FINAL REPORT for APN PROJECT Project Reference Number: CBA2010-08NSY-Salinger
- Making a Difference – Sciientiifiic Capaciity Buiilldiing & Enhancement for Sustaiinablle Devellopment iin Devellopiing Countriies
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The following collaborators worked on this project: Dr Jim Salinger, University of Auckland, New Zealand, [email protected]
Professor Alexander Kleischenko, National Institute of Agricultural Meteorology, Russian Federation, [email protected] Dr L S Rathore, Indian Meteorological Department, Imdia, [email protected] Dr Christopher Bartlett, SPC-GTZ, Port Vila, Vanuatu, [email protected] Peter Napwatt, Vanuatu Agricultural College, Luganville, Vanuatu, [email protected]
Project Title
Addressing the Livelihood Crisis for Farmers: Weather and Climate Services for Sustainable Agriculture – Development of Tools
Project Reference Number: CBA2010-08NSY Final Report submitted to APN
©Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research
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OVERVIEW OF PROJECT WORK AND OUTCOMES
Non-technical summary The workshop was developed to take stock of a number of important issues facing the agricultural communities around the world including rising populations with the consequent increase in demand for food; the pressures on the world’s food producers due to climate variability and change, as well as socio-economic conditions; the need to use natural resources productively, but sustainably; and the need within the agriculture communities for increased knowledge and better tools for risk management and adaptation. The workshop was organized into seven technical sessions, and a set of key recommendations were developed and adopted at the fifteenth session of the Commission for Agricultural Meteorology, particularly while prioritizing the future work of the Commission for the upcoming 2011-2013 period. A follow on workshop was held in Luganville, Santo, Vanuatu from 11-13 December 2010 where farmers from each province of Vanuatu met with climate change scientists and agricultural advisers to devise strategies to help cope with climate variability and climate change.
Objectives The present projects main objectives are: 1. To review weather and climate services for the farming community (e.g. climate forecasts for on-farm decisions, climate strategies to adapt to climate, crop/climate planning); 2. To identify current and new ways to implement and/or communicate with appropriate tools for climate products in developing countries and those vulnerable to climate extremes; 3. To evaluate climate change risk management tools for reducing vulnerability to climate; 4. To also develop and assess climate risk management tools in APN developing countries.
Amount received and number years supported The Grant awarded to this project was: US$20,000 for Year 1:
Activity undertaken 1. Arrange for participation of those selected from APN developing countries. 2. Organisation of 26 papers on addressing the livelihood crisis for farmers, and distribution of these on a CD-RoM prior at the workshop. 3. International Workshop, 12-14 July 2010, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. 4. Follow-on workshop, 11-13 December 2010, Luganville, Santo, Vanuatu.
The format of the Belo Horizonte workshop was as follows:
1. Opening Session with keynote addresses.;
2. Seven technical sessions covering different objectives of the workshop. In each session FINAL REPORT FINAL
- there were presentations by invited speakers, each of which were followed by comments from discussants from developing countries;
3. A final session for discussion on the conclusions and recommendations of the workshop. Salinger - Keynote papers and sessions were on:
08NSY 1. Livelihood crisis of farmers – regional perspectives, with particular reference to weather -
and climate risks and uncertainties;
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2. Weather and climate services for the farming community; 3. Provision of weather and climate services to the farming community; 4. Change Adaptation – and a special symposium; 5. Risk management and weather risk insurance strategies and schemes; 6. A farmers’ forum on improving weather and climate services for the farming community; 7. Enhancing Weather and Climate Services for farmers – Policy options.
The follow on workshop in Vanuatu December 2010 to brought together experts, media and farmer users to design strategies to assist agriculture cope with climate variability and change, and to interview Santo farmers on changes they have seen in agricultural production in the last ten years.
Results There are 450 million smallholder farms in the world and several weather and climate issues in the recent years are threatening their very livelihoods. The frequency and intensity of natural disasters such as floods, droughts, tropical cyclones, wild fires and heatwaves have been rising in the recent years. Climate change is very likely contributing to increasingly frequent weather extremes and ensuing natural catastrophes. In order to address the livelihood crisis of farmers, there is an urgent need to increase productivity on their farms. The workshop brought together leading experts in the field who prepared and presented state-of-the-art discussion papers to address the objectives of the workshop. The programme was designed to engage all participants in discussions on topics of their interest to facilitate interactive dialogue and develop appropriate recommendations. The dramatic growth in human population is imposing enormous pressure on existing farming production systems. In addition, farmers are expected to manage the more insidious effects of long-term climate change that may now be occurring at an unprecedented rate. Various weather and climate services for the farming community, communication methods and ways to implement new tools for dissemination of the weather and climate products and services, especially in regions most vulnerable to weather and climate extremes were identified. This provided capacity building in the area of strategies for more targeted weather and climate information and forecasting for increased preparedness to sustainable agricultural development, especially in the Asia-Pacific region, and also assisted policy-makers and civil society in responding effectively to varying weather and climate conditions.
Relevance to the APN Goals and Science Agenda, Scientific Capacity Development and Sustainable Development The provision of better weather and climate services to farmers can help them make better decisions by avoiding or reducing the impact of extreme climatic events on their agricultural production and therefore could lead to positive outcomes for their livelihoods. These services however, need to be properly communicated and disseminated and need the support of policy makers in every country.
The attention of the policy makers to the conclusions and recommendations of the workshop were drawn in the following way: through the Fifteenth Session of the Commission for Agricultural Meteorology of WMO which brought together participants from over 50 countries around the world and met immediately following the workshop. Participants from APN countries were encouraged to promote the linkages between science and policy discussed during the workshop. The workshop also promoted linkages between various national, regional and international institutions participating in the workshop and such linkages are crucial for improving weather and climate services.
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Self evaluation One hundred and thirty four participants from fifty-seven countries participated in the workshop. The workshop developed a set of recommendations to address the livelihood crisis for farmers for user training, liaison and communications; for NMHSs, extension services and partners; research, seasonal climate forecasting for farming communities, roving seminars and policy and cross cutting issues.
The principal recommendations include the following:
1. Develop and enhance two-way dialogue between providers of products and services and the farmers to ensure that user requirements are understood and met (e.g. via RCOFs); face-to-face interaction is critical; 2. Improve information delivery systems, especially for remote areas, through traditional systems (e.g. drums) as well as use of modern tools (e.g. SMS, Internet, e-boards); 3. Further develop the World Agrometeorological Information Service (WAMIS); 4. Establish and maintain an adequate density of high quality meteorological and agrometeorological observing stations, to provide the data necessary for services, products, forecasts, modeling, assessments, insurance, etc., especially in developing countries; 5. Collect/provide data from all relevant sources: e.g. meteorological, agrometeorological, soils, phenology, crop conditions, remote sensing, and agricultural statistics; 6. Strengthen the institutional and technical capacities of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NHMSs), agronomic and agrometeorological research institutions, agricultural extension services and community based organizations (CBOs); 7. Develop localized climate services, products, forecasts and assessments with high spatial and temporal resolution (e.g. mine the long-term records for historical risk/hazard trends and patterns; conduct analysis of meteorological, climatic and crop data; make assessments of the temporal and spatial dimensions of climate impacts; provide forecasts of crop yield, crop growing period, of plant diseases and insect/pests, etc.) 8. Improve the integration of climate, meteorology, and agroclimatology tools with livelihoods zone maps and baselines to improve information on vulnerability to weather and climate phenomena; 9. Study the sensitivity of farm incomes to climate variability and change and the accumulated effects on livelihoods of repeated climate-related impacts over time; 10. Include farmer livelihood assets in climate impacts assessments and in development of response strategies; 11. Mainstream climate information, including seasonal forecasting, into agricultural research and development strategy; 12. Develop the capacity to effectively use existing climate information and demand new information to meet emerging needs; 13. Ensure that farmers and the agricultural sector have ownership and an effective voice in the development of climate information products and services; 14. Ensure that climate services target and foster coordination among an expanded set of
applications of seasonal forecast information, (e.g. coordinating input and credit supply, food FINAL REPORT FINAL
- crisis management, trade, and agricultural insurance). 15. Systematize the dialogue between the technical services and the rural community on weather
and climate and their impacts on the rural activities; Salinger - 16. Establish a more adapted methodology for the realization of these seminars in Regions where
they have not yet been conducted; 08NSY
- 17. Ensure the involvement of media/communications experts;
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18. Develop the concept of weather and climate services as a public good, and ensure adequate funding and mandates to NMHSs to carry this out; 19. Ensure that national policy treats meteorological data as a free public good and a resource for sustainable development across sectors; 20. Foster a philosophy of protection of vulnerable and food-insecure people, the environment, land and water; reduced consumption of energy and natural resources; and development of people’s resilience against climate hazards, to ensure sustainable development; 21. Develop the resolve, urgency and leadership to handle the world’s increasing requirement for food, in a changing world.
Potential for further work The attention of the policy makers to the conclusions and recommendations of the workshop were brought through a summary of the workshop to the Commission for Agricultural Meteorology, and discussions at the Fifteenth Session of the Commission for Agricultural Meteorology of WMO in Brazil, July 2010. A number of WMO projects were developed as a result which focus especially on disaster prevention and management. Specifically, two work programmes are focussing on:
1. Identification of critical areas where agricultural production is sensitive and vulnerable to climate change and variability in different regions, and suggests monitoring strategies for early detection, as well as summarizes coping strategies to climate risks in agriculture. 2. Reviewing the increasing frequency and severity of droughts and extreme temperatures globally, and assessing the current status of monitoring and predicting droughts including the use of drought indices in different regions to improve drought monitoring and prediction.
Participants from APN countries are promoting the linkages between science and policy discussed during the workshop.
Publications (please write the complete citation) http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/agm/meetings/walcs10/walcs10_present.html CD-ROMS, Presentations for the International Workshop were prepared and distributed at the end of the workshop.
References FAO (2009) Crop prospects and Food situation No. 3, July 2009. Sivakumar, M.V.K. and Mothas, R. P. (Eds.) (2007). Managing weather and climate risks in agriculture. Springer, 503 pp. Stone, R. C. And Meinke, H. (2006). Weather, climate and farmers: An overview: Commission for Agricultural Meteorology Special Report. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva CH 1211, Meteorological Applications 13, 1, 7-21. Wilhite, D. A., Sivakumar, M. V.K. and Wood, D.A. (2000). Early warning systems for drought preparedness and drought management. AGM-S, WMO/TD No. 1037, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Acknowledgments Other funding to support attendance at the workshop was provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Météo France, the National Centre for Agricultural Meteorology (NCAM) of Korea and the International Federation of Agricultural Producers (IFAP); and for the Vanuatu workshop from SPC-GTZ Vanuatu and the Vanuatu Agricultural College.
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TECHNICAL REPORT Minimum 15-20 pages (excluding appendix)
Preface The workshop brought together leading experts in the field to prepare and present state-of-the-art discussion papers to address the objectives of the workshop. The programme of the meeting engaged all participants in discussions on topics of their interest to facilitate interactive dialogue and develop appropriate recommendations. The presentations took stock of a number of important issues facing the agricultural communities around the world. Key recommendations were developed and adopted at the fifteenth session of the Commission for Agricultural Meteorology. A follow on workshop was held in Luganville, Santo, Vanuatu from 11-13 December 2010 where farmers from each province of Vanuatu met with climate change scientists and agricultural advisers to devise strategies to help cope with climate variability and climate change.
