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Embodiment of the Urban. Relational Space in the Context of the Megacity of Guangzhou, China

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Embodiment of the Urban. Relational Space in the Context of the Megacity of Guangzhou, China ! Embodiment of the urban. Relational space in the context of the megacity of Guangzhou, China Vorgelegt von Dipl.-Ing. Josefine Ørum Fokdal Fakultät VI - Planen Bauen Umwelt der Technischen Universität Berlin zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Ingenieurwissenschaften Dr.-Ing. genehmigte Dissertation Promotionsausschuss: Vorsitzende: Prof. Dr. Angela Uttke Berichter: Prof. Dr. Peter Herrle Berichter: Prof. Dr. Arijit Sen Tag der wissenschaftlichen Aussprache: 15. Mai 2014 Berlin 2104 D 83 ! i Acknowledgments My thanks goes to both of my supervisors Prof. Peter HERRLE and Prof. Arijit SEN for their support, guidance and supervision of my Ph.D.; my thanks also goes to Prof. CAI Yongjie for inspiring discussions as well as to Prof. Detlev IPSEN for his stubbornness, which led to many revealing discussions. In addition, I want to thank all my colleagues at the Habitat Unit, especially Dr. Astrid LEY for her support throughout the process. Furthermore, I owe a great thanks to the people who helped translate and transcribe, especially CHAO Yi, for helping me gain access to the families and to CHENG ZiYing for her research and translations of Chinese literature, as well as to Sam SOLOMAN and Jessica WEISS for proofreading, LIN Xiaoli for her research and Isabelle ARNOLD for fruitful discussions. A great thanks also goes to all the interviewees for taking part in the research and especially to the families for inviting me to their homes and letting me stay with them. I am thankful to the DAAD for financially supporting my field stays in Guangzhou and for allowing fruitful discussion with other scholars through academic exchanges. Further, I am thankful for the Scholarship Promotionsabschluss Stipendium (PAS) awarded by Berlin University of Technology, without which I would not have been able to finish this work. Most thanks I owe my family and friends for their endless support! ! ii List of abbreviations APC Agriculture Producer Cooperative APRS Agriculture Producer Responsibility System BRT Bus Rapid Transport CBD Central Business District CCCP Central Committee of the Communist Party CPC The Communist Party of China GDP Gross Domestic Product GFA Gross Floor Area GLA Gross Leasable Area HPF Housing Provident Fund HFM Housing Fund Management HSS Housing Subsidy Scheme KMT Kuomintang KTV Karaoke Television MLR Ministry of Land and Resources MoHURD Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development NPC National People’s Congress PRC People’s Republic of China PRD Pearl River Delta RHSSR Rent Houses Streering System Reform RMB Renminbi SEZ Special Economic Zone UN United Nations WTO World Trade Organization ! iii List of figures FIGURE 1: OVERVIEW OF THE WORK FIGURE 2: OVERVIEW OF THE DISCOURSES AND THEIR INTERRELATION !""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!#! FIGURE 3: DIFFERENT TYPES OF PLACES WITHIN THE CHINESE CONTEXT.. !"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!$%! FIGURE 4: OVERVIEW OF THE DISCOURSE AND THE SUGGESTED PARAMETERS FOR THE CHINESE CONTEXT !""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!$&! FIGURE 5: FROM THE DISCOURSES TO A FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYZING THE EMBODIMENT OF THE URBAN AND THUS !""""""""""""!'(! SOCIAL SPACE IN THE CONTEXT OF CHINA. FIGURE 6: A) CLASSICAL CITY LAYOUT ACCORDING TO THE HIERARCHY BETWEEN HEAVEN AND EARTH. B) !""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!#$! SIMPLIFIED MAP OF CHANG’AN, CAPITAL OF TANG DYNASTY.. FIGURE 7: PEARL RIVER DELTA AND THE BUILT-UP AREA IN 2000. !"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!)$! FIGURE 8: PEARL RIVER DELTA AND THE BUILT-UP AREA IN 2007. !"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!&%! FIGURE 9: A) LOCATION OF GUANGDONG PROVINCE IN CHINA. B) LOCATION OF GUANGZHOU CITY IN !"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!