DODD-WALLS CENTRE FOR PHOTONIC AND QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES

2016 ANNUAL REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction 1 Report from the Chair 2 Report from the Director 3 DWC Technologies 4 Research Themes and Highlights 5 Industry Activities 15 Educational Outreach 18 Facts and Figures 20 Finances 22 Membership, Governance and Management 23 Strategic Outcomes 30 Value Creation in the Dodd-Walls Centre: How our activities support our mission 31 Publications 32

Cover image shows a ring dye laser (orange beam at right) measuring the power and wavelength of a second laser. This is used for research into new biomedical imaging techniques using both ultrasound and light. INTRODUCTION

The Dodd-Walls Centre is a national Centre of Research Excellence involving five NZ universities, hosted by the University of Otago. Our research focuses on New Zealand’s acknowledged strength in the fields of precision atomic and quantum optical physics, with our name drawn from two kiwi pioneers in these fields. Our research explores the limits of control and measurement at the atomic scale through the use of laser light, the generation and manipulation of light at its most fundamental, quantum level and the processing and physical nature of information in this quantum realm.

Our Mission is • to create a research centre that is recognised as one of the world’s leading organisations in the field of photonic and quantum technologies, • to build upon the acknowledged strength of New Host University Zealand in the areas of non-linear and quantum optics and precision atomic physics, • to train and develop skilled staff and students to the highest international standards, and • to help develop the high-tech industry sector, thus ensuring economic growth and continued career pathways in New Zealand.

Collaborating Partners Tertiary Partners University of Otago (Host Institution), University of Auckland, Massey University, University of Canterbury, and Victoria University of Wellington Non-Tertiary Partners Callaghan Innovation, Southern Photonics, Canterbury Development Corporation, and Otago Museum International Partners Centre for Quantum Technologies, Singapore, Fraunhofer Centre for Applied Photonics and University of Strathclyde, UK, and the Joint Quantum Institute, USA, University of Science & Technology, Anhui, China

1 REPORT FROM THE CHAIR

The CoRE initiative in New Zealand is designed to build on areas where a small country can make a contribution to global science. The country as a whole, produces less than 1% of new science, so it needs to develop critical mass in a few key disciplines where it can make a difference. Quantum optics, photonics and precision atomic physics are areas which do not require enormous capital to research, and they are areas where pioneers Jack Dodd and Dan Walls working in NZ left a legacy of world class protégés who are now mature leaders in their specialities. They in turn have attracted well over 100 new research students and postdoctoral fellows to these fields, and this represents a nationally significant platform with critical mass from a global research perspective. The Government’s investment has resulted in a small number of CoREs selected by international scientific peers in a competitive process based primarily on research excellence. The teams are drawn from multiple institutions but concentrated in a new CoRE entity funded by the Tertiary Education Commission. The CoREs primarily carry out investigator led research designed to be published in the best possible journals. The creation of the CoRE entities is however also designed to enable them to make a broader societal contribution, including educational outreach and the stimulation of new technology and derivative business activity than might otherwise be the case. The Board has had particular regard to the application of the expertise of the CoRE to technology development, and set up a subcommittee of the Board chaired by Director, Ray Thomson to develop policy and the capability to expedite this. An Industry Advisory Panel chaired by Dr Simon Poole is also helping us develop this aspect of our activities. In Dr John Harvey we have in-house executive level expertise in commercialisation of photonics and disruptive technologies via start-up enterprises. We have established our own Development Lab to accelerate new concepts with commercial potential. But we have also identified agricultural technology as an area where we can not only support NZ’s largest industry but help NZ technology companies export to service agriculture worldwide. We are building networking capability through key partnerships, such as the one with Lincoln Agritech Ltd, and through the Lighthouse Platform and Photon Factory with industry, in order to immerse ourselves more closely in current challenges and opportunities identified by the sector. New Zealand enjoys considerable success in the export of agricultural technology, thereby also making a useful additional contribution to global food production. The significant external funding of CoRE programs from the Ministry of Business, Innovation & Employment (MBIE) underlines our potential to contribute excellent applied research outcomes, and as many of these are aligned to the engine room of the economy in agriculture, they also provide a pathway for future career development in fields where jobs are likely to emerge within mainstream local enterprises. We are under no illusions regarding the challenge which this strategy represents, so we are proceeding with deliberation and a degree of caution in order to identify what works before rushing ahead. Our direction though is unwavering, and whilst we do not expect immediate results, we do expect to see this activity flourish progressively as we build its momentum. It is an area where the current Board has been able to provide particular assistance to the Director and the science leadership team. The CoRE has made a good start, and is establishing excellent international linkages. G.A. CARNABY 4/4/17

2 REPORT FROM THE DIRECTOR

2016 began with the closing ceremony for the United Nations International Year of Light in Merida, Mexico. The DWC was well represented on this global stage, not least by our students who were part of the volunteer workforce who made sure the whole event ran smoothly. It’s great to note that chair of the IYL and the driving force behind what was an amazing success is John Dudley, an Auckland alumnus and ex-PhD student of the DWC Industry Team Leader, John Harvey. John and Cather Simpson, also from the DWC, were the co-chairs for the NZ IYL committee. Education outreach activities continued throughout the year, including hugely successful events around our annual symposium. Bianca Sawyer, one of our most active students, was recognized with the Otago Daily Times post-graduate student award for science education outreach as was Amadeo Enriquez-Ballestero (communicator award) as part of the Education Outreach Team through the Otago Museum. Andy Wang from Auckland, who together with Bianca helped at the IYL Closing Ceremony, also joined the Education Outreach Team full time to help coordinate our growing collaboration with the Museum of Transport and Technology in Auckland to augment our already active work through the Otago Museum. Awards and contracts abounded through the year including several new Marsden contracts (including an optical fibre based study of changes in the Alpine Fault in the Southern Alps), an MBIE contract worth $4.25M together with AgResearch to establish methods for validating meat quality based on optical techniques and a number of Unlocking Curious Minds contracts, highlighting our activities in all areas from the fundamental, through education, to very industry focussed partnerships. Personal awards included the RSNZ’s Hamilton Award for Miro Erkintalo and the Hector Medal for Stéphane Coen, highlighting the outstanding research quality in the Centre. Our industry partnerships, while retaining their High Value Manufacturing and Service industry links, have expanded with our agricultural focus over the past year. We have partnered well with Lincoln Agritech and new collaborations are being forged there. The link with AgResearch has already resulted in MBIE funding. We are now looking at ways to help in the horticultural sector. All these activities help add to the bottom line for NZ Inc., but more importantly I believe, these activities build capabilities and new opportunities for our students and postdocs to develop career paths which are satisfying, use their skills and retain their talent in New Zealand. This is how we contribute to the well-being of our people and to the development of the high tech economy of the future essential to New Zealand. Our success in this area is recognized by yet more awards. For example, Cather Simpson won both the KiwiNet Entrepreneur Award and the Supreme Award in 2016 through her company Engender. Engender, which uses laser-based techniques to sort bovine sperm for artificial insemination, also won the Silicon Valley Forum Tech World Cup in the Agtech sector – again making a splash on a global stage. Even at the tender age of 18 months, the DWC ranked 10th in New Zealand of all organizations (including universities and CRIs) in terms of academic impact, as determined by the Nature Publishing Group – a magnificent achievement upon which we plan to build in to the future. As befits the CoRE with a focus on light, the future DAVID HUTCHINSON looks bright. 3 DWC TECHNOLOGIES: Information networks, sensing and precision measurement

The DWC engages in research spanning two domains and the overlap between them. The photonics domain utilizes laser light for optical devices, networking and communications. Sensing technologies are a key potential output of much DWC research, with a wide base of practical outcomes. Quantum technologies are in the theoretical and experimental stage currently, but the ultimate goal is to develop quantum devices that are faster and more energy efficient. An advantage of the CoRE is the potential overlap between photonic and quantum research, particularly in the area of sensing technologies. Photonic Technologies Quantum Technologies

2D atomic array (atomic ‘chip’, quantum computer) Assembly: tweezers New Laser Sources Information storage: optical computing Communication: vortices

Information storage: new materials, e.g. rare earth, quantum films

Optical Fibre Networks Quantum Networks speed, bandwidth, efficiency speed, bandwidth, efficiency (lightwaves) (atomic/particle interactions)

Superatoms, rare earth materials

Ends user devices e.g. internet, consumer Atomic ‘chip’ or other devices, internet of quantum devices things (device-device)

New sensing and precision measurement devices

Agricultural Geological Medical Devices Meat/fruit/timber quality, Rotation, earthquake, Disease detection Optical: telecoms, robotics sperm sorting subsurface properties Atomic clocks Quantum: optical collider

4 RESEARCH THEMES & HIGHLIGHTS

THEME 1A PHOTONIC SENSING AND IMAGING Lasers are the power tools in the world of science. In this theme we use their extraordinary light to see, hear, smell and feel far beyond the reach of our senses. When you fire a laser at an object there is a tremendous amount of information in the light that bounces back. We use different colours, pulses and powers of laser light to learn about the structure and function of biological tissue and many other surfaces. Our expertise in interpreting the way light interacts with matter has led to many unexpected and fruitful collaborations across New Zealand and overseas. We are developing sensors to sort sperm for the dairy industry, detect bacteria on carcasses, grade the quality of meat and locate blossoms on kiwifruit plants. We are working with engineers and medical researchers to develop a technique for detecting eye disease, a new method for measuring the intensity of skin burns and a force sensor for keyhole surgery. We are also working with geophysicists to measure vibrations deep beneath New Zealand’s alpine fault. Our sensing and imaging projects are underpinned by a strong focus on theory and numerical modelling. Our researchers are world renowned for their understanding of nonlinear optics, when light stops behaving according to the normal rules. We are able to exploit these nonlinear effects to create novel sensing and imaging technologies.

