Future of QI

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Future of QI Future of QI The Benasque Quantum Information Workshops 2011 – 2019 compiled by Adán Cabello and Géza Giedke July 2019 The Benasque Quantum Information Workshops2011 – 2019compiledFuture of by QI Adán Cabello and Géza Giedke July 2019 1 / 25 The Benasque Quantum Information Workshops2011 – 2019compiledFuture of by QI Adán Cabello and Géza Giedke July 2019 2 / 25 2011 +5 more... 2013 2013: Achievements in the last few years Q Optics & Implementations Quantum Info ground state nanomech syst Universal qc w/ q walk detection-loophole-free Unifying q correlations photonic exp QC w/ little entanglement superconducting qubits security device-indep QKD q sim.: high-energy physics in opt lattices Foundations QP q sim.: beating class comp PBR Theorem Many-Body Physics activation of q nonlocality complexity of Hamiltonians Q thermo: Landauer’s criticality in open systems principle & 2nd Laws time-dependent variational principle The Benasque Quantum Information Workshops2011 – 2019compiledFuture of by QI Adán Cabello and Géza Giedke July 2019 7 / 25 2013: Open Problems I Quantum Info Foundations QP NPT bound entanglement bound ent violate Bell Ineq? Q violation Ingleton ineq beyond Bell Ineq m-partite entanglement: principles for Q correlations characterization & applic relativity & QM in low-energy Q discord ?? physics LOCC: characterization QI + relativity rôle of entanglement in QC B.H. info paradox / firewall device-indep: general are Leggett-Garg Ineq useful? framework security; decidability in QIT certification of spacelike sep non-locality in many-body phys non-additivity of EOF/class capacity: examples life after loophole-free Bell Exp QC more powerful than CC? Tsirelson’s Problem PPT2 ) ent breaking Q chaos & entanglement The Benasque Quantum Information Workshops2011 – 2019compiledFuture of by QI Adán Cabello and Géza Giedke July 2019 8 / 25 2013: Open Problems II Many-Body Physics Q Optics & Implementations efficient sim of Q Dynamics what is D-Wave doing? classific phases higher D implementations of QI stuff approx TN Q networks thermalization cheap QKD non-equilib inequalities satellite-based Q Comm (quantum) certification of Q Sim simulation TN HEP long-distance ent-based QC ? TN , AdS/CFT exp test of PBR-like theorems relation fluctuat $ entang. many-body state prep low-energy effective theories def ent of bosons/fermions self-protect. Q Mem. D < 4? limitations of Q simulations robustness topolog memories Boson Sampling (limitations) The Benasque Quantum Information Workshops2011 – 2019compiledFuture of by QI Adán Cabello and Géza Giedke July 2019 9 / 25 2013 – Concluding Session The Benasque Quantum Information Workshops2011 – 2019compiledFuture of by QI Adán Cabello and Géza Giedke July 2019 10 / 25 2013 – Concluding Session The Benasque Quantum Information Workshops2011 – 2019compiledFuture of by QI Adán Cabello and Géza Giedke July 2019 10 / 25 The Top 10 of Open QIS Challenges 2013 1 Q computation more powerful than classical? (62) 2 New q algorithms (45) 3 Certification of q simulation (42) 4 Black Holes, general relativity & q information (black hole information paradox) (41) 6 Long-distance q communication (networks, satellites) (36) 6 Principles for q correlations (36) 7 Loophole-free Bell test (30) 8 better QECC (29) 9 robust topological QC & QMemory (26) 10 timescales for thermalization (25) 10 high-energy physics and QI (tensor networks) (25) The Benasque Quantum Information Workshops2011 – 2019compiledFuture of by QI Adán Cabello and Géza Giedke July 2019 11 / 25 2015 2015 Open Problems The Benasque Quantum Information Workshops2011 – 2019compiledFuture of by QI Adán Cabello and Géza Giedke July 2019 13 / 25 2015 Open Problems The Benasque Quantum Information Workshops2011 – 2019compiledFuture of by QI Adán Cabello and Géza Giedke July 2019 13 / 25 2015 Open Problems The Benasque Quantum Information Workshops2011 – 2019compiledFuture of by QI Adán Cabello and Géza Giedke July 2019 13 / 25 2017 2017 Open Problems I QI physical multipartite Foundations entanglement role of causality coherence theory and new reconstructions based on entanglement interpretations QI and gravity (ECC) q thermodynamics Black Holes / holography network vs Bell nonlocality (supreme) quantum machine certification of randomness learning and quantumness in temporal new killer applications for QC correlations resources for delegated QC QT–exotic space-times q approach to nonlinear connection channels falsifying sensitve collapse q speedup before QECC? models NPT bound entanglement? why probabilities? The Benasquenon-additivity Quantum Information issues Workshops2011 – 2019compiledFuture of by QI Adán Cabello and Géza Giedke July 2019 16 / 25 2017 Open Problems I Implementations useful q metrology Many-body understanding Fermi-Hubbard more applications tensor model networks q thermo machines to use many-body localization certifying q supremacy without applications of TN to: RNG, (or with) universality QFT, q learning, c learning q certification quantum PCP conjecture device-independent QKD efficient algorithms for gapless q nanophotonics for QIP systems is FTQC really possible? open q systems w non-Markovian effects is adiabatic QC really possible? make a surface code The Benasque Quantum Information Workshops2011 – 2019compiledFuture of by QI Adán Cabello and Géza Giedke July 2019 17 / 25 Bets over the years NPT bound entanglement? 2011 Ruskai: No general composable security proof for DI-QKD 2011 Winter: yes; Acín: 2 yrs Peres’ Conjecture? 2011 Perez-García: False Vertesi and Brunner 2014 optimal states for 1-mode Gaussian channels? 2011 García-Patrón: vacuum( ) loophole-free Bell test 2011 Kleinmann: > 2y 2013 Cabello: 2y, Weinfurter( ) 2015: Hensen et al; Giustina et al; Shalm et al D-wave QC? 2011 Cirac: No (2y) q repeater better than direct transmission 2011 Brask Bohr: 3y q sim better than c sim Lewenstein: 2y; Cirac: > 1y the variational method? 2013 Cirac: PEPS (10y) business interest in QC will increase 2015 Latorre: yes (2y) The Benasque Quantum Information Workshops2011 – 2019compiledFuture of by QI Adán Cabello and Géza Giedke July 2019 18 / 25 Voted predictions a universal quantum computer within our lifetimes? in 2013: YES: 50; NO: 16 in 2015: YES: 60; NO: 11; ABS: 5. predictions 2017 (for 2019): • quantum computers with X qubits and 103 gates: (A) > 100 qubits (3; 4%) (B) 50 − 100 (37; 58%) (C) < 50 (24; 46%) • device-independent QKD: (A) < 1km (3; 6%) (B) 1 − 10km (35; 71%) (C) > 10k (11, 23%) • reliable phase diagram Hubbard model: (A) Yes (9; 29%) (B) NO (22; 71%) • q metrology: commercial device using (A) only entanglement (24; 61%) (B) entanglement and (Q?)EC (2; 5%) (C) none (13, 33%) The Benasque Quantum Information Workshops2011 – 2019compiledFuture of by QI Adán Cabello and Géza Giedke July 2019 19 / 25 The 2019 Quantum Information Workshop 2019 recent advances – major open problems – bets/predictions The Benasque Quantum Information Workshops2011 – 2019compiledFuture of by QI Adán Cabello and Géza Giedke July 2019 20 / 25 The 2019 Quantum Information Workshop The Benasque Quantum Information Workshops2011 – 2019compiledFuture of by QI Adán Cabello and Géza Giedke July 2019 21 / 25 The 2019 Quantum Information Workshop The Benasque Quantum Information Workshops2011 – 2019compiledFuture of by QI Adán Cabello and Géza Giedke July 2019 21 / 25 The 2019 Quantum Information Workshop The Benasque Quantum Information Workshops2011 – 2019compiledFuture of by QI Adán Cabello and Géza Giedke July 2019 21 / 25 2019: Recent Advances Quantum Information