cliff). The line width of very high earth banks may be 0.25 212 Bare rock min. 0.6 mm. 4.4 Vegetation 406 Forest: reduced visibility Colour: brown. A ridable area of rock without earth or vegetation is shown as bare rock. An area of An area with dense trees (low visibility) which reduces the speed of traversing the (30 %) rock covered with grass, moss or other low vegetation is shown as open land (401/ The representation of vegetation is of importance to the competitor only for navigational purposes, not for route 30% forest pushing or carrying a bicycle significantly or even makes it impossible to 107 Earth wall 402). choices. For example, if the forest is dense on one side of the path and sparse on the other, this presents traverse. 0.14 Distinct earth wall. Minimum height 1 m. Colour: black 30 % (60 lines/cm) or grey. navigation and positioning information. It is not necessary to grade the forest for “speed” purposes, unlike in Colour: green 30 % (60 lines/cm). 2.5 ø 0.4 Colour: brown. maps for foot orienteering, only for visibility. In order to meet the demands for highest possible legibility, the 30 % 109 Erosion gully green colour used for symbol 406 (forest: reduced visibility) has been judged optimal. ø 0.45 0.8 412 Orchard max. An erosion gully or trench. Minimum depth 0.5 m. 4.3 Water and marsh Land planted with fruit trees or bushes. The dot lines may be orientated to show the 0.25 Colour: brown. It should also be noted that the foot orienteering symbols 414 and 416 (cultivation boundaries) should be omitted direction of planting. If yellow coloured areas become dominant, a screen (75 %) Besides navigation and positioning, this group is important to the competitor as it facilitates the interpretation of since they may cause confusion with some of the symbols used for tracks and paths. instead of full yellow may be used. height in maps with complex contouring. In dry areas the features listed in this section may only contain water in YELLOW GREEN Colour: yellow and green 25 % (12.5 lines/cm). some seasons. COLOUR The basic principle is as follows: 4.2 Rock and boulders 301 Lake white represents forest with good visibility, 413 Vineyard 1.3 The green lines may be orientated to show the direction of planting. If yellow coloured Large areas of water are shown with dot screen (50 %). Small areas of water should yellow represents open areas divided into several categories, 0.6 Rock is a special category of land form. Rocks and boulders are not likely to affect route choice, but where be shown with full colour.The colour of the bank line is blue 100 %. green represents the density of the forest according to its runnability. areas become dominant, a screen (75 %) instead of full yellow may be used. prominent they can serve as valuable features for navigation and positioning. The maps may show these 0.25 Colour: blue. 0.2 0.85 Colour: yellow and green. features when they are visible to the competitor. 401 Open land 304 Uncrossable river Cultivated land, fields, meadows, grassland, etc. without trees. If yellow coloured 0.8 0.18 418, 419, 420 Special vegetation features An uncrossable river or canal is drawn with blue bank lines. 100% areas become dominant, a screen (75 %) instead of full yellow may be used. The Symbols 418, 419 and 420 can be used for special small vegetation features. The min. ø 0.5 201 Impassable cliff 0.2 Colour: blue. areas that are presented with the symbol 415 (cultivated land) in the foot orienteering definition of the symbol must be given in each case in the map legend. An impassable cliff, quarry or earth bank (see 106) is shown with a 0.35 mm line and 0.25 map shall be presented with this symbol in the mountain bike orienteering map. Colour: green. 0.35 0.5 downward tags showing its full extent from the top line to the foot. For vertical rock 305 Crossable watercourse Colour: yellow. A crossable watercourse, minimum 2 m wide. The width of watercourses over 5 m 0.12 faces the tags may be omitted if space is short, e. g. narrow passages between cliffs min. wide should be shown to scale. 