THEME 1B: PHOTONIC SOURCES AND COMPONENTS They say workers are only as good as their tools. This theme is all about developing new and improved lasers, fibre optic cables and other optical tools to open up new frontiers for research and applications. We work in close collaboration with the other three themes to provide tools to enhance their research and probe further into the quantum world. We are world- renowned for our expertise in fibre lasers, which are versatile, lightweight and cheap to produce. We develop them for use as cutters, sorters and sensors for a wide variety of industrial and science applications. We are also well known for our research in nonlinear optics; understanding what happens when light stops behaving by the normal rules. Our fundamental theories and numerical models are used by top research groups across the world and have led to advances in the development of optical frequency combs, cavity solitons and other nonlinear devices that could revolutionise the internet and many other fields.

5 THEME 2A: QUANTUM FLUIDS AND GASES The quantum realm is the wild west of modern science. Although we know some of the basic rules, the vast majority of quantum interactions remain uncharted. In this theme we explore cold atom physics, which is like a playground for quantum phenomena. By cooling atoms to just above absolute zero and precisely controlling their state, we have the ability to create and observe almost any quantum effect we can think of. We run experiments and develop theory to investigate quantum phenomena such as quantum vortices, quantum turbulence, conditions before the Big Bang, and biological processes involved in photosynthesis. We are exploiting this new understanding to develop quantum technologies such as extremely precise gravitometers and clocks. We are world renowned for our legacy in quantum theory and have developed excellent experimental facilities which are enabling world-class results.

THEME 2B: QUANTUM MANIPULATION AND INFORMATION It is one thing to understand how the quantum world works. It requires another level of precision and control to build reliable devices and systems that exploit quantum phenomena. This kind of ‘quantum engineering’ is the focus of this theme. Through precise observation and control of the interactions between single photons of light and single atoms we are contributing to the development of a new generation of quantum technologies. Our aim is to exploit the weird aspects of the quantum world like quantum superposition (the ability of a quantum particle to exist in more than one state at once) and quantum entanglement (when several particles behave as if they were a single entity). Our researchers have record ability to isolate and control the motion of single atoms. We can move atoms around with laser light and stick them together to create completely new molecules and conduct ultra-precise experiments. Our research is contributing to the development of quantum computers capable of solving extremely complex problems. We are looking at novel ways of creating qubits, the fundamental processing units for quantum computers, and developing solutions for quantum memory and quantum debugging. Quantum communication is the focus of several projects. We are working on a technique to enable communication between quantum computers over large distances. This involves translating single microwave photons, which quantum computers operate on, to optical photons, which are easily transported down optical fibres. We are also contributing to the fundamental theory behind quantum communication networks and quantum measurement.

6 2016 RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS

World Leaders in Optical Cavity Solitons

In November 2016 DWC Principal Investigator, Associate Professor Stéphane Coen was awarded the prestigious Hector Medal for his ground-breaking research into optical cavity solitons. These little bundles of light that travel around loops of optical fibre could offer a solution to one of the major limitations of the internet: the difficulty of storing data in the form of light. Stéphane’s group was the first to observe optical solitons in fibre loops back in 2010 and they have since proved they can be used to store optical data. Their recent breakthrough was discovering how to move the solitons as they travel around the loop, which offers a method of editing optical data on the fly. Stéphane and his colleagues Dr Miro Erkintalo and Dr Stuart Murdoch have become world leaders in the field.

7 The internet is powered by light. Every email, Skype call and YouTube video travels in the form of optical data through a complex network of optical fibres to reach us. New Zealand is connected with the rest of the world by a handful of optical fibres the width of human hairs. You can imagine the congestion as data arrives from thousands of locations, just like traffic building up at the onramp to a motorway. Any time two signals arrive simultaneously at a given point and need to go to the same place, one of them needs to be held back. But unlike cars, light doesn’t stand still. As soon as it stops the data is lost. Currently optical signals are converted into electricity which can be stored on a computer, then converted back to light when the data is ready to go. This process requires bulky hardware and sucks up a massive amount of electricity – a recent report quotes 1.8% of total US electricity consumption. Stéphane’s solution is to feed the optical data into a loop of fibre, which acts like a roundabout. As the signal enters the loop it spontaneously forms into solitons which travel around indefinitely until it is time to travel on.

MAKING THE SOLITONS STABLE Soon after Stéphane and his team first observed solitons in optical fibre loops they noticed something strange and annoying. The solitons were shifting positions. Sometimes it would take half an hour till the shift was seen. At first this seemed like a real bummer. To safely store data they would need to ensure that the solitons remained in the same configuration around the loop. The theory gave no indication as to why this was happening. After a while they realised that as the solitons travelled they created very small vibrations in the fibre, which generated very faint ultra-sound waves. These ultra-sound waves were travelling out and bumping the other solitons out of position.

A WAY TO EDIT OPTICAL DATA What began as a nuisance turned into a break-through. They developed a way to create little corrugations in the electric field that the solitons would sit in, like passengers in little carts travelling around the loop. Then they discovered that they could move the corrugations around and the solitons would move with them. It was just like moving light with tweezers. As each soliton represents a bit in binary code, this provides a way of editing optical data as it travels around; a process that would usually require conversion to electricity and back again. In the future optical cavity solitons could become a commonplace feature of the internet, easing the problem of congestion while saving electricity and hardware.

8 The Littlest Hadron Collider

At the Large Hadron Collider in Europe, scientists technologies of the future. Just as Newton and smash particles together at incredibly high Rutherford discovered the laws of motion and the speeds so the nucleus breaks apart and reveals its structure of the atom by pushing and dropping contents. At Otago University, DWC Principal objects and measuring the results, Niels and Investigator Associate Professor Niels Kjaergaard his team are testing and charting the frontiers and his team have made a particle collider to peer of quantum physics. And just as our current into the secrets of quantum interactions. The technologies, from planes to computers are based collisions are more subtle but no less revealing on the discoveries of Rutherford and Newton, so than its big European cousin. They use finely will future technologies draw from this foundational tuned laser beams to trap clusters of atoms, cool research. For example, understanding the way them down to temperatures just above absolute atoms interact at close range could help scientists zero and gently nudge them into each other. to understand and improve the performance of high temperature superconductors, which At these low speeds, the atoms don’t break apart. It conduct electricity without energy loss due to an is the electrons around the outside that interact in a unexplained quantum phenomenon. beautiful quantum dance. Unlike classical particles which bounce off each other like billiard balls, Niels and his team are currently improving their these atoms sometimes appear to merge and pass collider so it can capture two-dimensional grids through each other like ghosts. At other times they of atom clusters. These could be used as nodes scatter in unexpected directions forming intricate in photonic devices switched by single quanta of geometries. Sometimes they stick together for a light. This work could inform the development moment forming a kind of short-term molecule of unimaginably powerful quantum computers before releasing in different directions. which would revolutionise internet security, drug discovery, astronomy and many other fields. But This is pioneering work. Niels’ explorations are for now this is exploration of a new world. laying foundations for the extraordinary quantum 1 nature.com/nature/journal/v539/n7628/abs/nature20126.html

Niels Kjaergaard and Ryan Thomas tweaking the alignment of invisible infrared laser beams used to cool rubidium atoms at the University of Otago, New Zealand. They use an optical collider to smash the laser cooled atoms together to study what

Photographer: Graham Warman happens at very low energies.

9 Ultra-Cold Gas Droplets Get Famous

DWC theoretical physicist, Professor Blair Blaikie has discovered a way to make a droplet of gas that holds itself together even when the container holding it is removed. In ordinary circumstances gas would simply disperse, like smoke or exhaust fumes. This completely new phenomenon has generated excitement across the international community. Within a couple of months of Blair publishing his theory, one of the world’s top experimental groups at Stuttgart succeeded in creating a droplet in the lab and published their results in Nature1. This was November last year. Since then Blair has been invited to work with a leading experimental group in Innsbruck and another internationally renowned group in Boulder Colorado to explore these droplets further. The Stuttgart droplets are made out of dysprosium, the most magnetic atom in existence. When cooled to temperatures just above absolute zero, quantum forces come out to play. If you get the conditions just right the atoms spontaneously form into a droplet. Each droplet contains a couple of thousand atoms and is the result of magnetic and quantum properties. It is still at the very early exploring stage but in the future these tiny gas droplets could be used to create sensors for detecting minute changes in electric, magnetic and gravitational fields or as nano-labs for doing extremely precise chemical reactions. They could enable physicists to test Einstein’s law of general relativity or be encoded with data and used to transfer quantum information between components within a quantum computer.