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Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction 7
2.0 Methodology 8
3.0 Results & Discussion 8 3.1 Belo Horizonte Workshop 8 3.2 Vanuatu Workshop 11 3.3 APN Participants Feedback 12
4.0 Conclusions 14
5.0 Future Directions 15
Appendix
International Workshop on Addressing the Livelihood Crisis for farmers 16 Workshop on improvement of interfaces with Vanuatu farmers 46 Funding Sources Outside APN 49 List of Scientists Supported by APN 50 Glossary of Term 51 Report on Vanuatu Workshop 52
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1.0 Introduction The world population is projected to grow from 6.5 billion today to 8.3 billion in 2030 and nearly 9.2 billion in 2050. All of that growth will be concentrated in developing countries. Global food production will therefore need to increase by more than 50% by 2030, and nearly double by 2050. The latest figures from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) indicate that the cereal stocks-to-utilization ratio in 2008, at 19.6 percent, is at its lowest level in 30 years. The developing countries only recorded an increase of 1.1 percent in cereal production in 2008. In fact, if China, India and Brazil are excluded from the group, production in the rest of the developing world actually fell by 0.8 percent. Agriculture's share of Official Development Assistance fell from 17% in 1980 to 3% in 2006. The international and regional financial institutions saw a drastic reduction in resources allocated to the activity that constitutes the principal livelihood of 70% of the world's poor.
There are 450 million smallholder farms in the world and several issues in the recent years are threatening their very livelihoods. The frequency and intensity of natural disasters including floods, droughts, tropical cyclones, heatwaves and wild fires have been rising in the recent years. In 2008, Cyclone Nargis and Typhoon Fengshen caused significant damage to lives and property and 2008 was the tenth warmest year since the beginning of routine temperature recording and the eighth warmest in the northern hemisphere. The number of tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic in 2008 was much higher than the long-term average, and in terms of both the total number of storms and the number of major hurricanes, 2008 was the fourth most severe hurricane season since reliable data have been available. Climate change is very probably contributing to increasingly frequent weather extremes and ensuing natural catastrophes.
Added to the impacts of increasing natural disasters on agriculture, prices for fertilizer, seeds and animal feed have risen by 98, 72 and 60 percent, respectively since 2006. On average, the FAO input price index doubled in the first four months of 2008, compared to the same period in 2007; US dollar prices of some fertilizers more than tripled. Small subsistence farmers in developing countries are always particularly hard-hit by soaring input prices: they had to pay a lot more for the seeds, fertilizer and diesel they need without being able to benefit from high output prices. After months of rising prices, governments in the developing countries had to draw on their budget reserves and households on their savings.
In order to address the livelihood crisis of farmers, there is an urgent need to increase productivity on their farms. This can only be accomplished through most efficient use of the three natural resources, soil, crop and climate, important for agricultural productivity. The agriculture and water resources sectors are probably the primary users of weather, climate and water information. In many countries, the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs), in partnership with academic and private sector service providers, provide a wide range of information and advisory services, including the following: historical climate data and products; current information (weather,
climate, air quality, streamflow, etc.); weather, climate, air quality, and river forecasts; warning services (for all forms of meteorological, hydrological and oceanographic hazards); projections and scenarios of future human-induced climate change; and scientific advice and investigations. In order to meet the food, fodder, fibre and renewable agri-energy needs of rapidly growing populations,
FINAL REPORT FINAL especially in developing countries, information generated by the NMHSs is a vital element for - ensuring the sustainable use of natural resources.
Salinger
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countries, in particular the least developed countries, of the available and potential weather and 08NSY
- climate services. In addition there is a lack of capacities and specialized competencies in NMHSs of
developing countries to deliver timely and relevant services in order to better meet the needs of the
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farming community. Projections of climate change and climate variability have generated a growing sense of urgency for continued but closer collaboration and engagement between the farming community and NMHSs in the development of products and services; improved communication and coordination in the development, use, assessment and improvement of these products; and the development of partnerships between climate and water scientists to improve water management and water use efficiency to manage events such as droughts and floods.
It is with this background that WMO, the Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET), Brazil, FAO, and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) organized, along with several other co- sponsors, an International Workshop on Addressing the Livelihood Crisis of Farmers: Weather and Climate Services. The workshop was held from 12 to 14 July 2010 in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, in conjunction with the 15th Session of the Commission for Agricultural Meteorology of WMO.
The main aims were: 1. To review weather and climate services for the farming community (e.g. climate forecasts for on-farm decisions, climate strategies to adapt to climate, crop/climate planning); 2. To identify current and new ways to implement and/or communicate with appropriate tools for climate products in developing countries and those vulnerable to climate extremes; 3. To evaluate climate change risk management tools for reducing vulnerability to climate. Weather and climate can be some of the biggest risk factors impacting on farming performance and management.
2.0 Methodology Thirty three papers were presented. One hundred and thirty four participants from fifty-seven countries participated in the workshop (Appendix 4). The program of the workshop was covered in seven technical sessions with the following topics: Livelihood crisis of farmers – regional perspectives, with particular reference to weather and climate risks and uncertainties; weather and climate services for the farming community; provision of weather and climate services to the farming community; climate change adaptation – a special symposium; risk management and weather risk insurance strategies and schemes; farmers’ forum on improving weather and climate services for the farming community; and enhancing weather and climate services for farmers – policy options. From these sessions conclusions and recommendation were developed and presented in the final plenary session.
3.0 Results & Discussion A number of useful recommendations were developed by the workshop address the livelihood crisis for farmers in six different areas.
3.1 Belo Horizonte Workshop 3.1.1 User liaison/training/communications: 1. Develop and enhance two-way dialogubetween providers of products and services and the farmers to ensure that user requirements are understood and met (e.g. via RCOFs); face-to-face interaction is critical;
2. Improve information delivery systems, especially for remote areas, through traditional systems FINAL REPORT FINAL
(e.g. drums) as well as use of modern tools (e.g. SMS, Internet, e-boards); - 3. Further develop the World Agrometeorological Information Service (WAMIS);
4. Improve capacity building, knowledge and awareness amongst agricultural communities; Salinger 5. Enhance outreach; -
6. Promote networking between farmers and relevant user sectors (e.g., water resources); 08NSY 7. Develop targeted capacity building initiatives as an essential component of the communication -
process;
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8. Extend to other countries the success of Mali in increasing the budget and recognition for the NMHSs through improved relationship with and services to the agricultural communities; 9. Introduce appropriate agrometeorological concepts to primary and secondary schools for students` awareness and further dissemination; 10. Develop training modules for vocational agriculture training institutes and integrate them into farmer training programmes, for `Train-the-Trainer` accreditation.
3.1.2 NMHSs, Extension Services and Partners: 1. Establish and maintain an adequate density of high quality meteorological and agrometeorological observing stations, to provide the data necessary for services, products, forecasts, modeling, assessments, insurance, etc., especially in developing countries; 2. Collect/provide data from all relevant sources: e.g. meteorological, agrometeorological, soils, phenology, crop conditions, remote sensing, and agricultural statistics; 3. Strengthen the institutional and technical capacities of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NHMSs), agronomic and agrometeorological research institutions, agricultural extension services and community based organizations (CBOs); 4. Develop localized climate services, products, forecasts and assessments with high spatial and temporal resolution (e.g. mine the long-term records for historical risk/hazard trends and patterns; conduct analysis of meteorological, climatic and crop data; make assessments of the temporal and spatial dimensions of climate impacts; provide forecasts of crop yield, crop growing period, of plant diseases and insect/pests, etc.); 5. Improve weather and climate information and products (e.g. user-friendly formats, explanations of probabilistic outputs, more skilful and timely predictions) and their delivery mechanisms to suit the capacities of the broad range of farmers; 6. Conduct capacity building activities to develop a mechanism to integrate data from Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) with Geographical Information Systems (GIS); 7. Promote the use of weather index insurance; monitor and evaluate insurance products, and to continually improve these, to increasingly address the needs of the farmers; 8. Promote best practices in the use of climate information in agricultural decisions; 9. Strengthen agrometeorological extension services for increased interpretation of weather and climate information for agricultural users, adapted to local conditions and tailored to farmers’ needs; 10. Increase collaboration between the agriculture, weather, climate and water resources communities; 11. Explore the use of agroclimatic zoning for use in crop insurance systems and in setting crop security policies; 12. Collect and disseminate examples of best practices in agrometeorological and agroclimatological services, to promote their implementation broadly, where applicable; 13. Encourage NMHSs to monitor and evaluate insurance products, and continually improve these, to address the needs of the farmers; 14. In addition to provision of raingauges to farmers, also provide thermometers for monitoring both rain and temperature, in support of better agricultural modelling and agroclimatic zoning exercises;
15. Explore the concept of National Climate Services, including all relevant partners, with a FINAL REPORT FINAL
- coordinated approach to user communities, and the policy changes that will foster this integrated approach;
16. Build strong relationships between service providers and researchers, so that achievements of Salinger - research can be quickly applied, to benefit farmers and increase food production;
17. Develop an approach for provision of services to the agricultural community for special 08NSY - circumstances of recovery from crisis (e.g. war, major hazards, etc.).
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3.1.3 Research: 1. Improve the integration of climate, meteorology, and agroclimatology tools with livelihoods zone maps and baselines to improve information on vulnerability to weather and climate phenomena; 2. Study the sensitivity of farm incomes to climate variability and change and the accumulated effects on livelihoods of repeated climate-related impacts over time; 3. Include farmer livelihood assets in climate impacts assessments and in development of response strategies; 4. Enhance agroclimatic characterization using GIS; 5. Transfer scientific advances into operational and practical applications; 6. Through interaction with humanitarian, Disaster Risk Reduction, development and other key stakeholders, develop and apply tools for practical applications of risk management strategies including disaster risk reduction and preparedness; 7. Improve the models, GCMs, and resultant forecasts.
3.1.4 Seasonal Forecasts for Farming Community: 1. Mainstream climate information, including seasonal forecasting, into agricultural research and development strategy; 2. Develop the capacity to effectively use existing climate information and demand new information to meet emerging needs; 3. Ensure that farmers and the agricultural sector have ownership and an effective voice in the development of climate information products and services; 4. Ensure that climate services target and foster coordination among an expanded set of applications of seasonal forecast information, (e.g. coordinating input and credit supply, food crisis management, trade, and agricultural insurance); 5. Realign National Meteorological Services, if necessary, and ensure they are resourced and trained to be providers of services for development and as participants in the development process; 6. Ensure that Regional Climate Outlook Forums (RCOFs) are more relevant to agricultural users by having users assist in the design of COF process, COF timing and products.
3.1.5 Roving Seminars: 1. Systematize the dialogue between the technical services and the rural community on weather and climate and their impacts on the rural activities; 2. Establish a more adapted methodology for the realization of these seminars in Regions where they have not yet been conducted; 3. Ensure the involvement of media/communications experts; 4. Expand the program (beyond the roving seminars) to include a systematic weather, climate and crop monitoring component in the vulnerable regions;
5. Carry out surveys on local traditional knowledge and how it can complement the information system.
3.1.6 Policy and cross-cutting issues:
1. Develop the concept of weather and climate services as a public good, and ensure adequate REPORT FINAL - funding and mandates to NMHSs to carry this out;
2. Ensure that national policy treats meteorological data as a free public good and a resource for Salinger sustainable development across sectors; -
3. Foster a philosophy of protection of vulnerable and food-insecure people, the environment, land 08NSY
and water; reduced consumption of energy and natural resources; and development of people’s -
resilience against climate hazards, to ensure sustainable development;
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4. Develop the resolve, urgency and leadership to handle the world’s increasing requirement for food, in a changing world; 5. Encourage Governments to appropriately invest in the establishment and maintenance of high density networks of high quality meteorological stations; 6. Develop the required policy initiatives to foster the paradigm shift in agriculture from productivity to sustainability; 7. Foster new and innovative models of cooperation and partnerships among UN agencies, international, regional, and national institutions; 8. Develop improved adaptation strategies in a timely manner to ensure resilient agricultural systems; 9. Promote strategies for climate change mitigation for agricultural systems; 10. Place priority on mechanisms of compensation to small farmers for environmental services that they provide; 11. Promote the need for inclusion of both agriculture and agrometeorology curricula in all agricultural training institutes.
The workshop and the conference website with presentations are at:
http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/agm/meetings/walcs10/walcs10_present.html
This website contains links to introductory note and the workshop brochure, lists the co-sponsors and has pdfs of the presentations.
