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Proceedings of the 6Th Australian Space Science Conference Canberra 19-21 July, 2006

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Proceedings of the 6Th Australian Space Science Conference Canberra 19-21 July, 2006 Proceedings of the 6th Australian Space Science Conference Canberra 19-21 July, 2006 Australian Space Science Conference Series 1st Edition Published in Australia in 2007 by National Space Society of Australia Ltd GPO Box 7048 Sydney NSW 2001 Fax: 61 (02) 9988-0262 email: [email protected] website: http://www.nssa.com.au Copyright © 2007 National Space Society of Australia Ltd All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission from the publisher. ISBN 13: 978-0-9775740-0-1 Editor: Wayne Short Distributed on CD-Rom Proceedings of the 6th Australian Space Science Conference, 2006 Page i Page ii Proceedings of the 6th Australian Space Science Conference, 2006 Preface A large number of the presenters at the conference later submitted completed academic papers which form the basis of the conference proceedings. All papers published in these proceedings, have been subject to a peer review process whereby a scholarly judgement by suitable individuals determined if the paper was suitable to be published. In some cases, paper not initially accepted were revised until deemed suitable. The editor would like to give special thanks to those scholars who participated in the peer review process. Finally I would like to thank our sponsors for their support and the Organising Committee for giving generously of their time and efforts. We trust that you will find the 2006 Conference Proceedings enjoyable and informative. Responsibility for the content of each paper lies with its author(s). The publisher(s) also retain copyright over the text. Papers appear in the Conference proceedings with permission of the authors. Wayne Short Chairman, 6th Australian Space Science Conference Deputy Chairman, National Space Society of Australia (NSSA) March 2007 Proceedings of the 6th Australian Space Science Conference, 2006 Page iii Conference Background The Australian Space Science Conference (ASSC) is the focus of scientific cooperation and discussion in Australia on research relating to space. It is a peer reviewed forum for space scientists, engineers, educators and industry. The conference is of relevance to a very broad cross section of the space community, and therefore generates an enlightening and timely exchange of ideas and perspectives. It is set against the backdrop of new opportunities for international collaboration, particularly NASA’s plans to return to the Moon and go on to Mars, and provides a venue to explore how Australian research can fit into these emerging plans and those of other countries. The scope of the conference covers fundamental and applied research that applies to space technologies, and includes the following: • Astronomy & Astrophysics • Astrobiology • Space life sciences • Space vehicles • Microgravity applications • Satellite technologies & applications The 6th ASSC was held in conjunction with the 9th Australian Space Development Conference at the Canberra Hyatt hotel, Australia between July 19 and 21, 2006. The 2006 conference consisted of a series of presentations from various researchers with topics that underline the diversity of endeavours and disciplines that encompass Space Science Research in Australia. A call for papers was issued in February 2006 and researchers were invited to submit abstracts for consideration. A review was initially conducted to ensure only topics relevant to the conference were included. In all, the conference had over 30 presenters. Appendix A has a copy of the full 6th ASSC conference program. Page iv Proceedings of the 6th Australian Space Science Conference, 2006 Table of Contents Using Mars Global Surveyor and Mars Odyssey telemetry to Anania EM, reconstruct the volcano-tectonic history of Phaethontis region, Caprarelli G, pages 1-16 Mars Lake M The Inner Solar System Cataclysm, the Origin of Life, and the Bailey J Return to the Moon pages 17-22 Probing the Atmosphere of Venus using Infrared Spectroscopy Bailey J pages 23-27 Caprarelli G, Pondrelli M, Mars Express High Resolution Stereo Camera: results of Di Lorenzo S, observations of north Tyrrhena Terra, Mars pages 28-43 Marinangeli L, Ori GG, Neukum G Cromarty J, Data Mining Techniques for GAIA Data Processing and Bil C, Analysis pages 44-60 Hill R, Thompson L Held J, Brown I, Mission planning for Space debris Retrieval pages 61-76 Vainstein I Preliminary Graphical and Statistical Analysis of Lunar Iron Jackson N, (FeO) and Titanium (TiO ): Results of Megaregolith and pages 77-99 Carter B 2 Subsurface Investigations Lineweaver C, Estimating the composition of extrasolar terrestrial planets pages 100-108 Robles J Mordech J, Nano-Satellite Design for Inflatable Antenna System Prototype pages 109-116 Thompson L Demonstration Norman M, SpudisP, Why on Earth are we going back to the Moon? pages 117-126 SchmittH, Pieters C Parrot N, Intelligent control of liquid-fuelled bi-propellant premix rocket pages 127-175 Held J motors