10 World Record For Controlling Individual Atoms

In 2016, DWC Principal Investigator Dr Mikkel The second challenges was to cool it down and Andersen achieved the world record for controlling precisely define its state of motion. individual atoms. In his Otago University laboratory Inspiration came from watching the Rugby World he and his group have developed a ‘push button’ Cup. Just as teams play off till a winner is found, system that uses lasers to isolate a single atom, hold it they set up the experiment so that atoms knock each in place, and cool it to its lowest quantum state. All this other out of the trap until only one remains. Using happens within a second of pressing the button. The this approach, they have achieved an impressive 91% result, which was published in March 2017 in Physical success rate of capturing an atom compared with 50% Review A, has generated significant international and achieved by prominent overseas groups. They also local news coverage. managed to do it with cheap lasers used in CD players This fundamental research is laying the ground for the rather than the expensive ones commonly used. next generation of quantum technologies. It will allow They knew the second challenge of cooling an atom researchers to do extremely controlled experiments down to its lowest quantum state was possible because which reveal hidden details of the quantum world. it had been achieved overseas. These groups had Understanding interactions between individual atoms used a technique called Raman Sideband Cooling, could help to harness and amplify quantum properties which applies the force of laser light to slow the atom so they can be utilised on a macroscopic scale. It to a standstill. The problem was that Mikkel’s lab, could, for example contribute to the development of unlike the highly funded overseas ones, had no way quantum computers capable of solving extremely of eliminating magnetic noise, which would disrupt complex problems. It could also enable the creation the experiment. So Mikkel developed a variation of of completely new compounds and molecules with the technique which is immune to magnetic noise. structures of atoms not found in nature or chemistry. It is called Zeeman Insensitive Raman Sideband In 2010, Mikkel’s group was first in the world to isolate Cooling. Not only is it more versatile than the original a single neutral Rubidium-85 atom and photograph technique, it achieves record results. it. Since then they have had to overcome two major With these two techniques of capturing and cooling challenges. Each experiment begins with a small cloud atoms, they achieve a 73% success rate of getting a of atoms floating in the laser trap. The first challenge single atom in its lowest quantum state. This is the was to find a reliable way to evacuate all but one. highest degree of control in the world. Photographer: Graham Warman 11 Leaders in Light

In 2016, the Royal Society’s Hamilton Memorial Prize for Early Career Research Excellence was awarded to DWC Associate Investigator Dr Miro Erkintalo. Miro came from Finland to New Zealand in 2012 and received the prize for his contribution to nonlinear optics. The prize celebrated new theoretical approaches that have led to a series of international breakthroughs in the development of optical frequency combs. Optical frequency combs are the most precise measuring devices in existence. By placing an unknown light source against a ‘comb’ of thousands of evenly spaced frequencies of light they can measure the unknown frequency to one part in several billion. Until recently, only well-funded labs could afford them as they required a table top of expensive lasers. But now a new technology has emerged to enable the development of cheap compact frequency combs. The secret is a tiny loop made out of a dielectric medium (such as glass), called a microresonator. When laser light with a single well-defined frequency (or colour) is shone on this loop, it creates hundreds, sometimes thousands of evenly spaced frequencies of light, perfect for an optical frequency comb. In the future, these microresonators could be incorporated into handheld portable devices, used to send data around the internet and look for planets outside our solar system. When microresonators were first discovered many top international research groups raced to develop them.

12 But for years no one could make them work in a way that could benefit applications. The contributions of Miro and his colleagues Associate Professor Stéphane Coen and Dr Stuart Murdoch (both DWC Principal Investigators) has enabled the whole field to shift forward. When Miro first developed the theory that won him the Hamilton Prize, he wasn’t thinking of frequency combs. He was immersed in another field, that of optical fibres. It was only at a conference in 2013 that he came across microresonators. “There was a lot of hype and a lot of people working on them,” he said. “but the frequency combs they were developing were unstable, chaotic and noisy. What became apparent was that no one knew how to model them.” Miro knew that there are two ways of thinking about optical experiments; one is to focus on the frequencies of light present; the other is to consider a short pulse of light that is formed by the superposition of all the different frequencies. Just a year before, Miro had developed a new theoretical approach that proved that these two points of view would lead to the same result. Together with Stuart, he ran experiments in optical fibres and proved this was true. The microresonator researchers had been approaching the problem from the frequency perspective and were ending up with thousands of equations to solve and very little insights. Miro saw that using the short pulse perspective could be the answer. He rushed back to Auckland and started work on the problem with Stéphane, who had already obtained encouraging preliminary results. Focusing on short pulses made the whole experiment appear suddenly simple and clear. In 2013 they published their theory and it was a smash hit. Now all the international groups use their theoretical models. That was the start of an exciting new episode of DWC research. The new theory revealed that, although thousands of times smaller, microresonators should behave very similarly to large scale fibre loops that had already been studied by Stéphane, Stuart, and Miro. The fact that such large fibre loops are much easier to control and study gave the team a unique opportunity to systematically explore the dynamics relevant to microresonator frequency combs. By sharing their expertise, Stéphane, Stuart, and Miro have been able to guide the top international microresonator groups to overcome the roadblocks and develop stable optical frequency combs. In 2013, the group started making their own microresonators and running direct frequency comb experiments to complement their work. They are proud to now have the ability to create their own microresonator frequency combs in the lab. “I think we’re the only people in the world that have simultaneous experiments in microresonators and fibre cavities, which gives us a unique advantage,” Miro said. “And we are very well received in both communities for our research

13 DWC RESEARCH EXCELLENCE

An early indication of Research Excellence Performance is the DWC’s standing in the 2015 Nature Index of Research Publications, which covers a suite of prestigious journals across the globe. The DWC was recently ranked 10th in in New Zealand for research outputs in a Nature review article, thus achieving a higher impact than several full universities and most Crown Research Institutes. The graph shows the main areas of DWC publications were in Physics and Earth & Environmental Sciences. The top ten institutions in New Zealand, based on research output included in the 2015 Nature Index, May 1 2015–April 30 2016, shown as weighted fractional count (WFC), a measure of the relative contribution of an author to an article weighted to correct for imbalances between subjects. Bars are divided according to the proportion that each subject area contributes to the overall score.

The top ten institutions in New Zealand, based on research output included in the 2015 Nature Index, May 1 2015–April 30 2016, shown as weighted fractional count (WFC), a measure of the relative contribution of an author to an article weighted to correct for imbalances between subjects. Bars are divided according to the proportion that each subject area contributes to the overall score.

14 INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES

Photonics and quantum technologies are billion dollar industries. In the DWC, our mission is to leverage New Zealand’s research strengths to train a workforce, attract the world’s best talent and support the growth of New Zealand’s high-tech sector. Having the CoRE gives us the critical mass to contribute at a world-class level to this global wave of technology creation. Photonics is an ideal focus for New Zealand industry. Since capital requirements are modest while the products are of high value and easy to ship to market, it is relatively easy to set up new enterprises. Our aim is to establish a local ecosystem of photonics related companies that will attract investment, stimulate student interest and provide alternative career paths.

SUPPORTING STUDENTS TO START COMPANIES In the DWC our students are a core focus and one of our greatest strengths. Students are ideal candidates for starting local photonics ventures. They are trained in state-of-the-art technology development and have the time, financial freedom and motivation to forge an exciting career path for themselves. DWC commercialisation competition: In 2016 we ran our first student competition for commercial ideas in photonics and quantum technologies. The aim was to promote career development and the stimulation of new enterprises. Winners were funded to attend a workshop to help them refine their ideas for presentation, followed by the opportunity to pitch to potential investors. One of the two winners, Rachel Ou from Auckland University proposed a technique for rapidly assessing antibiotic action in hospitals. She was also awarded a 2016 Todd Foundation Award for Excellence (Universities) valued at $5,000 to develop her OUR AIM IS TO idea further. The other winner, Samuel Ruddel proposed a web- based feedback controller to stabilise the frequency of lasers. ESTABLISH A LOCAL Incubating new enterprise: Several groups within the DWC ECOSYSTEM OF provide opportunities and support for students to network with industry and develop commercial ideas. The Photon Factory, a laser PHOTONICS RELATED lab at Auckland University run by DWC Principal Investigator, Cather Simpson, is a great example. She is supporting her PhD COMPANIES THAT WILL student Simon Ashforth, for example, to develop a new laser tool for precision bone surgery. He spent his Masters and PhD developing ATTRACT INVESTMENT, the technology and plans to start a company to commercialise it, STIMULATE STUDENT which would provide a career for himself and students to come. Through Cather’s industry contacts, Simon has connected with a INTEREST AND US medical research company who is developing a surgical robot around his technology. They will work together to take it to market. PROVIDE ALTERNATIVE “It is really exciting to be making a technology which could become a standard medical technique,” says Simon. “I’d love to be CAREER PATHS. in the viewing gallery when the first procedure is being done.”

15 THE NEW DODD-WALLS DEVELOPMENT CENTRE Taking a technology from the pristine world of the research lab to the harsh reality of the market can be a long job fraught with risk and potential pitfalls. To support DWC projects and people through this journey we established the Dodd Walls Development Centre in January 2016. The centre provides access to a dedicated team of industry professionals who can help researchers navigate this new territory and provide an industry perspective. They can solve specific industry problems, develop “commercialisation ready” prototype systems and provide all-round support to researchers during the commercialisation process.

AWARD-WINNING ENGENDER TECHNOLOGIES The success of DWC Principal Investigator Cather Simpson provides a case-study that shows the compatibility of industry engagement with fundamental research. Cather has set up multiple companies, supported students to commercialise their research, while pursuing cutting edge fundamental research. This year she was recognised with multiple awards for her spin-off company, Engender Technologies. Engender is based around a microfluidic and photonic device that provides a quick cost-effective way to sort sperm by sex for the dairy industry. Not only will this save money for farmers, it will also prevent the slaughter of thousands of male calves who have no use in the industry. Engender was the first Australasian company to win in the World Cup Tech Challenge in Silicon Valley. It was awarded first in the AgTech section. Cather was also won the Baldwin’s Researcher Entrepreneur Award in the 2016 KiwiNet Awards. Cather formed another new company in 2016 called Orbis Diagnostics, which provided ‘point of cow’ diagnostics for the dairy industry. The technology will give farmers an immediate measure of the protein and fat content of the milk and the health and pregnancy status of the cow as it is being milked. The technology will enable farmers to adjust conditions and practice to improve animal welfare and milk quality. It achieves this using a technique called Raman spectroscopy in combination with microfluidic channels on a spinning disk.

