L09: Digital modelling linked to fabrication
https://www.architectmagazine.com/technology/the-worlds-largest-3d-printed-structure_oL09: Digital modelling linked to fabrication ARK695 – Digitala Verktyg - Parametrisk Design. E. Adiels & I. Näslund 1 Digital modeling and fabrication is a process that joins design with production through the use of 3D modeling software or computer- aided design (CAD) and additive manufacturing process and subtractive manufacturing processes. - Wikipedia
L09: Digital modelling linked to fabrication ARK695 – Digitala Verktyg - Parametrisk Design. E. Adiels & I. Näslund 2 3D-printing technologies for electrochemical applications,Ambrosi and Pumera
Additive manufacturing - 3d printing Subtractive manufacturing – CNC and cutters
L09: Digital modelling linked to fabrication ARK695 – Digitala Verktyg - Parametrisk Design. E. Adiels & I. Näslund 3 Fused deposition modeling (FDM)
Additive manufacturing technology Scopigno R., Cignoni P., Pietroni N., Callieri M., Dellepiane M. (2017). Typically works by heating a string of material "Digital Fabrication that is applied layer by layer. Techniques for Cultural Heritage: A Survey". Material: PLA and ABS Computer Graphics Forum 36 (1): 6–21. • Medium quality output DOI:10.1111/cgf.12781.
• Support structure can be a hazzle!
• Relatively cheap material and technology
• Many different material mixtures
Common brands: Makerbot, Zortrax, Ultimaker
L09: Digital modelling linked to fabrication ARK695 – Digitala Verktyg - Parametrisk Design. E. Adiels & I. Näslund 4 Support material needed during printing that needs to be removed
L09: Digital modelling linked to fabrication ARK695 – Digitala Verktyg - Parametrisk Design. E. Adiels & I. Näslund 5 Support material needed during printing that needs to be removed
L09: Digital modelling linked to fabrication ARK695 – Digitala Verktyg - Parametrisk Design. E. Adiels & I. Näslund 6 https://shop.3dfilaprint.com/filaprint-metal-bronze-pla-175mm-12626-p.asp Conductive PLA. https://www.3ders.org/articles/20141230-protoplant-announces-highly-conductive-pla-3d-printer- filament.html
L09: Digital modelling linked to fabrication ARK695 – Digitala Verktyg - Parametrisk Design. E. Adiels & I. Näslund 7 Stereolithography Apparatus & Digital Light Processing (SLA and DLP)
Additive manufacturing technology
You have a liquid resin that hardens at a certain wave length. SLA uses a single ray of a laser while DLP uses a bigger light source like a projector or LCD screen.
• High quality output and more complex geometry • More expensive than the FDM • Less material variety • Messy handling(liquid resin )
Common brands: Formlabs
L09: Digital modelling linked to fabrication ARK695 – Digitala Verktyg - Parametrisk Design. E. Adiels & I. Näslund 8 www.formlabs.com L09: Digital modelling linked to fabrication ARK695 – Digitala Verktyg - Parametrisk Design. E. Adiels & I. Näslund 9 www.formlabs.com L09: Digital modelling linked to fabrication ARK695 – Digitala Verktyg - Parametrisk Design. E. Adiels & I. Näslund 10 Selective laser sintering (SLS)
Additive manufacturing technology
Uses a laser to sinter a powder material into a solid form.
No support problem
Expensive technology, used much in industry
High quality outputs
L09: Digital modelling linked to fabrication ARK695 – Digitala Verktyg - Parametrisk Design. E. Adiels & I. Näslund 11 L09: Digital modelling linked to fabrication ARK695 – Digitala Verktyg - Parametrisk Design. E. Adiels & I. Näslund 12 https://n-e-r-v-o-u-s.com/projects/albums/dress-in-motion/
L09: Digital modelling linked to fabrication ARK695 – Digitala Verktyg - Parametrisk Design. E. Adiels & I. Näslund 13 www.formlabs.com L09: Digital modelling linked to fabrication ARK695 – Digitala Verktyg - Parametrisk Design. E. Adiels & I. Näslund 14 Cement and Concrete Research, R.A.Buswell W.R.Leal de Silva S.Z.Jones J.Dirrenberger Volume 112, October 2018, Pages 37-49
L09: Digital modelling linked to fabrication ARK695 – Digitala Verktyg - Parametrisk Design. E. Adiels & I. Näslund 15 Block Research Group, ETH Zurich https://block.arch.ethz.ch/brg/research/3d-printed-floor-system
L09: Digital modelling linked to fabrication ARK695 – Digitala Verktyg - Parametrisk Design. E. Adiels & I. Näslund 16 Branch Technology, Thornton Tomasetti's CORE Studio https://3dprint.com/85215/branch-3d-printed-walls/ https://www.architectmagazine.com/technology/the-worlds-largest-3d-printed-structure_o
L09: Digital modelling linked to fabrication ARK695 – Digitala Verktyg - Parametrisk Design. E. Adiels & I. Näslund 17 https://www.arup.com/projects/additive-manufacturing L09: Digital modelling linked to fabrication ARK695 – Digitala Verktyg - Parametrisk Design. E. Adiels & I. Näslund 18 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=STAHy6hTP14 MX3D Bridge L09: Digital modelling linked to fabrication ARK695 – Digitala Verktyg - Parametrisk Design. E. Adiels & I. Näslund 19 CNC(Computer Numerical Control) manufacturing
Subtractive manufacturing method
Examples: Mills - often 3 axis (X, Y, and Z) but can have up to 6 axis Lathes –Rotational axis Laser cutters Water jet cutters
Relatively fast compared to 3d printing, depending on material and cutting.