4.5 Man-made features min. (the passage should be drawn with a width of at least 0.3 mm). The tags may extend 0.25 Colour: blue. 402 Open land with scattered trees 0.5 over an area symbol representing detail immediately below the rock face. When a Meadows with scattered trees or bushes, with grass or similar ground cover. Areas 2 The track and path network provides information fundamental to the competitor. Other man-made features are 0.6 rock face drops straight into water making it impossible to pass under the cliff along smaller than 10 mm on the map are shown as open land (401). Individual trees may 306 Crossable small watercourse 50% also important both for map reading and as control points. the water’s edge, the bank line is omitted or the tags should clearly extend over the A crossable watercourse (including a major drainage ditch) less than 2 m wide. For be added (418, 419, 420). bank line. 0.14 better legibility a ditch in a marsh should be drawn as a crossable watercourse (305). ø 0.4 0.5 Colour: yellow (20 lines/cm). Colour: black 70 % (60 lines/cm). Colour: blue. 501 Motorway 403 Rough open land A road with two carriageways. The width of the symbol should be drawn to scale, but 202 Rock pillars/cliffs 307 Minor water channel Heath, moorland, felled areas, newly planted areas (trees lower than ca. 1 m) or other not smaller than the minimum width. The space between the black lines must be filled In the case of unusual features such as rock pillars, massive cliffs, or gigantic 0.18 0.14 A natural or man-made minor water channel which may contain water only 50% generally open land with rough ground vegetation, heather or tall grass. with brown (50 %). boulders, the rocks shall be shown in plan shape without tags. min. 0.3 1.25 0.25 intermittently. Colour: yellow 50 % (60 lines/cm). Colour: black and brown (50 %). Colour: black 70 % (60 lines/cm). Colour: blue. 404 Rough open land with scattered trees 502 Major road 206 Boulder 309 Uncrossable marsh Tarmac/asphalt road wider than 5 m. The width of the symbol should be drawn to Adistinct boulder (minimum height 1 m). Every boulder marked on the map should be 0.25 Where there are scattered trees in rough open land, areas of white (or green) should ø 0.4 A marsh which is uncrossable or dangerous for the competitor. A blue line surrounds scale, but not smaller than the minimum width. The space between the black lines immediately identifiable on the ground. This symbol 206 is the only symbol for 0.25 the symbol. (36%) appear in the tone. Such an area may be generalised by using a regular pattern of 0.18 (ø 0.5) 2 min. 0.5 must be filled with brown (50 %).The symbol mayonly be used for tarmac roads. boulders. 0.5 Colour: blue. large white dots in the yellow screen. Areas smaller than 16 mm on the map are 0.25 ø 0.55 Colour: black and brown (50 %). Colour: black 70 % (60 lines/cm). 0.7 shown as rough open land (403). Individual trees may be added (418, 419, 420). 310 Marsh Colour: yellow 70 % (60 lines/cm), white 48.5 % (14.3 lines/cm). 503 Minor road 210 Boulder fields / Stony ground 0.2 Acrossable marsh, usually with a distinct edge. The symbol should be combined with Tarmac/asphalt road 1.5 - 5 m wide. The space between the black lines must be filled A stony or rocky ground which affects going should be shown on the map. The dots 0.1 vegetation symbols to show runnability and openness. Where a small marsh area 0.18 with brown (50 %).The symbol mayonly be used for tarmac roads. ø 0.16 - 0.2 should be randomly distributed with density according to the amount of rock. A 0.3 should be combined with either 403 or 404 it is permitted to use 401 / 402 to improve 0.3 0.25 Colour: black and brown (50 %). minimum of three dots should be used. legibility. Colour: black 70 % (60 lines/cm). min. 0.5 Colour: blue. 6 7 8 9 314 Special water feature 405 Forest: good visibility Riding speed on tracks and paths is divided into four categories according to possible cycling speed. 839:Area where off-track riding is allowed and possible, unofficial Aspecial small water feature.The definition of the symbol must always be given in the Typically open forest for the particular type of terrain. Wherever a part of the forest is This symbol describes an off-track area which may be ridden on in a terrain where off- 0.8 0.18 The following ratios apply: map legend. too dense to be traversed pushing or carrying a bicycle, no white should appear on Fast riding 75-100 % See Appendix 1 track riding is normally forbidden. The symbol can also be used for small areas with Colour: blue. the map. Medium riding 50-75 % for details path networks that are too dense to be mapped properly. Colour: white. on Page 15 Slow riding 25-50 % This symbol will be tested by IOF MTBO Commission in the international MTBO Difficult to ride max 25 % 4.4 Vegetation 406 Forest: reduced visibility competitions during 2010-2011. The aim is that it will be officially approved by IOF in An area with dense trees (low visibility) which reduces the speed of traversing the 2012. (Appendix 1) The representation of vegetation is of importance to the competitor only for navigational purposes, not for route 30% forest pushing or carrying a bicycle significantly or even makes it impossible to 831 Track: fast riding A track with stabilised surface, at least 1.5 m wide. Forest road or well-maintained 509.1 Narrow ride choices. For example, if the forest is dense on one side of the path and sparse on the other, this presents traverse. 