The Emerald Ash Borer Threatens the Relationships Ash Trees Have with Their Environment

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

The emerald ash borer threatens the relationships ash trees have with their environment. They provide shade for understory plants, seeds and leaves as food for small animals, nesting areas for birds, and wood products for humans. The Animals Ash trees provide food and space for nesting, roosting, and denning cavities for many birds and animals. 150 species of butterflies and moth larvae depend on ash as their host. Birds and other animals depend on these caterpillars for food as well. Woodpeckers protect ash trees by eating the emerald ash borer larvae from the ash tree bark. Heavy woodpecker damage on ash might indicate an infection of the emerald ash borer. Young ash trees provide a food source for many animals such as deer and moose. The loss of ash trees create openings in the tree canopy which increase sunlight, moisture, and temperatures on the forest floor. This has caused ground beetle populations to decline in diversity and survival. The Plants Openings in the forest canopy, from lost ash trees, can change the forest landscape for understory plants. These open spaces could invite invasive species to grow, pushing out native species that prefer the shade of the canopy. The Ghost Orchid The ghost orchid (above) was cultivated by Atlanta Botanic Garden. Photo by Bailee Hopkins-Hensley The ghost orchid (Dendrophylax lindenii) is a threatened epiphytic plant in the orchid family that is native to Florida and Cuba. They grow only on pop ash trees (Fraxinus caroliniana) and pond apple (Annona glabra) trees. They are very difficult to cultivate and many depend on pop ash trees for their survival. The Soil If ash trees are lost, more carbon would be released into the atmosphere instead being of stored in the soil. The Waters Some ash species, including black ash (Fraxinus nigra), grow in wetland habitats where they rely on water to survive and uptake a significant amount of water. Fewer black ash trees could lead to water level rises in the wetlands. There are 16 species of ash, in the genus Fraxinus, that are native to North America—all affected by the emerald ash borer. White Ash (Fraxinus americana) Blue Ash (Fraxinus quadrangulata) Black Ash (Fraxinus nigra) Green Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) Pumpkin Ash (Fraxinus profunda).

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Approved Plant List 10/04/12
FLORIDA The best time to plant a tree is 20 years ago, the second best time to plant a tree is today. City of Sunrise Approved Plant List 10/04/12 Appendix A 10/4/12 APPROVED PLANT LIST FOR SINGLE FAMILY HOMES SG xx Slow Growing “xx” = minimum height in Small Mature tree height of less than 20 feet at time of planting feet OH Trees adjacent to overhead power lines Medium Mature tree height of between 21 – 40 feet U Trees within Utility Easements Large Mature tree height greater than 41 N Not acceptable for use as a replacement feet * Native Florida Species Varies Mature tree height depends on variety Mature size information based on Betrock’s Florida Landscape Plants Published 2001 GROUP “A” TREES Common Name Botanical Name Uses Mature Tree Size Avocado Persea Americana L Bahama Strongbark Bourreria orata * U, SG 6 S Bald Cypress Taxodium distichum * L Black Olive Shady Bucida buceras ‘Shady Lady’ L Lady Black Olive Bucida buceras L Brazil Beautyleaf Calophyllum brasiliense L Blolly Guapira discolor* M Bridalveil Tree Caesalpinia granadillo M Bulnesia Bulnesia arboria M Cinnecord Acacia choriophylla * U, SG 6 S Group ‘A’ Plant List for Single Family Homes Common Name Botanical Name Uses Mature Tree Size Citrus: Lemon, Citrus spp. OH S (except orange, Lime ect. Grapefruit) Citrus: Grapefruit Citrus paradisi M Trees Copperpod Peltophorum pterocarpum L Fiddlewood Citharexylum fruticosum * U, SG 8 S Floss Silk Tree Chorisia speciosa L Golden – Shower Cassia fistula L Green Buttonwood Conocarpus erectus * L Gumbo Limbo Bursera simaruba * L
[Show full text]
Annona Glabra Global Invasive Species Database (GISD)
FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Annona glabra Annona glabra System: Terrestrial Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Plantae Magnoliophyta Magnoliopsida Magnoliales Annonaceae Common name kaitambu (English, Fiji), kaitambo (English, Fiji), uto ni bulumakau (English, Fiji), uto ni mbulumakau (English, Fiji), corossolier des marais (English, French), annone des marais (English, French), bullock's heart (English), alligator apple (English), pond apple (English), cherimoyer (English) Synonym Similar species Summary Annona glabra is a highly invasive woody weed that threatens wetland and riparian ecosystems of wet tropics, world heritage areas and beyond. It can establish as a dense understorey that suppresses other growth leading to monocultures. view this species on IUCN Red List Species Description “Tree (2-) 3-8 (-12)m high, the trunk narrowly buttressed at the base; leaves oblong-elliptical, acute or shortly acuminate, 7-15cm long, up to 6cm broad; pedicel curved, expanded distally; sepals 4.5mm long, 9mm broad, apiculate; outer petals valvate, ovate-cordate, cream-coloured with a crimson spot at base within, 2.5-3cm long, 2-2.5cm broad; inner petals subimbricate, shortly clawed, 2-2.5cm long, 1.5-1.7cm broad, whitish outside, dark crimson within; stigmas sticky, deciduous; fruit up to 12cm long, 8cm broad, yellow outside when ripe, pulp pinkish- orange, rather dry, pungent-aromatic; seeds light brown, 1.5cm long, 1cm broad.” (Adams, 1972. In PIER, 2003) Notes Naturalised and sometimes exhibiting invasive behaviour in French Polynesia, (PIER, 2003). In Australia excessive drainage of surrounding areas for land reclamation raises the saline water table level sufficient to kill melaleuca trees thus allowing invasion by the salt tolerant pond apple, (Land Protection, 2001).