16 Bridging the worlds of science and industry The Lighthouse Platform, an industry networking group supported by the DWC, runs events and builds relationships to grow New Zealand’s photonics industry. In 2016 we ran two events to bridge the worlds of science and industry, which were attended by a total of 93 people representing 36 organisations. AgTech was the theme of our first event, held in Christchurch in May. Guest speaker, Dan Bloomer, agronomist from Page Bloomer Associates, explored how optics could help New Zealand’s primary industries. The DWC has a number of industry-related projects in the AgTech space: • Sex selection for artificial insemination in cattle – to prevent the slaughter of male calves in the dairy industry • “Point of cow” diagnostics – to give immediate results of protein and fat content in milk and health and pregnancy status of cows as they are being milked • Ammonia detection in animal farms – for animal and human health & safety • Non-invasive testing of wood properties – for quick efficient grading of timber quality • Non-invasive testing of fruit ripeness – to tell if fruit is ready without damaging it • Bacteria sensing on meat – to give immediate results of meat contamination “Ideas and Innovation: The Yin and Yang of Innovation” was the name of our second event, held in Auckland in December. Its aim was to foster relationships between entrepreneurs and researchers and to spur the creation of new start-ups. We were lucky to have two prominent international speakers. The first was Simon Poole, an engineer and entrepreneur, without whose invention (the Erbium-Doped Fibre Amplifier) the internet wouldn’t work. Simon is the Chair of the DWC Industry Advisory Board and Director of New Business Ventures at Finisar Australia (the world’s largest supplier of optical communication products). He shared a wealth of experience from 35 years working across the photonics industry, research and academia and spoke of his commitment to helping New Zealand develop enterprise in this area. The other speaker, Dr Andy Brown is the Senior Director for SPIE (the International Society for Optics and Photonics). He spoke about business opportunities in the global photonics market.

17 EDUCATIONAL OUTREACH Educational Outreach Programme and Ka Hikitia

The aim of our educational outreach programme is to inspire the next generation of scientists to help grow a future of innovation in New Zealand. Our students are the champions of outreach in the DWC. They develop hands-on resources and run outreach events in schools and museums with a focus on rural and low decile areas. This is a core part of student life in the DWC and sharing their passion for science with the wider community is a highlight for many. We are supported by a strong relationship with the Otago Museum and work with Otago Universities Science Wānanga programme to run events for Māori children and elders in marae. One of the highlights of the 2016 outreach programme was Luminescence Queenstown, a festival which corresponded with our annual symposium.

LUMINESCENCE: INSPIRING QUEENSTOWN’S CHILDREN WITH SCIENCE By the look on their faces, the teachers and parents were as wonder- struck as their children crowding around the demonstrations at the recent Luminescence festival in Queenstown. On the 27th of June this year, over 300 primary school children came to watch the interactive demonstrations, meet young scientists and explore the science and technology of light. The event was part of the Dodd-Walls annual symposium held this year at Queenstown’s Millennium Hotel. It was organised by Dodd-Walls Centre students in collaboration with Otago Museum and Catalyst, a local Queenstown charitable trust. Visitors were invited to measure the width of their own hair with a laser beam, have their faces painted with fluorescent paint, discover how 3D movies and polarised sunglasses work, play with fibre-optic cables like the ones which make the internet work, explore how white light splits into all the colours of the rainbow and lots more.

18 Behind all these demonstrations is a group of dedicated students from the Otago Optics Chapter, most of whom are doing their doctorates with the Dodd-Walls Centre. They developed the demonstrations last year in celebration of the International Year of Light. Craig Grant who manages the science engagement team at Otago Museum worked with the students to organise this event. One of his team put on a science show for the children. “We do more of the entertainment part – the students do the serious science part. They work really well together.” PhD student Bianca Sawyer is the mover and shaker behind the student group. She enjoys running outreach projects like this one, especially when it involves five and six year olds. “I think they are going to be bored but I explain it anyway and then it’s like you’ve shown them some amazing magic trick. They ask the most insightful questions that you’d never have thought to ask. I’ve been stumped by five year olds many times.” Bianca and her team run outreach programmes every year focusing on rural and low decile areas where such educational opportunities are rare. After the Queenstown Luminescence event a local teacher wrote in to show her appreciation. “WOW – absolutely AMAZING! Thank you so much for the opportunity! We took a group of six to seven year olds and they absolutely LOVED it! They had access to all kinds of resources – UV lights, laser lights, prisms, liquid nitrogen and much more. But the best resource was the people. Our students were so inspired to meet real life scientists and they learnt so much from the conversations they had with them.” Each child also got to take a Light Matters Kit home with them – a cardboard box containing experiments to delve deeper into the science of light. The boxes were the brainchild of Prof Cather Simpson from DWC in Auckland, and were developed by a team of postgraduate students from across New Zealand. They are being used to help keep the children’s enthusiasm going after the event by encouraging further learning and curiosity at home by trying out the experiments alongside their parents and siblings.

19 FACTS AND FIGURES

Broad Category Detailed Category Y1 (2016)

Value of CoRE funding from TEC ($M) 5.04 FTEs by category Principal Investigators 3.13 Associate Investigators 0.66 Postdoctoral Fellows 11.28 Research Technicians 0.63 Administrative/Support 3.70 Research Students (12.5 funded by the DWC) 86.44 Total 106 Headcounts by category Principal Investigators 22 Associate Investigators 23 Postdoctoral Fellows 33 Research Technicians 10 Administrative/Support/ Management 6 Research Students (14 funded by the DWC) 130 Total 224 Peer reviewed research Journal articles 108 outputs by type Books 1 Book chapters 2 Conference papers 11 Other 0 Total 122 V alue of external research Vote Science and Innovation contestable funds 5.77 contracts awarded by Other NZ Government 0.00 source ($M NZD) Domestic - private sector funding 0.53 Overseas 0.09 Host/Partner Support 0.06 Total 6.44 Commercial activities Patent applications 5 Patents granted 0 Invention disclosures 3 Total number of spinouts (since 2011) 2 Students studying Doctoral degree 93 at CoRE by level Other 37 Total 130 Number of students Doctoral degree 7 completing qualifications Other 25 by level Total 32 Immediate post-study Further study in NZ 11 graduate destinations Further study overseas 4 Employed in NZ 7 Employed overseas 3 Other 5 Unknown 2 Total 32

20 The Dodd-Walls Centre receives grant funding from sources other than TEC CoRE funding, which contributes directly to research projects in the four Research Themes. Some staff and student DWC members are supported by these external research funds, whereas others are supported by CoRE funding. The membership profile includes all DWC members, while the financial report indicates only those directly funded by CoRE income.

The DWC has a total of 45 Investigators (including the Director and Deputy Director), and 43 other research staff. Doctoral students (93) comprise 42% of the total membership of the DWC, and in addition to research training, many of our strategic activities involve students, including Educational Outreach, Ka Hikitia, and Industry. DWC strategic and central activities are led and supported by 4 managers and 2 administrative staff.

All DWC students undertake research, with the vast majority enrolled in PhDs. Those falling in the “other” category include Masters, Honours, BTech, and PG Diploma students. Some of these students go on to PhD degrees, while others move into employment here and overseas. Graduate destinations include all PhD and other degree students.

21 FINANCES

DWC Report by Programme 2016

2016 Actual Budget

Income 5,039,000 5,039,000

Salaries & related costs Director, PI and AI 422,306 381,678 Postdoctoral Fellows 784,108 700,929 Others - Managers & Salary-related costs 176,999 211,235 Total salaries & related costs 1,383,414 1,293,842

Overheads 1,249,131 1,280,838

Research operating expenditure & depreciation Theme 1a Photonic sensing & imaging 184,919 209,500 Theme 1b Photonic sources & components 226,762 206,300 Theme 2a Quantum fluids & gases 189,131 177,000 Theme 2b Quantum manipulation & information 214,690 172,000 Pool opex (New & Emerging Researchers) 183,460 128,076 Total research operating expenditure 998,962 892,876

Scholarships awarded 390,719 426,258 Scholarships pool - -

Strategic operating expenditure Industry Outreach & consultants 282,650 213,000 Educational Outreach 47,068 70,000 Ka Hikitia 33,377 30,000 Total strategic operating expenditure 363,095 313,000

Centre operating expenditure Travel Pool (Research) 87,455 100,000 Other centre costs 324,343 290,000 Total centre operating expenditure 411,798 390,000

Total expenditure 4,797,119 4,596,813 Net surplus 241,881 442,18

22 MEMBERS, GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT

DWC Board members

DR GARTH CARNABY, CHAIR PROFESSOR RICHARD BLAIKIE PROFESSOR JIM METSON Dr Garth Carnaby spent the first part Professor Richard Blaikie is Deputy Professor Metson is the Deputy Vice of his career applying mathematics and Vice-Chancellor (Research and Chancellor (Research) at the University physics to the industrial utilisation of Enterprise) at the University of Otago of Auckland. He is a physical chemist, wool. Today he runs his own company and Professor in Physics. He is a co-founder of the University’s providing research, governance, and former Director of the MacDiarmid Research Centre for Surface and consultancy, in the science, agriculture, Institute (2008-11), former member Materials Science and of the Light manufacturing, food, and wool fields. of the Marsden Fund Council and Metals Research Centre, a founding He is a past-President of the Royal served for one year on the New member of the MacDiarmid Institute, Society of New Zealand and past chair Zealand Science Board (2011). He was and has worked extensively with of the Marsden Fund. He currently awarded the Hector Medal in 2013 international industry. His roles have chairs the NZ Synchrotron Group for his fundamental and wide-ranging also included Chief Science Advisor to Ltd and the BioResource Processing contributions to the field of nano- NZ’s MBIE, and the NZ Government Alliance. He was made a Member of optics, and a Thomson Medal in 2015 representative for the Australian NZ Order of Merit, (MNZM) in 2006 in recognition of his science leadership. Synchrotron. for services to the wool industry.