CD-ROMS
Draft papers for the International Workshop were distributed after the workshop.
3.2 Vanuatu workshop A follow up workshop was held from 11-13th December 2010 in Luganville, Santo in Vanuatu. This was to improve the interface between Vanuatu farmers, experts and climate change. The report of this workshop is in Appendix 5.
While climate change can have extreme consequences, the scientific evidence shows that there are actions that local communities and local farmers today can take to minimize impacts. This workshop focused on the positive actions that Vanuatu’s agricultural community can implement to ensure the maintenance of livelihoods and food security. Vanuatu farmers from six provinces worked together with scientists to form climate change adaptation strategies to suit local conditions in their communities and islands. This unique local climate change adaptation knowledge was captured in radio, video and television segments that are being disseminated around the islands and the world for people to view.
The workshop brought together climate change, agricultural and media experts with the goal of empowering indigenous communities to develop their own creative solutions that acknowledge and treasure local traditions.
FINAL REPORT FINAL - Objectives included:
1. To strengthen and institutionalize the relationships among climate change and agricultural Salinger
- experts, the media and farmers;
2. To improve communication and information dissemination about climate change and adaptation 08NSY
- in agriculture;
3. To develop and formalize the systematic collection of data on and monitoring of climate impacts
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on and adaptive strategies for agriculture; 4. To produce a 10 minute radio segment targeted at users on El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) awareness and adaptation strategies; 5. To produce a 3-4 minute video segment targeted at the international community for awareness on the issue of climate variability, change and adaptation in Vanuatu; 6. To generate public and media interest and the dissemination of print articles on the event; 7. To provide communities the understanding and ability to create their own multimedia stories.
3.3 APN Participants Feedback Feedback from the participants outlining their fields of interest and how the conference was valuable for their career agendas, especially for networking and capacity building is summarised below.
Dr Zhenlin CHEN Sponsored by the APN, and as Director-General of the Department of Emergency response, Disaster Mitigation and Public Services, China Meteorological Administratio (CMA) in I participated in the workshop. A presentation was made on public meteorological service delivery and disaster risk management for the farming community of China. The presentation was strongly echoed by participants. The financial support by APN was acknowledged and highly appreciated during the session.
Much was learned from the informative workshop. After attending the workshop, valuable experiences of other countries were gained for the meteorological and agricultural community in China. Another presentation was made on the outcomes of the workshop at a regular forum of CMA, and proposed a set of recommendations on how to enhance public services to farmers’ community for the purpose of both improving income and reducing natural disaster risk. Discussions were also organized on integrating climate and weather services in CMA in order to better serve the agricultural production and climate change adaptation. More efforts will be made by CMA to implement the follow-up actions of the workshop.
Mr Azhar ISHAK The workshop has achieved it objectives especially in knowing what is the farmers (farmers representation feedback from India and Australia) expectation on weather and climate risks and uncertainties at their farm level. They need timely information and accurate on weather and climate forecasts to facilitate on-farm operational decisions. Various weather and climate services such as agro-meteorological monitoring, agro-meteorological adaptation strategies to cope with climate change and agro-climatic zoning for crop planning that presented by the speakers during the workshop has given us in depth knowledge on how the services if necessary could be implemented to our farmers. The objective to review and summarize the current means of communication of various weather and climate services to the farming community was also been discussed and very
good suggestions were given in term of ways and means to implement tools for dissemination of the weather and climate products and services.
The workshop has enhanced my knowledge in knowing what actually the farmers expectation and
what information should be given to them in order to enhance the productivity of crops on their FINAL REPORT FINAL farms. At this juncture, the example of products to farmers given by the developed countries during - the workshop can be used to suit it with our farmers requirement but with some methodology
adjustment. Salinger -
The climate change risk management in adapting strategic plans to reduce the potential impacts of 08NSY
climate change for farmers has been deeply discussed. These strategies plans are being -
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implemented to some extent in our country. The use of weather risk insurance strategies and schemes to reduce the vulnerability of the farming communities to weather and climate risks is very new to Malaysia. Most of the time the government provides subsidies to farmers in the event of weather deterioration such as flood and drought.
Information and advisory services on agro-meteorological products to farmers need to be improved. Farmers need accurate, timely, reliable information / weather forecast which are easy to understand. Agro-climatic zoning for crop planning by farmers and stake holders is being updated in web based GIS approaches covering the whole country of Malaysia. It is expected to complete by early 2012. Closer collaboration between the farming community and NMHS for Malaysia need to be done to help them in term of providing various range of information and advisory services information. We realize that there is a communication gap between farmers at the grass root and the agro-meteorologist. Their comments and useful feedback of our products could help us to give better information.
The use of weather risk insurance strategies and schemes to reduce the vulnerability of the farming communities to weather and climate risks need to be highlighted in details. The participation of Malaysia under the APN funding has helped us in term of knowledge enhancement gained to improved our services to farmers on the likelihood crises of weather and climate.
Prof Alexander KLESHCHENKO The content of the reports presented on the workshop and the speeches of the participants completely correspond to the objectives of the workshop. There are a lot of ideas and information which are of the great importance for me.
As I am the Director of the National Institute on Agricultural Meteorology the received information will be disseminated within the Russian Federal service of Hydrometeorology and Environment Monitoring as well as the agro-meteorologists of the country.
New indices concerning the agricultural insurance will be tested in our institute and in some insurance companies, and if the results are positive these will be included in the corresponding documents. The international workshop recommendations will be translated into Russian and these recommendations are to be sent to all regional bodies of the Russian Federal service of Hydrometeorology and Environment Monitoring. The main ideas of the international workshop about providing farmers and other agricultural workers with weather and climate information are to be presented at the regional workshops and meetings of farmers, agricultural producers and agro- meteorologists throughout the country as well as the corresponding the annual meetings held by our institute. Some changes resulting from the international workshop are to be made in the web- based agricultural and agro-meteorological system developed in our institute. The system provide farmers in some regions with relevant information.
Ms Nelly RIAMA to identify and assess the weather and climate risks and uncertainties in different regions of the world which affect the livelihoods of farmers; review and summarize various weather and climate
services for the farming community; review climate change risk management in adapting strategic FINAL REPORT FINAL - plans to reduce the potential impacts of climate change for farmers; asses through appropriate case
studies, the use of weather risk insurance strategies and schemes to reduce the vulnerability of the Salinger
- farming communities to weather and climate risks; obtain feedback from farmers from different regions of the world on the extent to which current weather and climate services assist them in
08NSY coping with various weather and climate risks and enhance the productivity of crops on their farms;
-
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and to discuss and recommend suitable policy options to enhance weather and climate services for the farming community in different parts of the world.
The workshop enhanced my knowledge on appropriate services and technologies for farming communities in adaptation of climate change and weather risk; obtain higher consideration on policy options to enhance weather and climate services for farming; extended of networking to the international community of people who deals with weather and climate related to agriculture sector; and now developed stronger community network.
Vulnerability and resilience vary widely around the world, so Indonesia must consider the appropriate policy and strategy to cope the situation to support the farmers ; use lessons learnt to enhance the dialogue between providers and users of climate-relevant information so the information can understand and reach the users in appropriate time; and consider early warnings and use agrometeorological services to play a key role in reducing disaster risks and improving the living standards. Communication to all stakeholders which deal with farming community at all levels (regional to international) will be activated; more involvement on studies or research of weather and climate services for farming related with adaptation and mitigation of climate change will occur; and facilitation of changing the system of information dissemination to fulfil the need of farmers who require accurate, understandable and easy to access site-specific information, delivered in a systematic and timely manner will be commenced.
More workshops or meeting to improve capacity building, knowledge and awareness amongst agricultural communities are required; and promotion of networking between farming communities including scientist, government official and other sector related like water sector. Increased synoptic and agrometeorological station densities, especially in developing countries are required, and the extension to other countries of the success of others in increasing the budget and recognition for the NMHSs through improved relationship with and services to the agricultural communities. There also needs to be further development of strategies for climate change mitigation for agricultural systems.
4.0 Conclusions The main aims were: 1. To review weather and climate services for the farming community (e.g. climate forecasts for on-farm decisions, climate strategies to adapt to climate, crop/climate planning); 2. To identify current and new ways to implement and/or communicate with appropriate tools for climate products in developing countries and those vulnerable to climate extremes; 3. To evaluate climate change risk management tools for reducing vulnerability to climate. Weather and climate can be some of the biggest risk factors impacting on farming performance and management.
The Belo Horizonte workshop concluded that agrometeorological products are valuable to farmers
and national economies because agriculture is always sensitive to climate and there is unmet demand for climate information in all countries. Despite the advances made in improving weather and climate forecasts, the application of these products at the field level has not been “up to the mark” because of the lack of effective contact between the providers of weather and climate
information and farming communities. There remains a need for greater interaction with the FINAL REPORT FINAL farming community to ensure greater agricultural productivity, the National Meteorological and -
Hydrological Services (NMHSs) have not been allocating adequate resources to meet this need. Salinger
- The Vanuatu workshop successfully empowered local farmers and technical experts to understand
and use video and radio broadcast products to communicate messages from the Vanuatu 08NSY -
Meteorological Service and Ministry Agricultural and Rural Development on climate variability and
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impacts on agriculture. This initiative needs to be maintained and facilities made available for growers and technical experts to develop further video clips and radio stories in Bislama that can be taken around the provinces.
Growers collectively had a lot of knowledge about climate, water and crop management, but that this information needs to be gleaned to facilitate widespread implementation of such knowledge. They felt that Government and overseas donors could assist in the development and resourcing of such groups.
Farmers also need improved communication about future climate events in non technical language. It was recommended that a monthly climate update be prepared for radio or local newspaper. This could also be disseminated as SMS text messages.
It was also suggested that local schools could be involved in education on climate, and that at least rain gauges could be installed and monitored as part of a network of stations around the islands. Students might also be encouraged to develop monitoring products for local communities.
Local media are should be encouraged to seek stories on climate and agriculture from Government departments and local growers on a regular basis, and run these in Bislama.
5.0 Future Directions The attention of the policy makers to the conclusions and recommendations of the workshop were brought through a summary of the workshop to the Commission for Agricultural Meteorology, and discussions at the Fifteenth Session of the Commission for Agricultural Meteorology of WMO in Brazil, July 2010. A number of WMO projects will be developed as a result which focus especially on disaster prevention and management. Specifically, two work programmes focusing on:
1. Identification of critical areas where agricultural production is sensitive and vulnerable to climate change and variability in different regions, and suggest monitoring strategies for early detection, as well as summarize coping strategies to climate risks in agriculture. 2. Reviewing the increasing frequency and severity of droughts and extreme temperatures globally, and assessing the current status of monitoring and predicting droughts including the use of drought indices in different regions to improve drought monitoring and prediction. Participants from APN countries are promoting the linkages between science and policy discussed during the workshop.
From the Vanuatu workshop the videos prepared will be taken around the provinces to farmers meetings so as to impart knowledge on strategies for agriculture to adapt to
climate variability and change for more sustainable agriculture production.
References FAO (2009) Crop prospects and Food situation No. 3, July 2009.
Sivakumar, M.V.K. and Mothas, R. P. (Eds.) (2007). Managing weather and climate risks FINAL REPORT FINAL - in agriculture. Springer, 503 pp.
Stone, R. C. And Meinke, H. (2006). Weather, climate and farmers: An overview: Salinger - Commission for Agricultural Meteorology Special Report. World Meteorological
Organization, Geneva CH 1211, Meteorological Applications 13, 1, 7-21.
