Chapter 4 Council of State and Executive Branch
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The Struggle to Redevelop a Jim Crow State, 1960–2000
Educating for a New Economy: The Struggle to Redevelop a Jim Crow State, 1960–2000 by William D. Goldsmith Department of History Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Nancy MacLean, Supervisor ___________________________ Edward J. Balleisen ___________________________ Adriane Lentz-Smith ___________________________ Gary Gereffi ___________________________ Helen Ladd Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History in The Graduate School of Duke University 2018 ABSTRACT Educating for a New Economy: The Struggle to Redevelop a Jim Crow State, 1960–2000 by William D. Goldsmith Department of History Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Nancy MacLean, Supervisor ___________________________ Edward J. Balleisen ___________________________ Adriane Lentz-Smith ___________________________ Gary Gereffi ___________________________ Helen Ladd An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History in the Graduate School of Duke University 2018 Copyright by William D. Goldsmith 2018 Abstract This dissertation shows how an array of policymakers, invested in uprooting an unequal political economy descended from the plantation system and Jim Crow, gravitated to education as a centerpiece of development strategy, and why so many are still disappointed in its outcomes. By looking at state-wide policymaking in North Carolina and policy effects in the state’s black belt counties, this study shows why the civil rights movement was vital for shifting state policy in former Jim Crow states towards greater investment in human resources. By breaking down employment barriers to African Americans and opening up the South to new people and ideas, the civil rights movement fostered a new climate for economic policymaking, and a new ecosystem of organizations flourished to promote equitable growth. -
Official Record of Proceedings
LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL ─ 3 November 2010 1399 OFFICIAL RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS Wednesday, 3 November 2010 The Council met at Eleven o'clock MEMBERS PRESENT: THE PRESIDENT THE HONOURABLE JASPER TSANG YOK-SING, G.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE ALBERT HO CHUN-YAN IR DR THE HONOURABLE RAYMOND HO CHUNG-TAI, S.B.S., S.B.ST.J., J.P. THE HONOURABLE LEE CHEUK-YAN DR THE HONOURABLE DAVID LI KWOK-PO, G.B.M., G.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE FRED LI WAH-MING, S.B.S., J.P. DR THE HONOURABLE MARGARET NG THE HONOURABLE JAMES TO KUN-SUN THE HONOURABLE CHEUNG MAN-KWONG THE HONOURABLE CHAN KAM-LAM, S.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE MRS SOPHIE LEUNG LAU YAU-FUN, G.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE LEUNG YIU-CHUNG DR THE HONOURABLE PHILIP WONG YU-HONG, G.B.S. 1400 LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL ─ 3 November 2010 THE HONOURABLE WONG YUNG-KAN, S.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE LAU KONG-WAH, J.P. THE HONOURABLE LAU WONG-FAT, G.B.M., G.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE MIRIAM LAU KIN-YEE, G.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE EMILY LAU WAI-HING, J.P. THE HONOURABLE ANDREW CHENG KAR-FOO THE HONOURABLE TIMOTHY FOK TSUN-TING, G.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE TAM YIU-CHUNG, G.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE ABRAHAM SHEK LAI-HIM, S.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE LI FUNG-YING, S.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE TOMMY CHEUNG YU-YAN, S.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE FREDERICK FUNG KIN-KEE, S.B.S., J.P. -
Ch 5 NC Legislature.Indd
The State Legislature The General Assembly is the oldest governmental body in North Carolina. According to tradition, a “legislative assembly of free holders” met for the first time around 1666. No documentary proof, however, exists proving that this assembly actually met. Provisions for a representative assembly in Proprietary North Carolina can be traced to the Concessions and Agreements, adopted in 1665, which called for an unicameral body composed of the governor, his council and twelve delegates selected annually to sit as a legislature. This system of representation prevailed until 1670, when Albemarle County was divided into three precincts. Berkeley Precinct, Carteret Precinct and Shaftsbury Precinct were apparently each allowed five representatives. Around 1682, four new precincts were created from the original three as the colony’s population grew and the frontier moved westward. The new precincts were usually allotted two representatives, although some were granted more. Beginning with the Assembly of 1723, several of the larger, more important towns were allowed to elect their own representatives. Edenton was the first town granted this privilege, followed by Bath, New Bern, Wilmington, Brunswick, Halifax, Campbellton (Fayetteville), Salisbury, Hillsborough and Tarborough. Around 1735 Albemarle and Bath Counties were dissolved and the precincts became counties. The unicameral legislature continued until around 1697, when a bicameral form was adopted. The governor or chief executive at the time, and his council constituted the upper house. The lower house, the House of Burgesses, was composed of representatives elected from the colony’s various precincts. The lower house could adopt its own rules of procedure and elect its own speaker and other officers. -
