Herpetology Notes, volume 10: 579-583 (2017) (published online on 25 October 2017)

New locality records, morphology, and advertisement call of sertanejo (Anura: : Leptodactylinae) from Cerrado wetlands in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil

1, 1 1,2 André Pansonato *, Jessica Rhaiza Mudrek and Christine Strüssmann

The family Leptodactylidae is currently composed of collected in Mato Grosso State, mid-western Brazil. 203 species (Frost, 2017), allocated to three subfamilies To our knowledge, this is the first state record for the (Pyron and Wiens, 2011): (94 species), species. Leptodactylinae (96 species), and Paratelmatobiinae (13 During field expeditions for herpetological inventories species). Members of this family are widely distributed and/or monitoring, we found individuals of Leptodactylus across the Neotropical region, from North America sertanejo in three distinct municipalities of Mato (southern Texas State) to Central and South America Grosso: Porto Estrela, Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade, (Frost, 2017). In the Leptodactylinae subfamily, the and Cuiabá (Fig. 1), within two different localities in the genus Leptodactylus currently includes 74 valid species latter (Coxipó do Ouro: 15.5316°S, 55.9477°W; 188 m (Frost, 2017), allocated to four species groups (De Sá a.s.l.; Coxipó Açu: 15.2022°S, 56.0053°W; 327 m a.s.l). et al., 2014). At the ecological station of Serra das Araras, a protected Leptodactylus sertanejo is a mid-sized (mean area in Porto Estrela, individuals were found at the snout-vent length is 54.3 mm in females and 51.0 mm in males; Giaretta and Costa, 2007) described from the municipality of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, and is widely distributed across Central and Northern Brazil (Lima et al., 2015). It belongs to the Leptodactylus fuscus group, together with other morphologically similar species, which are predominantly recognised by differences in their advertisement calls (Carvalho et al., 2013; De Sá et al., 2014). Although there is a morphological resemblance among these species, L. sertanejo is distinguished from them based on morphology / SVL, except L. jolyi, from which L. sertanejo only differs in call traits (Giaretta and Costa, 2007). Herein, we provide morphological and bioacoustic data on individuals of L. sertanejo

Figure 1. Geographic localities of Leptodactylus sertanejo in 1 Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, eight Brazilian states, with new records in Mato Grosso State Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato (black circles): 1 – Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade; 2 – Porto Grosso (UFMT), 78060–900, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil Estrela; 3 – Cuiabá, Coxipó do Ouro; 4 – Cuiabá, Coxipó Açu. 2 Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de The black star corresponds to the type locality (municipality Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060–900, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais State; Giaretta and Costa 2007); Brazil black squares are records from the literature (Lima et al. 2015). * Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] Inset map: South America. 580 André Pansonato et al.

Table 1. Measurements (mm) of specimens of Leptodactylus sertanejo from three localities in Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Values represent mean ± standard deviation and range (minimum–maximum). N = Number of specimens analysed.

Municipality Porto Estrela Vila Bela da Santíssima Cuiabá Trindade Males (N=6) Female Male Female Male Snout-vent length 51.6±2.17 52.72 48.61 52.5 49.2 (48.7–54.6) Head length 20.7±2.3 23.14 21.16 19.2 20.04 (17.6–23.1) Head width 15.2±0.7 16.18 15.35 17.4 15.22 (14.02–16.18) Eye diameter 5.36±0.50 5.65 5.3 5.6 4.93 (4.66–5.93) Tympanum diameter 3.4±0.43 3.74 3.07 3.5 3.25 (2.64–3.75) Thigh length 23.57±2.36 27.72 21.01 27.8 23.25 (21.3–27.72) Tibia length 31.6±1.47 34.36 28.17 32.8 26.86 (30.19–34.36) Foot length 27.7±1.79 26.73 26.86 27.1 29.49 (24.6–29.3)