Many-body Proof of DI QKD Fermi Hubbard (Corboz et al.) (Arnon-Friedman et al., ’16) Constructions from free Q separation constant-depth fermions circuit (Bravyi, Gosset, Koenig ’18) Frustrated q spin models not Classical verification of QC tractable by Q Monte Carlo (Mahadev, 2018) Implementations Simulation of Boson sampling Many-body localization in 2d Quantum foundations (Bloch) Wigner’s friend (Frauchinger & Quasicrystals in optical lattices Renner) (Bloch?) Bell correlations (Slofstra 2017...) Tweezer technology (Lukin) Emergence object. reality (Müller) Scaling up to 50 qubits (ions, Redundancy in Q postulates atoms, and sc qubits) (Masanes, Galley, Müller 2018) Satellite (Micius) The Benasque Quantum Information Workshops2011 – 2019compiledFuture of by QI Adán Cabello and Géza Giedke July 2019 22 / 25 2019: Open problems I Quantum information Many-body verification & benchmarks of TNs and QFT QC Proof of MBL phase quantum machine learning Out-of-equilibrium dynamics NPT bound entanglement? Foundations of QFT Can QC break post-q crypto? TN investigations of strong Resources to break correlations position-based crypto Experiment theory corrections Q supremacy proof Classification of topological Problems useful for QML phases in 3D Multipartite entanglement Applications of TNs outside QEC: Higher-threshold error QMB physics correcting codes with less Finite temperature results overhead The Benasque Quantum Information Workshops2011 – 2019compiledFuture of by QI Adán Cabello and Géza Giedke July 2019 23 / 25 2019: Open problems II Foundations Unified Framework for temporal and spatial Q correlations Implementations/Experiment Principles (and bounds) for Q correlations Room-temp SC Why are Q correlations for bell QSim of Q gravity scenarios not closed? detection of Q Gravity effects Indefinite causal order Proof of Q supremacy Business & Societal Commercial devices for large investments (financial, metrology and sensing chemical,...) DI QKD ethics? q bubble? and consequences? open access
Recommended publications
  • Arxiv:2004.01992V2 [Quant-Ph] 31 Jan 2021 Ity [6–20]
    Hidden Variable Model for Universal Quantum Computation with Magic States on Qubits Michael Zurel,1, 2, ∗ Cihan Okay,1, 2, ∗ and Robert Raussendorf1, 2 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada 2Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Dated: February 2, 2021) We show that every quantum computation can be described by a probabilistic update of a proba- bility distribution on a finite phase space. Negativity in a quasiprobability function is not required in states or operations. Our result is consistent with Gleason's Theorem and the Pusey-Barrett- Rudolph theorem. It is often pointed out that the fundamental objects In Theorem 2, we apply this to quantum computation in quantum mechanics are amplitudes, not probabilities with magic states, showing that universal quantum com- [1, 2]. This fact notwithstanding, here we construct a de- putation can be classically simulated by the probabilistic scription of universal quantum computation|and hence update of a probability distribution. of all quantum mechanics in finite-dimensional Hilbert This looks all very classical, and therein lies a puzzle. spaces|in terms of a probabilistic update of a probabil- In fact, our Theorem 2 is running up against a number ity distribution. In this formulation, quantum algorithms of no-go theorems: Theorem 2 in [23] and the Pusey- look structurally akin to classical diffusion problems. Barrett-Rudolph (PBR) theorem [24] say that probabil- While this seems implausible, there exists a well-known ity representations for quantum mechanics do not exist, special instance of it: quantum computation with magic and [9{13] show that negativity in certain Wigner func- states (QCM) [3] on a single qubit.
