Linguo-Stylistic Analysis of English Translations of One Poem by Galaktion Tabidze I

NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN No: 2581 - 4230 VOLUME 7, ISSUE 1, Jan. -2021 LINGUO-STYLISTIC ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS OF ONE POEM BY GALAKTION TABIDZE I. RCHEULISHVILI

ABSTRACT: of the poems? Did the translator realize the The article deals with the linguo- poems and manage to maintain their charm in stylistic analysis of English translations of the translations? ∞Ø•≠ ò3ÆØ∑ó ¢π '°¨°´¥©ØÆ 4°¢©§∫•ä The Galaktion's artistic thinking and its translations are made by three different intricate, unexpected tropes have always translators. It was important for us to find out attracted the attention of researchers. It is a very if the translators were able to understand difficult task to move artistic faces and metaphors Galaktioni's poetry and translate it into in translation [1]. In case of Galaktioni, the English, maintaining the musicality of the translator must have been as bold as was the poet poem, the euphony of the sounds and the himself. tropes that stand out with great originality in Professor Innes Merabishvili in her book the poem we have mentioned. The research ò,©Æßµ©≥¥©£≥ Ø¶ ∞Ø•¥©£ ¥≤°Æ≥¨°¥©ØÆó quotes Henri revealed that the translations of the poem by -°≤•ï≥ Ø∞©Æ©ØÆ ØÆ ¥®• ¥≤°Æ≥¨ation of poetry, which two foreign translators lack artistry and are a sounds °≥ ¶Ø¨¨Ø∑≥ã ò)¥ï≥ ¨©´• ∞µ¥¥©Æß ¥®• ≠ØØÆ ©Æ¥Ø bit dry, that is because at the time of ° ∂°≥•óä )¥ ©≥ ®°≤§ for us to imagine poems like translating the poem, they still did not know ò"¨µ• (Ø≤≥•≥óá ò-¥°¥≥≠©Æ§° -ØØÆó °Æ§ •¥£ä in the Georgian language thoroughly. another language, however their translations do Translation made by famous Georgian exist and we have to study, analyze and evaluate translator Innes Merabishvili has to be them. We agree to I. Merabishvili that translation recognized as an irreplaceable example of is not only an artistic performance, but also a artistic translation. philological research as well [2]. Compared to English language, Georgian KEY WORDS: Galaktioni, translations, poem, language is very flexible and laconic. Therefore, comparison, poetry the composition of Georgian and English poems is radically different from each other. For this INTRODUCTION: reason, a translator needs a whole construction to Galaktion Tabidze is considered to be the express the main idea and as a result the lines of poet of the future in Georgian literary criticism, the poem become longer and the form of the because it is believed that many secrets in the original poem changes. depths of his poetry are still uncovered. It is generally believed that Georgian BASIC IDEA: literature, each of its epochs, is a problem for a 7• £®Ø≥• ¥®• ∞Ø•≠ ò3ÆØ∑ó ¢π '°¨°´¥©ØÆi as a translator. The question of studying the English material for analyzing and its English translations translations of Galaktioniï≥ ∞Ø•¥≤π ≥®Øµ¨§ ¢• made by three different translators. The posed as follows: To what extent did the translations are made by two foreign translators translations reflect the deep philosophical nature Donald Rayfield and Christopher Michael and by 54 | P a g e

NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN No: 2581 - 4230 VOLUME 7, ISSUE 1, Jan. -2021 Georgian famous translator, Professor Innes Untouched, as it blankets the river. Merabishvili. It was important for us to find out if My mad love will undergo every woe, the translators were able to understand Every wet frigid grief will endure. Galaktioni's poetry and translate it into English, did they maintain the musicality of the poem, the Translator Innes Merabishvili euphony of the sounds and most importantly, did ,,I am fond of flakes of violet snow they maintain the tropes that stand out with great Like virgins falling from the bridge, originality in the poem we have mentioned. A doleful touch of wetness cold While discussing the translations of the 4Ø ¢•°≤ ¥®• ∞°©Æ≥ Ø¶ ,Ø∂• ©Æ ≠•óä poem, we used contrast analysis of the original The meaning is retained in the translation and the translations as a research method. by Rayfield, thought the charm and mysticism 4®• ∞Ø•≠ ò3ÆØ∑ó ©≥ ØÆ• Ø¶ ¥®• ≠Ø≥¥ characteristic to Galaktioni that accompanies distinguished poems in the poetry of Galaktioni, these lines seems to have disappeared. (ò¥®• in terms of the relation of reality and dream ∂©Ø¨•¥ ∂©≤ß©Æó ä )¥ ≥••≠≥ ¥®°¥ ¥®• ¥≤°Æ≥¨°¥Ø≤ ¥≤•°¥≥ described in it. The poem contains amazing the lines tenderly, but in the meantime, he loses similes, alliterations, etc.; Given these the artistic background and impression. This may characteristics, it is interesting to see how it is be to blame for the lack of knowledge of the translated into English. The translator must take language by the translator. the right path from the very beginning and The translation by Christopher Michael is express the composition of one language with the even far from the original. Though the translator corresponding expression of another language, tries to maintain the number of stanzas and lines, which implies aesthetic and intellectual harmony. the rhythm and intonation are lost and sometimes If we Ø¢≥•≤∂• $ØÆ°¨§ 2°π¶©•¨§ï≥ the meaning of the words are altered. translation, we will see how he tries to translate ò5Æ¥Øµ£®•§á °≥ ©¥ ¢¨°Æ´•¥≥ ¥®• ≤©∂•≤ó - the word into a language understandable to foreigners. The ò6©≤ß©Æó ©≥ £®°Æß•§ ∑©¥® ¥®• ∑Ø≤§ òµÆ¥Øµ£®•§ó ä number of stanzas and lines coincides with the Innes Merabishvili maintains the number original - 40 lines, 10 stanzas. of stanzas and lines. She does not break the ,,³¬ Ã²°¬¸ ³°¿•¨¸¹ °°¹¼¬¸ ¯µ•²°¹ rhythm, the musicality and offers the most ½¨²Ä»²¬©°•°¯ Æ°«°«¨´ ¼¬´¨: tasteful tropes for expressing feelings of the ³Ä»Æ¨¸¬ ª¸Ã´µ©¨ Â°•° ¹°¹µ•²°¹ original. ,, ! : «¨ ¹°¿•¨¸»²°¹ ¨¹¬ ³µ¯³¬´¨òä Ã•°¸¼¨¹µ ¹»²° ³¬•¹¬©¨ ¯µ•²°¯ «¾¬¬©° ¸©°¨´ «¨ ³¬ •©¬¸«¬©°! Translator Donald Rayfield: Á¬³¹ ¹¨³Àµ©²µÀ° ³¬ ³µ••²¬ ³Æµ²µ« ÷I deeply love the violet virgin »«¨©´µ ²»¸Ç¨« ´¨Æ¨•¬¸«¬©°òä Spread of snow away from the bridge, The sad wet coldness that I feel surging Translator Donald Rayfield: )Æ ∞°¥©•Æ¥ ¨Ø∂•ï≥ •Æ§µ≤©Æß ≥∞©≤©¥ä ò$°≤¨©Æßè -π ≥Øµ¨ ©≥ ¶©¨¨©Æß ∑©¥® ≥ÆØ∑ä The days flit past and I age too. Translator - Christopher Michael: All I have done is explore alone I am vicious with love for the indigo snow My country ° ∂•¨∂•¥ §•≥•≤¥ Ø¶ ¢¨µ•óä