top of the Serra Grande, on the edge of a flat plateau Instituto de Biociências (LH; municipality of Cuiabá, (15.6636°S, 57.2200°W; 740 m a.s.l.). In Vila Bela da Mato Grosso State, Brazil). In addition, we reanalysed Santíssima Trindade, individuals were found at the top eight advertisement calls of two individuals from the of Serra da Borda (14.8397°S, 59.6688°W; 760 m a.s.l), type locality (Giaretta and Costa, 2007) and 15 calls in the vicinity of a gold mining project. Ten individuals of two individuals from Maranhão State (Lima et al., were collected and deposited in the Coleção Zoológica 2015), and compared them to the calls obtained in Mato de Vertebrados, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Grosso State (Table 2). Cuiabá, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, under the numbers The bioacoustic terminology follows that outlined by UFMT 4056, 16595 (two females), and UFMT 8384, Köhler et al. (2017). The following temporal parameters 10608, 14893, 16594, 16596–9 (eight males). Collecting were measured from the waveform: note duration (s); permits were issued by the Chico Mendes Institute for inter-note interval (s); note repetition rate (number of Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio licenses # 19518-1 notes per minute). The bandwidth range (low and high and 13429-1). frequency; Hz) and the dominant frequency (peak Morphometric characters were measured to the nearest frequency; Hz) were obtained from spectrograms. 0.1 mm with a digital caliper under a stereomicroscope. Recordings were analysed on a personal computer Measurements for snout-vent length, head length, and using Raven Pro 1.3 (Bioacoustic Research Program, head width followed Duellman (1970). Measurements 2012), with the following settings: Hamming window for foot length, tibia length, and thigh length followed function; window length 256 samples; DFT size 256- Heyer et al. (1990). Measurements for tympanum point samples; brightness = 71%; contrast = 79%; time diameter and eye diameter followed Watters et al. (2016). grid overlap = 50%. To produce audiospectrograms and We also recorded and analysed 141 advertisement waveforms, we used the R package “Seewave” (Sueur calls of three males from Porto Estrela, using a digital et al., 2008) and tuneR (Ligges et al., 2014), with the recorder (Marantz PMD 660) equipped with an external following settings: FFT size of 256 points, Hanning directional microphone (Yoga EM-9600). The files window, and 90% of overlap. were subsequently saved as uncompressed wave We found individuals of Leptodactylus sertanejo files, and archived in the following acoustic database (Fig. 2) in open established over hydromorphic at Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso: Banco de terrains considered by Junk et al. (2014) as Cerrado Registros Bioacústicos, Laboratório de Herpetologia, wetlands. These include treeless wet “campos” and New locality records, morphology, and advertisement call of Leptodactylus sertanejo 581

Figure 2. Live specimens of Leptodactylus sertanejo from Mato Grosso State, mid-western Brazil: A) adult male (UFMT 16599) from Estação Ecológica da Serra das Araras, Porto Estrela; B) adult male (UFMT 8384) from Coxipó do Ouro, Cuiabá; C) adult female (UFMT 4056) and D) adult male (UFMT 14893) from Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade. Photographs by C. Strüssmann (A-C) and R. A. Kawashita-Ribeiro (D).

the “veredas”, which are extensive grasslands lateral (Burmeister, 1861); L. syphax Bokermann, 1969; to narrow oligotrophic streams lined with stands of Physalaemus cuvieri Fitzinger, 1826; Pseudopaludicola the buriti palm Mauritia flexuosa (see Huntley and ameghini (Cope, 1887); Pseudopaludicola mystacalis Walker, 1982). Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade is (Cope, 1887); Pseudopaludicola saltica (Cope, 1887)], situated approximately 1300 km northwest from the microhylids (Elachistocleis matogrosso Caramaschi, species’ type locality, and presently corresponds to the 2010), hylids [Hypsiboas albopunctatus (Spix, 1824)], westernmost known record of L. sertanejo in Brazil. and/or dendrobatids [Ameerega braccata (Steindachner, We here extend the species’ range approximately 770 1864)]. Some of the species mentioned above – including km northwestwards from Parque Nacional das Emas, in L. sertanejo – can be considered as frequently associated the municipality of Mineiros (Kopp et al., 2010), and to Cerrado wetlands, as previously postulated for 940 km westwards from Reserva Extrativista Lago do Pseudopaludicola ameghini (Pansonato et al., 2013). Cedro, in the municipality of Aruanã (Melo et al., 2013), Morphological characteristics of the collected both of which are located in Goiás State (Fig. 1). specimens of Leptodactylus sertanejo (Table 1) were We found calling males of L. sertanejo in November consistent with those described by Giaretta and Costa 2005, February and December 2009, February and (2007). This species is very similar and may not be November 2010, and November 2014. Males called at morphologically differentiated from L. jolyi, according night, at the base of grass or sedge tussocks, occasionally to Giaretta and Costa (2007) and De Sá et al. (2014). in syntopy with other leptodactylids [ sp.; However, the two species allegedly differ in acoustic Leptodactylus chaquensis Cei, 1950; L. fuscus (Schneider, parameters of their advertisement calls (Giaretta and 1799); L. labyrinthicus (Spix, 1824); L. mystacinus Costa, 2007): the advertisement call of L. sertanejo 582 André Pansonato et al.

Table 2. Measurements of acoustic parameters from individuals of Leptodactylus sertanejo in Brazil. Values represent mean ± standard deviation and range (minimum–maximum). Calls from Minas Gerais and Maranhão were recorded by other researchers and reanalysed here (see text for details).