    [Show full text]
  • Arxiv:1909.06771V2 [Quant-Ph] 19 Sep 2019
    Quantum PBR Theorem as a Monty Hall Game Del Rajan ID and Matt Visser ID School of Mathematics and Statistics, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. (Dated: LATEX-ed September 20, 2019) The quantum Pusey{Barrett{Rudolph (PBR) theorem addresses the question of whether the quantum state corresponds to a -ontic model (system's physical state) or to a -epistemic model (observer's knowledge about the system). We reformulate the PBR theorem as a Monty Hall game, and show that winning probabilities, for switching doors in the game, depend whether it is a -ontic or -epistemic game. For certain cases of the latter, switching doors provides no advantage. We also apply the concepts involved to quantum teleportation, in particular for improving reliability. Introduction: No-go theorems in quantum foundations Furthermore, concepts involved in the PBR proof have are vitally important for our understanding of quantum been used for a particular guessing game [43]. physics. Bell's theorem [1] exemplifies this by showing In this Letter, we reformulate the PBR theorem into that locally realistic models must contradict the experi- a Monty Hall game. This particular gamification of the mental predictions of quantum theory. theorem highlights that winning probabilities, for switch- There are various ways of viewing Bell's theorem ing doors in the game, depend on whether it is a -ontic through the framework of game theory [2]. These are or -epistemic game; we also show that in certain - commonly referred to as nonlocal games, and the best epistemic games switching doors provides no advantage. known example is the CHSH game; in this scenario the This may have consequences for an alternative experi- participants can win the game at a higher probability mental test of the PBR theorem.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mathemathics of Secrets.Pdf
    THE MATHEMATICS OF SECRETS THE MATHEMATICS OF SECRETS CRYPTOGRAPHY FROM CAESAR CIPHERS TO DIGITAL ENCRYPTION JOSHUA HOLDEN PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINCETON AND OXFORD Copyright c 2017 by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 6 Oxford Street, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1TR press.princeton.edu Jacket image courtesy of Shutterstock; design by Lorraine Betz Doneker All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Holden, Joshua, 1970– author. Title: The mathematics of secrets : cryptography from Caesar ciphers to digital encryption / Joshua Holden. Description: Princeton : Princeton University Press, [2017] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016014840 | ISBN 9780691141756 (hardcover : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Cryptography—Mathematics. | Ciphers. | Computer security. Classification: LCC Z103 .H664 2017 | DDC 005.8/2—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016014840 British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available This book has been composed in Linux Libertine Printed on acid-free paper. ∞ Printed in the United States of America 13579108642 To Lana and Richard for their love and support CONTENTS Preface xi Acknowledgments xiii Introduction to Ciphers and Substitution 1 1.1 Alice and Bob and Carl and Julius: Terminology and Caesar Cipher 1 1.2 The Key to the Matter: Generalizing the Caesar Cipher 4 1.3 Multiplicative Ciphers 6
    [Show full text]
  • The Case for Quantum State Realism
    Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 4-23-2012 12:00 AM The Case for Quantum State Realism Morgan C. Tait The University of Western Ontario Supervisor Wayne Myrvold The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in Philosophy A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Doctor of Philosophy © Morgan C. Tait 2012 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Philosophy Commons Recommended Citation Tait, Morgan C., "The Case for Quantum State Realism" (2012). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 499. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/499 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE CASE FOR QUANTUM STATE REALISM Thesis format: Monograph by Morgan Tait Department of Philosophy A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies The University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, Canada © Morgan Tait 2012 THE UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies CERTIFICATE OF EXAMINATION Supervisor Examiners ______________________________ ______________________________ Dr. Wayne Myrvold Dr. Dan Christensen Supervisory Committee ______________________________ Dr. Robert Spekkens ______________________________ Dr. Robert DiSalle ______________________________ Dr. Chris Smeenk The thesis by Morgan Christopher Tait entitled: The Case for Quantum State Realism is accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of « Doctor of Philosophy» ______________________ _______________________________ Date Chair of the Thesis Examination Board ii Abstract I argue for a realist interpretation of the quantum state.