0.60 Non-ridable narrow forest rides should be represented. navigation and positioning information. It is not necessary to grade the forest for “speed” purposes, unlike in Colour: green 30 % (60 lines/cm). track with no obstacles. Speed 75-100 %. 0.6 Colour: yellow (100%). maps for foot orienteering, only for visibility. In order to meet the demands for highest possible legibility, the 30 % Colour: black. green colour used for symbol 406 (forest: reduced visibility) has been judged optimal. 412 Orchard 510 Visible path junction ø 0.45 0.8 832 Path: fast riding Land planted with fruit trees or bushes. The dot lines may be orientated to show the Well-maintained path narrower than 1.5 m wide. Smooth, clean path with no erosion When a junction or intersection of paths or tracks is visible, the dashes of the symbols It should also be noted that the foot orienteering symbols 414 and 416 (cultivation boundaries) should be omitted direction of planting. If yellow coloured areas become dominant, a screen (75 %) 0.40 are joined at the junction. since they may cause confusion with some of the symbols used for tracks and paths. or obstacles. Speed 75-100 %. instead of full yellow may be used. Colour: black. Colour: black. YELLOW GREEN Colour: yellow and green 25 % (12.5 lines/cm). COLOUR 833 Track: medium riding 511 Indistinct junction The basic principle is as follows: When a junction or intersection of paths or tracks is not clear, the dashes of the 413 Vineyard 0.8 A track at least 1.5 m wide with some reduction in speed with the possibility of small white represents forest with good visibility, 1.3 symbols are not joined. The green lines may be orientated to show the direction of planting. If yellow coloured 0.60 obstacles such as stones, rocks, ruts, grass, sand or mud. Speed 50-75 %. yellow represents open areas divided into several categories, 0.6 Colour: black. green represents the density of the forest according to its runnability. areas become dominant, a screen (75 %) instead of full yellow may be used. 3.0 Colour: black. 0.2 0.85 Colour: yellow and green. 834 Path: medium riding 515 Railway 401 Open land 0.42 Arailway or other kind of railed track. 0.7 A path narrower than 1.5 m wide with some reduction in speed with the possibility of 0.42 Cultivated land, fields, meadows, grassland, etc. without trees. If yellow coloured 0.8 0.18 418, 419, 420 Special vegetation features 3.6 0.42 Colour: black 70 % (60 lines/cm). areas become dominant, a screen (75 %) instead of full yellow may be used. The Symbols 418, 419 and 420 can be used for special small vegetation features. The 0.40 small obstacles such as stones, rocks, ruts, grass, sand or mud. Speed 50-75 %. 100% Colour: black. areas that are presented with the symbol 415 (cultivated land) in the foot orienteering ø 0.5 definition of the symbol must be given in each case in the map legend. 3.0 516 Power line, cableway or ski lift 0.36 map shall be presented with this symbol in the mountain bike orienteering map. Colour: green. The bars indicate the exact location of the pylons. 835 Track: slow riding 0.17 Colour: black 70 % (60 lines/cm). Colour: yellow. Atrack at least 1.5 m wide, with obstacles that require the riders to choose their way to 0.6 avoid obstacles such as stones, rocks, ruts, grass, sand or mud. Possibility of rocky 4.5 Man-made features 0.60 517 Major power line 402 Open land with scattered trees surfaces. Pedaling is more difficult, riding is slowed. Skilled/fit riders will pass. Less 0.36 Major power lines should be drawn with a double line. The gap between the lines may Meadows with scattered trees or bushes, with grass or similar ground cover. Areas 1.5 skilled/fit riders may have to dismount. Speed 25-50 %. 0.17 2 The track and path network provides information fundamental to the competitor. Other man-made features are indicate the extent of the power line. smaller than 10 mm on the map are shown as open land (401). Individual trees may Colour: black. 50% also important both for map reading and as control points. Colour: black 70 % (60 lines/cm). be added (418, 419, 420). 836 Path: slow riding ø 0.4 0.5 Colour: yellow (20 lines/cm). 518 Tunnel A path narrower than 1.5 m wide, with sufficient obstacles to require the riders to 0.72 501 Motorway 0.6 Away under roads, railways, etc., which may be used by the competitor. This symbol 403 Rough open land A road with two carriageways. The width of the symbol should be drawn to scale, but choose their way to avoid obstacles such as stones, rocks, ruts, grass, sand or mud. 0.21 is used whether or not the tunnel has a track leading to it. 0.40 Possibility of rocky surfaces. Pedaling is more difficult, riding is slowed. Skilled/fit Heath, moorland, felled areas, newly planted areas (trees lower than ca. 1 m) or other 0.18 not smaller than the minimum width. The space between the black lines must be filled 1.5 60º Colour: black 70 % (60 lines/cm). 