Minutes Have Been Seen by the Administration)
立法會 Legislative Council LC Paper No. CB(2)2417/08-09 (These minutes have been seen by the Administration) Ref : CB2/BC/6/08 Bills Committee on Domestic Violence (Amendment) Bill 2009 Minutes of the second meeting held on Thursday, 30 July 2009, at 9:00 am in the Chamber of the Legislative Council Building Members : Hon LEE Cheuk-yan (Chairman) present Hon James TO Kun-sun Hon Miriam LAU Kin-yee, GBS, JP Hon Emily LAU Wai-hing, JP Hon LI Fung-ying, BBS, JP Hon Albert CHAN Wai-yip Hon Alan LEONG Kah-kit, SC Hon LEUNG Kwok-hung Hon Starry LEE Wai-king Dr Hon Priscilla LEUNG Mei-fun Hon CHEUNG Kwok-che Hon Paul TSE Wai-chun Members : Dr Hon Margaret NG absent Hon TAM Yiu-chung, GBS, JP Hon Frederick FUNG Kin-kee, SBS, JP Hon Audrey EU Yuet-mee, SC, JP Hon Ronny TONG Ka-wah, SC Hon Cyd HO Sau-lan Hon Paul CHAN Mo-po, MH, JP Hon WONG Sing-chi Public Officers : Miss Eliza LEE attending Deputy Secretary for Labour and Welfare (Welfare)1 Mrs Alison LAU Principal Assistant Secretary for Labour and Welfare (Welfare)2 - 2 - Ms Winnie LEUNG Assistant Secretary for Labour and Welfare (Welfare)2A Mr WONG Shun Assistant Director for Social Welfare (Family and Child Welfare) (Ag) Deputations : Session 1 by invitation Women Coalition of HKSAR Ms CHAN Man-wai Chairperson The Against Elderly Abuse of Hong Kong Mr FOO Wai-lok Principal Consultant (Elderly Services) Civic Party Mr Thomas YU Exco Member The Conference of Mennonite Churches in Hong Kong Mr CHOI Wing-kau Pastor Rainbow Action Mr SHAM Tsz-kit Member Hong Kong Christian Institute Ms WONG Mei-fung -
W4728 James Martin
Southern Campaigns American Revolution Pension Statements & Rosters 1 Pension application of James Martin W4728 Martha Martin HQ19 & f86NC Transcribed by Will Graves 7/17/06 rev'd 8/8/14 [Methodology: Spelling, punctuation and/or grammar have been corrected in some instances for ease of reading and to facilitate searches of the database. Where the meaning is not compromised by adhering to the spelling, punctuation or grammar, no change has been made. Corrections or additional notes have been inserted within brackets or footnotes. Blanks appearing in the transcripts reflect blanks in the original. A bracketed question mark indicates that the word or words preceding it represent(s) a guess by me. The word 'illegible' or 'indecipherable' appearing in brackets indicates that at the time I made the transcription, I was unable to decipher the word or phrase in question. Only materials pertinent to the military service of the veteran and to contemporary events have been transcribed. Affidavits that provide additional information on these events are included and genealogical information is abstracted, while standard, 'boilerplate' affidavits and attestations related solely to the application, and later nineteenth and twentieth century research requests for information have been omitted. I use speech recognition software to make all my transcriptions. Such software misinterprets my southern accent with unfortunate regularity and my poor proofreading skills fail to catch all misinterpretations. Also, dates or numbers which the software treats as numerals rather than words are not corrected: for example, the software transcribes "the eighth of June one thousand eighty six" as "the 8th of June 1786." Please call material errors or omissions to my attention.] [p 5] Stokes County North Carolina October 1832 The Declaration of James Martin Sr. -
PEELER: O. Max Gardner's Legacy Lives Strong
PEELER: O. Max Gardner's Legacy Lives Strong BY TIM PEELER RALEIGH, N.C. – O. Max Gardner would probably have to recuse himself from rooting for a winner this weekend. And, rest assured, the consummate politician would. That's because Gardner, the great Depression-era governor and leader of the "Shelby Dynasty" of North Carolina politics, was a pioneering football player and athlete at the North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts at the turn of the 20th century. He would never pull against his alma mater. But he is also half the namesake of Gardner-Webb University, the Boiling Springs, N.C., institution that will send its football team to play against NC State Saturday evening at Carter- Finley Stadium. Kickoff is slated for 6 p.m. It may well be the first time in the history of college football that a team has faced an opponent that is named after one of its former players. More than 60 of the 246 Division I football schools (121 Football Bowl Series and 125 Football Championship Series) are named for individuals, but Gardner is believed to be the only one who played college football. There's no evidence that Austin Peay, the Rev. Alfred Cookman, P.G. Grambling, William Hofstra or Frank Park Samford – all of whom have institutions of higher learning named after them – ever donned helmet and pads during their college days. All the other schools were named after people born and raised well before college football began or most definitely not football players. So this first meeting between in-state schools might also make a little college football history. -
