DOCSLIB.ORG

Factors Driving the Carbon Mineralization Priming Effect in a Sandy Loam Soil Amended with Different Types of Biochar

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Factors Driving the Carbon Mineralization Priming Effect in a Sandy Loam Soil Amended with Different Types of Biochar Solid Earth, 5, 585–594, 2014 www.solid-earth.net/5/585/2014/ doi:10.5194/se-5-585-2014 © Author(s) 2014. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Factors driving the carbon mineralization priming effect in a sandy loam soil amended with different types of biochar P. Cely1, A. M. Tarquis2,3, J. Paz-Ferreiro1, A. Méndez4, and G. Gascó1 1Departamento de Edafología. E.T.S.I. Agrónomos. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28004 Madrid, Spain 2CEIGRAM, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28004 Madrid, Spain 3Departamento de Matemática aplicada a la Ingeniería Agronómica. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain 4Departamento de Ingeniería de Materiales. E.T.S.I. Minas. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/Ríos Rosas no. 21, 28003 Madrid, Spain Correspondence to: G. Gascó ([email protected]) Received: 1 March 2014 – Published in Solid Earth Discuss.: 15 March 2014 Revised: 22 May 2014 – Accepted: 22 May 2014 – Published: 30 June 2014 Abstract. The effect of biochar on the soil carbon mineral- 1 Introduction ization priming effect depends on the characteristics of the raw materials, production method and pyrolysis conditions. The goal of the present study is to evaluate the impact of three different types of biochar on physicochemical properties and Biochar is a carbonaceous material obtained from biomass CO2 emissions of a sandy loam soil. For this purpose, soil pyrolysis or gasification processes. Biochar production emits was amended with three different biochars (BI, BII and BIII) carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, but combined at a rate of 8 wt % and soil CO2 emissions were measured with proper waste disposal or biofuel production it offers a for 45 days. BI is produced from a mixed wood sieving from practical way of mitigating global warming (Barrow, 2012). wood chip production, BII from a mixture of paper sludge For many years now, it has been researched as a significant and wheat husks and BIII from sewage sludge. Cumulative means of improving soil productivity, carbon storage, and CO2 emissions of biochars, soil and amended soil were well the filtration of soil percolating water (Lehmann and Joseph, fit to a simple first-order kinetic model with correlation coef- 2009). In fact, land degradation is a worldwide phenomenon ficients (r2) greater than 0.97. Results show a negative prim- that affects soil quality, water resources, human societies ing effect in the soil after addition of BI and a positive prim- and economic development (Zhao et al., 2013; Omutu et al., ing effect in the case of soil amended with BII and BIII. 2014). Biochar as a source of organic matter (Paz Ferreiro These results can be related to different biochar properties and Fu, 2014) can improve the quality of soils in crop and such as carbon content, carbon aromaticity, volatile matter, rangeland (Yan-Gui et al., 2013) and then the development fixed carbon, easily oxidized organic carbon or metal and of societies (Srinivasarao et al., 2014) and reduce the impact phenolic substance content in addition to surface biochar of climate change (Barbera et al., 2013). properties. Three biochars increased the values of soil field Nowadays, biochar production is attracting more attention capacity and wilting point, while effects over pH and cation because it is a safer method of organic waste management. exchange capacity were not observed. Many types of biomass can be transformed into biochar, in- cluding wood wastes, crop residues, switch grass, wastew- ater sludge or deinking sludges (Méndez et al., 2012; Paz- Ferreiro et al., 2014; Sohi et al., 2010). If enough farmers, larger agricultural enterprises, biofuel producers, and waste treatment plants established biochar production methods, it Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 586 P. Cely et al.: Factors driving the carbon mineralization priming effect could reduce CO2 emissions related to agriculture while im- et al., 2012). For example, Gascó et al. (2012) observed using proving soil productivity. thermal methods that there is a degradation of more complex Biochar is a highly recalcitrant organic material, with a structures after application of a sewage sludge biochar to a long-term stability in soil, which is on the scale of millen- Haplic Cambisol. The