DOCSLIB.ORG

Fundamentals of Immigration Law

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Fundamentals of Immigration Law FUNDAMENTALS OF IMMIGRATION LAW by Charles A. Wiegand, III Former Immigration Judge, Oakdale, Louisiana Revised February 2016 Sarah Cade, Staff Attorney, Board of Immigration Appeals Judith Pond, Attorney Advisor, OCIJ Vanessa Woodman de Lazo, Attorney Advisor, OCIJ TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Admission ...................................................................................................................... 7 A. Applicants for admission ........................................................................................................7 B. Admission or admitted ...........................................................................................................7 C. Parole and crewmen ..............................................................................................................8 D. History lesson ........................................................................................................................8 E. Lawful permanent residents ...................................................................................................8 II. Inspection and credible fear review ................................................................................ 9 A. Inspection ..............................................................................................................................9 B. Withdrawal of application for admission .............................................................................. 10 C. Summary removal ................................................................................................................ 10 D. Stowaways .......................................................................................................................... 10 E. Credible Fear Interview ........................................................................................................ 10 F. Inspection of other aliens ..................................................................................................... 11 G. Removal of aliens inadmissible on security and related grounds ........................................... 11 III. Bond and Custody under IIRIRA .................................................................................... 12 A. Background ......................................................................................................................... 12 B. Arriving aliens ...................................................................................................................... 12 C. Detention of criminal aliens ................................................................................................. 12 D. Detention of aliens certified as terrorists - Section 236A of the Act........................................ 15 E. Aliens subject to expedited removal ..................................................................................... 16 F. All other, non-criminal, non-terrorist, aliens ......................................................................... 17 G. Procedure in bond proceedings ............................................................................................ 19 H. Requests for additional or subsequent bond redeterminations ............................................. 20 I. Appeals of bond decisions .................................................................................................... 21 IV. Grounds of inadmissibility in removal proceedings .................................................... 21 A. Health-related grounds - Section 212(a)(1) of the Act ............................................................ 21 B. Crime involving moral turpitude (“CIMT”) ............................................................................. 22 C. Controlled substance offenses .............................................................................................. 22 D. Multiple criminal convictions ............................................................................................... 22 E. Trafficking in controlled substances ...................................................................................... 23 F. Prostitution ......................................................................................................................... 24 G. Procurers & importers of prostitutes .................................................................................... 24 Fundamentals of Immigration Law i H. Commercialized vice ............................................................................................................ 24 I. Aliens who asserted immunity from prosecution - Section 212(a)(2)(E) ................................. 25 J. Espionage or sabotage ......................................................................................................... 25 K. Any unlawful activity ........................................................................................................... 26 L. Overthrow of the Government of the U.S. ............................................................................ 26 M. Terrorist activities ................................................................................................................ 26 N. Adverse effects on foreign policy .......................................................................................... 30 O. Communist or totalitarian party membership ....................................................................... 30 P. Nazi persecution .................................................................................................................. 31 Q. Genocide or Acts of Torture or Extrajudicial Killing ................................................................ 31 R. Public Charge ....................................................................................................................... 31 S. No labor certification ........................................................................................................... 32 T. Foreign medical graduates ................................................................................................... 32 U. Uncertified foreign health-care workers ............................................................................... 33 V. Illegal entrants and immigration violators ............................................................................ 33 W. Not in possession of valid, unexpired documents .................................................................. 35 X. Not in possession of valid entry documents, such as visa ...................................................... 35 Y. Immigrants who are permanently ineligible for citizenship - Section 212(a)(8)(A) .................. 36 Z. Draft evaders ....................................................................................................................... 36 AA. Aliens previously removed or unlawfully present .............................................................. 36 BB. Polygamists ..................................................................................................................... 39 CC. Guardian required to accompany helpless alien ................................................................ 39 DD. International child abductors ........................................................................................... 40 EE. Unlawful voters ............................................................................................................... 40 FF. Former citizens who renounced citizenship to avoid taxation ............................................ 40 V. Grounds of deportability in removal proceedings .......................................................... 40 A. Inadmissible at time of entry or adjustment of status ........................................................... 40 B. Present in violation of law .................................................................................................... 41 C. Violated nonimmigrant status .............................................................................................. 41 D. Violators of conditions of entry ............................................................................................ 41 E. Termination of conditional permanent residence .................................................................. 41 F. Alien smuggling ................................................................................................................... 41 G. Marriage fraud ..................................................................................................................... 42 H. CIMT w/in 5 years of admission ............................................................................................ 42 Fundamentals of Immigration Law ii I. Two CIMTs ........................................................................................................................... 44 J. Convicted of an aggravated felony ........................................................................................ 45 K. Convicted of high speed flight .............................................................................................. 46 L. Failure to register as a sex offender ...................................................................................... 46 M. Controlled substance conviction ........................................................................................... 46 N. Drug abusers and addicts ....................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • IMMIGRATION LAW BASICS How Does the United States Immigration System Work?