Much waste material
Can be very powerful and cut through very hard and though materials such as metal and stone.
Expensive technology in general even though there have been some kickstarters for cheap mills, shapeoko
L09: Digital modelling linked to fabrication ARK695 – Digitala Verktyg - Parametrisk Design. E. Adiels & I. Näslund 20 http://waterjetsweden.com/sv/
L09: Digital modelling linked to fabrication ARK695 – Digitala Verktyg - Parametrisk Design. E. Adiels & I. Näslund 21 https://vimeo.com/55444687 L09: Digital modelling linked to fabrication ARK695 – Digitala Verktyg - Parametrisk Design. E. Adiels & I. Näslund 22 https://vimeo.com/55444687 https://block.arch.ethz.ch/brg/project/armadillo-vault-venice-italy L09: Digital modelling linked to fabrication ARK695 – Digitala Verktyg - Parametrisk Design. E. Adiels & I. Näslund 23 https://vimeo.com/287355259
L09: Digital modelling linked to fabrication ARK695 – Digitala Verktyg - Parametrisk Design. E. Adiels & I. Näslund 24 https://creators.vice.com/en_us/article/ez5nj4/robots-weave-super-light-sculptural-pavilion-fit-for-insects L09: Digital modelling linked to fabrication ARK695 – Digitala Verktyg - Parametrisk Design. E. Adiels & I. Näslund 25 https://www.chalmers.se/sv/institutioner/ace/utbildning/arkitekturskolan/lokaler-och- https://youtu.be/BvgKW-CPLTg labb/Sidor/Verkst%C3%A4der-och-labb.aspx
L09: Digital modelling linked to fabrication ARK695 – Digitala Verktyg - Parametrisk Design. E. Adiels & I. Näslund 26 https://www.dezeen.com/2015/03/03/movie-drones-building-architecture-ammar-mirjan-gramazio-kohler/
L09: Digital modelling linked to fabrication ARK695 – Digitala Verktyg - Parametrisk Design. E. Adiels & I. Näslund 27 https://www.dezeen.com/2018/10/02/stephanie- https://www.arpas.uk/drones-for-good-mud-spraying-uavs-help-quickly- chaltiel-mud-shell-southbank-spraying-drones- construct-emergency-shelters/ emergency-homes-architecture-ldf/
L09: Digital modelling linked to fabrication ARK695 – Digitala Verktyg - Parametrisk Design. E. Adiels & I. Näslund 28 What type of machines do we have in the workshop?
- LASERSKÄRARE Epilog EXT - CNC-FRÄS MDX 60 - 3D-PRINTER ZYYX (plast) - 3D-PRINTER Projet660 (gips) - FRIGOLITSKÄRARE Megaplot
L09: Digital modelling linked to fabrication ARK695 – Digitala Verktyg - Parametrisk Design. E. Adiels & I. Näslund 29 What type of file do we need as input for the different machines?
L09: Digital modelling linked to fabrication ARK695 – Digitala Verktyg - Parametrisk Design. E. Adiels & I. Näslund 30 Laser Cutter & Water Jet both need a file type called AutoCad Drawing (*.dwg)
L09: Digital modelling linked to fabrication ARK695 – Digitala Verktyg - Parametrisk Design. E. Adiels & I. Näslund 31 So, how do we do that in Rhino?
L09: Digital modelling linked to fabrication ARK695 – Digitala Verktyg - Parametrisk Design. E. Adiels & I. Näslund 32 Follow these steps
• Make sure your geometry is in 2D, i.e curves and lines • Make sure your geometry is laying flat on the XY-Plane • Select the geometry you wish to print • Go to the file menu in Rhino and choose export selected • Choose the file type .dwg • Click Save (an option window should pop-up) • In the drop-down menu choose 2007 Natural and click OK • You’re done
L09: Digital modelling linked to fabrication ARK695 – Digitala Verktyg - Parametrisk Design. E. Adiels & I. Näslund 33 2007 Natural in Rhino 6 L09: Digital modelling linked to fabrication ARK695 – Digitala Verktyg - Parametrisk Design. E. Adiels & I. Näslund 34 All 3D Printers and CNC Routers need a file type called STL (Stereolithography) (*.stl)
L09: Digital modelling linked to fabrication ARK695 – Digitala Verktyg - Parametrisk Design. E. Adiels & I. Näslund 35 So, how do we do that in Rhino?
L09: Digital modelling linked to fabrication ARK695 – Digitala Verktyg - Parametrisk Design. E. Adiels & I. Näslund 36 Follow these steps
• Make sure your geometry is a solid (water tight), as instructions on CANVAS • Select the geometry you wish to print • Go to the file menu in Rhino and choose export selected • Choose the file type .stl • Click Save (an option window should pop-up) • Change the tolerance to 0.01 if it is anything else than that by default • You’re done
L09: Digital modelling linked to fabrication ARK695 – Digitala Verktyg - Parametrisk Design. E. Adiels & I. Näslund 37 L09: Digital modelling linked to fabrication ARK695 – Digitala Verktyg - Parametrisk Design. E. Adiels & I. Näslund 38