final chemical composition and phys- nia or longer (Kuzyakov et al., 2014). The response that soil ical properties of biochar, and thus its potential for having a exhibits to biochar addition has global consequences for car- positive or negative priming effect, depends on the character- bon cycling. Depending on the interaction between soil and istics of the raw materials, production method and pyrolysis biochar, the ecosystem could become a sink or source of car- conditions. Different studies has been performed in order to bon. study the influence of feedstock, production method and py- The term priming effect refers to increases or decreases rolisis temperature on biochar properties and uses (Calvelo in the mineralization of native soil organic matter due to the Pereira et al., 2011; Méndez et al., 2012; Zimmermann et al., addition of substrates and has been observed in many stud- 2011; Paz-Ferreiro et al., 2014). ies, both in the field and under laboratory conditions (Paz- In the present work, three different biochars were used Ferreiro et al., 2012; Zavalloni et al., 2009; Zimmerman et in order to study their influence on soil properties and CO2 al., 2011). While it is generally regarded that biochar addi- emissions. Biochars were obtained from pyrolysis of differ- tion results in a reduction in soil carbon emissions from the ent types of biomass: mixed wood sievings from wood chip soil, the fact is that the results are biochar and soil specific. production, paper sludge and wheat husks and sewage sludge Indeed, previous works have shown that there is no clear at temperatures between 500 and 620 ◦C using slow pyrolysis trend in CO2 emissions after biochar application. For exam- processes. ple, Zimmerman et al. (2011) found that carbon mineraliza- tion was generally less than expected (negative priming) for soils combined with biochars produced at high temperatures 2 Materials and methods (525 and 650 ◦C) and from hard woods, whereas carbon min- 2.1 Soil selection and characterization eralization was greater than expected (positive priming) for soils combined with biochars produced at low temperatures ◦ The selected soil was taken from the northeast of Toledo (250 and 400 C) and from grasses, particularly during the (Spain) and the soil was air-dried, crushed and sieved through early incubation stage and in soils of lower organic carbon a 2 mm mesh prior to analysis. The initial pH and electrical content. Luo et al. (2011) used biochar from plant residues conductivity (EC) were determined with a soil : water ratio and found during the first 13 days of incubation experiment : −1 ◦ of 1 2.5 (g m L ) using a Crison micro-pH 2000 (Thomas that biochar obtained at 350 C causes a large positive prim- et al., 1996) and a Crison 222 conductivimeter (Rhoades, ing effect, while biochar prepared at higher temperatures ◦ 1996) respectively. CEC was determined by NH4OAc/HOAc (700 C) caused a relatively small positive priming effect. at pH 7.0 (Sumner and Miller, 1996). Total organic matter These authors hypothesized that the priming effect was prob- (TOM) was determined using the dry combustion method ably caused by labile organic matter remaining in the biochar at 540 ◦C (Nelson and Sommers, 1996). Soil metal content after pyrolysis, which in turn activated the soil microorgan- was determined using a Perkin Elmer 2280 atomic absorption ism. Jones et al. (2011) hypothesized that the increment in spectrophotometer after sample extraction by digestion with soil respiration is due to a different mechanism than changes concentrated HCl/HNO3 following method 3051a (USEPA, in soil physical properties (bulk density, porosity, moisture); 1997). Soil texture was determined following the methodol- biological breakdown of organic carbon released from the ogy of Bouyoucos (1962). These analyses were performed in biochar; abiotic release of inorganic carbon contained in the triplicate. biochar and a stimulation of decomposition of soil organic matter. Zavalloni et al. (2011) have shown that the amount of 2.2 Biochar characterization soil carbon respired was similar between the control and soil treated with biochar from coppiced woodland pyrolysis in a Three different biochar samples were selected and used for short-term incubation experiment. Also, Wardle et al. (2008) the present work: biochar I (BI) was produced by Swiss reported a priming effect from a boreal soil after biochar Biochar (Lausanne, Switzerland) from mixed wood sievings addition, although the results of this experiment have been from wood chip production at 620 ◦C; biochar II (BII) was disputed by others (Lehmann and Sohi, 2008). If