PROFESSOR KEITH HUNTER DR DIANNE MCCARTHY DR RAY THOMSON Professor Keith Hunter has been Dr Dianne McCarthy has extensive Dr Ray Thomson (PhD Physics) Pro-Vice- Chancellor of Sciences at experience in a number of senior was a financial analyst and is now a the University of Otago since early management and governance roles company director. He is a fellow of 2010, and previously he was Head in the tertiary education, science the NZ Institute of Directors and his of the Department of Chemistry. and health sectors. She was made an board positions include former Chair His research speciality is chemical Officer of the New Zealand Order and co-founder of Manuka Health oceanography and he is one of New of Merit for her services to education Ltd (recently sold for $110M), current Zealand’s delegates to the UN’s in 2008, a Companion of the Royal Chair of the MacDiarmid Institute and Scientific Committee on Oceanic Society of New Zealand for her Supreme Biotechnologies, and former Research. services to science in 2015, and a IRL Director. He was Chairman of the Companion of the New Zealand NZ Angel Association in 2013-14 and Order of Merit for her services to was awarded the prestigious Arch Angel science, business and women in 2016. award in 2014.

23 Investigators, Management and Administration

Surname First name Position Institution FTE

Hutchinson David Director UoO 0.50 Broderick Neil Deputy Director UoA 0.40 Albert Michael Principal Investigator UoO 0.05 Andersen Mikkel Principal Investigator UoO 0.10 Ballagh Rob Principal Investigator UoO 0.10 Blakie Blair Principal Investigator UoO 0.10 Brand Joachim Principal Investigator MU 0.15 Carmichael Howard Principal Investigator UoA 0.10 Coen Stéphane Principal Investigator UoA 0.10 Gordon Keith Principal Investigator UoO 0.10 Harvey John Principal Investigator UoA 0.15 Hoogerland Maarten Principal Investigator UoA 0.10 Kjaergaard Niels Principal Investigator UoO 0.10 Krauskopf Bernd Principal Investigator UoA 0.10 Leonhardt Rainer Principal Investigator UoA 0.10 Longdell Jevon Principal Investigator UoO 0.15 Murdoch Stuart Principal Investigator UoA 0.10 Parkins Scott Principal Investigator UoA 0.10 Simpson Cather Principal Investigator UoA 0.10 van Wijk Kasper Principal Investigator UoA 0.10 Vanholsbeeck Frederique Principal Investigator UoA 0.15 Wells Jon Paul Principal Investigator UoC 0.10 Blaikie Richard Associate Investigator UoO 0.02 Bodyfelt Joshua Associate Investigator MU 0.05 Bradley Ashton Associate Investigator UoO 0.05 Bubanja Vladimir Associate Investigator CI 0.00 Craigie Cameron Associate Investigator AR 0.00 Erkintalo Miro Associate Investigator UoA 0.00 Fialko Oleksandr Associate Investigator MU 0.00 Hodgkiss Justin Associate Investigator VUW 0.00 Jin Jianyong Associate Investigator UoA 0.00 Kaipio Jari Associate Investigator UoA 0.00 Künnemeyer Rainer Associate Investigator UoW 0.00 Le Ru Eric Associate Investigator VUW 0.00 McCane Brendan Associate Investigator UoO 0.05 Reeves Roger Associate Investigator UoC 0.05 Reid Michael Associate Investigator UoC 0.00 Reis Marlon Associate Investigator AR 0.00 Schwefel Harald Associate Investigator UoO 0.00 Waterhouse Geoff Associate Investigator UoA 0.00 Xu Peter Associate Investigator UoA 0.00 Zuelicke Ulrich Associate Investigator VUW 0.05 Corazza Carsten Research Engineer AU 0 Hosking Peter Research Engineer UoA 0 MacMillan Fraser Research Engineer AU 0 Monahan Nick Research Assistant VUW 0.38 Oosterbeek Reece Research Engineer UoA 0 Peuntinger Christian Research Assistant UoO 0 Robertson Julia Research Technician UoA 0 Sedlmeir Florian Research Assistant UoO 0.25 Ware Hayley Research Engineer AU 0 White White, Joni Research Technician UoA 0 Grant Craig Educational Outreach Manager OM 0.5 Griffin Ian Manager (Education) OM 0 Taylor Luke Industry Manager UoO 0.59 Tompkins Peggy Programme Manager UoO 1 Evans Diana PA/Administrator UoO 1 Wilson Jas Administrator UoO 0.5

Note: UoO = University of Otago; UoA = University of Auckland; MU = Massey University; UoC = University of Canterbury; VUW = Victoria University of Wellington; UoW = University of Waikato, CI = Callahgan Innovation, OM = Otago Museum, AU = Auckland UniServices

24 Postdoctoral/Research Fellows

Surname First name Position Note

Al-Imarah Emad UoA Anthony Jessienta UoA 1 Au Maggie EngTech Baillie Danny UoO 1 Brodie Graham UoA Chen Kai VUW 1 Chen Stephen UoO 1 Deb Amita UoO 1 Delgado Adrian UoO 1 Ding Boyang UoO 1 Engl Thomas MU Fekete Julia UoO Fialko Oleksandr MU 1 Filippov Igor UoA Freeman Paul UoA 1 Garbin Bruno UoA 1 Gosh Shreyoshi MU 1 Haine Simon UoA 1 Horvath Sebastian UoO 1 Jonmohamadi Yaqub UoA 1 Kho Julie UoA Kolenderska Sylwia UoA Leo Francois UoA McGoverin Cushla UoA McKague Matthew UoO 1 Miller Sara UoO 1 Muthiah Maran UoA Nieuwoudt Michel UoA Schwartz Eyal UoO 1 Sompet Pimonpan (Mim) UoO Terrien Soizic UoA 1 Toikka Lauri MU 1 Yu Xiaoquan UoO 1

Note 1: Postdoctoral/Research Fellows funded (whole or in part) by the DWC Note: EngTech = Engender Technologies Students

Surname First name Institution Surname First name Institution

Al-Azri Zakiya Hilal Nasser UoA Chen Wan-Ting UoA Anyi Caroline UoC Chen Hao UoA Ardekani Iman UoA Cink Ruth AUT Ashforth Simon UoA Clarke James UoA Barnsley Jonathan Eric UoO Cormack Maddy UoO 3 Bennani Hamza UoO Cosme Jayson MU Bogunovic Dijana UoA Danieli Carlo MU 2 Bourke Levi UoO Dillon Owen UoA Bowen Patrick UoA Dosado Aubrey Gabasa UoA 3 Braeuer Bastian UoA Fernandez-Gonzalvo Xavier UoO 3 Brown Dylan UoA 3 Fersterer Petra UoO Canela Victor UoA Fung Yin Hsien UoO 2, 3 Chai Shijie UoO Goh Hwan UoA 3 Chakraborti Taparabata UoO Gulley Anton UoA Chan Andrew UoA Guo Rachel UoA

25 Surname First name Institution Surname First name Institution

Gutiérrez-Jáuregui Ricardo UoA Otupiri Robert UoA 3 Haase Thomas UoA Ou Rachel (Fang) UoA Hensley Noah UoO Radionova Anna UoA Hitchman Sam UoA Ramaswamy Priyanka UoA 3 Hong Fan UoO Reeves Matthew UoO Honney Claire UoA Rodrigo Martines Gasoni UoC Hope James Alexander UoA Rooney Jeremy UoO Hosking Peter UoA Ruddell Samuel UoA 3 Hsieh Pei-Huan (Sally) UoA Sales Ruth UoO 3 Hubley Lancia UoC 3 Salkeld Alex UoC 2 Huff Gregory UoO Sawyer Bianca UoO Hyndman Adam UoC Shamailov Sophie MU Jeszenszki Peter MU 3 Smith Geoffrey UoO 2 Johnson Jami UoA Solis Daniel UoO Kang Hong UoA Sultana Nishat UoA Kati Yagmur MU Symes Luke UoO Kavuri Hima UoA Thomas Ryan UoO Keane Andrew UoA Thompson Sarah UoA Kumari Madhuri UoO Vargas Matheus UoA Macdonald Callum UoO 2 Vogt Dominik UoA Masson Stuart UoA Wang Yadong UoA 3 Mautner Ira UoA Wang Xindi (Andy) UoA McDonald Rob UoO Webb Karen UoA Mesbah Rassoul UoO Whitby Reece UoA Mikhisor Maria UoO White Donald UoA Mo Zonglai UoA Williamson Lewis UoO Neiman Alex UoC Wimukthi(Arachchige) Rasid UoA Nemet Nikolett UoA Wu Yinming UoA Nicholson Ruanui UoA 2 Ye Piao (Tracy) UoA Nikzad Ramin UoA Zeidan Mohammad UoC 2 Novikova Nina UoA Zhou Huihua UoA 3 Oh Sue Ann UoO

Note 2: 2016 PhD Completion Note 3: 2016 DWC Scholarship

Other Research Degree Students

Surname First name Institution Surname First name Institution

Agnieray Heiana UoA Chisholm Craig UoO 5 Anderson Miles UoA 5 Griffin Nicholas UoC Cowdell Carolyn UoO Hendry Ian UoA 5 Cullen Sarah UoA Jiang Jian Cheng UoO 5 Evans Tim UoA 5 Kihara Shinji UoA 5 Gendler Naomi UoA Klein Samuel Brynne (Sam) UoO 5 Hari Neelam UoA McPhail Vivian Alexander Hugh UoA 5 Horvath Milena UoO 5 Pham Hoan UoA 5 Hunter Matt UoO Quitales Ramon UoA 5 Lee-Hand Jeremy UoO Rakonjac Jelena Velibor UoO 5 McDonald Hamish UoO 5 Sheikh Mustafa UoA Pamplin Adam UoC Stuart James UoC 5 Fernandes Kevin UoA 5 Sun Ke Xin (Catherine) UoA 5 Huang Daniel UoA 5 Toebes Charles Timo UoA 5 Monro Joshua UoA 5 Trainor Luke UoO Spence Alex UoA 5 Yao Shuyun UoA 5 Rov Rosunna UoA 5 Yu Hsin Chao (Andy) UoA Atayee Mohammad Zaki (Zaki) UoO 5 Kamarolzaman Nik UoA 5 Cawte Michael UoO 5

Note 5: 2016 Other Research Degree Completion

26 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE DODD-WALLS CENTRE

The DWC has been organized into four research Themes, two outreach Teams and centre management. Three boards (governance, science advisory and industry advisory) support the DWC in achieving its strategic goals.