    [Show full text]
  • Reformulation of Quantum Mechanics and Strong Complementarity from Bayesian Inference Requirements
    Reformulation of quantum mechanics and strong complementarity from Bayesian inference requirements William Heartspring Abstract: This paper provides an epistemic reformulation of quantum mechanics (QM) in terms of inference consistency requirements of objective Bayesianism, which include the principle of maximum entropy under physical constraints. Physical constraints themselves are understood in terms of consistency requirements. The by-product of this approach is that QM must additionally be understood as providing the theory of theories. Strong complementarity - that dierent observers may live in separate Hilbert spaces - follows as a consequence, which resolves the rewall paradox. Other clues pointing to this reformu- lation are analyzed. The reformulation, with the addition of novel transition probability arithmetic, resolves the measurement problem completely, thereby eliminating subjectivity of measurements from quantum mechanics. An illusion of collapse comes from Bayesian updates by observer's continuous outcome data. Dark matter and dark energy pop up directly as entropic tug-of-war in the reformulation. Contents 1 Introduction1 2 Epistemic nature of quantum mechanics2 2.1 Area law, quantum information and spacetime2 2.2 State vector from objective Bayesianism5 3 Consequences of the QM reformulation8 3.1 Basis, decoherence and causal diamond complementarity 12 4 Spacetime from entanglement 14 4.1 Locality: area equals mutual information 14 4.2 Story of Big Bang cosmology 14 5 Evidences toward the reformulation 14 5.1 Quantum redundancy 15 6 Transition probability arithmetic: resolving the measurement problem completely 16 7 Conclusion 17 1 Introduction Hamiltonian formalism and Schrödinger picture of quantum mechanics are assumed through- out the writing, with time t 2 R. Whenever the word entropy is mentioned without addi- tional qualication, it refers to von Neumann entropy.
    [Show full text]
  • Antum Entanglement in Time
    antum Entanglement in Time by Del Rajan A thesis submied to the Victoria University of Wellington in fullment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Victoria University of Wellington 2020 Abstract is thesis is in the eld of quantum information science, which is an area that reconceptualizes quantum physics in terms of information. Central to this area is the quantum eect of entanglement in space. It is an interdependence among two or more spatially separated quantum systems that would be impossible to replicate by classical systems. Alternatively, an entanglement in space can also be viewed as a resource in quantum information in that it allows the ability to perform information tasks that would be impossible or very dicult to do with only classical information. Two such astonishing applications are quantum com- munications which can be harnessed for teleportation, and quantum computers which can drastically outperform the best classical supercomputers. In this thesis our focus is on the theoretical aspect of the eld, and we provide one of the rst expositions on an analogous quantum eect known as entanglement in time. It can be viewed as an interdependence of quantum systems across time, which is stronger than could ever exist between classical systems. We explore this temporal eect within the study of quantum information and its foundations as well as through relativistic quantum information. An original contribution of this thesis is the design of one of the rst quantum information applications of entanglement in time, namely a quantum blockchain. We describe how the entanglement in time provides the quantum advantage over a classical blockchain.
    [Show full text]
  • Quantum PBR Theorem As a Monty Hall Game
    quantum reports Article Quantum PBR Theorem as a Monty Hall Game Del Rajan * and Matt Visser School of Mathematics and Statistics, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 21 November 2019; Accepted: 27 December 2019; Published: 31 December 2019 Abstract: The quantum Pusey–Barrett–Rudolph (PBR) theorem addresses the question of whether the quantum state corresponds to a y-ontic model (system’s physical state) or to a y-epistemic model (observer’s knowledge about the system). We reformulate the PBR theorem as a Monty Hall game and show that winning probabilities, for switching doors in the game, depend on whether it is a y-ontic or y-epistemic game. For certain cases of the latter, switching doors provides no advantage. We also apply the concepts involved in quantum teleportation, in particular for improving reliability. Keywords: Monty Hall game; PBR theorem; entanglement; teleportation; psi-ontic; psi-epistemic PACS: 03.67.Bg; 03.67.Dd; 03.67.Hk; 03.67.Mn 1. Introduction No-go theorems in quantum foundations are vitally important for our understanding of quantum physics. Bell’s theorem [1] exemplifies this by showing that locally realistic models must contradict the experimental predictions of quantum theory. There are various ways of viewing Bell’s theorem through the framework of game theory [2]. These are commonly referred to as nonlocal games, and the best known example is the CHSHgame; in this scenario, the participants can win the game at a higher probability with quantum resources, as opposed to having access to only classical resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of on the Reality of the Quantum State Article