a strong produced by Sonnenerde (Austria) from a mixture of paper positive priming effect occurs after biochar addition to the sludge and wheat husks at 500 ◦C; and biochar III (BIII) was soil, then the beneficial effects attained by biochar addition to produced by Pyreg (Germany) from sewage sludge at 600 ◦C. the soil becomes mitigated. Furthermore, although the use of The pyrolisis duration was 20 min in all cases. All biochar biochar measuring soil respiration has been evaluated (Mén- samples were produced using Pyreg500-III pyrolysis (Ger- dez et al., 2012; Zimmerman et al., 2011), fewer studies have many) units that can work until 650 ◦C in a continuous pro- studied the role of biochar addition of native soil organic mat- cess. ter (Zimmermann et al., 2011; Cross and Sohi, 2011; Gascó Solid Earth, 5, 585–594, 2014 www.solid-earth.net/5/585/2014/ P. Cely et al.: Factors driving the carbon mineralization priming effect 587 The pH, EC, CEC and metal content in biochars were per- 2.4 Mineralization model formed as in Sect.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Priming Effects of Dissolved Organic Substrates on the Mineralisation of Lignin, Peat, Soil Organic Matter and Black Carbon Dete
    Priming effects of dissolved organic substrates on the mineralisation of lignin, peat, soil organic matter and black carbon determined with 14C and 13C isotope techniques Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades Doktor der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) an der Fakultät für Geowissenschaften der Ruhr-Universität Bochum vorgelegt von Dipl.-Geographin Ute Hamer geboren 01.05.76 in Wickede (Ruhr) 2004 Contents 2 Contents Abbreviations ............................................................................................................. 3 Chapter 1 .................................................................................................................... 5 Introduction Chapter 2 .................................................................................................................. 29 Priming effects of sugars, amino acids, organic acids and catechol on the miner- alization of lignin and peat Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science (2002), 165: 261-268 Chapter 3 .................................................................................................................. 53 Priming effects in different soil types induced by fructose, alanine, oxalic acid and catechol additions Soil Biology & Biochemistry (2004), in press Chapter 4 .................................................................................................................. 78 Priming effects in soils after combined and repeated substrate additions Geoderma (2004), in press Chapter 5 ...............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Soil Biology and Biochemistry 131 (2019) 166–175
    Soil Biology and Biochemistry 131 (2019) 166–175 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Soil Biology and Biochemistry journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/soilbio Interactive priming of soil N transformations from combining biochar and urea inputs: A 15N isotope tracer study T ∗ N. Fiorentinoa,b, , M.A. Sánchez-Monederob, J. Lehmannc, A. Endersc, M. Fagnanoa, ∗∗ M.L. Cayuelab, a Department of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Plant Biology and Crop Science, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 100, 8055, Portici, Italy b Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Waste Management, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain c Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Biochar has been found to interact with N transformations in soil but the mechanisms remain largely unknown. Stable isotopes In this study we investigated the priming effect of combined biochar and urea inputs on soil inorganic N pools Nitrogen fertilization through an isotope tracer approach. Biochar was applied in combination with urea in two complementary la- Charcoal boratory experiments: (i) in the first one, three 15N-labeled organic amendments (wheat straw (WS)), its biochars Soil N mineralization produced at 350 °C (B350) and at 550 °C (B550) were added to soil in combination with unlabeled urea; (ii) in N priming the second experiment the three same, but unlabeled, amendments were added to soil in combination with 15N labeled urea. This system allowed partitioning between three N sources: native soil N, biochar-derived N and urea-derived N. In addition, CO2 fluxes were measured to follow total C mineralization in soil and N2O emissions were monitored.