[Show full text]
Notes on Fraxinus Profunda (Oleaceae)
Nesom, G.L. 2010. Notes on Fraxinus profunda (Oleaceae). Phytoneuron 2010-32: 1–6. Mailed 10 August 2010. NOTES ON FRAXINUS PROFUNDA (OLEACEAE) Guy L. Nesom 2925 Hartwood Drive Fort Worth, TX 76109, USA www.guynesom.com ABSTRACT A taxonomic overview is provided for Fraxinus profunda –– including a nomenclatural summary with lectotypes designated for F. profunda and the synonymous F. michauxii , an updated morphological description including a comparison with F. pennsylvanica , and a county-level distribution map. Geographically disjunct records for F. profunda in distinctly inland localities (Mississippi and Alabama) are documented; far-inland records from Tennessee and North Carolina were based on collections of F. biltmoreana . KEY WORDS : Fraxinus profunda , F. michauxii , F. pennsylvanica , Oleaceae Fraxinus profunda occurs primarily along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts into peninsular Florida and in drainages of the Mississippi River and in the Ohio River basin (Little 1977; McCormac et al. 1995). At the northwestern corner of its range, it occurs in bottomlands of the Kankakee River (vPlants 2010), an Illinois/Mississippi River tributary. Limits of the northern range of the species (Michigan, Ontario) have recently been documented in detail (McCormac et al. 1995; Waldron et al. 1996). The trees consistently grow in river swamps and floodplains, especially those seasonally inundated, freshwater tidal wetlands, commonly with bald cypress, swamp cottonwood, and water tupelo. In Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and northward, they often are found in wet woods and swampy depressions in upland woods as well as till plains and clay lake plains of post-glacial lake beds. Based on the map from Little (1977), Harms (1990) noted that the range of Fraxinus profunda is “quite discontinuous,” but addition of recent records shows a more continuous range (Fig.
[Show full text]
Potenziale Und Risiken Eingeführter Baumarten
ine nachhaltige, multifunktionale Forstwirtschaft hat den Anspruch, Wälder so zu pfl egen und zu nutzen, dass deren Produktivität, Verjüngungsfähigkeit, EVitalität und biologische Vielfalt erhalten bleiben. In der Vergangenheit hat sich Band 7 Band 7 Göttinger Forstwissenschaften gezeigt, dass weder im Kielwasser der Rohholzerzeugung noch in jenem des Naturschutzes alle Waldfunktionen angemessen erfüllt werden. Die Integration eingeführter Baumarten in einen Waldbau auf ökologischen Grundlagen erfor- dert daher Kompromisse, die sich auf der Basis wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse Torsten Vor, Hermann Spellmann, in der Regel auch fi nden lassen. Konkret bedeutet dies, dass der Anbau nicht Andreas Bolte, Christian Ammer (Hrsg.) invasiver eingeführter Baumarten in gewissem Umfang vom Naturschutz ebenso akzeptiert wird, wie seitens der Forstwirtschaft naturschutzfachliche Interessen Potenziale und Risiken berücksichtigt werden, indem bei ihrem Anbau auf eine räumliche Ordnung ge- achtet wird und bestehende Vorkommen invasiver Baumarten zurückgedrängt eingeführter Baumarten werden. Ziel dieser Ausarbeitung ist es vor diesem Hintergrund, die Potenziale und Risiken von 15 eingeführten Baumarten auf der Grundlage wissenschaft- Baumartenportraits mit licher Literatur und langjähriger Forschungsarbeiten auf Versuchsfl ächen der verschiedenen Forschungseinrichtungen und Anbaufl ächen der Forstbetriebe naturschutzfachlicher Bewertung aufzuzeigen, um die zwischen Naturschutz und Forstwirtschaft aufgekommene Diskussion zu versachlichen. Vor, Spellmann, Bolte,
[Show full text]
Pine Island Ridge Management Plan
Pine Island Ridge Conservation Management Plan Broward County Parks and Recreation May 2020 Update of 1999 Management Plan Table of Contents A. General Information ..............................................................................................................3 B. Natural and Cultural Resources ...........................................................................................8 C. Use of the Property ..............................................................................................................13 D. Management Activities ........................................................................................................18 E. Works Cited ..........................................................................................................................29 