&*! GUANGDONG PROVINCE. C) GUANZHOU CITY AND ITS DISTRICTS.. FIGURE 10: ILLUSTRATION OF THE DIFFERENT ADMINISTRATIVE LEVELS (LEFT) AND OF PLANNING BUREAUS !""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!&(! (RIGHT) ON DIFFERENT LEVELS FIGURE 11: SOCIO-SPATIAL ORDER WITHIN THE HOUSEHOLD LEVEL AS DESCRIBED IN ‘THE STORY OF THE STONE’ !""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!%+$! FIGURE 12: IMAGES OF HAKKA BUILDINGS – FUJIAN PROVINCE: A) ENSEMBLE OF HAKKA BUILDINGS, B) INNER !""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!%+)! COURTYARD WITH ANCESTRAL HALL, C) ‘COURTYARD’ BETWEEN THE KITCHENS AND THE PIG STYS. GROUND FLOOR OF HAKKA BUILDING.. FIGURE 13: HOUSING TRENDS IN PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA. !"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!%+)! FIGURE 14: FLOOR SPACE OF BUILDINGS IN URBAN DISTRICTS IN GUANGZHOU.. !""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!%%$! FIGURE 15: INVESTMENT IN BUILDINGS/RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN GENERAL IN GUANGZHOU AND IN URBAN !""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!%%,! DISTRICTS IN GUANGZHOU. FIGURE 16: LOCATION OF THE THREE HOUSING TYPES SURVEYED.. !"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!%%'! FIGURE 17: GUANGZHOU CUSTOM, FORMER DANWEI AS SURVEYED. !""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!%%(! FIGURE 18: A) VIEW DOWN ON THE GREEN AREA WITHIN THE FORMER DANWEI AREA. B) THE ENTRANCE GATE OF !""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!%%&! THE FORMER DANWEI AS SURVEYED. FIGURE 19: GATED COMMUNITY ‘BAO LI GARDEN’ AS SURVEYED. !""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!%*+! FIGURE 20: A) VIEW OVER ‘BAO LI GARDEN’ TOWARDS THE RIVER. B) PART OF THE GREEN AREA BETWEEN THE !"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!%*%! BUILDINGS.. FIGURE 21: A) TYPICAL HOUSING SITUATION IN THE ‘URBAN VILLAGE’ CHEN TIAN. B) NARROW ALLEY BETWEEN !""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!%**! THE RESIDENTITAL BUILDINGS. FIGURE 22: ‘URBAN VILLAGE’ AS SURVEYED. !""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!%*,! FIGURE 23: DIAGRAMS OF SIMPLIFIED SPATIAL LAYOUT OF GATED COMMUNITIES (I.E. RESIDENTIAL AREAS), !""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!%*,! FORMER DANWEIS AND ‘URBAN VILLAGES’. FIGURE 24: TYPICAL PATTERNS OF MENTAL MAPS. !""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!%*'! FIGURE 25: MENTAL MAP DRAWN BY AN INTERVIEWEE LIVING IN A FORMER DANWEI. !"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!%*&! !""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!%$%! ! iv FIGURE 26: (A) VIEW ACROSS THE STREET SEPARATING TWO GATED AREAS WITHIN THE SAME FORMER DANWEI. (B) THE GARDEN WITHIN THE GUARDED AREA IN WHICH THE INTERVIEWEE LIVES. (C) THE ACTUAL GUARD AND GATE TO ENTER THE LIVING AREA FROM THE STREET. FIGURE 27: MENTAL MAP DRAWN BY ONE OF THE INTERVIEWEES LIVING IN THE GATED COMMUNITY ‘BAO LI !"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!%$*! GARDEN’ IN HAIZHU DISTRICT. FIGURE 28: (A) SHOWS THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE BUILDING AND THE GATE DIVIDING THE INSIDE OF THE AREA !""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!%$'! FROM THE STREET. (B) ILLUSTRATES THE ENTRANCE TO ONE OF THE BUILDINGS IN THE GATED COMMUNITY. (C) THE DOOR BETWEEN THE HALLWAY AND THE ENTRANCE DOOR TO THE ACTUAL APARTMENT. FIGURE 29: MENTAL MAP OF INTERVIEWEE IN THE ‘URBAN VILLAGE’ OF CHEN TIAN IN BAIYUN DISTRICT, !""""""""""""""!%$#! GUANGZHOU. FIGURE 30: MENTAL MAP OF INTERVIEWEE IN THE ‘URBAN VILLAGE’ OF CHEN TIAN IN BAIYUN DISTRICT, !"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!%$&! GUANGZHOU. FIGURE 31: COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT ZONES IN RELATION TO THE SPATIAL QUALITIES AND THE BOUNDARIES. A) !"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!%,+! THE TYPICAL ZONES WITHIN A GATED COMMUNITY AS SURVED. B) THE SOCIO-SPATIAL ORDERING PRINCIPLES C) THE RELEVANT SPATIAL DEFINITIONS FIGURE 32: DIFFERENT THICKNESS OF THE BOUNDARIES IN RELATION TO THE ZONES. SOURCE: OWN DESIGN. !""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!%,$!
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