    [Show full text]
  • Tansley Review Synthesis and Modeling Perspectives of Rhizosphere Priming
    Review Tansley review Synthesis and modeling perspectives of rhizosphere priming Author for correspondence: Weixin Cheng1,2, William J. Parton3, Miquel A. Gonzalez-Meler4, Weixin Cheng 5 3 4 5 Tel: +1 831 459 5317 Richard Phillips , Shinichi Asao , Gordon G. McNickle , Edward Brzostek and Email: [email protected] Julie D. Jastrow6 Received: 30 April 2013 1Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; 2State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Accepted: 8 July 2013 Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China; 3Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; 4Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; 5Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; 6Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA Contents V. A microbial physiology-based model: simulating positive 7 and negative RPEs Summary 1 VI. A case study: matching simulation results with observations 8 I. Introduction 1 at the Duke FACE II. Magnitude and driving variables of the rhizosphere 2 VII. Research needs and future perspectives 9 priming effect Acknowledgements 11 III. Will global environmental change alter the RPE? 4 References 11 IV. A game theoretic model: is priming the result of 5 evolutionarily stable strategies? Summary New Phytologist (2013) The rhizosphere priming effect (RPE) is a mechanism by which plants interact with soil functions. doi: 10.1111/nph.12440 The large impact of the RPE on soil organic matter decomposition rates (from 50% reduction to 380% increase) warrants similar attention to that being paid to climatic controls on ecosystem functions.
    [Show full text]
  • Temperature and Soil Management Effects on Carbon Fluxes and Priming Effect Intensity
    Temperature and soil management effects on carbon fluxes and priming effect intensity Raphaël Guttières, Naoise Nunan, Xavier Raynaud, Gérard Lacroix, Sébastien Barot, Pierre Barré, Cyril Girardin, Bertrand Guenet, Jean-Christophe Lata, Luc Abbadie To cite this version: Raphaël Guttières, Naoise Nunan, Xavier Raynaud, Gérard Lacroix, Sébastien Barot, et al.. Tem- perature and soil management effects on carbon fluxes and priming effect intensity. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Elsevier, 2021, 153, pp.108103. 10.1016/j.soilbio.2020.108103. hal-03086435 HAL Id: hal-03086435 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03086435 Submitted on 2 Apr 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Graphical Abstract (for review) Soil Biology & Biogeochemistry - Submitted Manuscript: Confidential Graphical Abstract *Highlights (for review) Highlight 1: Degradability of dead plant matter determines the soil priming effect intensity Highlight 2: Fresh wheat straw induces 800% more CO2 emission from soils than pre-decomposed straw Highlight 3: Temperature controls
    [Show full text]
  • Priming of Leaf Litter Decomposition by Algae Seems of Minor Importance in Natural Streams During Autumn
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Priming of leaf litter decomposition by algae seems of minor importance in natural streams during autumn Arturo Elosegi1*, Angie NicolaÂs2, John S. Richardson2 1 Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain, 2 Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract a1111111111 a1111111111 Allochthonous detritus of terrestrial origin is one of the main energy sources in forested headwater streams, but its poor nutritional quality makes it difficult to use by heterotrophs. It has been suggested that algae growing on this detritus can enhance its nutritional quality and promote decomposition. So far, most evidence of this "priming effectº is derived from OPEN ACCESS laboratory or mesocosm experiments, and its importance under natural conditions is Citation: Elosegi A, NicolaÂs A, Richardson JS unclear. We measured accrual of algae, phosphorus uptake capacity, and decomposition of (2018) Priming of leaf litter decomposition by algae poplar leaves in autumn in open- and closed-canopy reaches in 3 forest and 3 agricultural seems of minor importance in natural streams streams. Chlorophyll a abundance did not change significantly with stream type or with can- during autumn. PLoS ONE 13(9): e0200180. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200180 opy cover, although in some agricultural streams it was higher in open than in closed canopy reaches. Canopy cover did not affect either phosphate uptake capacity or microbial decom- Editor: Miguel Cañedo-ArguÈelles Iglesias, Universitat de Barcelona, SPAIN position. On the other hand, although there was no effect of canopy cover on invertebrate fragmentation rate, a significant interaction between canopy cover and stream suggests Received: June 16, 2018 priming occurs at least in some streams.