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NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN No: 2581 - 4230 VOLUME 7, ISSUE 1, Jan. -2021 And this is the life that I know, Translator - Christopher Michael: Yet I will remember forever the skin ò-π §°≤¨©Æßá ≠π ≥Øµ¨ ©≥ ° ¢Ø¥¥¨• Ø¶ ≥ÆØ∑ã /¶ πØµ≤ ∞°¨• ®°Æ§≥ •≠¢•§§•§ ©Æ ≥ÆØ∑óä I grow old, and the days faster flee. I have traveled my homeland only to know Translator Innes Merabishvili: )¥ ∑®•Æ ©¥ ∑°≥ ° ∂•¨∂•¥ ¢¨µ• ≥•°äó ò4®©≥ ©≥ ≠π ¨©¶•ã )ï≠ ÆØ¥ °¥ Ø§§≥ With friendly January at all, Translator Innes Merabishvili: But I shall ever have in thoughts ò-π ≥Øµ¨ ©≥á §°≤¨©Æßá ¶©¨¨•§ ∑©¥® ≥ÆØ∑ã 9Øµ≤ ®°Æ§≥ä 9Øµ≤ ®°Æ§≥á °≥ ∞°¨• °≥ ≥ÆØ∑óä )ï≠ ß•¥¥©Æß Ø¨§á ≠π §°π≥ ≤µÆ ¶°≥¥è /¢≥•≤∂©Æß 2°π¶©•¨§ï≥ ¥≤°Æ≥¨°¥©ØÆ ≠°´•≥ µ≥ The land I paced in native home think that he is doing word for word translation ! §•≥•≤¥ ¢¨µ• ∑©¥® ∂•¨∂•¥ ∞°¥®≥äó and does not deeply understand what the poet The content in Rayfield's translation is has to say. The translator is obviously trying to retained, though the translation still causes the maintain the tropes, though it is clear that he is reader to feel dissatisfied; for the main thing in less familiar with the emotions and depths Galaktioni's poems is not only the context, but characteristic of Georgian poetry. also the emotion and feeling that the translation Christopher Michael distanced himself lacks. ò!¨¨ ) ®°∂• §ØÆ• ©≥ •∏∞¨Ø≤• °¨ØÆ•ó - such from the main idea of the original and offered us kind of word change loses the charm of the ®©≥ Ø∑Æ ©Æ¥•≤∞≤•¥°¥©ØÆä ò) °≠ ∑©Æ¥•≤ï≥ ´©Æó - ,,I am original. a relative of the winteròä Christopher Michae¨ï≥ translation is too far Innes Merabishvili's translation is from the idea expressed in the original ò° ∂•¨∂•¥ considered as an example of how to translate ¢¨µ• ≥•°óá ò≠π ≥Øµ¨ ©≥ ° ¢Ø¥¥¨• Ø¶ ≥ÆØ∑ó). Georgian poetry so as not to lose the rhythm of )ÆÆ•≥ -•≤°¢©≥®∂©¨©ï≥ translation conveys the verse, intonation, intellectual accuracy and the rhythm and intonation of the original. She most importantly, artistry. The translator chooses knows the content of the original well and finds the words very carefully and gives them new the best English match for each word. artistic meanings as well. Therefore, we consider ,,µÈ! ¨¹¬¯°¨ Á¬³° ÂÆµ•¸¬©¨: her translation to be a sample of translation that °¨´•¨¸¹ ³µÃ³¬« ¨¸ •¬Ã´¬²¬©°, is closest to the original, very concise and at the ³¨ª¸¨³ ³¬ ³»«¨³ ³¬³¨Æ¹µ•¸¬©¨ same time graphic. When studying the translations, we took À¬´° ¯µ•²°•°¯ ³±¸¯¨²° Æ¬²¬©°ò. the English language system into account, which

cannot fully convey all the features of Translator Donald Rayfield: Galaktionian verse. According to the theory of ò!¨°≥è -π ¨©¶• ¢•ß©Æ≥ °Æ§ •Æ§≥ ¥®•≤•ã translation, it is impossible to make a complete January and I are on good terms translation from one language to another, But eternally I shall remember, because the means of expression of different !≥ ∑®©¥• °≥ ≥ÆØ∑á πØµ≤ ∞°¨¨©§ °≤≠≥óä languages differ from each other. Therefore,

•∂•≤π¥®©Æß §•∞•Æ§≥ ØÆ ° ¥≤°Æ≥¨°¥Ø≤ï≥ ∂©≥©ØÆ Ø¶ Translator - Christopher Michael: how he/she perceives this or that subject or ò"µ¥ ) °≠ ÆØ¥ ¥≤Øµ¢¨•§ä ) °≠ ∑©Æ¥•≤ï≥ ´©Æ event. Translations allow the reader to perceive 56 | P a g e

NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN No: 2581 - 4230 VOLUME 7, ISSUE 1, Jan. -2021 the content of the original partially. After observing the analytical material, we came to the conclusion that only a creative translation allows us to objectively convey the meaning of the original. The translator may be subjective in this case, but he/she must try to give the translation a form that neither deviates from the original nor is too coherent. Nowadays, the creative reflection of the original is considered to be the right way of translation. The translators we have mentioned have a different approach to this method. The lack of artistry of the translations by Rayfield and Michael should be attributed to their lack of knowledge of Georgian language. The translator must be fluent in both the language from which he is translating and the language in which he is translating. It seems that at the time of translating the poem, they still did not know the Georgian language thoroughly. Innes Merabishvili's translation is undoubtedly an irreplaceable example of artistic translation.

REFERENCES: 1) Kveselava, 1977: Kveselava, M. Poetic integrals, Tbilisi, 1977. 2) Merabishvili, 2005: Merabishvili, I. Linguistics of Poetic Translation, Tbilisi, 2005. 3) Tabidze, 1998: Tabidze, G. Favorite poems, Tbilisi, 2012.

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