List of Tables Table 1. Management Goals…………………………………………………………………21 Table 2. Estimated Costs……………………………………………………………….........27 List of Attachments Appendix A. Pine Island Ridge Lease 4005……………………………………………... A-1 Appendix B. Property Deeds………….............................................................................. B-1 Appendix C. Pine Island Ridge Improvements………………………………………….. C-1 Appendix D. Conservation Lands within 10 miles of Pine Island Ridge Park………….. D-1 Appendix E. 1948 Aerial Photograph……………………………………………………. E-1 Appendix F. Development Agreement………………………………………………….. F-1 Appendix G. Plant Species Observed at Pine Island Ridge……………………………… G-1 Appendix H. Wildlife Species Observed at Pine Island Ridge ……... …………………. H-1 Appendix
[Show full text]
The Cherimoya in Argentina
California Avocado Society 1942 Yearbook 26: 122-123 The Cherimoya in Argentina Ing. Hernando de Irmay (Translation) The cultivation of the cherimoya in this country is very old. According to data which I have been able to gather, the cherimoyas were brought here from Bolivia, possibly from the region of Tarija or Santa Cruz de la Sierra. There is no record that named varieties of cherimoyas were imported from the exterior, and the existing orchards are almost all of seedlings grown from seeds of the better fruits. In the regions of Salta, Tucuman, and Jujuy, where about 95% of the orchards are located, the method of budding that has been and is still in use is the "umbonata como pie" (bent like a foot, or bent at right angle) which method, up to the present time, has given the best results. At the present time we have in Salta a selection of the best varieties of cherimoya— varieties which have been chosen for their excellent fruits, good production, and greatest resistance to frost. This selection consists of nine varieties, and the distribution of these varieties has already begun. The difficulties which we have in extending on a larger scale the cultivation of the cherimoya consist of the small production of the trees under cultivation and of the poor resistance to occasional freezes in the areas being cultivated. ROLINIA ROOT-STOCK INCREASES HARDINESS In regard to increasing the resistance to frost, the writer started years ago to experiment with the Rolinia emarginata (Rolinia is a plant belonging to the botanical family "Annonaceae") a species which grows wild in Misiones, Formosa, and other areas bordering Paraguay, where it has resisted temperatures as low as 10° centigrade below freezing, on certain occasions, without injury.
[Show full text]
Cytogenetics of Fraxinus Mandshurica and F. Quadrangulata: Ploidy Determination and Rdna Analysis
Tree Genetics & Genomes (2020) 16:26 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-020-1418-6 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Cytogenetics of Fraxinus mandshurica and F. quadrangulata: ploidy determination and rDNA analysis Nurul Islam-Faridi1,2 & Mary E. Mason3 & Jennifer L. Koch4 & C. Dana Nelson5,6 Received: 22 July 2019 /Revised: 1 January 2020 /Accepted: 16 January 2020 # The Author(s) 2020 Abstract Ashes (Fraxinus spp.) are important hardwood tree species in rural, suburban, and urban forests of the eastern USA. Unfortunately, emerald ash borer (EAB, Agrilus planipennis) an invasive insect pest that was accidentally imported from Asia in the late 1980s–early 1990s is destroying them at an alarming rate. All North American ashes are highly susceptible to EAB, although blue ash (F. quadrangulata) may have some inherent attributes that provide it some protection. In contrast Manchurian ash (F. mandshurica) is relatively resistant to EAB having coevolved with the insect pest in its native range in Asia. Given its level of resistance, Manchurian ash has been considered for use in interspecies breeding programs designed to transfer resistance to susceptible North American ash species. One prerequisite for successful interspecies breeding is consistency in chromosome ploidy level and number between the candidate species. In the current study, we cytologically determined that both Manchurian ash and blue ash are diploids (2n) and have the same number of chromosomes (2n =2x = 46). We also characterized these species’ ribosomal gene families (45S and 5S rDNA) using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Both Manchurian and blue ash showed two 45S rDNA and one 5S rDNA sites, but blue ash appears to have an additional site of 45S rDNA.