50% generally open land with rough ground vegetation, heather or tall grass. min. 0.3 with brown (50 %). riders will pass. Less skilled/fit riders may have to dismount. Speed 25-50 %. Colour: yellow 50 % (60 lines/cm). Colour: black and brown (50 %). Colour: black. 521 Stone wall 3.0 This stone wall symbol should represent all visible walls. If a stone wall is forbidden to 837 Track: difficult to ride 0.35 cross, it shall be marked with the symbol 707 (uncrossable boundary). 404 Rough open land with scattered trees 502 Major road Tarmac/asphalt road wider than 5 m. The width of the symbol should be drawn to 0.5 A track at least 1.5 m wide, with difficult obstacles such as roots, deep sand/mud, 0 84. ø 0.75 Colour: black 70 % (60 lines/cm). Where there are scattered trees in rough open land, areas of white (or green) should 0.60 erosion or rocky steps. Very slow riding or impossible to ride. Skilled/fit riders may be 0.18 scale, but not smaller than the minimum width. The space between the black lines (36%) appear in the tone. Such an area may be generalised by using a regular pattern of 0.6 524 High fence 2 min. 0.5 must be filled with brown (50 %).The symbol mayonly be used for tarmac roads. required to dismount. Speed max 25 %. large white dots in the yellow screen. Areas smaller than 16 mm on the map are Colour: black. A boarded or wire fence, not crossable by the riders, e.g. deer fence. If a fence is ø 0.55 Colour: black and brown (50 %). 0.72 0.7 shown as rough open land (403). Individual trees may be added (418, 419, 420). 3.0 0.35 forbidden to cross, it shall be marked with the symbol 707 (uncrossable boundary). Colour: yellow 70 % (60 lines/cm), white 48.5 % (14.3 lines/cm). 838: Path: difficult to ride 0.7 Colour: black 70 % (60 lines/cm). 503 Minor road 0.17 Tarmac/asphalt road 1.5 - 5 m wide. The space between the black lines must be filled 0.4 A path less than 1.5 m wide, with difficult obstacles such as roots, deep sand/mud, 0.18 with brown (50 %).The symbol mayonly be used for tarmac roads. 0.40 erosion or rocky steps. Very slow riding or impossible riding. Skilled/fit riders may be 0.3 0.25 Colour: black and brown (50 %). 0.4 required to dismount. Speed max 25 %. Colour: black.
8 9 10 11 Riding speed on tracks and paths is divided into four categories according to possible cycling speed. 839:Area where off-track riding is allowed and possible, unofficial 525 Crossing point 539, 540 Special man-made features This symbol describes an off-track area which may be ridden on in a terrain where off- 0.72 All ways through or over high fences or walls must be indicated. The symbol may also 0.96 Special man-made features are shown with these symbols. The definition of the The following ratios apply: 0.19 Fast riding 75-100 % See Appendix 1 track riding is normally forbidden. The symbol can also be used for small areas with be used for a gate through or stile over a stone wall (521) or a fence (524) or a pipeline 0.96 symbols must be given in each case in the map legend. path networks that are too dense to be mapped properly. 0.6 (534). Colour: 70 % (60 lines/cm). Medium riding 50-75 % for details 0.21 on Page 15 Colour: black 70 % (60 lines/cm). Slow riding 25-50 % This symbol will be tested by IOF MTBO Commission in the international MTBO Difficult to ride max 25 % competitions during 2010-2011. The aim is that it will be officially approved by IOF in 526 Building 2012. (Appendix 1) A building is shown with its ground plan as so far as the scale permits. There should 4.6 Technical symbols 831 Track: fast riding min. be no black line around buildings. The black colour is strictly restricted to areas that 509.1 Narrow ride 0.5 x 0.5 can be ridden on. A track with stabilised surface, at least 1.5 m wide. Forest road or well-maintained 601 Magnetic north line 0.60 Non-ridable narrow forest rides should be represented. Colour: black 70 % (60 lines/cm). track with no obstacles. Speed 75-100 %. Magnetic north lines are lines placed on the map pointing to magnetic north. At the Colour: black. 0.6 Colour: yellow (100%). 527 Settlement scale of 1:5000,1: 7500 and 1:10 000 the spacing of north lines on the map should be 0.18 30 mm, while at the scale of 1:15 000 and 1:20 000 the spacing on the map should be 832 Path: fast riding 510 Visible path junction Houses and gardens and other built up areas. Roads, buildings and other significant When a junction or intersection of paths or tracks is visible, the dashes of the symbols 20 mm. North lines may be broken where they obscure small features such as Well-maintained path narrower than 1.5 m wide. Smooth, clean path with no erosion 100% 50% features within a settlement must be shown. 