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Rotation 8/23/15, 2:04 PM

Print this page Review & Summary Angular To describe the of a about a fixed axis, called the rotation axis, we assume a reference is fixed in the body, to that axis and rotating with the body. We the angular position θ of this line relative to a fixed direction. When θ is measured in ,

(10-1)

where s is the arc of a circular path of r and θ. measure is related to angle measure in revolutions and degrees by

(10-2)

Angular A body that rotates about a rotation axis, changing its angular position from θ1 to θ2, undergoes an

(10-4)

where is positive for counterclockwise rotation and negative for clockwise rotation.

Angular and If a body rotates through an angular displacement in a interval , its average ωavg is

(10-5)

The (instantaneous) angular velocity ω of the body is

(10-6)

Both ωavg and ω are vectors, with directions given by the right-hand rule of Fig. 10-6. They are positive for counterclockwise rotation and negative for clockwise rotation. The of the body's angular velocity is the angular speed.

Angular If the angular velocity of a body changes from ω1 to ω2 in a time interval , the average αavg of the body is

(10-7)

The (instantaneous) angular acceleration α of the body is

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(10-8)

Both αavg and α are vectors.

The Kinematic Equations for Constant Angular Acceleration Constant angular acceleration is an important special case of rotational . The appropriate kinematic equations, given in Table 10-1, are

(10-12)

(10-13)

(10-14)

(10-15)

(10-16)

Linear and Angular Variables Related A in a rigid rotating body, at a perpendicular r from the rotation axis, moves in a with radius r. If the body rotates through an angle θ, the point moves along an arc with length s given by

(10-17)

where θ is in radians. The linear velocity of the point is to the circle; the point's linear speed v is given by

(10-18)

where ω is the angular speed (in radians per ) of the body. The linear acceleration of the point has both tangential and radial components. The tangential component is

(10-22)

where α is the magnitude of the angular acceleration (in radians per second-squared) of the body. The radial component of is

(10-23)

If the point moves in uniform , the period T of the motion for the point and the body is http://edugen.wileyplus.com/edugen/courses/crs7165/halliday9781118230…k5NzgxMTE4MjMwNzI1YzEwLXNlYy0wMDUwLnhmb3Jt.enc?course=crs7165&id=ref Page 2 of 4 Rotation 8/23/15, 2:04 PM

(10-19, 10-20)

Rotational Kinetic and Rotational The K of a rigid body rotating about a fixed axis is given by

(10-34)

in which I is the rotational inertia of the body, defined as

(10-33)

for a system of discrete particles and defined as

(10-35)

for a body with continuously distributed . The r and ri in these expressions represent the perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation to each mass element in the body, and the integration is carried out over the entire body so as to include every mass element.

The Parallel-Axis Theorem The parallel-axis theorem relates the rotational inertia I of a body about any axis to that of the same body about a parallel axis through the :

(10-36)

Here h is the perpendicular distance between the two axes, and is the rotational inertia of the body about the axis through the com. We can describe h as being the distance the actual rotation axis has been shifted from the rotation axis through the com.

Torque is a turning or twisting on a body about a rotation axis due to a . If is exerted at a point given by the position vector relative to the axis, then the magnitude of the torque is

(10-40, 10-41, 10-39)

where Ft is the component of perpendicular to and is the angle between and . The is the perpendicular distance between the rotation axis and an extended line running through the vector. This line is called the

line of action of , and is called the arm of . Similarly, r is the moment arm of Ft. The SI unit of torque is the -meter . A torque τ is positive if it tends to rotate a body at rest counterclockwise and negative if it tends to rotate the body clockwise.

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Newton's Second Law in Angular Form The rotational analog of Newton's second law is

(10-45)

where is the net torque acting on a particle or rigid body, I is the rotational inertia of the particle or body about the rotation axis, and α is the resulting angular acceleration about that axis.

Work and Rotational Kinetic Energy The equations used for calculating and in rotational motion correspond to equations used for translational motion and are

(10-53)

and

(10-55)

When τ is constant, Eq. 10-53 reduces to

(10-54)

The form of the work-kinetic energy theorem used for rotating bodies is

(10-52)

Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

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