08NSY
-
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Wilhite, D. A., Sivakumar, M. V.K. and Wood, D.A. (2000). Early warning systems for drought preparedness and drought management. AGM-S, WMO/TD No. 1037, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
REPORT FINAL -
Salinger -
08NSY -
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Appendix
Conferences/Symposia/Workshops
1. International Workshop on Addressing the Livelihood Crisis of Farmers: Weather and Climate Services Belo Horizonte, Brazil 12–14 July 2010
PROGRAMME
MONDAY, 12 JULY 2010 08:00 - 09:30 hrs Registration at Minascentro 09:30 hrs Welcome Antonio Divino Moura Permanent Representative of Brazil with WMO 09:35 hrs Address Jim Salinger President, Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM) of WMO 09:45 hrs Address Mannava Sivakumar Director, Climate Prediction and Adaptation Branch World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Switzerland 09:55 hrs Address Pedro Arraes President, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) 10:05 hrs Keynote Address Ajay Vashee President, International Federation of Agricultural Producers (IFAP) 10:20 hrs Workshop Opening Address Gilman Viana Rodrigues Secretary of Agricultre, Minas Gerais State 10:35 hrs Vote of Thanks Luiz Claudio Costa R ector, Federal University of Viçosa, Brazil 10:45 hrs Group Photograph and Tea/Coffee Break 11:15 hrs Livelihood Crisis of Farmers – Overview Michele Bernardi FAO
11:45 hrs Perspectives from Africa – Adaptation to Uncertainty due to
Climate and Other Changes Sue Walker University of Free State, South Africa
12:15 hrs Perspectives from Asia – Public Meteorological Service Delivery FINAL REPORT FINAL - and Disaster Risk Management for the farming Community of China Zhenlin Chen
Chinese Meteorological Administration, China Salinger - 12:45 hrs Lunch
14:00 hrs Perspectives from South America 08NSY - Luiz Claudio Costa
Federal University of Viçosa, Brazil
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14:30 hrs Perspectives from North America, Central America and the Caribbean Harlan Shannon and Ray Motha United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), USA 15:00 hrs Perspectives from Australia and the South-West Pacific Roger Stone University of Southern Queensland, Australia 15:30 hrs Tea/Coffee Break 16:00 hrs Perspectives from Europe Federica Rossi National Research Council (CNR), Italy 16:30 hrs Discussion 17:00 hrs Adjournment 18:00 hrs Workshop Reception
TUESDAY, 13 JULY 2010 08:30 hrs Short, Medium and Extended Range Weather Forecasts for the Farming Community Biswajit Mukhopadhyay India Meteorological Department, India 09:00 hrs Seasonal to Inter-Annual Climate Forecasts and their Applications in Agriculture James Hansen International Research Institute (IRI), USA 09:30 hrs Agrometeorological Monitoring and Forecasts for Pest and Disease Control Simone Orlandini University of Florence, Italy 10:00 hrs Agroclimatic Zoning for Crop Planning Orivaldo Brunini Agronomic Institute, Agrometeorology Information Center (CIIAGRO ), Brazil 10:30 hrs Tea/Coffee Break 11:00 hrs Climate Services for the Farming Sector Mannava Sivakumar World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Switzerland 11:30 hrs Discussion 12:00 hrs Lunch 13:30 hrs Meeting Farmers Needs for Agrometeorological Services – Overview and Case Studies
Kees Stigter Agromet Vision, Netherlands 14:00 hrs Roving Seminars for Farmers on Weather, Climate and Agriculture in West Africa: Means for Adaptation to Climate Variability and
Climate Change FINAL REPORT FINAL Daouda Diarra - National Meteorological Service, Mali
14:30 hrs Roving Seminars for Farmers on Weather and Climate: India and Salinger - Sri Lanka
Vasiraju Radhakrishna Murthy 08NSY
Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU), India -
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15:00 hrs Training of Trainers on Weather and Climate Information and Products for Agricultural Extension Services in Ethiopia Robert Stefanski World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Switzerland 15:30 hrs Tea/Coffee Break 16:00 hrs New Tools for Disseminating Weather and Climate Products and Services Byong Lee Korea Meteorological Administration, Republic of Korea 16:30 hrs Discussion 17:00 hrs Adjournment 18:00 hrs Reducing Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Farmers Jim Salinger and Zhai Panmao University of Auckland, New Zealand and China Meteorological Administration, China 18:30 hrs Water Management Strategies for Climate Change Adaptation Helvecio M. Saturnino and Lineu Rodrigues Brazilian National Committee for ICID 19:00 hrs Role of Extension Services in helping Farmers Cope with Climate Change Alysson Paulinelli Brazil 19:30 hrs Vulnerability, Disasters and Social Protection Aspects of Climate Change Adaptation Carlo Scaramella World Food Programme (WFP), Italy 20:00 hrs Discussion 20:30 hrs Adjournment
WEDNESDAY, 14 July 2010 08:30 hrs Weather Risk Insurance for Small Farmers in Malawi Adams Chavula Malawi Meteorological Service, Malawi 09:00 hrs Potential for Weather Index Insurance for Risk Management Richard Choularton World Food Programme (WFP), Italy 09:30 hrs Discussion 10:00 hrs Tea/Coffee Break 10:30 hrs Perspectives from Farmers around the World 12:00 hrs General Discussion
12:30 hrs Lunch 13:30 hrs Policy Options for coping with Agrometeorological Risks and Uncertainties Paulo Afonso Romano
Government of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil FINAL REPORT FINAL - 14:00 hrs Ensuring Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS)
for Farming Communities around the World Salinger
- R. S. Paroda Asia Pacific Association of Agricultural Research Institutions
08NSY (APAARI) -
14:30 hrs Panel Discussion on GFCS
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Mr Michel Jarraud (WMO); A.D. Moura (Brazil); R.S. Paroda (India); Mama Konate (Mali); Michele Bernardi (FAO); Carlo Scaramella (WFP); Sid Plant (Farmers Representative South West Pacific) 16:00 hrs Tea/Coffee Break 16:30 hrs Addressing the Livelihood Crisis of Farmers: Workshop Summary and Recommendations Mannava Sivakumar, Jim Salinger and Luis Claudio Costa World Meteorological Organization, Switzerland; University of Auckland, New Zealand and Federal University of Viçosa, Brazil 17:00 hrs Discussion 17:20 hrs Vote of Thanks on behalf of Co-Convenors Mannava Sivakumar World Meteorological Organization, Switzerland 17:30 hrs Vote of Thanks from Host Country Luiz Claudio Costa Federal University of Viçosa, Brazil 17:40 hrs Workshop closure Gilman Viana Rodrigues Secretary of Agriculture Minas Gerais State
Final list of participants
Algeria
Mr Negri Cherif Institut National des Sols de l’Irrigation et du Drainage Rue Pasteur BP 148 Oued Smar Tel: 00213 21825457 Fax: 00213 21 825739 Email: negridz
Argentina
Mrs Liliana Nomei Nunez National Meteorological Service 25 de mayo 658 Buenos Aires Argentina Tel: 005411 51 676767- 18270 Fax: 005411 51676711 Email: lnunez
FINAL REPORT FINAL
Mr Leonel Plugel - IPS NOTICIAS
Salinger Mr Roberto Angel Seiler -
Universidad de Rio Cuzato 08NSY Rutznac 36, km 601 -
Rio Cuzato-CBZ
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Argentina Tel: 0054 358 4676191 Email: rseiler
Armenia
Mrs Valentina Grigoryan Armstatehydromet 54 Leo Street Yerevan 0002 Armenia Tel. +37477017010 Fax: +37410 532952 Email: valent_g2000
Australia
Mr Perry Robert Wiles Bureau of Meteorology, GPO Box 1289 (700 Collins St) Melbourne VIC 3001 Tel: +61 3 96694664 Fax:+61 411 11 2950 Email:p.wiles
Mr Sid Plant Samarai Farming Co. Tel: +37259422286 Email:samarai1
Mr Roger Stone ACSC, University of Southern Queensland West Street, Toowoomba Australia, 4350 Tel: +61 746 312 736 Mobile: +680 437349168 Email: roger.stone
Mr Vernon Carr Bureau of Meteorology, GPO Box 1289
(700 Collins St) Melbourne VIC 3001 Tel: +61 3 96694546 Fax:+61 422 899223
Email:v.carr
Bahamas Salinger
- Dr Kenneth Richardson
08NSY Ministry of Agriculture and Marine Resources -
Dept of Agriculture
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PO Box N3028 Nassau Bahamas Tel: +242 361 4370 Mobile:+242 424 9166 Fax:+242 341 0271 Email: kvarichardson
Bhutan
Mr Tashi Samdup Council for RNR Research of Bhutan P.O Box 119 CORRB Ministry of Agriculture and Forests Thimphu Bhutan Tel: +975 325 801 Mobile: +975 17114221 Fax. +975-2- 322504 Email: tashi_samdup2001
Bolivia
Mr Edgar Imana Servicio Nacional de Meterorologia e Hydrologia San Isidro bajo calle 4 No. 398 Oficina Calle Buene 585 La Paz Bolivia Tel: 00591 2 2200433 Mobile: +591 606 56144 Fax: +591 2 2392413 Email: edgaimana
Brazil
Mr Marco Tulio Silva Araujo INMET Tel: 31 3291 1502
Mobile: 31 9725 1307 Email: marco.silva
Mrs Ana Claudia Albanez
EMATER MG FINAL REPORT FINAL Belo Horizonte MG - Email: aclaudia
Salinger - Mr Amarildo Kalil
Secretaria de Estado de Agricultura, Irrigacao e Abastecimento 08NSY
Adress : Rua Claudio Manoel, 1205. Funcionarios -
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Belo Horizonte MG Tel: 31 3215 6580 Mobile: 31 9737 8324
Mrs Miriam Pederneiras ONG Corpo Cidadao
Mrs Magda Luzimar de Abreu Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) Departamento de Geografia Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha Belo Horizonte - MG Tel: 31 34096233 Mobile:+3198145008 Email: magda
Mr Alysson Paolinelli Brazil
Mrs Sandra Caires Saboia Grupo Pão de Açúcar E-mail : sandra.caires
Mr Almir José Rebho Oliveira Clube Amigos da Terra do Plantio Direto Tupanciretá - RS Tel: Mobile: E-mail: almirjro
Mr Frederico Franz Lopes Bastos CIB Conselho de Informações sobre Biotecnologia Tel: +11 8011 61 16 Mobile: +11 5504 8236 E-mail: frederico.franz
Mr Fernando Lemos Adress: Rodovia LMG KM 18 – UFV Campus Universitário Florestal Viçosa - MG
Tel.: +31 9317 1769 Mobile: +31 3536 3396 E-mail: cflemos
Mrs Cintia Melo Primo FINAL REPORT FINAL - Ecologist Journalist
Tel.: +31 3481 7755 Salinger
- Mobile: +31 9163 6522 E-mail: cintiaibeco
08NSY -
Mrs Silvana Louback
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Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia E-mail: silvana.louback
Mr Milton Nogueira Adress: Rua Tomé de Souza, n° 300. Belo Horizonte - MG Mobile: +31 8828 3225 E-mail: nogueiramilton
Mrs Vívian Nunes Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) Av. PHRolfs, s/ n Campus Universitário. Ed. Artur Bernardes Viçosa - MG Tel: +31 3899 2142 Mobile: +31 8791 9922 E-mail:vivian.nunes
Mr Francisco E. Sobreiro UFV Rua Leopoldina, n° 187, apto 201. E-mail: sobreiro