0.40 are joined at the junction. Colour: green 50 % (60 lines/cm) and yellow 100 %. boulders, cliffs, stream junctions, and path ends. or obstacles. Speed 75-100 %. YELLOW GREEN Colour: blue. Colour: black. Colour: black. 529 Paved area 602 Registration marks 833 Track: medium riding 511 Indistinct junction An area of hard standing used for parking or other purposes. Riding on paved areas is min. 0.1 When a junction or intersection of paths or tracks is not clear, the dashes of the 4 mm At least three registration marks must be placed within the frame of a map in a non- 0.8 A track at least 1.5 m wide with some reduction in speed with the possibility of small normally allowed. If not, the symbol 709 (out-of-bounds area) shall be used as an symbols are not joined. 0.12 symmetrical position. In addition, a colour check should also be possible. 0.60 obstacles such as stones, rocks, ruts, grass, sand or mud. Speed 50-75 %. 50% overprint. Colour: black. Colour: black (70 %) and brown (50 %). Colour: all printed colours. 3.0 Colour: black. ø 0.3 603 Spot height 834 Path: medium riding 515 Railway 531 Firing range 321 1.5 0.42 Arailway or other kind of railed track. 2.4 A firing range is shown with a special symbol to indicate the need for caution. Spot heights are used for the rough assessment of height differences. The height is 0.7 A path narrower than 1.5 m wide with some reduction in speed with the possibility of 0.42 3.6 0.42 Colour: black 70 % (60 lines/cm). given to the nearest metre. The figures are orientated to the north. Water levels are 0.40 small obstacles such as stones, rocks, ruts, grass, sand or mud. Speed 50-75 %. 1 7. 0. 24 Associated buildings are individually marked. 54 Colour: black 70 % (60 lines/cm). given without the dot. 3.0 Colour: black. 516 Power line, cableway or ski lift 0.3 0.36 The bars indicate the exact location of the pylons. 835 Track: slow riding 0.17 532 Grave Colour: black 70 % (60 lines/cm). Adistinct grave marked by a stone or shrine. Location is at the centre of gravity of the Atrack at least 1.5 m wide, with obstacles that require the riders to choose their way to 0 84. 0.6 avoid obstacles such as stones, rocks, ruts, grass, sand or mud. Possibility of rocky symbol, which is orientated to north. A cemetery is shown by using grave symbols as 4.7 Overprinting symbols 0.60 517 Major power line 1.2 0.36 0.19 space permits. surfaces. Pedaling is more difficult, riding is slowed. Skilled/fit riders will pass. Less 0.36 Major power lines should be drawn with a double line. The gap between the lines may 1.5 skilled/fit riders may have to dismount. Speed 25-50 %. 0.17 Colour: black 70 % (60 lines/cm). indicate the extent of the power line. 701 Start Colour: black. Colour: black 70 % (60 lines/cm). 0.72 534 Uncrossable pipeline The start or map issue point (if not at the start) is shown by an equilateral triangle 0.17 0.6 7.0 0.6 836 Path: slow riding Apipeline which cannot be crossed. If an uncrossable pipeline is forbidden to cross, it which points in the direction of the first control. The centre of the triangle shows the 518 Tunnel 0.21 shall be marked with the symbol 707 (uncrossable boundary) A path narrower than 1.5 m wide, with sufficient obstacles to require the riders to 0.72 Away under roads, railways, etc., which may be used by the competitor. This symbol 45º precise position of the start point. 0.6 3.0 Colour: black 70 % (60 lines/cm). choose their way to avoid obstacles such as stones, rocks, ruts, grass, sand or mud. 0.21 is used whether or not the tunnel has a track leading to it. Colour: upper purple. 0.40 Possibility of rocky surfaces. Pedaling is more difficult, riding is slowed. Skilled/fit 1.5 60º Colour: black 70 % (60 lines/cm). 535 High tower 0.6 riders will pass. Less skilled/fit riders may have to dismount. Speed 25-50 %. 0.36 A high tower or large pylon, standing above the level of the surrounding forest. 702 Control point Colour: black. 521 Stone wall The control points are shown with circles. The centre of the circle shows the precise 3.0 0.19 Location is at the centre of gravity of the symbol. This stone wall symbol should represent all visible walls. If a stone wall is forbidden to ø 0.96 Colour: black 70 % (60 lines/cm). position of the feature. Sections of circles should be omitted to leave important detail 837 Track: difficult to ride 0.35 1 cross, it shall be marked with the symbol 707 (uncrossable boundary). showing. 