    IMMIGRATION LAW BASICS How does the United States immigration system work? Multiple agencies are responsible for the execution of immigration laws. o The Immigration and Naturalization Service (“INS”) was abolished in 2003. o Department of Homeland Security . USCIS . CBP . ICE . Attorney General’s role o Department of Justice . EOIR . Attorney General’s role o Department of State . Consulates . Secretary of State’s role o Department of Labor . Employment‐related immigration Our laws, while historically pro‐immigration, have become increasingly restrictive and punitive with respect to noncitizens – even those with lawful status. ‐ Pro‐immigration history of our country o First 100 Years: 1776‐1875 ‐ Open door policy. o Act to Encourage Immigration of 1864 ‐ Made employment contracts binding in an effort to recruit foreign labor to work in factories during the Civil War. As some states sought to restrict immigration, the Supreme Court declared state laws regulating immigration unconstitutional. ‐ Some early immigration restrictions included: o Act of March 3, 1875: excluded convicts and prostitutes o Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882: excluded persons from China (repealed in 1943) o Immigration Act of 1891: Established the Bureau of Immigration. Provided for medical and general inspection, and excluded people based on contagious diseases, crimes involving moral turpitude and status as a pauper or polygamist ‐ More big changes to the laws in the early to mid 20th century: o 1903 Amendments: excluded epileptics, insane persons, professional beggars, and anarchists. o Immigration Act of 1907: excluded feeble minded persons, unaccompanied children, people with TB, mental or physical defect that might affect their ability to earn a living.
    [Show full text]
  • Primer on Criminal-Immigration and Enforcement Provisions of USCA
    U.S. Citizenship Act of 2021: A Brief Primer on the Criminal-Immigration and Enforcement Provisions1 I. Introduction This primer covers the key criminal-immigration and enforcement provisions of the USCA. The US Citizenship Act of 2021 (USCA, also referred to as the “Biden bill”) is an immigration bill introduced in the House on February 18, 20212 that would create a pathway to citizenship for undocumented people living in the United States who entered on or before January 1, 2021. TPS holders, farmworkers, and people who have DACA or who were eligible for status under the Dream Act would be eligible to become lawful permanent residents immediately. Other undocumented people could apply for a new form of lawful status called “Lawful Provisional Immigrant” (LPI) status. After five years as LPIs, they could then apply to become lawful permanent residents. The bill would also recapture unused visas dating from 1992; make spouses, children, and parents of lawful permanent residents “immediate relatives” (who are immediately eligible for visas and who do not count toward the cap); make anyone waiting more than 10 years immediately eligible for a visa; and increase the per-country limit from 7% to 20% to decrease backlogs. The USCA imposes new criminal bars to eligibility for the legalization program, on top of the already existing inadmissibility bars in current immigration law. It also encourages the construction of a “smart wall” and adds an additional ground for prosecution and penalties under 8 U.S.C. § 1324. The USCA also includes some positive criminal-immigration reforms, including redefining the term “conviction” for immigration purposes, increasing the number of petty offense exceptions 1 Publication of the National Immigration Project of the National Lawyers Guild (NIPNLG), 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • 3.6 Criminal Bars to Naturalization ______
    Ch. 3: Criminal Grounds of Removal (Sept. 2017) 3.6 Criminal Bars to Naturalization ___________________________________________________________________ 3.6 Criminal Bars to Naturalization In addition to removal, there are other potential adverse immigration consequences of a conviction. For many noncitizens, the potential for naturalization is a big concern. Naturalization requires a showing of good moral character for a qualifying period of time, in many cases five years. See INA § 316(a)(3), 8 U.S.C. § 1427(a)(3). If an LPR client is convicted of or admits certain crimes, he or she is statutorily precluded for up to five years (or permanently in the case of an aggravated felony conviction) from demonstrating good moral character for naturalization purposes. The convictions listed below have this effect. Immigration authorities still have discretion to find that your client lacks the requisite moral character for U.S. citizenship based on other dispositions, but they do not automatically preclude your client from demonstrating good moral character. Conviction of an aggravated felony, entered on or after November 29, 1990. This makes your client permanently ineligible for citizenship, see INA § 101(f)(8), 8 U.S.C. § 1101(f)(8), and will almost certainly result in your client’s removal from the U.S. as well. See supra § 3.4A, Aggravated Felonies Generally. Conviction or admitted commission of any controlled substance offense except one offense of simple possession of 30 grams or less of marijuana if no prior drug convictions. See INA § 101(f)(3), 8 U.S.C. § 1101(f)(3). Conviction or admitted commission of a crime involving moral turpitude, except if the client does not have a prior conviction for a crime involving moral turpitude and the offense is not subject to a potential prison sentence of more than one year and does not carry an actual sentence of imprisonment, active or suspended, of more than six months.