[Show full text]
Ants Tend Ghost Orchids: Patrolling of Dendrophylax Lindenii (Orchidaceae) by Crematogaster Ashmeadi in Florida
Ants tend ghost orchids: patrolling of Dendrophylax lindenii (Orchidaceae) by Crematogaster ashmeadi in Florida Peter R. Houlihan1,5,*, Andrea Lucky2, Mike Owen3, and Thomas C. Emmel1,2,4,6 Abstract Myriad symbioses exist between insects and orchids, especially in tropical forests where the majority of species are epiphytic. Relationships be- tween ants and rare epiphytic orchids are underrepresented in the scientific literature. The natural history and ecological entomology of Florida’s endangered and epiphytic ghost orchid, Dendrophylax lindenii (Lindley) Bentham ex Rolfe (Orchidaceae), remain limited. Widely recognized for long-standing hypotheses concerning the species’ pollination ecology, that documentation recently overturned, other interactions between insects and ghost orchids are scarce. Here we describe the first associations between ants, Crematogaster ashmeadi Mayr (Hymenoptera: For- micidae), and D. lindenii. Ghost orchid roots provide facultative and opportunistic structures for arboreal ants to use in nesting. Furthermore, excrement from ant colonies within the root mass can increase nutrient availability in the orchid’s nutrient-poor substrate; the proximity of these ants permits patrolling to defend the plant and exert control over possible extra floral nectaries that require further inquiry. This study presents novel observations that expand the known insect associations with ghost orchids, elucidating the complex ecology of one of Florida’s rarest and most endangered species. Key Words: ants; arboreal; ecology; epiphyte; Everglades; Fakahatchee Resumen Existen incontables números de simbiosis entre insectos y orquídeas, especialmente en los bosques tropicales donde la mayoría de las especies son epífitas. Las relaciones entre las hormigas y las orquídeas epífitas más raras están subrepresentadas en la literatura científica.
[Show full text]
ISB: Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants
Longleaf Pine Preserve Plant List Acanthaceae Asteraceae Wild Petunia Ruellia caroliniensis White Aster Aster sp. Saltbush Baccharis halimifolia Adoxaceae Begger-ticks Bidens mitis Walter's Viburnum Viburnum obovatum Deer Tongue Carphephorus paniculatus Pineland Daisy Chaptalia tomentosa Alismataceae Goldenaster Chrysopsis gossypina Duck Potato Sagittaria latifolia Cow Thistle Cirsium horridulum Tickseed Coreopsis leavenworthii Altingiaceae Elephant's foot Elephantopus elatus Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua Oakleaf Fleabane Erigeron foliosus var. foliosus Fleabane Erigeron sp. Amaryllidaceae Prairie Fleabane Erigeron strigosus Simpson's rain lily Zephyranthes simpsonii Fleabane Erigeron vernus Dog Fennel Eupatorium capillifolium Anacardiaceae Dog Fennel Eupatorium compositifolium Winged Sumac Rhus copallinum Dog Fennel Eupatorium spp. Poison Ivy Toxicodendron radicans Slender Flattop Goldenrod Euthamia caroliniana Flat-topped goldenrod Euthamia minor Annonaceae Cudweed Gamochaeta antillana Flag Pawpaw Asimina obovata Sneezeweed Helenium pinnatifidum Dwarf Pawpaw Asimina pygmea Blazing Star Liatris sp. Pawpaw Asimina reticulata Roserush Lygodesmia aphylla Rugel's pawpaw Deeringothamnus rugelii Hempweed Mikania cordifolia White Topped Aster Oclemena reticulata Apiaceae Goldenaster Pityopsis graminifolia Button Rattlesnake Master Eryngium yuccifolium Rosy Camphorweed Pluchea rosea Dollarweed Hydrocotyle sp. Pluchea Pluchea spp. Mock Bishopweed Ptilimnium capillaceum Rabbit Tobacco Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium Blackroot Pterocaulon virgatum
[Show full text]
Orchid Floral Fragrances and Their Niche in Conservation
Florida Orchid Conservation Conference 2011 THE SCENT OF A GHOST Orchid Floral Fragrances and Their Niche in Conservation James J. Sadler WHAT IS FLORAL FRAGRANCE? It is the blend of chemicals emitted by a flower to attract pollinators. These chemicals sometimes cannot be detected by our nose. 1 Florida Orchid Conservation Conference 2011 WHY STUDY FLORAL FRAGRANCE? Knowing the floral compounds may help improve measures to attract specific pollinators, increasing pollination and fruit-set to augment conservation. Chemical compounds can be introduced to increase pollinator density. FLORAL FRAGRANCE: BACKGROUND INFORMATION 90 plant families worldwide have been studied for floral fragrance, especially