0 84. ø 0.75 0.6 0.5 A track at least 1.5 m wide, with difficult obstacles such as roots, deep sand/mud, Colour: black 70 % (60 lines/cm). 536 Small tower Colour: lower purple. 0.60 erosion or rocky steps. Very slow riding or impossible to ride. Skilled/fit riders may be 1.2 An obvious shooting platform or seat, or small tower. Location is at the centre of Diameter of control circles is the same in all scales. 524 High fence ø .55 –6.0 0.6 required to dismount. Speed max 25 %. 1.2 0.19 gravity of the symbol. Colour: black. A boarded or wire fence, not crossable by the riders, e.g. deer fence. If a fence is 3.0 0.72 Colour: black 70 % (60 lines/cm). 840 Control point with focus point (in MTBO maps) 0.35 forbidden to cross, it shall be marked with the symbol 707 (uncrossable boundary). 838: Path: difficult to ride 0.7 Colour: black 70 % (60 lines/cm). The focus point (i.e. the point in the centre of a control circle) can be used when it is 0.17 538 Fodder rack ø 0.6 necessary to clarify the exact position of a control for instance in a dense track 0.4 A path less than 1.5 m wide, with difficult obstacles such as roots, deep sand/mud, A fodder rack which is free standing or built on to a tree. Location is at the centre of 1.2 network. The focus point shall be used in case of necessity when the exact position of 0.40 erosion or rocky steps. Very slow riding or impossible riding. Skilled/fit riders may be gravity of the symbol. For land access reasons these may be omitted. a control is not clear. A focus point helps to specify the exact track where a control is 0.4 required to dismount. Speed max 25 %. 1.2 60º 0.19 Colour: 70 % (60 lines/cm). Colour: black. situated. Colour: lower purple (circle), upper purple (focus point). 10 11 12 13 525 Crossing point 539, 540 Special man-made features 703 Control number 3.0 713 Refreshment point 0.72 All ways through or over high fences or walls must be indicated. The symbol may also 0.96 Special man-made features are shown with these symbols. The definition of the The number of the control is placed close to the control point circle in such a way that The location of a refreshment point which is not at a control. 0.19 4.0 be used for a gate through or stile over a stone wall (521) or a fence (524) or a pipeline symbols must be given in each case in the map legend. 0.35 0.96 8 it does not obscure important detail.The numbers are orientated to north. 3.0 Colour: upper purple. 0.6 (534). Colour: 70 % (60 lines/cm). Colour: upper purple. 0.21 Colour: black 70 % (60 lines/cm). Font:Arial, height of letters 4 mm. 843 Dangerous object across tracks or paths, stairs These barriers must be highly visible on the map and should be overprinted in purple. 526 Building 704 Line The symbol should be used for all obstacles that are difficult to cross. For uncrossable A building is shown with its ground plan as so far as the scale permits. There should 4.6 Technical symbols Where controls are to be visited in order, the start, control points, and finish are joined 0.8 barrier, symbol 844 shall be used. This symbol can be used for stairs. There is no be no black line around buildings. The black colour is strictly restricted to areas that 0.6 2.3 min. together by straight lines. Sections of lines should be omitted to leave important detail particular stair symbol. 0.5 x 0.5 can be ridden on. Colour: black 70 % (60 lines/cm). 601 Magnetic north line showing. Colour: upper purple. Magnetic north lines are lines placed on the map pointing to magnetic north. At the Colour: lower purple. 527 Settlement scale of 1:5000,1: 7500 and 1:10 000 the spacing of north lines on the map should be 844 Uncrossable barrier / forbidden to cross 0.18 9 Houses and gardens and other built up areas. Roads, buildings and other significant 30 mm, while at the scale of 1:15 000 and 1:20 000 the spacing on the map should be 705 Marked route This symbol can be used for all spots that are forbidden or impossible to pass, e.g. 20 mm. North lines may be broken where they obscure small features such as Amarked route is shown on the map with a dashed line. If the symbol is used instead uncrossable barriers; fences or walls that are forbidden or impossible to cross; short 100% 50% features within a settlement must be shown. Colour: green 50 % (60 lines/cm) and yellow 100 %. boulders, cliffs, stream junctions, and path ends. of symbol 704 before or after a control, it represents an obligatory route for the sections of roads, tracks or paths that are forbidden to use (for longer sections, YELLOW GREEN 2.0 Colour: blue. competitors. The symbol can also be used in areas where off-track riding is forbidden symbol 711 shall be used). In spots where two tracks or paths almost meet, but the 2.5 529 Paved area 0.6 to represent allowed routes that are marked in the terrain. 