Robles J, How anomalous is the Sun? pages 176-181 Lineweaver C Ward N R, Reduced Gravity Testing and Research at Queensland pages 182-189 Steinberg T A University of Technology A Conservative, Practical Architecture for Exploration-Focused Willson D, Manned Mars Missions Using Chemical Propulsion, Solar pages 190-215 Clarke J Power, and ISRU. Proceedings of the 6th Australian Space Science Conference, 2006 Page v Page vi Proceedings of the 6th Australian Space Science Conference, 2006 Using Mars Global Surveyor and Mars Odyssey data to reconstruct the volcano-tectonic history of Phaethontis region, Mars. Erin M. Anania 1, Graziella Caprarelli 1, Michael Lake 2 and Di Lorenzo Stefano 3 1 Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia 2 Computational Research Support Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia 3 International Research School of Planetary Sciences, Università d’Annunzio, Viale Pindaro 42, 65127 Pescara, Italy Summary: In this paper we present part of an ongoing study of telemetry data of Phaethontis, a region in the western hemisphere of Mars’s Southern Highlands. In particular, we focus on an approximately 57,000 km2 area in Gorgonum Chaos. We selected THEMIS visual, MOC narrow angle and MOLA data available from the Arizona State University and Malin Space Science Systems web-sites. We carried out multi-level processing of THEMIS and MOC data using the ISIS software, and processed MOLA gridded data by the GMT software. After processing, we input the images into ArcGIS software. We observed, identified and described, both 2- and 3-dimensionally, impact craters, chaotic and polygonal terrains, grabens and gullies. These landforms suggest a complex geological history involving sedimentary and tectonic processes, such as meteoritic impact, the presence of underground water and ice, desiccation or freezing of wet sediments, at least two episodes of extension, and recent aeolian activity. Keywords: Mars, Phaethontis, Gorgonum Chaos, remote sensing, MOLA, MOC, THEMIS, GIS Introduction Mars is the most accessible and hence practical planet of our solar system open to direct scientific study. The understanding and continued study of Mars aids in extending our knowledge of other planetary bodies and systems, the Earth included. By exploring the similarities and differences between the Earth and Mars, facts, knowledge and theories of Earth systems can be applied to similar Martian systems, to either challenge or confirm our understanding. On a larger scale, comparative planetology provides a foundation on which to base different theories and models of planetary evolution, refining our comprehension of the formation and history of our own planet and solar system. The scientific study of Mars has been largely driven by curiosity, and has been mostly conducted by remote sensing. This study aims to reconstruct the geological history of Gorgonum Chaos, in the Phaethontis region of Mars, by identifying, describing, mapping and analysing morphological features of the region. Phaethontis is located in the south-west of the planet, centred on 48°S, 210°E, and defined by latitude 30-65°S and planetocentric longitude 180-240°E (Figure 1). This large region has so far been poorly studied despite the existence of a substantial database for the area. Gorgonum Chaos is located Proceedings of the 6th Australian Space Science Conference, 2006 Page 1 Figure 1. MOLA map of Mars. Major geographical features are indicated. The black box indicates the location of the Phaethontis Quadrant. Gorgonum Chaos is a very small area (not identifiable at the scale of this figure) close to the NW corner of Phaethontis. at latitude 35-40°S and longitude 190-195°E. Based on its proximity to the Tharsis plateau, this study focuses on understanding the volcanic and tectonic features of the region. The abundant gullies, valleys and channels of Gorgonum Chaos have been previously studied primarily in relation to the search for water on Mars [1-3]. To date little attention has been given to considering the volcano-tectonic features and processes of this area. For this study we used data collected by scientific instruments on NASA’s Martian satellites Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) and Mars Odyssey. From MGS, altimetry data from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) and narrow angle images from the Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) were used. From Mars Odyssey, visual images from the Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) were used. Mars Odyssey THEMIS visual images were used as context images for MGS MOC narrow angle images. For consistency, Mars Odyssey THEMIS visual images with resolution of 17m/pixel only were used, and this resolution was chosen as it was the best available resolution for THEMIS data providing the clearest, most detailed description possible of the study area. Again for consistency and detail, MGS MOC narrow angle images with an average resolution of 3m/pixel only were used as this resolution was the best available for the MOC narrow angle images taken in the study area.
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