    Report of On the reality of the quantum state article De´akNorbert December 6, 2016 1 Introduction Quantum states are the fundamental elements in quantum theory. How- ever, there are a lot of discussions and debates about what a quantum state actually represents. Is it corresponding directly to reality, or is it only a de- scription of what an experimenter knows of some aspect of reality, a physical system? There is a terminology to distinct the two theories: ontic state (state of reality) or epistemic state (state of knowledge). In [1], this is referred as the -ontic/epistemic distinction. The arguments started with the beginnings of quantum theory, with the debates between Bohr-Einstein, concerning the foundations of quantum me- chanics. In 1935, Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen published a paper stating that quantum mechanics is incomplete. As a repsonse, Bohr also published a paper, in which he defended the so called Copenhagen interpretation, a theory strongly supported by himself, Heisenberg and Pauli, that views the quantum state as epistemic [2]. One of the scientific works stating that the quantum state is less real is Spekken's toy theory [3]. It introduces a model, in which a toy bit as a system that can be in one of the four states: (-,-), (-,+), (+,-) and (+,+), represent- ing them on the xy plane, each of them being in a different quadrant. In this representation, the quantum states are epistemic, they are represented by probability distributions. Using this toy theory, Spekkens offers natural ex- planations for some features of quantum theory, like the non-distinguishibility of the non-orthogonal states and the no-cloning theorem.
    [Show full text]
  • The End of a Classical Ontology for Quantum Mechanics?
    entropy Article The End of a Classical Ontology for Quantum Mechanics? Peter W. Evans School of Historical and Philosophical Inquiry, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; [email protected] Abstract: In this paper, I argue that the Shrapnel–Costa no-go theorem undermines the last remaining viability of the view that the fundamental ontology of quantum mechanics is essentially classical: that is, the view that physical reality is underpinned by objectively real, counterfactually definite, uniquely spatiotemporally defined, local, dynamical entities with determinate valued properties, and where typically ‘quantum’ behaviour emerges as a function of our own in-principle ignorance of such entities. Call this view Einstein–Bell realism. One can show that the causally symmetric local hidden variable approach to interpreting quantum theory is the most natural interpretation that follows from Einstein–Bell realism, where causal symmetry plays a significant role in circumventing the nonclassical consequences of the traditional no-go theorems. However, Shrapnel and Costa argue that exotic causal structures, such as causal symmetry, are incapable of explaining quantum behaviour as arising as a result of noncontextual ontological properties of the world. This is partic- ularly worrying for Einstein–Bell realism and classical ontology. In the first instance, the obvious consequence of the theorem is a straightforward rejection of Einstein–Bell realism. However, more than this, I argue that, even where there looks to be a possibility of accounting for contextual ontic variables within a causally symmetric framework, the cost of such an account undermines a key advantage of causal symmetry: that accepting causal symmetry is more economical than rejecting a classical ontology.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mathematical Structure of Non-Locality & Contextuality
    The Mathematical Structure of Non-locality & Contextuality Shane Mansfield Wolfson College University of Oxford A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Trinity Term 2013 To my family. Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisors Samson Abramsky and Bob Coecke for taking me under their wing, and for their encouragement and guidance throughout this project; my collaborators Samson Abramsky, Tobias Fritz and Rui Soares Barbosa, who have contributed to some of the work contained here; and all of the members of the Quantum Group, past and present, for providing such a stimulating and colourful environment to work in. I gratefully acknowledge financial support from the National University of Ireland Travelling Studentship programme. I'm fortunate to have many wonderful friends, who have played a huge part in making this such an enjoyable experience and who have been a great support to me. A few people deserve a special mention: Rui Soares Barbosa, who caused me to and kept me from `banging two empty halves of coconut together' at various times, and who very generously proof-read this dissertation; Daniel `The Font of all Knowledge' Corbett; Tahir Mansoori, who looked after me when I was laid up with a knee injury; mo chara dh´ılis,fear m´orna Gaeilge, Daith´ı O´ R´ıog´ain;Johan Paulsson, my companion since Part III; all of my friends at Wolfson College, you know who you are; Alina, Michael, Jon & Pernilla, Matteo; Bowsh, Matt, Lewis; Ant´on,Henry, Vincent, Joe, Ruth, the Croatians; Jerry & Joe at the lodge; the Radish, Ray; my flatmates; again, the entire Quantum Group, past and present; the Cambridge crew, Raph, Emma & Marion; Colm, Dave, Goold, Samantha, Steve, Tony and the rest of the UCC gang; the veteran Hardy Bucks, Rossi, Diarmuid & John, and the Abbeyside lads; Brendan, Cormac, and the organisers and participants of the PSM.