Mrs Natalia Renato Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola da UFV. Av. PHRolfs, s/ n, Centro Universitário. Viçosa-MG Mobile : +31 8707 2713 E-mail : natalia.renato
Mr Graziela Sant’Ana Reis Journalist Address: Av. Getúlio Vargas, 291. Funcionários Belo Horizonte - MG Tel : +31 3263 5138 E-mail : graziela.reis
Mrs Rômula Fernandes da Silva Mobile: +31 9318 7276 E-mail: rosfero
Mr Helvecio Mattana Saturnino Presidente da ABID (National C. OFICID) r. Sergipe 1313 Apt. No. 504
30130-171 Belo Horizonte, MG FINAL REPORT FINAL Mobile:+31 99 76 7890 - Email:helecio
Salinger - Mr Paulo H. Lopes Gonçalves
Estudante de Doutorado da UFV 08NSY
Mobile: +31 9252 3387 -
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E-mail: paulo.lopes
Mrs Luciana Cristina de Sousa Vieira Estudante de Mestrado da UFV Mobile: +31 9417 3750 E-mail: anjof15
Mr Antônio Divino Moura INMET – Eixo Monumental Via 51 CEP: 70680-900 Brasília - DF Tel: +61 3344 3333 E-mail: diretor.inmet
Mr Maurício Petenusso Engenheiro da Itambé Mobile: +31 9301 1181 E-mail: mauricio.petenusso
Mr Evandro Chaves de Oliveira UFV Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola - UFV Viçosa-MG Mobile: +31 9353 8068 E-mail: evandro.chaves
Mr Marcelo Franco Secretaria d’Estado de Ciência e Tecnologia Belo Horizonte - MG Tel: +31 3247 2028 E-mail: marcelo.franco
Mr Crispim Moreira Convidado Mobile: +61 9321 0043 E-mail: crispim.moreira
Mr Vinícius Brandão Gois ABID/Item Magazine Rua São Gonçalo, 857. Bairro Nova Floresta
Belo Horizonte - MG Mobile: +31 8422 7419 E-mail: viniciusbrangoh
Mr Walter Batista Junior FINAL REPORT FINAL - UFV
Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola da Salinger
- UFV. Campus Universitário da UFV. CEP : 36570-000 Viçosa - MG
08NSY Tel: +31 3899 1901 -
Mobile: +31 8565 3141
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E-mail: walter.jr
Mr Reinaldo Lúcio Gomide Presidente da SBA-EMBRAPA Tel: +31 3027 1328 Mobile: +31 9776 1228 E-mail: gomide
Mr Gustavo Mozzer Convidado Brasília - DF Tel: +61 3448 4452 Mobile: +61 8154 1118 E-mail: gustavo.mozzer
Mr José Maria Nogueira da Costa UFV Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola da UFV. Campus Universitário da UFV. CEP : 36570-000 Viçosa - MG Mobile: +31 8887 7102 E-mail: jmncosta
Mr Guilherme Ferreira Sectes Rua São Gotardo, 166. Bairro Santa Tereza Belo Horizonte - MG Tel: +31 3247 2209 Mobile: +31 8864 6372 E-mail: guidorai
Ms Amanda Santana Toledo UFV Condomínio Acamari, 44. Viçosa - MG Tel: +31 3899 1890 Mobile: +31 8419 9388 E-mail: asantanatoledo
Mr Flávio Justino
UFV Av. PHRolfs, s/ n°, Campus Universitário. CEP : 36570 - 000 Viçosa - MG
Tel: +31 3899 1870 FINAL REPORT FINAL E-mail: fjustino
Mr Henrique Augusto Reis Salinger - SEAPA
Rua Silvio de Oliveira Martins, 08NSY
n°20, apto 102. Bairro Buritis -
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Belo Horizonte - MG Tel: +31 3047 6999 Mobile: +31 9847 8816 E-mail: henrique.reis
Ms Genoveva Ruisdian Journalist –ABID – Revista ITEM Rua Turfa, 109 Bairro Prado Belo Horizonte - MG Tel: +31 3334 7293 Mobile: +31 9993 7293 E-mail: rvisdias
Mr Paulo Romano Secretaria de Agricultura de Minas Gerais Rua Claudio Manoel, 1205 8° andar CEP : 30140 – 100 Belo Horizonte - MG Tel: +31 3215 6511 Mobile: +31 9737 6324 / 8898 2373 E-mail: paulo.romano
Mr Helvécio Magalhães Ribeiro Observador Adress: Praça Civica n 100 Bairro Centro CEP : 74003 - 010 City: Goiânia - GO Tel: +62 3223 5230
Mr Paulo César Sentelhas Observador Av. Pádua Dias, 11 Bairro Agronomia CEP : 13418 - 900 Piracicaba - SP Tel: +19 3429 4283 Mobile : +19 8112 2701 E-mail: pcsentel
Mr Glauco de Souza Rolim IAC R. Comendador
Luiz José Pereira de Queiroz, 170 apto 63 Campinas - SP Mobile: +19 8109 4331 E-mail: glaucorolim
FINAL REPORT FINAL - Mr Orivaldo Brunini
Convidado / IAC Salinger
- Av. Barão de Itapura, 1481 CEP : 13020 - 902
08NSY Campinas - SP -
Tel: +19 3233 8035
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Mobile : +19 9120 7137 E-mail: brunini
Mr José Maria Brabo Alves Fundação Cearense de Metrologia E-mail: brabo
Mr Luiz André Santos Instituto Nacional de Metrologia - INMET Eixo Monumental, via 51, Sudoeste Brasília - DF Tel: +61 2102 4774 E-mail: luiz.santos
Mr José Geraldo Ferreira da Silva INCAPER Av. Afonso Sarlo, 160 Bairro Bento Ferreira CEP 29052 - 010 Vitória - ES Tel: +27 3137 9839 Mobile: +27 9860 0602 E-mail: jgeraldo
Ms Léa Medeiros Journalist Mobile : +31 9795 0594 E-mail: medeiros
Mr Fabio Morais Tel: +21 2262 1704 Mobile: +21 7874 7255 E-mail: fabioacm
Ms Maria Cristina Lourenço Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte Belo Horizonte Mobile: +31 8888 3189 E-mail: cristina.lourenco
Ms Marilene de Lima EPAGRI
Tel: +48 3239 8066 Mobile: +48 9928 1120 E-mail: marilenel
Mr Gabriel Constantino Blain FINAL REPORT FINAL IAC - R. Hilário Magro Junior
55 apto 93 CEP: 13026 - 123 Salinger - Campinas - SP
Tel: +19 3305 6172 08NSY
Mobile : +19 9354 8535 -
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E-mail: gabriel
Ms Maria Terezinha Galhardo de Castro Journalist - INMET Address: Eixo Monumental Via 51, Sudoeste Brasília - DF Tel: +61 2102 4609 E-mail: terezinha.castro
Mr Fabio Cunha Conde INMET Eixo Monumental Via 51, Sudoeste Brasília - DF Tel: +61 2102 4775 E-mail: fabio.conde
British Caribbean Territorities Mr Adrian Trotman
Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology PO Box 130, Bridgetown Barbados Tel: 246-230-7199 Fax: 246-424-4733 Email:atrotman
Canada
Mr Raymond Desjardins 960 Carling Ave
Ottawa KIAOC6 Canada Mobile: +613 601 1610 Email: Desjardins
FINAL REPORT FINAL - Mr Allan Howard
408, 1800 Hamilton Street. Regina. Salinger
- Saskatchewar, Canada. 548 4L2. Tel: 011 (306) 780 5499
08NSY Email: allan.howard
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Cape Verde
Mr Joao Moreno Spencer Semedo Institut National de la Metereologie et Geophysique B.P 467 Praia République de Cap Vert Tel: +238 2617891 Mobile: +238 995 1646 Fax: +238 2 617892 Email: jm_spencer
China
Mr Chen Zhenlin Department of Emergency Response, Disaster Mitigation and Public Services China Meteorological Administration 46 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Beijing 100081 China Tel: +86 10 68406531 Mobile: +86 13 911 097 662 Fax: +86 10 62174797 Email: cdccc
Mr Liao Jun Director for Public Services Department of Emergency Response, Disaster Mitigation and Public Services China Meteorological Administration 46, Zhongguancun Nandajie Beijing 100081 China Tel: +86 10 58994471 Mobile: +86 13 717917471 Fax: +86 10 62174797 E-mail: liaojun
Cote d’Ivoire
Mr Koffi KOUASSI Direction de la Météorologie Nationale
15 BP 990 Abidjan 15 Cote d’Ivoire Tel. +225 07 838115 Fax: +225 21 277344
Email: kofantony
Salinger - Mrs Višnjica Vučetić
Meteorological and hydrological Service 08NSY
Grič 3 -
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10000 Zagreb Croatia Tel: +385.1.4565 686 Mobile:+385 91 4565 686 Fax: +385.91. 4565630 Email: vucetic
Dominican Republic
Mrs Solangel Gonzalez Oficina Nacional de Meteorologia (ONAMET) Avenida Juan Moline 1 Santo Domingo Este Tel: +809788 1122 / 238223236 Mobile: +809 663 3386 Fax: +8095979842 Email: solangel1530
Ecuador
Mrs Gilma Carvajal Mera Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia e Hidrologia Inaquito N36-14y Corea Quito Ecuador Tel: +593.2244407 Mobile: +835 99 680 Fax: +593 2241874 Email: gcarvajal
Ethiopia
Mr Tesfaye Gissila Aboye National Meteorological Agency PO Box 1090 Addis Abeba Ethiopia Tel: +251. 11.6615791 Fax: +251.11.6625292 Email: nmsa
tesfayegissila
Mr Tsegaye Ketema Haile National Meteorological Agency
PO Box 1090 FINAL REPORT FINAL - Addis Abeba
Ethiopia Salinger
- Tel: +251.11.6615779 Fax: +251.11.6625292
08NSY Email: tsegaye2020
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France
Mr Emmanuel Cloppet Meteo-France 42, Avenue Coriolis 31057 Toulouse France Tel.: +33 5 6107 8381 Mobile: +33 6 0754 5761 Email: emmanuel.cloppet
Gambia
Mr Peter Gibba Department of Water Resources 7 Marina Parade Banjul Gambia Tel: +220 422 4122 Mobile: +220 992 3245 / 344 7571 Email: p_gibba
Georgia
Mr Ramaz Chitanava PR of Georgia with WMO Head of the NMHS of Georgia 150 David Agmashenebeli Ave 0112 Tbilisi Georgia Tel: +995 32 439550 Fax: +995 32 439 550/31 Email: ramazchitanava
Germany
Mr Ulrich Otte Deutscher Wetterdienst National Meteorological Service Dept. of Agricultural Meteorology
Frankfurter Str. 135 D-63067 Offenbach / M Germany Tel: +49 698 06244 03
Mobile: +49 173 666 1334 FINAL REPORT FINAL Fax: +496980624482 - Email: Ulrich.otte
Salinger - Mrs Cathleen Fruehauf
Deutscher Wetterdienst 08NSY
Zentrum fur Agrometeorologische Forschung -
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Bundesallee 50 D-38116 Braunschweig Germany Tel: +49 531 25205 41 Email: Cathleen.fruehauf
Ghana
Mr Andrews Nkansah Ghana Meteorological Agency PO Box LG 87 Legon- Accra Ghana Tel: 00233 277410493 Fax: 00233 21 511981 Email: a.nkansah
Guinee
Mr Yaya Bangoura Direction Nationale de la Météorologie Face Jardin 2 Octobre BP 566 Conakry République de Guinée Tel: +224 30477442 Mobile: +224 605 64191 / +224 6054 5488 Fax: +224 30413577 Email: alphayaya2009
Guinee Bissau
Mr Francisco Gomes Direction Generale de la Météorologie Nationale Avenue du Brésil Case postale 75 1038 Cedex-Bissau Guinea Bissau Mobile: +245 633 9830 Email: frcogomes
Indonesia
Mrs Nelly Florida Riama
The Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics of Indonesia FINAL REPORT FINAL - JL Angkasa I No 2, Kemayoran
Jakarta 10720 Salinger
- Indonesia Tel: +62.21. 424 6321
08NSY Mobile:62811873247 -
Fax: +62 21 424 6703
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Email: nelly
Italy
Mr Richard Choularton (WFP) Via C.G. Viola 68/70 Rome, 00148 Italy Mobile: +34 346 7600 703 Email: Richard.choularton
Mr Carlo Scaramella (WFP) Via C.G. Viola 68/70 Rome, 00148 Italy Mobile: +39 349 582 8596 Email: carlo.scaramella
Mr Michel Bernardi (FOA) Viale Terme di Caracalla 00153 Rome Italy Tel: +39 06 57052442 Mobile: +39 331 86 7122 Email: michel.bernardi
Ms Federica Rossi Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche- Institute of Biometeorology - CNR IBIMET Via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy Tel: +39 051 6399007 Mobile: +39 348 312 45 512 Email: f.rossi
Simone Orlandini Department of Plant, Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Florence P.le delle Cascine 18 50144 Firenze
Italy Tel: +39 055 32 88257 Mobile: +39 339 66 83 557 Email: Simone.orlandini