    [Show full text]
  • Younger Lawyers Division Accepting New Members Immigration Law
    Sections and Divisions Left: At the February Happy Hour social: Members of the Section on Taxation Young Tax Lawyers Group enjoy the happy hour social. Younger Lawyers 50 attendees and was held at Carmine’s Infrastructure. The talk was moderated Division Accepting Restaurant in Washington, D.C. The guest by John Wood, attorney, Federal Aviation New Members speaker was Steven Lang, program director Administration. at the Office of Legal Access Programs and The Younger Lawyers Division is now open executive officer for Immigration Review to all members who are age 40 or younger or and U.S. Department of Justice. Section on Taxation who have been admitted less than 10 years! On Feb. 4, 2016, the Section on Taxation If you would like to join the Division, please hosted a live CLE program and webinar contact the Membership Department at Transportation and entitled: “The Research Tax Credit Under [email protected]. Transportation Section 41: Legislative Update and Guide Security Law Section to Claiming and Defending the Credit.” The program featured panelists Warren Payne, Immigration Law On Jan. 10, the Transportation and Trans- senior adviser, Mayer Brown LLP; Alex Section portation Security Law Section held the Sadler, partner, Ivins, Phillips & Barker; and On Jan. 13, the Immigration Law Section 2016 Legislative Update at U.S. Depart- Urvi Doshi Sood, director of tax planning held its monthly Immigration Leadership ment of Transportation Headquarters and senior tax counsel, Lockheed Mar- Luncheon Series. The event included over Conference Center in Washington, D.C. tin Corporation; and was moderated by 40 attendees and was held at Carmine’s Attendees heard from key Transpor- Christine Hooks of Mayer Brown LLP.
    [Show full text]
  • REINSTATEMENT of REMOVAL by Trina Realmuto 2
    PRACTICE ADVISORY 1 REINSTATEMENT OF REMOVAL by Trina Realmuto 2 April 29, 2013 “Reinstatement of removal” is a summary removal procedure pursuant to § 241(a)(5) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), 8 U.S.C. § 1231(a)(5), 8 C.F.R. § 241.8. With some statutory and judicial exceptions, discussed below, the reinstatement statute applies to noncitizens who return to the United States illegally after having been removed under a prior order of deportation, exclusion, or removal. Reinstatements generally account for more deportations than any other source.3 This practice advisory provides an overview of the reinstatement statute and implementing regulations, including how the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) issues and executes reinstatement orders. The advisory addresses who is covered by § 241(a)(5), where and how to obtain federal court and administrative review of reinstatement orders, and potential arguments to challenge reinstatement orders in federal court. Finally, the advisory includes a sample reinstatement order, a sample letter to DHS requesting a copy of the reinstatement order, a checklist for potential challenges to reinstatement orders, and an appendix of published reinstatement decisions. 1 Copyright (c) 2013, American Immigration Council and National Immigration Project of the National Lawyers Guild. Click here for information on reprinting this practice advisory. This advisory is intended for lawyers and is not a substitute for independent legal advice provided by a lawyer familiar with a client’s case. Counsel should independently confirm whether the law in their circuit has changed since the date of this advisory. 2 Trina Realmuto is a Staff Attorney with the National Immigration Project of the National Lawyers Guild.