    [Show full text]
  • Interactions Between Biochar and Litter Priming: a Three-Source 14C and D13c Partitioning Study
    Soil Biology & Biochemistry 104 (2017) 49e58 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Soil Biology & Biochemistry journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/soilbio Interactions between biochar and litter priming: A three-source 14C and d13C partitioning study * Jun Cui a, d, , Tida Ge b, Yakov Kuzyakov c, Ming Nie d, Changming Fang d, Boping Tang a, Chunlin Zhou a a Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Coastal Saline Soils, Jiangsu Coastal Biological Agriculture Synthetic Innovation Center, Yancheng Teachers' University, Yancheng 224002, PR China b Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, PR China c Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Gottingen,€ 37077 Gottingen,€ Germany d Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China article info abstract Article history: Although it has been separately reported that biochar primes the decomposition of soil organic matter Received 12 July 2016 (SOM) or fresh organic matter, little is known about the simultaneous effects of biochar on SOM versus Received in revised form 13 14 plant litter mineralization. We applied dual C/ C isotopic labels to partition soil CO2 efflux and C pools 18 October 2016 into three sources: SOM, litter and biochar. Biochar made by slow pyrolysis (400 C) of 14C labeled Accepted 18 October 2016 residues of rice (Oryza sativa, C3) and maize (Zea mays, C4) litter were added separately or in combi- nation to a silty Fluvisol with a C3 isotopic signature and incubated at 25 C over a period of 6 months.
    [Show full text]
  • Positive and Negative Carbon Mineralization Priming Effects Among a Variety of Biochar-Amended Soils
    Soil Biology & Biochemistry 43 (2011) 1169e1179 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Soil Biology & Biochemistry journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/soilbio Positive and negative carbon mineralization priming effects among a variety of biochar-amended soils Andrew R. Zimmerman a,*, Bin Gao b, Mi-Youn Ahn c a Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, 241 Williamson Hall, PO Box 112120, Gainesville, FL 32611-2120, USA b Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA c Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, PO Box 110290, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA article info abstract Article history: Pyrogenic carbon (biochar) amendment is increasingly discussed as a method to increase soil fertility Received 28 September 2010 while sequestering atmospheric carbon (C). However, both increased and decreased C mineralization has Received in revised form been observed following biochar additions to soils. In an effort to better understand the interaction of 31 January 2011 pyrogenic C and soil organic matter (OM), a range of Florida soils were incubated with a range of Accepted 3 February 2011 laboratory-produced biochars and CO evolution was measured over more than one year. More C was Available online 18 February 2011 2 released from biochar-amended than from non-amended soils and cumulative mineralized C generally increased with decreasing biomass combustion temperature and from hardwood to grass biochars, Keywords: Biochar similar to the pattern of biochar lability previously determined from separate incubations of biochar Pyrogenic carbon alone. Organic carbon The interactive effects of biochar addition to soil on CO2 evolution (priming) were evaluated by Soil carbon mineralization comparing the additive CO2 release expected from separate incubations of soil and biochar with that Priming actually measured from corresponding biochar and soil mixtures.