Governance Board

International Science Industry Advisory Advisory Board Board

Executive Committee

Centre Management Team

Science Team Industry Team

Theme 1A Theme 2A

Educational Theme 1B Theme 2B OutreachTeam

27 InternaƟonal Science Advisory Board Industry Team

Professor Allister Ferguson University of Strathclyde, Scotland Industry Team Leader John Harvey Auckland Professor Bill Phillips Joint Quantum Ins�tute, USA Director David Hutchinson Otago Governance Board Professor Artur Ekert Centre for Quantum Technologies, Singapore Deputy Director Neil Broderick Auckland Professor Ian Walmsley Oxford University, United Kingdom Independent Chair Garth Carnaby G.A. Carnaby Associates Ltd PI Mikkel Andersen Otago Professor Ursula Keller Ins�tute of Quantum Electronics, Switzerland DVC Research Host Ins�tu�on Richard Blaikie Otago AI Jus�n Hodgkiss Victoria DVC Research Partner Ins�tu�on Jim Metson Auckland Science Team PI Cather Simpson Auckland PVC Sciences—Director Line Manager Richard Barker Otago PI Frederique Vanholsbeeck Auckland Independent Director Di McCarthy DCM Solu�ons Ltd Deputy Director Neil Broderick Auckland Industry Manager Luke Taylor Otago Independent Director Ray Thomson Thomson Investments Director Nominee: Blair Blakie Otago Programme Manager Dr Peggy Tompkins Otago Director (ex‐officio) David Hutchinson Otago Theme Leader (1a) Frederique Vanholsbeeck Auckland Secretary Diana Evans Otago Deputy Director (ex‐officio) Neil Broderick Auckland Theme Leader (1b) Nominee: Stephane Coen Auckland Secretary Peggy Tompkins Otago Theme Leader (2a) Joachim Brand Massey Industry Advisory Board Theme Leader (2b) Jevon Longdell Otago Dr Simon Poole Finisar, Australia Pty Ltd Chair ExecuƟve CommiƩee Canterbury Representa�ve Jon Paul Wells Canterbury Industry Team Leader (ex‐officio) John Harvey Auckland Director David Hutchinson (Chair) Otago Secretary Diana Evans Otago Deputy‐Director Neil Broderick Auckland PI Michael Albert Otago Theme 2A—Quantum Fluids & Gases (QFG) PI Blair Blakie Otago Theme 1A—Photonic Sensors & Imaging (PSI) Professor Joachim Brand THEME LEADER Massey, NZ Ins�tute for PI Joachim Brand Massey Dr Frederique Vanholsbeeck THEME LEADER Auckland, Physics Dr Bap�ste Auguie Victoria, Chemical & Physical Sciences Advanced Study PI Jevon Longdell Otago Professor Richard Blaikie Otago, Physics Professor Rob Ballagh Otago, Physics PI Cather Simpson Auckland Dr Cameron Craigie AgResearch Limited Professor Blair Blakie Otago, Physics Dr Marlon dos Reis AgResearch Limited Dr Joshua Bodyfelt Massey, NZ Ins�tute for Advanced Study PI Frederique Vanholsbeeck Auckland Professor Keith Gordon Otago, Chemistry Dr Ashton Bradley Otago, Physics Industry Team Leader (ex‐officio) John Harvey Auckland Professor John Harvey Auckland, Physics Professor Howard Carmichael Auckland, Physics Dr Oleksandr Fialko Massey, NZ Ins�tute of Advanced Study Programme Manager (ex‐officio) Peggy Tompkins Otago Professor Jus�n Hodgkiss Victoria, Chemical & Physical Sciences Professor Jari Kaipio Auckland, Maths Professor Sergej Flach Massey, NZ Ins�tute of Advanced Study Secretary Diana Evans Otago Associate Professor Rainer Leonhardt Auckland, Physics Dr Maarten Hoogerland Auckland, Physics Professor Eric Le Ru Victoria, Physics Professor David Hutchinson Otago, Physics Centre Management Team Dr Jevon Longdell Otago, Physics Dr Niels Kjaergaard Otago, Physics Associate Professor Rainer Kunnemeyer Waikato, Engineering Associate Professor Sco� Parkins Auckland, Physics Associate Professor Brendan McCane Otago, Computer Science Professor Ulrich Zuelicke Victoria, Chemical and Physical Sciences Programme Manager Peggy Tompkins Otago Professor Roger Reeves Canterbury, Physics & Astronomy Director David Hutchinson Otago Professor Mike Reid Canterbury, Physics & Astronomy Deputy Director Neil Broderick Auckland Dr Harald Schwefel Otago, Physics Associate Professor Cather Simpson Auckland, Physics Administrator Diana Evans Otago Dr Kasper Van Wijk Auckland, Physics Administrator Premika Sirisena Auckland Associate Professor Jon Paul Wells Canterbury, Physics & Astronomy Theme 2B—Quantum ManipulaƟon & InformaƟon (QMI) Professor Peter Xu Auckland, Mechanical Engineering Admin Assistant Jas Wilson Otago Dr Jevon Longdell THEME LEADER Otago, Physics Theme 1B—Photonic Sources & Components (PSC) Professor Michael Albert Otago, Computer Science EducaƟon Team Dr Mikkel Andersen Otago, Physics Associate Professor Neil Broderick THEME LEADER Auckland, Physics Professor Joachim Brand Massey, NZ Ins�tute for Advanced Study PI Bernd Krauskopf Auckland Associate Professor Stephane Coen Auckland, Physics Dr Vladimir Bubanja Callaghan Innova�on Dr Miro Erkintalo Auckland, Physics (awai�ng TEC �ck) Professor Howard Carmichael Auckland, Physics PI Kasper van Wijk Auckland Professor Sergej Flach Massey, NZ Ins�tute of Advanced Study Professor Peter Derrick Auckland, Physics Director David Hutchinson Otago Professor Jus�n Hodgkiss Victoria, Chemical & Physical Sciences Dr Maarten Hoogerland Auckland, Physics Educa�on Manager Craig Grant (Chair) Otago Museum Dr Jianyong Jin Auckland, Chemistry Professor David Hutchinson Otago, Physics Professor Bernd Krauskopf Auckland, Maths Associate Professor Sco� Parkins Auckland, Physics PI Cather Simpson Auckland Associate Professor Rainer Leonhardt Auckland, Physics Professor Mike Reid Canterbury, Physics & Astronomy Director of Otago Museum Ian Griffin Otago Museum Dr Stuart Murdoch Auckland, Physics Dr Harald Schwefel Otago, Physics Dr Harald Schwefel Otago, Physics Secretary Jas Wilson Otago Associate Professor Cather Simpson Auckland, Physics Dr Geoff Waterhouse Auckland, Chemistry As at 22/12/2016 28 InternaƟonal Science Advisory Board Industry Team