GOVERNOR ALEXANDER MARTIN (First Administration), 1781-1785, N.D
Governors’ Papers 1 Alexander Martin GOVERNOR ALEXANDER MARTIN (First Administration), 1781-1785, n.d. Arrangement: By record series, then chronological Reprocessed by: James Mark Valsame Date: September 3, 2009 Alexander Martin (1738 – November 2, 1807), merchant, lawyer, legislator, governor, and senator, was born at Lebanon, Amwell Township, Hunterdon County, NJ, the oldest son of Hugh and Jane Hunter Martin. Hugh Martin was born near Inniskilling, County Tyrone, Ireland, about 1700; Jane Hunter Martin was born in County Antrim, Ireland, about 1720. The two families migrated within a few years of each other in the late 1720s, landing at New Castle, DE, but settling soon afterwards in New Jersey, where Hugh and Jane first met and were married. Little is known of Alexander Martin’s childhood except for a comment of his brother that he did not speak a word until four. His father became a moderately prosperous farmer, served as a justice of the peace, and for a period conducted an English school. Alexander attended Francis Alison’s academy at New London, Connecticut, and then Newark College, which, while he was a student, was moved, under the direction of President Aaron Burr, to Princeton, N.J. Martin received A.B. (September 29,1756) and A.M. (1759) degrees from Princeton. After graduation he moved to Cumberland, Virginia, where, for just over a year, he served as a tutor to the son of N. Davies and conducted a school. He returned briefly to New Jersey, apparently on family business, before making a permanent move south to seek his fortune. Martin settled in Salisbury, NC, about 1760, and became a merchant. -
Descendants of Thomas Bragg
Descendants of Thomas Bragg Generation No. 1 1 1. T HOMAS B RAGG was born Abt. 1580 in England. He married M ARY (MOLLY) N EWPORT Abt. 1615 in James Town, James City, Virginia, daughter of C HRISTOPHER N EWPORT and K ATHERINE P ROCTOR . Notes for T HOMAS B RAGG : There is a common folk-tale of "Six Bragg brothers in England. Three went North, three went South." Thomas, William, and John being the ones who went South in England. Supposedly the Susan Constant (under Adm. Christopher Newport's command and, according to Daughter's of the American Revolution, carrying two Bragg teenagers, Thomas and John. Thomas Bragg and Molly Newport were joined in matrimony about two years before Christopher Newport's death. Born in England around the year 1580, Thomas served a stint in the British Navy prior to being hired by his future father-in-law. Little is known about his life in England, just that he and two brothers, John and William, came to America, settled, and became the ancestors of the vast majority of Bragg families currently living in the United States. Having "obtained land grants from the Crown" for his services in the Navy, Thomas and his new bride, Molly Newport, settled down to begin raising their children, the first Braggs born in America, William (1624) and John Bragg. Little is known about John and his family, but the descendants of his brother William have been extensively researched. William was blessed with the birth of a son (John) in 1647. The child was born at Old Rappahannock, Virginia, the location to which William migrated. -
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Z0rz.BI U<mOu—1a< U)E__4<:Pm DZELUm(7‘)£—«>4 COMMENCEMENT MAY 14I 2011 NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY COMMENCEMENT MAY 14, 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS Greetings from the Chancellor ............................................................................................. ii Exercises of Commencement...............................................................................................iii Musical Program ...................................................................................................................iv Academic Costume, Academic Honors, and the Alma Mater ........................................ v Honorary Degrees.................................................................................................................vi Robert Weiss ..............................................................................................................vi James E. Rogers ........................................................................................................vii Commencement Speaker, James E. Rogers .....................................................................Vii Time and Location for Departmental Ceremonies........................................................ viii ROTC Commissionees........................................................................................................... x Commencement Marshalls, Ushers, and Color Guard xi University Mace ................................................................................................................... xii University Medallion..........................................................................................................xiii -