    [Show full text]
  • Increased Plant Uptake of Native Soil Nitrogen Following Fertilizer Addition
    Applied Soil Ecology 114 (2017) 105–110 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Applied Soil Ecology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/apsoil Short communication Increased plant uptake of native soil nitrogen following fertilizer addition – not a priming effect? a,b, a,c a a Xiao-Jun Allen Liu *, Kees Jan van Groenigen , Paul Dijkstra , Bruce A. Hungate a Center for Ecosystem Science and Society (Ecoss) and Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA b Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA c Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4 RJ, UK A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Received 11 November 2016 Fertilizer inputs affect plant uptake of native soil nitrogen (N), yet the underlying mechanisms remain Received in revised form 10 March 2017 elusive. To increase mechanistic insight into this phenomenon, we evaluated the effect of fertilizer Accepted 10 March 2017 addition on mineralization (in the absence of plants) and plant uptake of native soil N. We synthesized 43 Available online 21 March 2017 15 isotope tracer ( N) studies and estimated the effects of fertilizer addition using meta-analysis. We found À1 À1 that organic fertilizer tended to reduce native soil N mineralization (À99 kg ha year ; p = 0.09) while Keywords: À1 À1 inorganic fertilizer tended to increase N priming (58 kg ha year ; p = 0.17). In contrast, both organic 15 À À N isotope tracer 1 1 and inorganic fertilizers significantly increased plant uptake of native soil N (179 and 107 kg ha year ).
    [Show full text]
  • Priming of the Decomposition of Ageing Soil Organic Matter: Concentration Dependence and Microbial Control
    Functional Ecology 2015, 29, 285–296 doi: 10.1111/1365-2435.12377 Priming of the decomposition of ageing soil organic matter: concentration dependence and microbial control Johannes Rousk*,1, Paul W. Hill2 and Davey L. Jones2 1Section of Microbial Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; and 2School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University, Bangor, UK Summary 1. The amount of carbon (C) stored in soil is an important regulator for the global climate and soil fertility and is the balance between formation and decomposition of soil organic mat- ter (SOM). Decomposition of SOM can be powerfully affected by labile carbon (C) supple- ments in, for example, the rhizosphere. A stimulation of SOM mineralisation induced by labile C additions is termed ‘priming’, and the mechanisms for this phenomenon remain elusive. 2. The most widely held explanation assigns priming to successional dynamics in r- and K-selected groups within the microbial community; groups which have also been connected with fungal (K-selected) and bacterial (r-selected) decomposers. New evidence has also sug- gested that recently formed SOM is particularly sensitive to priming. We investigated (i) the labile C concentration dependence of SOM mineralisation, (ii) the susceptibility of differently aged SOM to priming and (iii) if priming is due to bacterial or fungal growth dynamics. 3. To create an age gradient of traceable SOM, we spiked a pasture soil using 14C glucose, and subsampled plots 1 day, 2 months, 5 months and 13 months after application (i.e. SOM aged 1day– 13 months). Glucose (0–4000 lgCgÀ1) was added in subsequent laboratory experi- 14 ments, and respiration, SOM mineralisation ( CO2 evolution), bacterial growth rates (leucine incorporation) and fungal biomass (ergosterol) were tracked during ca.
    [Show full text]
  • Dynamics of Labile and Stable Carbon and Priming Effects During
    Waste Management 78 (2018) 880–893 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Waste Management journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/wasman Dynamics of labile and stable carbon and priming effects during composting of sludge and lop mixtures amended with low and high amounts of biochar ⇑ ⇑ Daniel Fischer a, , Gabriel Erben a, Gerald Dunst b, Bruno Glaser a, a Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Agronomy and Nutritional Sciences, Soil Biogeochemistry, von-Seckendorff-Platz 3, D-06120 Halle, Germany b Ecoregion Kaindorf, Sonnenerde GmbH, Oberwarterstraße 100, A-7422 Riedlingsdorf, Austria article info abstract Article history: This study was performed to investigate the effects of biochar amendment on the dynamics of labile and Received 12 October 2017 stable carbon (C) fractions and associated priming effects during composting of sludge and lop mixtures. Revised 29 June 2018 Furthermore, the effect of aerobic composting on biochar stable C composition was analyzed. Accepted 30 June 2018 Low amounts of activated carbon [dosage 0–1.7% w/w] and higher amounts of charcoal [dosage 0–38% w/w] were applied to the organic feedstock mixture in two separated full-scale composting trials under practical field conditions. The results demonstrated that biochar-C was substantially more stable during Keywords: the composting process than compost-derived organic C resulting in a significant enrichment of the Terra preta stable black C fraction in the final product. Furthermore, stability of final products were significantly Biochar compost C balance increased, if more biochar has been initially added prior to composting. However, labile organic C losses C stability were increased (positive priming) if low amounts of activated carbon have been applied, while no short- C sequestration term priming effects could be observed after adding charcoal over a wider application range.