Professor Allister Ferguson University of Strathclyde, Scotland Industry Team Leader John Harvey Auckland Professor Bill Phillips Joint Quantum Ins�tute, USA Director David Hutchinson Otago Governance Board Professor Artur Ekert Centre for Quantum Technologies, Singapore Deputy Director Neil Broderick Auckland Professor Ian Walmsley Oxford University, United Kingdom Independent Chair Garth Carnaby G.A. Carnaby Associates Ltd PI Mikkel Andersen Otago Professor Ursula Keller Ins�tute of Quantum Electronics, Switzerland DVC Research Host Ins�tu�on Richard Blaikie Otago AI Jus�n Hodgkiss Victoria DVC Research Partner Ins�tu�on Jim Metson Auckland Science Team PI Cather Simpson Auckland PVC Sciences—Director Line Manager Richard Barker Otago PI Frederique Vanholsbeeck Auckland Independent Director Di McCarthy DCM Solu�ons Ltd Deputy Director Neil Broderick Auckland Industry Manager Luke Taylor Otago Independent Director Ray Thomson Thomson Investments Director Nominee: Blair Blakie Otago Programme Manager Dr Peggy Tompkins Otago Director (ex‐officio) David Hutchinson Otago Theme Leader (1a) Frederique Vanholsbeeck Auckland Secretary Diana Evans Otago Deputy Director (ex‐officio) Neil Broderick Auckland Theme Leader (1b) Nominee: Stephane Coen Auckland Secretary Peggy Tompkins Otago Theme Leader (2a) Joachim Brand Massey Industry Advisory Board Theme Leader (2b) Jevon Longdell Otago Dr Simon Poole Finisar, Australia Pty Ltd Chair ExecuƟve CommiƩee Canterbury Representa�ve Jon Paul Wells Canterbury Industry Team Leader (ex‐officio) John Harvey Auckland Director David Hutchinson (Chair) Otago Secretary Diana Evans Otago Deputy‐Director Neil Broderick Auckland PI Michael Albert Otago Theme 2A—Quantum Fluids & Gases (QFG) PI Blair Blakie Otago Theme 1A—Photonic Sensors & Imaging (PSI) Professor Joachim Brand THEME LEADER Massey, NZ Ins�tute for PI Joachim Brand Massey Dr Frederique Vanholsbeeck THEME LEADER Auckland, Physics Dr Bap�ste Auguie Victoria, Chemical & Physical Sciences Advanced Study PI Jevon Longdell Otago Professor Richard Blaikie Otago, Physics Professor Rob Ballagh Otago, Physics PI Cather Simpson Auckland Dr Cameron Craigie AgResearch Limited Professor Blair Blakie Otago, Physics Dr Marlon dos Reis AgResearch Limited Dr Joshua Bodyfelt Massey, NZ Ins�tute for Advanced Study PI Frederique Vanholsbeeck Auckland Professor Keith Gordon Otago, Chemistry Dr Ashton Bradley Otago, Physics Industry Team Leader (ex‐officio) John Harvey Auckland Professor John Harvey Auckland, Physics Professor Howard Carmichael Auckland, Physics Dr Oleksandr Fialko Massey, NZ Ins�tute of Advanced Study Programme Manager (ex‐officio) Peggy Tompkins Otago Professor Jus�n Hodgkiss Victoria, Chemical & Physical Sciences Professor Jari Kaipio Auckland, Maths Professor Sergej Flach Massey, NZ Ins�tute of Advanced Study Secretary Diana Evans Otago Associate Professor Rainer Leonhardt Auckland, Physics Dr Maarten Hoogerland Auckland, Physics Professor Eric Le Ru Victoria, Physics Professor David Hutchinson Otago, Physics Centre Management Team Dr Jevon Longdell Otago, Physics Dr Niels Kjaergaard Otago, Physics Associate Professor Rainer Kunnemeyer Waikato, Engineering Associate Professor Sco� Parkins Auckland, Physics Associate Professor Brendan McCane Otago, Computer Science Professor Ulrich Zuelicke Victoria, Chemical and Physical Sciences Programme Manager Peggy Tompkins Otago Professor Roger Reeves Canterbury, Physics & Astronomy Director David Hutchinson Otago Professor Mike Reid Canterbury, Physics & Astronomy Deputy Director Neil Broderick Auckland Dr Harald Schwefel Otago, Physics Associate Professor Cather Simpson Auckland, Physics Administrator Diana Evans Otago Dr Kasper Van Wijk Auckland, Physics Administrator Premika Sirisena Auckland Associate Professor Jon Paul Wells Canterbury, Physics & Astronomy Theme 2B—Quantum ManipulaƟon & InformaƟon (QMI) Professor Peter Xu Auckland, Mechanical Engineering Admin Assistant Jas Wilson Otago Dr Jevon Longdell THEME LEADER Otago, Physics Theme 1B—Photonic Sources & Components (PSC) Professor Michael Albert Otago, Computer Science EducaƟon Team Dr Mikkel Andersen Otago, Physics Associate Professor Neil Broderick THEME LEADER Auckland, Physics Professor Joachim Brand Massey, NZ Ins�tute for Advanced Study PI Bernd Krauskopf Auckland Associate Professor Stephane Coen Auckland, Physics Dr Vladimir Bubanja Callaghan Innova�on Dr Miro Erkintalo Auckland, Physics (awai�ng TEC �ck) Professor Howard Carmichael Auckland, Physics PI Kasper van Wijk Auckland Professor Sergej Flach Massey, NZ Ins�tute of Advanced Study Professor Peter Derrick Auckland, Physics Director David Hutchinson Otago Professor Jus�n Hodgkiss Victoria, Chemical & Physical Sciences Dr Maarten Hoogerland Auckland, Physics Educa�on Manager Craig Grant (Chair) Otago Museum Dr Jianyong Jin Auckland, Chemistry Professor David Hutchinson Otago, Physics Professor Bernd Krauskopf Auckland, Maths Associate Professor Sco� Parkins Auckland, Physics PI Cather Simpson Auckland Associate Professor Rainer Leonhardt Auckland, Physics Professor Mike Reid Canterbury, Physics & Astronomy Director of Otago Museum Ian Griffin Otago Museum Dr Stuart Murdoch Auckland, Physics Dr Harald Schwefel Otago, Physics Dr Harald Schwefel Otago, Physics Secretary Jas Wilson Otago Associate Professor Cather Simpson Auckland, Physics Dr Geoff Waterhouse Auckland, Chemistry As at 22/12/2016 29 STRATEGIC OUTCOMES

THE RESEARCH PLAN OF THE CENTRE, TOGETHER WITH OUR STRATEGIC INITIATIVES, IS DESIGNED TO DELIVER ON SIX KEY OUTCOMES:

INCREASED SCIENTIFIC IMPACT • Foster cutting-edge translational research by collaboration across different areas of research • Establish a pipeline of new research to scientific and industrial communities • Establish New Zealand as a hub of international conferences and events • Raise the international profile of the DWC as a world-class research centre ENHANCED ECONOMIC OUTPUT • New start-up businesses, with support from external capital • Foster initiatives with established New Zealand enterprises • Attract investment from overseas multi-national corporations STRONGER WORKFORCE • Build expertise in research translation to commercialization • Build pool of highly trained individuals with interest in high-tech and other skilled jobs • Link the pool to companies in need of these skills BETTER CAREERS • Foster skills that enable a variety of career options for students and staff • Enhance career development through opportunities for leadership within the centre • Address barriers to participation or advancement related to gender and diversity IMPROVED DECISION MAKING • Offer advice on matters of scientific or technological importance to government • Use and share best practice governance and management for research centres • Engage with government agencies about performance and impact • Use performance reports to demonstrate how outcomes will be achieved IMPROVED SCIENTIFIC LITERACY • Educational outreach programmes established or augmented through museums and in rural areas • Programmes enhance the experience of learning about science, encouraging further participation by students, teachers, whanau and the general public • Scientific educational materials generated as part of the programmes is available to teachers

30 VALUE CREATION IN THE DODD-WALLS CENTRE: How our activities support our mission

Through the structure of the CoRE’s Themes and Teams, the DWC uses its capital resources to support activities and outputs that will deliver its impacts and outcomes.

CAPITAL INPUTS (see below) Human Manufactured Social and Relationship Intellectual Financial

CoRE STRUCTURE AND OPERATIONS Research and Collaboration Development of students and staff Industry activities Educational Outreach Governance and Management

CoRE ACTIVITIES AND OUTPUTS Research outputs and activities Training and career development Commercialization and contracts Educational events and resources Research performance initiatives National and International relationships

IMPACTS AND OUTCOMES Short Term (1-5 years): direct impacts of DWC research, training, industry contracts and education programmes Medium Term (5-10 years): indirect contributions to future workforce and economic outcomes Long Term (10-30 years): indirect contributions to the place of science in society, growth of high-tech industry in NZ, establishment of entirely new areas of quantum technology