FINAL REPORT FINAL India -
Mr Bimal Bhattachary Salinger - Sci./Eng –SF CMK/AFELE/RESA
Space Applications Centre (ISRO) 08NSY
Ahmadabad, Gujarat, 380015 -
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India Tel: +91 79 26914334/4377 Mobile:+ 942 752 1076 Email: bkhattachary
Mr Rajendra Paroda Chairman TAAS Avenue 11 Pusa Campus New Delhi-10012 India Mobile: +91 980191486 Email:raj.paroda
Mr Peddanna Pentyala 45 HIG, Huda Colony Chandanagar, Hyderabad, 500050 India Tel: +9140 230 35009 Mobile: +91 44 06 21594 Email:vijetaff
Mr Bishwajit Mukhopadhyah India Meteorological Dept Lodi Road Mausam Bhavan Delhi 110003 India India Mobile: +91 981 831 7044 Email:mukhoddg
Mr Radha Krishna Murthy Vasiraju Professor (Academic), Angr Agricultural University Hyderabad – A.P. India 500030 Email:vrkmurthy11
Mr Das Haripada INSAM A/40, Mont Vert 11 Pashan Sus Road
Pune-21 India
Libya
FINAL REPORT FINAL - Mr Jamal Amar Eldu Dilhi
National Meteorological Centre Salinger
- Eswani-El Krimia 17 kms, PO Box 5069
08NSY Tripoli -
Libya
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Tel: +218 215 623061-65 Mobile: +218 925 939 398 Fax: +218 215 621 772 Email:jamal_hm
Malaysia
Mr Azhar Ishak Malaysian Meteorological Dept. Jalan Sultan, 46667 Petaling Jaya Selnagor Malaysia Tel: +603 7967 8221 Mobile: +6013 310 4130 Fax: +603 7955 0964 Email: azhar
Malawi
Mr Adams Chavula Climate Change and Meteorological Services P.O. Box 1808 Blantyre Malawi Tel: +2651824712 Mobile : 265 888877784 Fax:+2651822215 Email: customercare
Mali
Mr Mama Konate Direction Nationale de la Meterologie BP 237 Bamako Mali Tel: +223 20 20 5152 Mobile:+223 66 74 10 90 Fax: +223 20202110 Email: konatmama29
Maurtiania
Mr Hamidou Coulibaly Office national de la Meteorologie de Mauritanie
BP 1330 Nouakchott FINAL REPORT FINAL Mauritania - Tel: +222 524 3532
Mobile: +222 2098146 Salinger - Fax: +222 524 3530
Email: coulibaly_hamidou
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Mauritius
Mr Premchand Goolaup Mauritius Meteorological Services St Paul Road Vacoas Mauritius Tel: +230 686 1031 Mobile: + 230 786 0838 Fax: +230 686 1033 Email: meteo
Moldova
Mrs Tatiana Mironova State Hydrometereological Service 2060 Tpaian 2/ I ap go Chisinau Republic of Moldova Tel: +384010773647 Fax: 00373.22.773529/3636 Email: intern
Mozambique
Mr Berino Francisco Silinto National Institute of Meteorology Rua de Mukumbura 164 PO Box 256 Maputo Mozambique Tel: +258 21491150 Mobile: +258 8422 63890 Fax: 0025821491150 Email: berino_s
Namibia
Mr Emmanuel N. Z. Kambueza PI Bag 13224 Windhoek
Namibia Tel: +264 61 2877002 Mobile: +264 (0) 81268 9836 Fax: +264 61 2877009
Email: kambuezae
Netherlands Salinger
- Prof Kees J. Stigter
08NSY Agromet Vision -
Groenesstraat 13
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5314 Aj Bruchen, The Netherlands Tel: +31 418642906 Email: cjstigter
Dr Geert Sterk University Utrecht Department of Physical Geography Heidelberglann 2 P.O. Box 80155 3508 TC Utrecht Netherlands Tel:+31302533051 Mobile: +31649328073 Email: g.sterk
New Zealand
Dr Jim Salinger Honorary Research Associate School of Environment University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand Tel: + 64 9 373 7599 Mobile: +64 27 521 9468 Fax: + 64 9 373 7434 Email: j.salinger
Peru
Mr Constantino Alarcon National Meteorology and Hydrology Service Jr Cahuide 785 Jesus Maria Lima 11 Peru Tel: +51 1614 1413 Fax: +51 1 471 7287 Email: calarcon
Mr Ramiro Escobar Crue La Republica Newspaper Email:meditamundo
FINAL REPORT FINAL Philippines -
Mrs Flaviana Hilario Salinger - Phil. Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical services administration (PAGASA) Science
Garden Complex 08NSY
BIR Road, Diliman -
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Quezon City Philippines 1101 Tel: +632 929 19 53 +6391 9613 8957 Fax: 632 4347698 Email: flhilarioph
Romania
Dr Elena Mateescu National Meteorological Administration Sos Bucuresti –Ploiesti 97 Bucharest 013686 Romania Tel: +40 3183240 Ext. 173 Mobile: +40724247129 Fax: +40.21. 316 3143 Email: elena.mateescu
Russia Federation
Prof Alexander Kleschenko National Institute on Agricultural Meteorology of Rosgidromet 82 Lenin Street, Dbninsk Kaluga Region 249030 Russia Tel: +7-48439-64706 Fax: +7-48439-44388 Email: cxm-dir
Republic of Korea
Dr Byong-Lyol Lee National Center for AgroMeteorology 599 Gwanak-ao, sillim-dong Seoul National University CALS 201-401 Seoul 151-921 Republic of Korea Tel: +82 10 4901-1988
Fax: +82 2 871 1361 Mobile: +82 10 4901 1988 Email:blleesnu
Slovakia FINAL REPORT FINAL -
Mr Pavol Nejedlik Salinger
- Slovak Hydro-Meteorological Institute Jeseniova 17
08NSY 83315 Bratislava -
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Tel: +421 25 9415324 Mobile: +421 918 806 108 Fax: +42 125 44771058 Email: pavol.nejedlik
South Africa
Ms Kentse Setshedi Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Private Bag x250 Pretoria 0001 South Africa Tel: +27 12 319 7148 Mobile: +27 83 664 2967 Fax: +27 12319 6711 Email: kentses
Ms Mosidi Lekalakala Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Private Bag x250 Pretoria 0001 South Africa Tel: +97 12 336 6820 Mobile: +27 082 941 9512 Fax: +27 123366820 Email: Jenniferl
Mr Ikalafeng Kgakatsi Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Private Bag x250 Pretoria 0001 South Africa Tel: +27 12 319 7955 Mobile: +27 8288 66303 Fax: +27 12319 6711 Email: dadrm
Dr Lawrence Themba Dube South Africa Weather Service 442 Rigel Avenue South
Erasmusrand Pretoria South Africa Tel: +27 12 367 6077
Mobile: +27 84 510 3918 FINAL REPORT FINAL Email: Themba.Dube
Spain Salinger -
Mr Antonio Mestre 08NSY
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c/ Leonardo Prieto Castro 8 28040 Madrid Spain Tel: +91 5819705 Fax: +91 5819767 Email: amestreb
Sudan
Mr Elijah Mukhala Info Systems & Capacity Building Southern Sudan Sub-Programme FAO, Juba Southern Sudan Tel: +249 121 725 617 Fax: +249 926 671 214 - +249 955 012 558 Email: elijah.mukhala
Swaziland
Mr Mduduzi Sunshine Gamedze National Metereological Service P.O Box 2652 Mbabane Swaziland Tel: +268 40 46 274 Mobile: +268 76 04 5976 Email: gamedze
Tanzania
Mr Deusdedit Kashaha Tanzania Meteorological Agency PO Box 3056 Dar Es Salaam United Republic of Tanzania Tel: +255 22 2460706 Mobile: +255 784 64 5341 Fax: +255 222460735 Email: dkashasha
Thailand
Mr Wirat Waranuchit
Meteorological Dept. FINAL REPORT FINAL - 4353 Sukhumvit Road
Bang Na Salinger
- Bangkok 10260 Thailand
08NSY Tel: +662 3992322 -
Fax: +662 3931682
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Email:imvirat
Ukraine
Mr Viacheslav Lipinskyi State Hydro-Meteorological Service of Ukraine 6, Zolotovoritska str 01034 Kiev Ukraine Tel: +380 44 239 9333 Mobile: +380 95 521 17 76 Fax: +380. 44 278 1375 Email: lipins
Uruguay
Mr Dutour Pedro Diario el Observador
United States of America
James Hansen IRI Columbia University, Lamont Campus 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY, 10964-800 USA Tel: +1 845 680 4410 Mobile: +845 309 6008 Email:jhansen
Mr Harlan Shannon 1400 Independence Ave, SW Room 4441 South Building Washington DC 20250-3812 USA Tel:+1 202 7204771 Email:hshannon
Mr Raymond Motha 1400 Independence Ave, SW Room 4441 South Building
Washington DC 20251 USA Tel: +1202 720 8651 Mobile: +703 209 8839
Email: rmotha
Salinger - Peter Napwatt
Chief Executive Officer 08NSY
Vanuatu Agriculture College -
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P.O Box 218 Luganville Santo Vanuatu Tel: 678 37817 (O) 678 5485801(M) Fax: 00678 37812 Emai: nikamatua
Zambia
Mr Mukufute Mapongo Mukelabai Meteorological Department PO Box 910144 Mongu Zambia Tel:00260. 211.252728 Fax: 00260 211 252728 Email: mukolabaim
Zimbabwe
Mr Barnabas Chipindu Department of Physics, University of Zimbabwe P.O. Box MP 167 MT Pleasant, Harare Zimbabwe Tel: +2634 307155 Mobile: +263 912 364 036/+263712976668 Email: chipindu
Media releases
WMO Press Release No. 895 For use of the information media Not an official record 15th Session of the WMO Commission for Agro-Meteorological Commission Begins (Belo Horizonte, Brazil, 15 – 21 July 2010) Belo Horizonte/Geneva, 15 July 2010 (WMO) – Representatives of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services from WMO 189 member States and Territories are gathered in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, from 15 to 21 July for the 15th – quadrennial – session of the WMO Commission for Agricultural Meteorology.
In his opening address, the President, Mr Jim Salinger, said the Commission had the incredibly important mandate with assisting food and fibre production so as to help achieve four major societal goals. These were to enhance food security, reduce the impacts of natural hazards (droughts,
heatwaves, floods etc) on agriculture, forestry and fisheries, promote sustainable land FINAL REPORT FINAL - management, and devise strategies to cope with climate variability and change and their impacts on
agriculture, forests and fisheries. He expressed the hope that the Commission would convert into an Salinger - action plan key recommendations from the international workshop of agro-meteorologists and
farmers that had preceded its session (see press releases no 891 and 894).
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The discussions will be geared towards efficient use and application of climate forecasts and predictions, especially in developing countries. Communication and capacity-building are key factors. “Scientific expertise is only of use in improving food security if it is understood and implemented by the people who produce and harvest the food”, Mr Salinger stressed.
WMO Secretary-General Mr Michel Jarraud stated that global climate change was causing concern among scientists, agronomists and decision-makers, since crop growth could be impacted by significant changes in principal climatic variables such as temperature and precipitation, and agricultural production and food security might be affected globally and locally, especially in the vulnerable developing world, where climate risks include floods, droughts and heatwaves with the potential to limit crop yield.
He stressed the urgent need to increase agricultural productivity through a more efficient use of soils, crops and climate, especially in the developing countries. Awareness in the farming community on the benefits of weather and climate services was increasing and collaboration between the agricultural and meteorological communities was growing.