CHAIRMEN of SENATE STANDING COMMITTEES [Table 5-3] 1789–Present
CHAIRMEN OF SENATE STANDING COMMITTEES [Table 5-3] 1789–present INTRODUCTION The following is a list of chairmen of all standing Senate committees, as well as the chairmen of select and joint committees that were precursors to Senate committees. (Other special and select committees of the twentieth century appear in Table 5-4.) Current standing committees are highlighted in yellow. The names of chairmen were taken from the Congressional Directory from 1816–1991. Four standing committees were founded before 1816. They were the Joint Committee on ENROLLED BILLS (established 1789), the joint Committee on the LIBRARY (established 1806), the Committee to AUDIT AND CONTROL THE CONTINGENT EXPENSES OF THE SENATE (established 1807), and the Committee on ENGROSSED BILLS (established 1810). The names of the chairmen of these committees for the years before 1816 were taken from the Annals of Congress. This list also enumerates the dates of establishment and termination of each committee. These dates were taken from Walter Stubbs, Congressional Committees, 1789–1982: A Checklist (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1985). There were eleven committees for which the dates of existence listed in Congressional Committees, 1789–1982 did not match the dates the committees were listed in the Congressional Directory. The committees are: ENGROSSED BILLS, ENROLLED BILLS, EXAMINE THE SEVERAL BRANCHES OF THE CIVIL SERVICE, Joint Committee on the LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, LIBRARY, PENSIONS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, RETRENCHMENT, REVOLUTIONARY CLAIMS, ROADS AND CANALS, and the Select Committee to Revise the RULES of the Senate. For these committees, the dates are listed according to Congressional Committees, 1789– 1982, with a note next to the dates detailing the discrepancy. -
When African-Americans Were Republicans in North Carolina, the Target of Suppressive Laws Was Black Republicans. Now That They
When African-Americans Were Republicans in North Carolina, The Target of Suppressive Laws Was Black Republicans. Now That They Are Democrats, The Target Is Black Democrats. The Constant Is Race. A Report for League of Women Voters v. North Carolina By J. Morgan Kousser Table of Contents Section Title Page Number I. Aims and Methods 3 II. Abstract of Findings 3 III. Credentials 6 IV. A Short History of Racial Discrimination in North Carolina Politics A. The First Disfranchisement 8 B. Election Laws and White Supremacy in the Post-Civil War South 8 C. The Legacy of White Political Supremacy Hung on Longer in North Carolina than in Other States of the “Rim South” 13 V. Democratizing North Carolina Election Law and Increasing Turnout, 1995-2009 A. What Provoked H.B. 589? The Effects of Changes in Election Laws Before 2010 17 B. The Intent and Effect of Election Laws Must Be Judged by their Context 1. The First Early Voting Bill, 1993 23 2. No-Excuse Absentee Voting, 1995-97 24 3. Early Voting Launched, 1999-2001 25 4. An Instructive Incident and Out-of-Precinct Voting, 2005 27 5. A Fair and Open Process: Same-Day Registration, 2007 30 6. Bipartisan Consensus on 16-17-Year-Old-Preregistration, 2009 33 VI. Voter ID and the Restriction of Early Voting: The Preview, 2011 A. Constraints 34 B. In the Wings 34 C. Center Stage: Voter ID 35 VII. H.B. 589 Before and After Shelby County A. Process Reveals Intention 37 B. Facts 1. The Extent of Fraud 39 2. -
January 3, 2017, Issue 657 Hot Off the Press New Cabinet
January 3, 2017, Issue 657 Hot off the Press New Cabinet Posts Named by New Governor: Making up for lost time after a protracted period of waiting to see who officially is NC’s new state leader, Gov. Roy Cooper today began naming his Cabinet posts, a move that would have to be approved by the NC Senate, based on new state law. WRAL-TV reports that senators plan to include guidelines for the confirmation process when they adopt rules next week governing how the chamber will operate for the coming two-year session. The process will likely be similar to the confirmation process used to approved special Superior Court judges and members of boards such as the Industrial Commission. Who’s Who So Far: Jim Trogdon is the governor’s choice to lead the Department of Transportation and Michael Regan to head up the Department of Environmental Quality. Based on a law passed by lawmakers in a special session last month, the Senate must approve Cabinet posts. Cooper has challenged the law and hinted that he may file suit questioning the constitutionality of the law. Trogdon spent more than two decades at the NC DOT, climbing to chief deputy secretary before he moving to the private sector about three years ago. He told reporters today that he will focus on easing traffic congestion, connecting people across the state with jobs and moving freight easily. Regan, an environmentalists’’ favorite, spent 10 years at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, followed by eight years in management positions with the Environmental Defense Fund.