0.52 situation is not obvious on the map, this symbol can be used to indicate that crossing 602 Registration marks 0.5 An area of hard standing used for parking or other purposes. Riding on paved areas is min. 0.1 Colour: upper purple. is forbidden. 4 mm At least three registration marks must be placed within the frame of a map in a non- normally allowed. If not, the symbol 709 (out-of-bounds area) shall be used as an Colour: upper purple. 0.12 symmetrical position. In addition, a colour check should also be possible. 0.5 ø 5.0 50% overprint. 706 Finish Colour: all printed colours. ø 7.0 Colour: black (70 %) and brown (50 %). The finish is shown by two concentric circles. ø 0.3 603 Spot height Colour: upper purple. 531 Firing range 321 1.5 2.4 A firing range is shown with a special symbol to indicate the need for caution. Spot heights are used for the rough assessment of height differences. The height is given to the nearest metre. The figures are orientated to the north. Water levels are 707 Uncrossable boundary 1 7. 0. 24 Associated buildings are individually marked. 54 Colour: black 70 % (60 lines/cm). given without the dot. 0.8 Aboundary which it is not permitted to cross. 0.3 Colour: upper purple. 532 Grave Adistinct grave marked by a stone or shrine. Location is at the centre of gravity of the 708 Crossing point 0 84. symbol, which is orientated to north. A cemetery is shown by using grave symbols as Acrossing point through or over a wall or fence, or across a road or railway, or through 0.36 4.7 Overprinting symbols 0.6 1.2 0.19 space permits. a tunnel or an out-of-bounds area is drawn on the map with two lines curving Colour: black 70 % (60 lines/cm). 3.0 outwards. 701 Start Colour: upper purple. 0.72 534 Uncrossable pipeline The start or map issue point (if not at the start) is shown by an equilateral triangle 0.17 0.6 Apipeline which cannot be crossed. If an uncrossable pipeline is forbidden to cross, it 7.0 0.6 0.21 which points in the direction of the first control. The centre of the triangle shows the 0.25 0.6 709 Out-of-bounds area shall be marked with the symbol 707 (uncrossable boundary) precise position of the start point. 45º 3.0 Colour: black 70 % (60 lines/cm). An out-of-bounds area is shown with vertical stripes. A bounding line may be drawn. Colour: upper purple. The areas which may be dangerous to competitors shall be presented by this symbol. 535 High tower 0.6 0.25 Colour: upper purple. 0.36 A high tower or large pylon, standing above the level of the surrounding forest. 702 Control point The control points are shown with circles. The centre of the circle shows the precise 0.19 Location is at the centre of gravity of the symbol. 711 Forbidden route ø 0.96 Colour: black 70 % (60 lines/cm). 1 position of the feature. Sections of circles should be omitted to leave important detail A route which is out-of-bounds and forbidden to cross is shown with a zigzag. The showing. 0.6 zigzag line should be as continuous as possible. If there is a crossing point over the 536 Small tower Colour: lower purple. forbidden route, it shall be presented like a gate by two perpendicular lines over the 1.2 An obvious shooting platform or seat, or small tower. Location is at the centre of ø .55 –6.0 Diameter of control circles is the same in all scales. forbidden route.Also a longer crossing section shall be presented clearly on the map 0.6 1.2 0.19 gravity of the symbol. by using the perpendicular lines at the end of the zigzag lines. Colour: black 70 % (60 lines/cm). 840 Control point with focus point (in MTBO maps) Colour: upper purple. The focus point (i.e. the point in the centre of a control circle) can be used when it is 538 Fodder rack ø 0.6 necessary to clarify the exact position of a control for instance in a dense track A fodder rack which is free standing or built on to a tree. Location is at the centre of 712 First aid post 1.2 network. The focus point shall be used in case of necessity when the exact position of gravity of the symbol. For land access reasons these may be omitted. 3.0 1.0 The location of a first aid post. a control is not clear. A focus point helps to specify the exact track where a control is 1.2 60º 0.19 Colour: 70 % (60 lines/cm). Colour: upper purple. situated. Colour: lower purple (circle), upper purple (focus point). 12 13 14 15 Appendix 1