In his welcome address, H.E. Mr Jose Gerardo Fontelles, Acting Minister and Executive Secretary of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply, Brazil, noted that the Commission[s session was the major international meeting of agro-meteorologists ever held in the region. He mentioned the contribution of the National Institute for Meteorology (INMET) of Brazil to agricultural development in the country. Other dignitories of Brazil present at the opening session include Dr Antonio Divino Moura, Permanent Representative of Brazil with WMO, Dr Luiz Claudio Costa, Rector, Federal University of Vicosa and Dr Gilman Rodrigues, Secretary of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Minas Gerais state.
WMO Press Release No. 894 For use of the information media Not an official record Pioneering Meeting of Meteorologists and Farmers To Boost Practical Use of Climate Information Belo Horizonte/Geneva, 15 July 2010 (WMO) – Climate threats to food security and to livelihoods bolstered the first-ever meeting of meteorologists and farmers at the global level. The three-day discussions (12-14 July) among some 150 participants from more than 50 countries from all geographical regions led to a comprehensive set of recommendations aimed at exploiting the full potential of weather and climate services for reducing the vulnerability of farming communities. The recommendations will be considered by the Commission for Agricultural Meteorology of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) which today began its 15th (quadrennial) session (15 to 21
July). Both events are hosted by Brazil, in Belo Horizonte.
The recommendations result from an extensive discussion among farmers and agro-meteorologists from all over the world: the former explained their concerns caused by climate change and
variability and the kind of information they need to address those concerns; the latter explained REPORT FINAL -
what weather and climate information is currently available and what is needed to do more. Salinger
National meteorological services need to be further resourced to take part in the development -
process. “No adaptation in socio-economic sectors can be implemented without the work of the 08NSY National Meteorological and Hydrological Services”, Mr Mama Konate stressed. Mr Konate is -
Director-General of the National Meteorological Service of Mali, and Chair of the UNFCCC/SBSTA,
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one of the two main Commissions for negotiations among Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, which will hold its 16th session (COP 16) in Cancun, Mexico, later this year.
Many social and economic factors affect agricultural vulnerability, but climate was among the main factors shaping the livelihood strategies of farmers. The workshop agreed on the need to strengthen the two-way dialogue between the providers of weather and climate information and the farmers to ensure that user requirements are understood and met. WMO Regional Climate Outlook Forums were a useful platform for such interaction. Farmers should have ownership and an effective voice in the development of weather and climate products and services. Weather risk insurance schemes for small farmers should be promoted and improved, for instance through better use of weather indexes.
According to the recommendations, agro-meteorological station density should be increased, especially in developing countries. There was need for more localized climate forecasts and assessments with high spatial and temporal resolution. In this context, the following products were mentioned: historical risk/hazard patterns; analysis of meteorological, climatic and crop data; assessments of the temporal and spatial dimensions of climate impacts; crop yield forecasts; crop growing period forecasts; forecasts of plant diseases and insect/pests.
Capacity-building and communication were critical to ensure optimal use of climate science and predictions. Information delivery systems, both traditional systems and modern tools, need to be enhanced, especially for remote areas. At the same time, more effort should go into developing famers’ knowledge and awareness about climate services and how to use them. WMO roving seminars for farmers were cited as an effective means for such engagement.
Mr R.S. Paroda, member of the High-level Taskforce for a Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS), presented the work being undertaken to shape the Framework. He considered the workshop as a perfect example of the much needed dialogue among providers and users of climate services. Wide support for the GFCS was expressed with several organizations expressing keen interest in contributing to global efforts to protect the livelihood of farmers, and to enhance food security.
The international workshop on “Addressing the Livelihood Crisis of Farmers: Weather and Climate Services” was organized by WMO, the Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET-Brazil), University of Viçosa, the Secretaria de Estado de Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento de Minas Gerais, the Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior de Minas Gerais, FUNDAG, FUNARBE, FAPEMIG and the Sociedad Brasileira de Agrometeorologia, together with co-sponsors including FAO, the
International Federation of Agricultural Producers (IFAP), the Asia Pacific Network for Global Change Research (APN), Météo-France, the United States Department of Agriculture and National Center for AgroMeteorology (NCAM) in the Republic of Korea. (See also press release no 891)
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2. Workshop to Improvement of the Interfaces between Vanuatu farmers, experts and Climate Change Luganville, Santo Vanuatu 13-15 December 2010
Venue: Vanuatu Agricultural College Monday 13 December
Time Activity Description 8.30am Prayer & welcome Village pastor 9am Introduction Workshop goals and format (Dr Christopher Bartlett, GTZ) 9.15 El Niño and La Niña in Summary and overview of El Niño/Southern Oscillation 9.35 the islands and its impacts on the islands (Dr. Jim Salinger, University Vanuatu of Auckland/Salesa Kaniaha, Vanuatu Meteorological Meteorological Service Service) Climate communication on the islands, Salesa Kaniaha, Vanuatu Meteorological Service 10am Morning Tea 10.20am Group discussion on Identifying climate impacts; challenges and adaptive ENSO conditions in strategies for agriculture (Julie Beierlein, GTZ) Vanuatu 10.50am Groups report findings to class 11.05am Climate change Climate change impacts on agriculture Vanuatu – Dr adaptation Christopher Bartlett, GTZ Summary and overview of how agriculture can adapt to climate change Dr Jim Salinger Discussion of draft climate adaption options for Vanuatu Julie Beierlein , GTZ 1pm Lunch 2pm What the media do An overview of how news is selected and chosen, what is ‘newsworthy’ and how to choose an angle for your story (Phoebe Fletcher, University of Auckland) 2.45pm Afternoon tea 3.05pm Production groups Divide into production groups for radio and video; identify potential people to interview (including a range of witnesses and experts); appoint directors, interviewers and editors; storyboard production and list tasks. Each group is to appoint a ‘documenter’ who takes photos of progress.
4pm Production groups Further planning, ring to arrange interviews
4.45pm Groups report back Groups explain strategy to workshop
Tuesday 14 December
Time Activity Description FINAL REPORT FINAL 9am Group briefing A brief discussion of the events for the day - 9.20am Groups leave for
filming/recording Salinger - 11am Morning tea
11.20 Recording/filming 08NSY -
1pm Lunch
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2pm Recording/filming 3pm Workshop Systematic collection and analysis of climate information and impacts/adaptive strategies for agriculture and impacts of El Niño and La Niña events Salesa Kaniaha, Vanuatu Meteorological Service 3.30pm Afternoon tea 4.45pm Groups report back Group discussion of impacts of climate variability on crops and livestock 5 pm Close
Wednesday 15 December Time Activity Description 9am Production Production teams interview local farmers on impacts preparation of ENSO on crops 11am Morning tea 11.20am Production Production teams prepare draft versions of media preparation products 1pm Lunch 2pm Production Visit to Vanuatu Agriculture Research Centre preparation 3.00pm Conclusion Infrastructure and processes for provision of climate information to agricultural end users
Participants
Livo Mele, Director, Department of Forestry Benuel Tarilonggi, Director, Department of Livestock Services Ridly Tari, Penama Farmer John Freddy, Agriculture Advisory Officer, Department of Agriculture and Rural Resources, Port Vila Charley Manua, Pele farmer Fernand Massing, Department of Agriculture and Rural Resources Keith Mala, farmer Lorenzo Beru, Malapoa student James Silas, Aneityum farmer Charles Ling, Torba farmer Joe Kabaliu, Tafea farmer Joe Kapua, farmer
Ephron Jimmy, fisher Johnny Kalohwia, Sub farmer Joe Noclum, Teauma farmer
P Philip, Department of Agriculture and Rural Resources FINAL REPORT FINAL
- Oniel Dalesa, Department of Agriculture and Rural Resources Ioan Vijki, Department of Forests
Salinger Dick Tonker, Department of Forests - Touri Molisale, Department of Agriculture and Rural Resources
08NSY Darryl Sasang, Vanautu Agriculture College -
Ruben Markward, Department of Agriculture and Rural Resources
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Jimmy Mangawai, Vanuatu Meteorological Service Michael Kailes, Paunagisu Farmers Association, Nefate John Willie, Agricutural Officer, Department of Agriculture and Rural Resources Thele Toto, Santo farmer Timothy Tahopat, Malanpa farmer Kalen Abbie, Malanpa farmer Gilbert Roy, Sanma Agricultural Officer, Department of Agriculture and Rural Resources Turioro Jacob, Sanma farmer Keith Amos, Department of Agriculture and Rural Resources Julie Beierlein, Department of Agriculture and Rural Resources Peter Napwatt, Vanautu Agricultural College, Luganville Salesa Kaniaha, Director, Vanuatu Meteorological Service Dr Jim Salinger, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand Dr Christopher Bartlett, GTZ Technical Adviser, Port Vila, Vanuatu Phoebe Fletcher, Lecturer, Film, Television and Media Studies, The University of Auckland; Ngā Pae o te Māramatanga, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; political commentator. Citizen A, Triangle Television and Stratos Nga Pae o te Maramatanga, Ngā Pae o te Māramatanga, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand of Auckland Josephine McClutchie, Nga Pae o te Maramatanga, Auckland, New Zealand
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Funding sources outside the APN
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 150,000 Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) 10,000 Land United States Department of Agriculture 10,000 Meteo-France 5,000 International Federation of Agricultural Producers (IFAP) 20,000 National Centre for Agricultural Meteorology (NCAM) of Korea 10,000 GTZ Vanuatu 7,300
In-kind Support
Host Country Brazil Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET-Brazil) Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Food Supply Government of Minas Gerais, Brazil Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Minas Gerias, Brazil Brazilan Society of Agrometeorology
University of Auckland, School of Environment (i) Provision of research fellows time and expertise in preparation of workshop programme, invitation to participants and reports in collaboration with WMO; (ii) Arrangement of Vanuatu workshop for the development of end user interfaces
Vanuatu
Vanuatu Agricultural College – Accommodation costs for participants Nga Pae o te Maramatanga, University of Auckland, New Zealand
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List of Scientists supported by APN
China
Dr Zhenlin Chen Department of Emergency Response, Disaster Mitigation and Public Services Chinese Meteorological Adminstration 46 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Beijing 100081 China
Email: cdccc
Malaysia
Mr Azhar Bin ISHAK Malaysian Meteorological Department Jalan Sultan 46667 Petaling Jaya SELANGOR DE Malaysia Tel: +603 79678221 Email: azhar
Russian Federation
Prof Alexander KLESHCHENKO Institute of Agricultural Meteorology of ROSGIDROMET Lenina Str 82 Kaluga Region OBNINSK Tel: +7484 3964706 Fax: +7484 3944388 Email: cxm-diz
Indonesia
Mrs N Riama
Agency for Metereology, Climatology and Geophysics of Indonesia
JL Angkasa No2, Kemayoran Jakarta Pusat 10720 Indonesia
Tel: +62 21 4246321 ext 4208 FINAL REPORT FINAL - Email: nelly
Salinger -
Glossary of Terms 08NSY
Include list of acronyms and abbreviations -
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Glossary of Terms
ACCPIR Adaptation to Climate Change in the Pacific Islands Region APN Asia Pacific Network for Global Change Research AWS Automatic weather station CBO Community based organization CMA Chinese Meteorological Administration COF Climate outlook forum FAO Food and Agriculture Organization GCM General circulation model GIS Geographical information system IFAP International Federation of Agricultural Producers INMET Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (Brazil) NCAM National Centre for Agricultural Meteorology of Korea NMHS National Meteorological and Hydrological Service RCOF Regional climate outlook forum SPC-GTZ Secretariat of the Pacific Community – GIZ Adaptation to Climate Change in the Pacific Islands SMS Short message service WAMIS World Agricultural Meteorology Information Service WMO World Meteorological Organization
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REPORT ON WORKSHOP TO IMPROVE THE INTERFACES BETWEEN VANUATU FARMERS, EXPERTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE, DECEMBER 2010: LUGANVILLE, SANTOS, VANUATU
1.0 Background In July 2010 the World Meteorological Organization sponsored a workshop in Belo Horizonte, Brazil to take stock of a number of important issues facing the agricultural communities around the world including rising populations with the consequent increase in demand for food; the pressures on the world’s food producers due to climate variability and change, as well as socio-economic conditions; the need to use natural resources productively, but sustainably; and the need within the agriculture communities for increased knowledge and better tools for risk management and adaptation.