    [Show full text]
  • Reading List on Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics David Wallace, June 2018
    Reading list on philosophy of quantum mechanics David Wallace, June 2018 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 2 2. Introductory and general readings in philosophy of quantum theory ..................................................... 4 3. Physics and math resources ...................................................................................................................... 5 4. The quantum measurement problem....................................................................................................... 7 4. Non-locality in quantum theory ................................................................................................................ 8 5. State-eliminativist hidden variable theories (aka Psi-epistemic theories) ............................................. 10 6. The Copenhagen interpretation and its descendants ............................................................................ 12 7. Decoherence ........................................................................................................................................... 15 8. The Everett interpretation (aka the Many-Worlds Theory) .................................................................... 17 9. The de Broglie-Bohm theory ................................................................................................................... 22 10. Dynamical-collapse theories ................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Long Distance Free-Space Quantum Key Distribution
    Long distance free-space quantum key distribution Tobias Schmitt-Manderbach M¨unchen 2007 Long distance free-space quantum key distribution Tobias Schmitt-Manderbach Dissertation at the Faculty of Physics of the Ludwig–Maximilians–Universit¨at M¨unchen Tobias Schmitt-Manderbach born in M¨unchen, Germany M¨unchen, 16. Oktober 2007 Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Harald Weinfurter Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Zinth Tag der m¨undlichen Pr¨ufung: 17. Dezember 2007 Zusammenfassung Im Zeitalter der Information und der Globalisierung nimmt die sichere Kommunikation und der Schutz von sensiblen Daten gegen unberechtigten Zugriff eine zentrale Stellung ein. Die Quantenkryptographie ist derzeit die einzige Methode, die den Austausch ei- nes geheimen Schl¨ussels zwischen zwei Parteien auf beweisbar sichere Weise erm¨oglicht. Mit der aktuellen Glasfaser- und Detektortechnologie ist die Quantenkrypographie auf- grund von Verlusten und Rauschen derzeit auf Entfernungen unterhalb einiger 100 km beschr¨ankt. Prinzipiell k¨onnten gr¨oßere Entfernungen in k¨urzere Abschnitte aufgeteilt werden, die daf¨ur ben¨otigten Quantenrepeater sind jedoch derzeit nicht realisierbar. Eine alternative L¨osung zur Uberwindung¨ gr¨oßerer Entfernungen stellt ein satellitenbasiertes System dar, das den Schl¨usselaustausch zwischen zwei beliebigen Punkten auf dem Glo- bus mittels freiraumoptischer Kommunikation erm¨oglichen w¨urde. Ziel des beschriebenen Experiments war es, die Realisierbarkeit satellitengest¨utzter globaler Quantenschl¨usselverteilung zu untersuchen. Dazu wurde ein freiraumoptisches Quantenkryptographie-Experimentuber ¨ eine Entfernung von 144 km durchgef¨uhrt. Sen- der und Empf¨anger befanden sich jeweils in ca. 2500 m H¨ohe auf den Kanarischen Inseln La Palma bzw. Teneriffa. Die kleine und leichte Sendeeinheit erzeugte abgeschw¨achte Laserpulse, die mittels eines 15-cm Teleskops zum Empf¨anger geschickt wurden.
    [Show full text]