703 Control number 3.0 713 Refreshment point 839Area where off-track riding is allowed and possible, Ridable area 4.0 The number of the control is placed close to the control point circle in such a way that The location of a refreshment point which is not at a control. In terrain where competitors normally only are allowed to ride on roads and tracks, the symbol is used for areas 0.35 8 it does not obscure important detail.The numbers are orientated to north. 3.0 Colour: upper purple. where riding is exceptionally permitted off tracks. The symbol can also be used for areas with such a dense track Colour: upper purple. network that it is not possible to show all the tracks. Font:Arial, height of letters 4 mm. 843 Dangerous object across tracks or paths, stairs These barriers must be highly visible on the map and should be overprinted in purple. Testing ridable area symbols 704 Line The symbol should be used for all obstacles that are difficult to cross. For uncrossable This version of ISMTBOM does not include a symbol for ridable area. No perfect solution has been found and Where controls are to be visited in order, the start, control points, and finish are joined 0.8 barrier, symbol 844 shall be used. This symbol can be used for stairs. There is no testing the symbol is needed before including it in the Map specifications. 0.6 2.3 together by straight lines. Sections of lines should be omitted to leave important detail particular stair symbol. Organisers who need the ridable area symbol are encouraged to try out one or more of the following examples of showing. Colour: upper purple. ridable area. Based on experience and feedback, the IOF MTBO and Map Commissions will decide in 2012 Colour: lower purple. whether to include the symbol in the Map specifications. 9 844 Uncrossable barrier / forbidden to cross 705 Marked route This symbol can be used for all spots that are forbidden or impossible to pass, e.g. RidableArea 1 - Black dots Amarked route is shown on the map with a dashed line. If the symbol is used instead uncrossable barriers; fences or walls that are forbidden or impossible to cross; short 2.0 of symbol 704 before or after a control, it represents an obligatory route for the sections of roads, tracks or paths that are forbidden to use (for longer sections, Advantages: Black is the colour competitors recognise as competitors. The symbol can also be used in areas where off-track riding is forbidden symbol 711 shall be used). In spots where two tracks or paths almost meet, but the legal to ride on because all tracks are black. Can be used both 2.5 0.6 to represent allowed routes that are marked in the terrain. 0.52 situation is not obvious on the map, this symbol can be used to indicate that crossing for Open forest and Open land. 0.5 Colour: upper purple. is forbidden. Disadvantages: Black dots can be mistaken as Cultivated 0.5 ø 5.0 Colour: upper purple. 706 Finish Land, although the symbol is no longer part of the MTBO map ø 7.0 The finish is shown by two concentric circles. standards. Colour: upper purple. Could also be mistaken for Stony Ground which is 70 % black. Narrow ridable areas are hard to map with dots, but could be 707 Uncrossable boundary mapped using a track symbol instead. 0.8 Aboundary which it is not permitted to cross. RidableArea 2 - Orange colour Colour: upper purple. Advantages: Distinguishable colour. Details can easily be 708 Crossing point read underneath. 0.6 Acrossing point through or over a wall or fence, or across a road or railway, or through a tunnel or an out-of-bounds area is drawn on the map with two lines curving Disadvantages: New colour is added. Riders may expect 3.0 outwards. orange to be similar to Open Land. Colour: upper purple.
0.25 0.6 709 Out-of-bounds area RidableArea 3 - Black pattern An out-of-bounds area is shown with vertical stripes. A bounding line may be drawn. The areas which may be dangerous to competitors shall be presented by this symbol. Advantages: Easy to see. Black is recognised as legal to ride 0.25 Colour: upper purple. on. 711 Forbidden route Disadvantages: Details cannot be read underneath the A route which is out-of-bounds and forbidden to cross is shown with a zigzag. The pattern. zigzag line should be as continuous as possible. If there is a crossing point over the Could be mistaken as dense network of perpendicular tracks. forbidden route, it shall be presented like a gate by two perpendicular lines over the forbidden route.Also a longer crossing section shall be presented clearly on the map 0.6 RidableArea 4 -Yellow 100 % by using the perpendicular lines at the end of the zigzag lines. Colour: upper purple. Advantages: Details are easy to read underneath. Already in use inAustralia with success. 712 First aid post 3.0 1.0 The location of a first aid post. Disadvantages: Riders expect to see Open land when 100 % Colour: upper purple. yellow is used.This can be confusing in areas with trees.
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