    [Show full text]
  • The Aggravated Felony of Sexual Abuse of a Minor
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE NYLS Law Review Vols. 22-63 (1976-2019) Volume 52 Issue 3 Legal Scholarship Article 8 January 2007 When Misdemeanors are Felonies: The Aggravated Felony of Sexual Abuse of a Minor William J. Johnson New York Law School Class of 2007 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.nyls.edu/nyls_law_review Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Legal History Commons, Legal Remedies Commons, and the Legislation Commons Recommended Citation William J. Johnson, When Misdemeanors are Felonies: The Aggravated Felony of Sexual Abuse of a Minor, 52 N.Y.L. SCH. L. REV. 419 (2007-2008). This Note is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@NYLS. It has been accepted for inclusion in NYLS Law Review by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@NYLS. \\server05\productn\N\NLR\52-3\NLR310.txt unknown Seq: 3 26-FEB-08 15:48 VOLUME 52 | 2007/08 WILLIAM J. JOHNSON When Misdemeanors are Felonies: The Aggravated Felony of Sexual Abuse of a Minor ABOUT THE AUTHOR: William J. Johnson earned his J.D. from New York Law School in 2007. 419 “The only consistency that we can see in the government’s treatment of the meaning of ‘aggravated felony’ is that the alien always loses.”1 Jose Guerrero entered the United States with his parents as a lawful perma- nent resident when he was two-months-old.2 Twenty years later, he pled guilty in an Illinois state court to criminal sexual abuse for having sex with his under- age girlfriend.3 Guerrero received a misdemeanor conviction
    [Show full text]
  • SF JLC Outline
    Aggravated Felony The term aggravated felony includes, inter alia, “illicit trafficking in a controlled substance (as defined in section 802 of Title 21), including a drug trafficking crime (as defined in section 924(c) of Title 18).” INA § 101(a)(43)(B). A controlled substance offense qualifies as an aggravated felony for immigration purposes only (1) if it contains a trafficking element; or (2) if it would be punishable as a felony under federal drug laws. Salviejo-Fernandez v. Gonzales, 455 F.3d 1063, 1066 (9th Cir. 2006) (citing Cazarez-Gutierrez v. Ashcroft, 382 F.3d 905, 912 (9th Cir. 2004)). A. “Controlled Substance” as Defined in the Controlled Substances Act Section 802(6) of Title 21 defines the term “controlled substance” as a “drug or other substance, or immediate precursor” included in the schedules attached to the subchapter. See 21 U.S.C. § 802(6). The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals has recognized that “California law regulates the possession and sale of numerous substances that are not similarly regulated by the CSA [Controlled Substances Act].” Ruiz-Vidal v. Gonzales, 473 F.3d 1072, 1078 (9th Cir. 2007). For example, whereas the California drug schedules include both optical and geometrical isomers, the schedules attached to the CSA list only optical isomers. Id. B. Illicit Trafficking The general phrase “illicit trafficking” is left undefined by INA § 101(a)(43)(B). “Essential to the term . is its business or merchant nature, the trading or dealing of goods . .” Matter of Davis, 20 I&N Dec. 536, 541 (BIA 1992). Applying the “everyday understanding” of this term, the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • New York State DREAM Act Application
    Step-by-Step User Guide to completing the New York State DREAM Act Application This user guide breaks down the New York State DREAM Act eligibility application and clarifies why certain questions are asked, how to answer each question accurately, and what documentation must be provided to verify your eligibility. Table of Contents Overview of Applications ........................................................................................................................... 3 The New York State DREAM Act Eligibility Requirements .............................................................. 3 NYS DREAM Act Application ................................................................................................................... 5 Student High School Education Details .............................................................................................. 5 High School Status ............................................................................................................................. 5 High School Completion .................................................................................................................... 7 Student Citizenship and Immigration Status ...................................................................................... 8 Social Security Number (SSN) or Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN): .............................. 10 Student Information .............................................................................................................................. 10 Student
    [Show full text]
  • Identity Theft What to Do If It Happens To
    Identity Theft: What to Do if It Happens to You You apply for a credit card and get turned down because of a low credit score. Yet you know that you’ve always paid your accounts on time. A debt collector calls to demand payment on a six-month overdue account for a credit card you have never had. You receive a credit card in the mail that you’ve never applied for. What’s happening? You could be a victim of identity theft, where an imposter is using your personal information. The identity thief could use your personal information for any of the following: • They may call your credit card issuer to change the billing address on your credit card account. The imposter then runs up charges on your account. Because your bills are being sent to a different address, it may be some time before you realize there’s a problem. • They may open new credit card accounts in your name. When they use the credit cards and don’t pay the bills, the delinquent accounts are reported on your credit report. • They may establish phone or wireless service in your name. • They may open a bank account in your name and write bad checks on that account. • They may counterfeit checks or credit or debit cards, or authorize electronic transfers in your name and drain your bank account. • They may file for bankruptcy under your name to avoid paying debits they’ve incurred under you name or to avoid eviction. • They may buy a car by taking out an auto loan in your name.