    [Show full text]
  • No Strong Evidence of Priming Effects on the Degradation of Terrestrial Plant Detritus in Estuarine Sediments
    fmars-06-00327 June 14, 2019 Time: 15:49 # 1 BRIEF RESEARCH REPORT published: 14 June 2019 doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00327 No Strong Evidence of Priming Effects on the Degradation of Terrestrial Plant Detritus in Estuarine Sediments Evangelia Gontikaki1,2* and Ursula Witte1* 1 School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom, 2 School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece The occurrence of priming effects (PEs) on the degradation of particulate terrestrial organic matter (OM) (13C-wheat detritus) was studied in marine sediments using phytoplankton detritus as priming inducer. Two scenarios, i.e., single-pulse vs. repetitive deposition of same amounts of algal detritus, were tested in sediment core incubation experiments. In the first case, a single pulse of phytodetritus emulated the sudden large Edited by: Thomas S. Bianchi, input of phytoplanktonic material onto sediments following the decline of spring blooms University of Florida, United States in surface waters, whereas the repetitive deposition of small amounts of algal detritus Reviewed by: represented the low, continuous flow of marine input of either pelagic or benthic origin Christophe Rabouille, 13 UMR8212 Laboratoire des Sciences that remains significant all year round. The mineralization rate of wheat detritus to CO2 du Climat et de l’Environnement in each treatment was measured on days 6, 8, 14, and 20 following the initiation of the (LSCE), France experiment. No evidence of PEs on 13C-wheat mineralization upon the addition of labile Tomoko Komada, San Francisco State University, phytodetritus could be detected in either scenario under the experimental conditions United States employed in this study.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Priming on Global Soil Carbon Stocks Bertrand Guenet1, Marta Camino-Serrano2, Philippe Ciais1, Marwa Tifafi1, Fabienne Maignan1, Jennifer L
    Impact of priming on global soil carbon stocks Bertrand Guenet1, Marta Camino-Serrano2, Philippe Ciais1, Marwa Tifafi1, Fabienne Maignan1, Jennifer L. Soong2, Ivan A. Janssens2 1 Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA- CNRSUVSQ, Universite Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France 2 Department of Biology, Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium Correspondence: Bertrand Guenet, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Universite Paris-Saclay, Gif- sur-Yvette, France. Email: [email protected] Abstract Fresh carbon input (above and belowground) contributes to soil carbon sequestration, but also accelerates decomposition of soil organic matter through biological priming mechanisms. Currently, poor understanding precludes the incorporation of these priming mechanisms into the global carbon models used for future projections. Here, we show that priming can be incorporated based on a simple equation calibrated from incubation and verified against independent litter manipulation experiments in the global land surface model, ORCHIDEE. When incorporated into ORCHIDEE, priming improved the model’s representation of global soil carbon stocks and decreased soil carbon sequestration by 51% (12 ± 3 Pg C) during the period 1901–2010. Future projections with the same model across the range of CO2 and climate changes defined by the IPCC-RCP scenarios reveal that priming buffers the projected changes in soil carbon stocks — both the increases due to enhanced productivity and new input to the soil, and the decreases due to warming-induced accelerated decomposition. Including priming in Earth system models leads to different projections of soil carbon changes, which are challenging to verify at large spatial scales.
    [Show full text]