State Mato Grosso Minas Gerais Maranhão Uberlândia Municipality Porto Estrela Mirador (type locality) Recording LH05 LH15 LH29 Mean (N=2 males) (N=2 males) Number of calls (notes) analysed 62 40 39 8 15 Air temperature (ºC) 23 22.2 23.6 23–24 – Note duration (s) 0.013±0.002 0.027±0.004 0.018±0.002 0.018±0.006 0.022±0.003 0.032±0.006 (0.006–0.016) (0.018–0.035) (0.014–0.023) (0.006–0.035) (0.020–0.025) (0.024–0.045) Inter-note interval (s) 2.45±1.8 3.3±0.9 5.6±1.9 3.6±2.1 3.4±2.8 2.5±2.1 (0.6–9.1) (2.2–6.6) (2.95–11.6) (0.6–11.6) (1.1–6.9) (0.5–8.8) Notes per minute 37.3±22.45 19.3±5.2 11.7±3.6 25.1±18.9 30.5±20.2 49.2±37.9 (6.5–99.2) (9.1–29.3) (5.2–20.2) (5.2–99.2) (8.6–51.7) (6.7–102.7) Minimum frequency (Hz) 437.8±118.1 479.3±45.3 468.6±106.4 458.1±100.3 481.3±44.3 556.3±72.1 (212–706.6) 329.7–541.7 216.5–666.2 212–706.6 400–532.9 419–636 Maximum frequency (Hz) 3715.3±205 3180.3±258.6 2896.1±118.2 3337.2±406.8 2736.5±205.4 3075.5±94.8 (3108.9–4192.3) 2848.8–3791.9 2747.9–3164.3 2747.9–4129.3 2543–2981 2864–3233 Dominant frequency (Hz) 2181.1±112.2 2028.4±82.6 2062.8±100.7 2105.1±121.9 1968.7±92.1 2226.2±130.8 (2067.2–2411.7) (1894.9–2239.5) (1894.9–2239.5) (1894.9–2411.7) (1894.9–2067.2) (2067–2411.7)

consists of a non-pulsed note with duration that varies Calls recorded in the municipality of Porto Estrela from 0.01 – 0.03 s (Giaretta and Costa, 2007; Lima et were consistent with the acoustic parameters of al., 2015), while the note duration of L. jolyi is slightly Leptodactylus sertanejo from the type locality. Each longer, varying from 0.03 – 0.04 s (Giaretta and Costa, call consisted of a tonal note, with ascendant frequency 2007). modulation (Table 2; Fig. 3). The dominant frequency varied from 1894.9 – 2411.7 Hz (mean ± SD = 2105.1 ± 121.9 Hz) and the frequency band varied from 458.1 ± 100.3 Hz to 3337.2 Hz ± 406.8 Hz. The calls were emitted at a rate of 5.2 – 99.2 notes per minute (25.0 ± 18.9). Note duration varied from 0.006 – 0.035 s (0.018 ± 0.006 s), and inter-note intervals varied from 0.6 – 11.6 s (3.6 ± 2.1 s). Calls from both Mato Grosso State and the type locality (municipality of Uberlândia) showed slight discrepancies when compared to those recorded in the northernmost distribution record of the species (southern Maranhão State; Lima et al., 2015): calls had a longer note duration and a slightly higher dominant frequency. The variation reported in these two acoustic parameters, recorded at distinct localities of occurrence of L. sertanejo in the Cerrado wetlands, encompasses the values considered to represent its sister species L. jolyi (note duration: 0.03 – 0.04 s; dominant frequency: 1800 – 2400 Hz; Giaretta and Costa, 2007). The mean Figure 3. Oscillogram and spectrogram of the advertisement values of acoustic parameters of the population from call of Leptodactylus sertanejo recorded at Estação Ecológica da Serra das Araras, municipality of Porto Estrela (Mato Maranhão State are more similar to those of L. jolyi, Grosso State, Brazil). Sound file: LH 05 (voucher specimen: while the mean values of the sample from Mato Grosso UFMT 14893), recorded on 17 December 2009, 21:11h, air State are more similar to those from the type locality temperature = 23°C. of L. sertanejo. Therefore, the taxonomic uncertainty New locality records, morphology, and advertisement call of Leptodactylus sertanejo 583 between L. jolyi and L. sertanejo still persists, and could Kopp, K., Signorelli, L., Bastos, R.P. (2010): Distribuição temporal benefit from integrating morphological and bioacoustic e diversidade de modos reprodutivos de anfíbios anuros no data with molecular evidence, as well as with the Parque Nacional das Emas e entorno, estado de Goiás, Brasil. Iheringia Série Zoologia 100: 192–200. description of larval characteristics for L. sertanejo. Köhler, J., Lötters, S. (1999): Annotated list of records from the Departamento Pando, Bolivia, with description of some Acknowledgements. We thank Felipe F. 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