the Orchidaceae6 > 97% of orchid species remain unstudied7 Of all plants studied so far, the 5 most prevalent compounds are: limonene (71%), (E)-β-ocimene (71%), myrcene (70%), linalool (70%), and α-pinene (67%)6 2 Florida Orchid Conservation Conference 2011 POSSIBLE POLLINATORS BEES Found to pollinate via mimicry POSSIBLE POLLINATORS WASPS Similar as bees 3 Florida Orchid Conservation Conference 2011 POSSIBLE POLLINATORS FLIES Dracula spp. produce a smell similar to fungus where the eggs are laid POSSIBLE POLLINATORS MOTHS Usually white, large and fragrant at night 4 Florida Orchid Conservation Conference 2011 CASE STUDY The Ghost Orchid State Endangered1 Dendrophylax lindenii THE GHOST ORCHID Range: S Florida to Cuba Epiphyte of large cypress domes and hardwood hammocks Often affixed to pond apple or pop ash Leafless Flowers May-August 5 Florida
[Show full text]
University of Tennessee Instructor Copy
Copy This chapter is an edited version An Overview of the Physical of a manuscript by the same title Environment, Flora, and written by Edward W. Chester. Vegetation of Tennessee In addition to editing, some 2 material has been deleted from and some added to the original Instructormanuscript by the editors of this publication. Portions of the original manuscript were condensed from Guide to the Vascular Plants of Tennessee, compiled and edited by the Tennessee Flora Committee. Copyright © 2015 by The University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville. Used by permission granted to Edward W. Chester. See author’s notes for additional Tennessee information. of University Copy AUTHOR'S NOTES A more complete discussion of the topics in this chapter can be found in Chapter 1, “The Physical Environment of Tennessee” (written by Edward W. Chester) and Chapter 3, ”An Overview of the Vegetation of Tennessee” (coauthored by Hal R. DeSelm and William H. Martin) in the Guide to the Vascular Plants of Tennessee referenced at the beginning of this chapter. The contents of the two chapters are based on almost 200 combined years of study by the three authors and the nearly 100 references they cite. The authors are: Instructor Edward W. Chester, Professor Emeritus of Biology and Botany, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, Tenn. Hal R. DeSelm (deceased), Professor Emeritus of Botany and the Graduate Program in Ecology, University of Tennessee at Knoxville. Dr. DeSelm died on July 12, 2011. William H. Martin, Professor Emeritus of Biology and Director of the Division of Natural Areas, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond. He served as Commissioner of Kentucky's Department for Natural Resources from 1992 to 1998.
[Show full text]
Black Ash Is an Important Tree for the BLACK ASH Making of Lacrosse Sticks Used by the Mohawk and Fraxinus Nigra Marsh
Ethnobotanic: Black ash is an important tree for the BLACK ASH making of lacrosse sticks used by the Mohawk and Fraxinus nigra Marsh. other tribes of the Eastern United States. Trunks at least 6 to 8 inches across are harvested for their bark. plant symbol = FRNI The Abnaki, Ojibwa, Malecite, Meskwaki, and other cultural groups use the bark to make baskets. The Contributed By: USDA, NRCS, National Plant Data inner bark of the black ash was used to make a bark Center & the Biota of North America Program barrel by the Iroquois which was used for storing dried vegetables, fruits, and seeds, as well as clothing. The tree traditionally was a valuable medicine to many tribes in Eastern North America. The Iroquois steeped the bark of the tree together with the roots and bark of other plants to treat rheumatism. The Menomini used the inner bark of the trunk as a valuable medicine and as a seasoner for other medicines. The Meskwaki made a tea from a mixture of the wood with the root of Smilacina racemosa to loosen the bowels. They also used the inner bark of the trunk as a remedy for any internal ailments. Non-Indian settlers used a bark infusion as a bitter tonic. Black ash is not an outstanding ornamental, but it is cold tolerant, good for wet soils, and relatively tolerant of atmospheric pollution. Cultivars and hybrids have been developed, emphasizing upright growth, oval crown form, growth vigor, bright yellow fall foliage, persistence of fall foliage, and seedlessness. Wildlife: The winged seeds are eaten by a number of birds including wood ducks, quail, bobwhite, purple finches, and pine grosbeaks.
[Show full text]