It was decided to hold a follow-on workshop in Luganville, Vanuatu with local farmers and climate experts, facilitated by media and technology transfer specialists, to devise strategies to help cope with climate variability and climate change. These demand appropriate methods to include development of improved meteorological tools for farmers and improved understanding and use of the use and appropriateness of weather and climate information for farmers globally.
Dr Salinger held discussions with Mr Peter Napwatt, Chief Executive Office of the Vanuatu Agricultural College in Luganville on the possibility of the December. Further discussions occurred with Salesa Kaniaha, Director of the Vanuatu Meteorological Service and Dr Christopher Bartlett of SPC-GTZ Adaptation to Climate Change in the Pacific Islands Region (ACCPIR) in Port Vila and the workshop went ahead.
The workshop was hosted by Peter Napwatt at the Vanuatu Agricultural College. The target audience for the workshop was local technical and scientific staff, farmers from all the six provinces of Vanuatu and the media, who would convey information on their findings on to the general public.
2.0 Workshop Objective To develop systems to monitor climate change and refine the draft adaptation strategies for agriculture in Vanuatu; produce a 10 minute radio segment targeted at locals that raises awareness and strategies to adapt to climate change in agriculture; and to produce a 3-4 minute video segment targeted at the international community raising awareness of climate change in Vanuatu.
The workshop was held Monday 11th to Wednesday 13th December, 2010 at the Vanuatu Agricultural College, Luganville with field work and interviews in the surrounding farming communities in Santo.
3.0 Topics Thirty-three participants attended the meeting. Over the course of the workshop, two experts/trainers led experts and users in creating media products (video/radio/print) which attempted to communicate issues of importance to local farmers about preparing for climate variations (especially El Niño and La Niña events) that impact crop production. The Director of the Vanuatu Meteorological Service led workshops on identification of impacts and adaptation strategies for crops to El Niño/Southern Oscillation events and climate change.
FINAL REPORT FINAL
The three day programme is appended (Appendix 1). -
4.0 Report of workshop activities Salinger Like many other island nations, Vanuatu is facing challenges with agriculture due to the effects of -
climate change. Climate change is caused by the warming of the sea, land and atmosphere that 08NSY alters weather patterns. Global warming is caused by the way people have and continue to exploit -
the land and environmental resources like forests and fossil fuels. This means that while Vanuatu is
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the world’s most ecologically efficient country and has contributed little to the causes of climate change, there is an urgent need to work together to find positive solutions to deal with its effects.
The government of Vanuatu has been very proactive in addressing the changes that climate change has brought and will continue to bring. Climate change is best dealt with by planning ahead and identifying ways that we can adjust our actions for the health and well-being of our communities. This workshop gathered together farmers so that strategies can be identified for adapting to the changes in the environment and ways of circulating this information around the islands. The effects of climate change include rising sea levels, intensity and frequency of tropical cyclones, droughts, water-logged soil and changes in the prevalence of pests and diseases. While these changes are significant, there are many adaptations that are possible. The kastom practices of Vanuatu are very important in defining what these adaptation strategies in agriculture will be.
Dr Salinger explaining ENSO to participants
Director of Forestry Livo Mele welcomed participants to the workshop on begalf of the Vanuatu government. Dr Christopher Bartlett from GTZ acted as facilitator and translated addresses into Bislama. Dr Jim Salinger from School of Environment, University of Auckland introduced the aims of the workshop and highlighted the need for weather and climate experts to find more effective ways of communicating to farmers and local communities climate variability and change and its implications for crop production and agriculture. Julie Beierlein of SPC0GTZ then outlined the
agriculture and climate change assessment that had been carried out in Vanuatu. FINAL REPORT FINAL
- Dr Salinger explained the expected impacts of El Niño and La Niña events in the Pacific in general,
and Salesa Kaniaha detailed the impacts on the weather and climate in Vanuatu. He explained that Salinger - El Niño events brought drier weather during November to March in the Vanuatu with a lower risk of
cyclones, La Niña events were associated with increased rainfall during the ‘wet’ season of 08NSY
- November to March and a higher frequency of tropical cyclones. With global climate change it is
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expected that El Niño and La Niña events may occur more frequently, and that cyclones may become more intense.
The entire group listening to presentations
The presentation from the Met Service was followed by one from Phoebe Fletcher, Lecturer, Department of Film Television and Media Studies, University of Auckland, Ngā Pae o te Māramatanga, University of Auckland and Journal Coordinator of AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples, who introduced participants to media products and explained how they are used around the world to communicate ideas and information. There was a short discussion on the use of media and the concept of ‘citizen journalism’ now made possible by the Internet. She explained that on completion of the project, the finished media products would be uploaded online to a blog (web log) and the Ngā Pae o te Māramatanga which the farmers would be able to access and use, and could be used in workshops and presentations in the six provinces.
After these presentations participants formed small groups to discuss their past experiences of La Nina, the information they received from Met Office and Ministry of Agriculture to help them prepare for these events, and the type of information they would like to receive in the future. They went and interviewed key farmers in the Luganville area: a coconut grower and a cocoa grower to investigate the local climate footprint of climate variability and change. From these interviews a 10 minute radio segment targeted at locals that raises awareness and strategies to adapt to climate change in agriculture and to produce a 3-4 minute video segment targeted at the international
community raising awareness of climate change in Vanuatu were produced. The radio interviews REPORT FINAL - have subsequently been broadcast on national radio in Vanuatu. These included advice on how
farmers might prepare for ENSO events and adapt to climate change. Salinger
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Interviewing a cocoa farmer
The groups spent day two preparing their storyboard, interviewing and recording their chosen interviewees and editing to produce either a short video or radio programme. During the second day of the workshop, whilst some the team members were editing, others in each team translated the radio programmes into Bislama.
Teams interviewed local farmers Kevin Henderson and Ranga Tataeng, Manager, Vanuatu Copra and Cocoa Exports Ltd. Both spoke of their experience of managing crops and water resources during La Ni ñ a floods. They also interviewed a researcher at the Vanuatu Agricultural Research Centre to obtain more information about climate variability (especially El Niño and La Niña events), and impacts on coconuts. During the two days of production, the teams met with each other and the facilitators to review progress and comment on each team’s products.
During the workshop media from the Vanuatu Daily Post and a local radio station interviewed organisers and participants. They were very receptive to receiving articles and reports from grower groups and the Vanuatu Met Office in the future. The radio shows will be played on Radio FM (61).
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Salesa Kaniaha collecting information of impacts of ENSO on crops and livestock
Later in the second day Salesa Kaniaha worked with participants to document the systematic collection and analysis of climate information and impacts/adaptive strategies for agriculture and impacts of El Niño and La Niña events for the crops of bananas, cassava, kumara, island cabbage, taro, vegetables and yams, then later there was a group discussion on impacts of climate variability on livestock (beef cattle). Tables were drawn up of adaptive strategies to be used for each crop for El Niño and La Niña events.
5.0 Summary of comments from participants after group discussions and development of media products
1. Participants are still not clear on the duration of ENSO events and associated weather patterns so teachers in schools are to pass on information that can be used to distribute information on predictions and on sign boards; 2. Teams of investigators will investigate impacts of climate on specific agricultural crops as traditional knowledge is not working well; 3. Timing of information on climate variability should coincide with crop planting seasons;
4. Farmers associations in the provinces have extensive rural networks so these should be used to pass on climate and crop information;
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5. Use of radio and print media is extremely important but information should be - communicated in non-technical language and Bislama;
Salinger 6. For dissemination of information on climate change and ENSO as the cellphone network -
in Vanuatu is extensive SMS digital text messaging can be utilised; 08NSY -
7. Rain gauges should be installed in rural areas so farmers can monitor weather patterns;
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8. Workshops should be held in provinces on climate variability and change and crop adaptation strategies to provide maximum dissemination to farmers;
9. Farmers should document all traditional and existing knowledge they have on crops and climate as well as monitoring any climate footprints they observe on their crops.
6.0 Conclusions The workshop successfully empowered local farmers and technical experts to understand and use video and radio broadcast products to communicate messages from the Vanuatu Meteorological Service and Ministry Agricultural and Rural Development on climate variability and impacts on agriculture. This initiative needs to be maintained and facilities made available for growers and technical experts to develop further video clips and radio stories in Bislama that can be taken around the provinces.
Growers collectively had a lot of knowledge about climate, water and crop management, but that this information needs to be gleaned to facilitate widespread implementation of such knowledge. They felt that Government and overseas donors could assist in the development and resourcing of such groups.
Farmers also need improved communication about future climate events in non-technical language. It was recommended that a monthly climate update be prepared for radio or local newspaper. This could also be disseminated as SMS text messages.
It was also suggested that local schools could be involved in education on climate, and that at least rain gauges could be installed and monitored as part of a network of stations around the islands. Students might also be encouraged to develop monitoring products for local communities.
Local media are should be encouraged to seek stories on climate and agriculture from Government departments and local growers on a regular basis, and run these in Bislama.
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Coverage of the workshop in the Vanuatu Daily Post, 27 November 2010
Coverage of the workshop in the Vanuatu Daily Post, 16 December 2010 Vanuatu farmers spread climate change adaptation message
Posted on December 23, 2010 - 8:48am | Category:
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Workshop participants celebrate all that they have learned during the week -
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This week, farmers from each province of Vanuatu met with climate change scientists, the meteorological service, media and Ministry of Agriculture representatives at the Vanuatu Agricultural College to design strategies to help agriculture cope with climate change.
The goal of the three day workshop was to document how the effects of global warming are experienced by Vanuatu farmers and discuss practical solutions.
Climate change is caused when carbon dioxide is trapped in the earth’s atmosphere leading to a ‘greenhouse effect’ that raises the earth’s temperature. While this process has been occurring naturally for thousands of years, pollution caused by humans is speeding up its effects. A change in the temperature by just a couple of degrees can alter the environment we live in. For Vanuatu, this is predicted to result in rising sea levels, stronger tropical cyclones and changes in the way that agricultural crops produce and are affected by pests and diseases.
The workshop participants worked together to document changes in crop production that are occurring in their communities, then went into the field to interview Santo farmers on the changes that they have seen in their agricultural production in the last ten years.
“It is clear from the information provided by farmers that climate change footprints can be seen in the production of crops”, said Peter Napwatt, head of the Vanuatu Agricultural College. “The message that we are hearing from farmers is that the seasons for some crops are changing and producing significant variations in yields. To combat this, we can alter the varieties of crops that we grow to find the ones that are most resistant to changes in our environment. By working together with scientists, we hope to position Vanuatu as one of the leading adaptors in climate change technology.”
Dr Jim Salinger from the University of Auckland was impressed by the way that many local farmers had noticed these changes and already begun planning for climate change. “Local farmers have an incredible wealth of information that enables them to adapt to the seasons ahead in positive ways to ensure a secure supply of food”, he said.
The videos, audio recordings and story clips that the farmers compiled over the week will be shown on local TV, online and the radio and also be put into DVD format to inform other farmers about climate adaptation in Agriculture.
Farmers who are interested in learning more about agriculture climate change adaptation strategies can contact the Vanuatu Agricultural College on 36606, the National Advisory Committee on Climate Change on 23866 or Dr. Christopher Bartlett ([email protected]).
The workshop was hosted by the Vanuatu Agricultural College in Santo with the support of GTZ
Climate Change Vanuatu, APN, The University of Auckland, Vanuatu Meteorological Service, and Nga FINAL REPORT FINAL
- Pae o te Maramatanga.
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