    [Show full text]
  • A National Strategy to Combat Identity Theft Describes the Needs Associated with Each Component, Recommends Action, and Describes Common Practices
    U.S. Department of Justice 10000100020300409020Office of Community Oriented Policing Services 01090090109000100020 A NATIONAL STRATEGY TO 30000111101001010100COMBAT IDENTIT Y THEFT 10101010101000101010 10100010101010100101 01001010100100101010 01001001010100100100 101010111101 01001101 01001010100101110000 01000101101010001010 COPS COMMUNITY ORIENTED POLICING SERVICES 10100010101001010101U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE This project was supported by cooperative agreement #2003CKWX0343 by the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, U.S. Department of Justice. The opinions contained herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official position of the U.S. Department of Justice. References to specific companies, products, or services should not be considered an endorsement of the product by the author(s) or the U.S. Department of Justice. Rather, the references are illustrations to supplement discussion of the issues. www.cops.usdoj.gov ISBN: 1-932582-64-9 May 2006 10000100020300409020 01090090109000100020 30000111101001010100 A NATIONAL STRATEGY TO 101010101010001010COMBAT IDENTIT Y THEFT 10 10100010101010100101 01001010100100101010 01001001010100100100 101010111101 01001101 01001010100101110000 01000101101010001010 10100010101001010101 10000100020300409020Foreword 01090090109000100020 The crime of identity theft is relatively new to American law enforcement and is rapidly increasing in frequency. In 2003, Chief Darrel Stephens, Charlotte-Mecklenburg (North Carolina) Police Department, surveyed members of the
    [Show full text]
  • Alien Removals and Returns: Overview and Trends
    Alien Removals and Returns: Overview and Trends Updated February 3, 2015 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43892 Alien Removals and Returns: Overview and Trends Summary The ability to remove foreign nationals (aliens) who violate U.S. immigration law is central to the immigration enforcement system. Some lawful migrants violate the terms of their admittance, and some aliens enter the United States illegally, despite U.S. immigration laws and enforcement. In 2012, there were an estimated 11.4 million resident unauthorized aliens; estimates of other removable aliens, such as lawful permanent residents who commit crimes, are elusive. With total repatriations of over 600,000 people in FY2013—including about 440,000 formal removals—the removal and return of such aliens have become important policy issues for Congress, and key issues in recent debates about immigration reform. The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) provides broad authority to the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the Department of Justice (DOJ) to remove certain foreign nationals from the United States, including unauthorized aliens (i.e., foreign nationals who enter without inspection, aliens who enter with fraudulent documents, and aliens who enter legally but overstay the terms of their temporary visas) and lawfully present foreign nationals who commit certain acts that make them removable. Any foreign national found to be inadmissible or deportable under the grounds specified in the INA may be ordered removed. The INA describes procedures for making and reviewing such a determination, and specifies conditions under which certain grounds of removal may be waived. DHS officials may exercise certain forms of discretion in pursuing removal orders, and certain removable aliens may be eligible for permanent or temporary relief from removal.
    [Show full text]
  • OJ Simpson Murder Trial DVD Cataloging Still in Progress
    OJ SIMPSON MURDER TRIAL O.J. Simpson "Bronco Chase" audio CD (full transcript can be seen here) OJ Simpson Murder Trial DVD Collection (each disc is roughly 4 hours) Two hundred 4 hr. DVD's, professionally edited (100% commercial free) - contains virtually every minute of testimony. Recorded from local L.A. television stations, live as the events unfolded. Coverage begins with reports of the murders, till weeks after the verdict - and beyond. "O.J. Simpson - The Whole Story (and then some)" legend: "break" = fade to black, edited commercial break "H/C" = Hard Copy "ET" = Entertainment Tonight * To purchase, or inquire about OJ SImpson Murder Trial DVD duplications, click here * * To download a .pdf file of this OJ SImpson Murder Trial DVD listing, click here (322 KB) * OJ TRIAL #001 DVD (3:53:00) * News reports of the deaths of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman (ABC News, FX) * OJ waiting in truck outside of his house (@ 0:01:10) * Taped earlier: end of freeway chase, to Parker Center, news reports (@ 0:50:00) * Gil Garcetti, Commander Gascon: recap of charges (@ 1:36:48) * OJ's mug shot released on 11 o'clock news (@ 2:23:00), recap of days events * Johnnie Cochran, Al Michaels on "NightLine" (@ 2:51:00) * KNBC Morning News recap of events (@ 2:58:00) * Criminal Courts Bldg. Pre-Trial Preliminary Hearing, KNBC - Judge Kathleen Kennedy-Powell (@ 3:02:00) * Michele Kestler - LAPD Crime Lab (@ 3:18:00), cross-examination (@ 3:49:00), recess (@ 3:52:00) * KNBC news-break. OJ TRIAL #002 DVD (3:58:45) * Live evidence search KNBC news * Michele Kestler cross-examination cont.
    [Show full text]