31 2016 PUBLICATIONS

THEME 1A Clunies-Ross, Pj, Gps Smith, Kc Gordon, Hitchman, Sam, Kasper van Wijk, and and S Gaw. 2016. ‘Synthetic Shorelines Zoe Davidson. 2016. ‘Monitoring Akhmediev, Nail, Bertrand Kibler, Fabio in New Zealand? Quantification and Attenuation and the Elastic Properties Baronio, Milivoj Belić, Wei-Ping Zhong, Characterisation of Microplastic of an Apple with Laser Ultrasound’. Yiqi Zhang, Wonkeun Chang, et al. Pollution on Canterbury’s Coastlines’. Postharvest Biology and Technology 2016. ‘Roadmap on Optical Rogue New Zealand Journal of Marine and 121 (November): 71–77. doi:10.1016/j. Waves and Extreme Events’. Journal of Freshwater Research 50 (2): 317–25. doi:1 postharvbio.2016.07.006. Optics 18 (6): 063001. doi:10.1088/2040- 0.1080/00288330.2015.1132747. Horvath, S.P., M.F. Reid, J.P.R. Wells, 8978/18/6/063001. Dang, Giang T., Takayuki Uchida, and M. Yamaga. 2016. ‘High Precision Bennani, H., B. McCane, and J. Cornwall. Toshiyuki Kawaharamura, Mamoru Wavefunctions for Hyperfine States of 2016. ‘Three Dimensional (3D) Lumbar Furuta, Adam R. Hyndman, Rodrigo Low Symmetry Materials Suitable for Vertebrae Data Set’. Data Science Journal Martinez, Shizuo Fujita, Roger J. Reeves, Quantum Information Processing’. Journal 15 (August). doi:10.5334/dsj-2016-009. and Martin W. Allen. 2016. ‘Silver of Luminescence 169 (January): 773–76. Oxide Schottky Contacts and Metal doi:10.1016/j.jlumin.2015.02.045. Bräuer, Bastian, Stuart G. Murdoch, Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors and Frédérique Vanholsbeeck. 2016. on SnO 2 Thin Films’. Applied Physics Hughes-Currie, Rosa B, Konstantin V ‘Dispersion Measurements in Ocular Express 9 (4): 041101. doi:10.7567/ Ivanovskikh, Jon-Paul R Wells, Michael Media Using a Dual-Wavelength Swept APEX.9.041101. F Reid, and Robert A Gordon. 2016. Source Optical Coherence Tomography ‘The Determination of Dopant Ion System’. Optics Letters 41 (24): 5732. Dimartino, Simone, David M. Savory, Sara Valence Distributions in Insulating doi:10.1364/OL.41.005732. J. Fraser-Miller, Keith C. Gordon, and Crystals Using XANES Measurements’. A. James McQuillan. 2016. ‘Microscopic Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter Bräunl, Thomas, Brendan McCane, and Infrared Spectroscopic Comparison 28 (13): 135502. doi:10.1088/0953- Mariano Rivera, and Xinguo Yu, eds. of the Underwater Adhesives Produced 8984/28/13/135502. 2016. Image and Video Technology. by Germlings of the Brown Seaweed Vol. 9431. Lecture Notes in Computer Species Durvillaea Antarctica and Hughes-Currie, Rosa B., Konstantin V. Science. Cham: Springer International Hormosira Banksii’. Journal of The Ivanovskikh, Michael F. Reid, Jon- Publishing. http://link.springer. Royal Society Interface 13 (117): Paul R. Wells, Roger J. Reeves, and com/10.1007/978-3-319-29451-3. 20151083. doi:10.1098/rsif.2015.1083. Andries Meijerink. 2016. ‘Vacuum Ultraviolet Synchrotron Measurements Chen, Hao, Weiliang Xu, and Neil Fu, Xiping, Brendan McCane, Steven Mills, of Excitons in NaMgF3:Yb2+’. Journal Broderick. 2016. ‘In-Vivo Spinal and Michael Albert. 2015. ‘How to Select of Luminescence, The 17th International Nerve Sensing in MISS Using Hashing Bits? A Direct Measurement Conference on Luminescence and Optical Raman Spectroscopy’. In Proc. SPIE Approach’. In IVCNZ 2015, 1–6. Spectroscopy of Condensed Matter 9802, Nanosensors, Biosensors, Auckland, New Zealand: IEEE. (ICL’14), 169, Part B (January): 419–21. and Info-Tech Sensors and Systems doi:10.1109/IVCNZ.2015.7761538. doi:10.1016/j.jlumin.2015.03.023. 2016, 9802:98021L–98021L–7. Las Vegas, Nevada, United States: SPIE. Gordon, Geoffrey P. S. Smith Gregory Ivanovskikh, K. V., R. B. Hughes-Currie, doi:10.1117/12.2218783. S. Huff Keith C. 2016. ‘Investigating M. F. Reid, J.-P. R. Wells, N. S. Sokolov, Crystallinity Using Low Frequency and R. J. Reeves. 2016. ‘Synchrotron Chen, Hao, Weiliang Xu, and Neil Raman Spectroscopy: Applications in Spectroscopy of Confined Carriers Broderick. 2016. ‘Raman Spectroscopy Pharmaceutical Analysis’. Spectroscopy in CdF2-CaF2 Superlattices’. Journal for Minimally Invasive Spinal Nerve 31 (2): 42–50. of Applied Physics 119 (10): 104305. Detection’. In 23rd International doi:10.1063/1.4943498. Conference on Mechatronics Gordon, Keith C., and Sara J. Fraser- and Machine Vision in Practice Miller. 2016. ‘Raman Spectroscopy’. Jansen van Vuuren, Ludwig, Jules A. Kieser, (M2VIP) 2016, 1–5. Nanjing, In Analytical Techniques in the Michelle Dickenson, Keith C. Gordon, Jiangsu, China: IEEE. doi:10.1109/ Pharmaceutical Sciences, edited by and Sara J. Fraser-Miller. 2016. ‘Chemical M2VIP.2016.7827293. Anette Müllertz, Yvonne Perrie, and and Mechanical Properties of Snake Thomas Rades, 139–69. New York, NY: Fangs’. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy Cheng, C., W. Xu, and J. Shang. Springer New York. http://link.springer. 47 (7): 787–95. doi:10.1002/jrs.4903. 2016. ‘Distributed-Torque-Based com/10.1007/978-1-4939-4029-5_4. Independent Joint Tracking Control Johnson, Jami L, Kasper van Wijk, James N of a Redundantly Actuated Parallel Guo, Rachel, Cushla M. McGoverin, Simon Caron, and Miriam Timmerman. 2016. Robot With Two Higher Kinematic Swift, and Frederique Vanholsbeeck. ‘Gas-Coupled Laser Acoustic Detection Pairs’. IEEE Transactions on Industrial 2016. ‘Rapid Estimation of Bacteria as a Non-Contact Line Detector for Electronics 63 (2): 1062–70. doi:10.1109/ Counts Using Acridine Orange’. In Photoacoustic and Ultrasound Imaging’. TIE.2015.2481360. The 6th Asia Pacific Optical Sensors Journal of Optics 18 (2): 024005. Conference 2016, W1A.6. Shanghai, doi:10.1088/2040-8978/18/2/024005. Cheuk, Ming, Alexander Anderson, June- China: OSA. doi:10.1364/APOS.2016. Chiew Han, Norman Lippok, Frederique W1A.6. Jonmohamadi, Yaqub, Govinda R. Vanholsbeeck, Bryan Ruddy, Denis Poudel, Carrie C. R. H. Innes, and Loiselle, Poul Nielsen, and Andrew Hall, David W., Susan N. Marshall, Keith Richard D. Jones. 2016. ‘Microsleeps Taberner. 2016. ‘4D Imaging of Cardiac C. Gordon, and Daniel P. Killeen. 2016. Are Associated with Stage-2 Sleep Trabeculae Contracting in Vitro Using ‘Rapid Quantitative Determination of Spindles from Hippocampal-Temporal Gated OCT’. IEEE Transactions Squalene in Shark Liver Oils by Raman Network’. International Journal of Neural on Biomedical Engineering, 1–1. and IR Spectroscopy’. Lipids 51 (1): Systems 26 (04): 1650015. doi:10.1142/ doi:10.1109/TBME.2016.2553154. 139–47. doi:10.1007/s11745-015-4097-6. S0129065716500155. 32 Khan, Nabeel, Brendan McCane, and Nickless, Elizabeth M., Stephen E. Holroyd, Semiconductor (CMOS) Single-Photon Steven Mills. 2015. ‘Better than SIFT?’ Georgie Hamilton, Keith C. Gordon, Avalanche Diode (SPAD) Detector’. Machine Vision and Applications 26 (6): and Jason J. Wargent. 2016. ‘Analytical Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 819–36. doi:10.1007/s00138-015-0689-7. Method Development Using FTIR- 408 (3): 761–74. doi:10.1007/s00216- ATR and FT-Raman Spectroscopy to 015-9156-6. Killeen, Daniel P., Lesley Larsen, Franck Assay Fructose, Sucrose, Glucose and E. Dayan, Keith C. Gordon, Nigel Dihydroxyacetone, in Leptospermum Song, Xinjie, and Rainer Leonhardt. 2016. B. Perry, and John W. van Klink. Scoparium Nectar’. Vibrational ‘Laser Ablation of a Polymer Electro- 2016. ‘Nortriketones: Antimicrobial Spectroscopy 84 (May): 38–43. Optic Modulator’. IEEE Photonics Trimethylated Acylphloroglucinols from doi:10.1016/j.vibspec.2016.02.011. Technology Letters 28 (8): 895–98. Ma̅nuka ( Leptospermum Scoparium )’. doi:10.1109/LPT.2016.2517081. Journal of Natural Products 79 (3): 564– Nieuwoudt, M.K., S.E. Holroyd, C.M. 69. doi:10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00968. McGoverin, M.C. Simpson, and D.E. Tarvainen, Tanja, Aki Pulkkinen, Ben Williams. 2016. ‘Raman Spectroscopy T. Cox, Jari P. Kaipio, and Simon R. Koskinen, Anna-Kaisa, Sara J. Fraser-Miller, as an Effective Screening Method for Arridge. 2016. ‘Image Reconstruction Johan P. Bøtker, Ville P. Heljo, Jonathan Detecting Adulteration of Milk with with Noise and Error Modelling in E. Barnsley, Keith C. Gordon, Clare J. Small Nitrogen-Rich Molecules and Quantitative Photoacoustic Tomography’. Strachan, and Anne M. Juppo. 2016. Sucrose’. Journal of Dairy Science 99 (4): In Photons Plus Ultrasound: Imaging ‘Physical Stability of Freeze-Dried Isomalt 2520–36. doi:10.3168/jds.2015-10342. and Sensing 2016, edited by Alexander Diastereomer Mixtures’. Pharmaceutical A. Oraevsky and Lihong V. Wang, Research 33 (7): 1752–68. doi:10.1007/ Nissinen, A, J P Kaipio, M Vauhkonen, 97083Q. San Francisco, USA: SPIE. s11095-016-1915-3. and V Kolehmainen. 2016. ‘Contrast doi:10.1117/12.2209477. Enhancement in EIT Imaging of the Koulouri, Alexandra, Ville Rimpiläinen, Brain’. Physiological Measurement 37 (1): Vaughan, Matthew J., Kasper van Wijk, Mike Brookes, and Jari P. Kaipio. 2016. 1–24. doi:10.1088/0967-3334/37/1/1. David J. Prior, and M. Hamish Bowman. ‘Compensation of Domain Modelling 2016. ‘Monitoring the Temperature- Errors in the Inverse Source Problem Ou, Fang, Cushla McGoverin, Simon Swift, Dependent Elastic and Anelastic of the Poisson Equation: Application and Frederique Vanholsbeeck. 2016. Properties in Isotropic Polycrystalline in Electroencephalographic Imaging’. ‘Rapid Evaluation of Bacterial Viability Ice Using Resonant Ultrasound Applied Numerical Mathematics Using the Optrode - a near Real Time Spectroscopy’. The Cryosphere 10 (6): 106 (August): 24–36. doi:10.1016/j. Portable Fluorimeter’. In Photonics and 2821–29. doi:10.5194/tc-10-2821-2016. apnum.2016.01.005. Fiber Technology 2016 OSA Technical Digest, AW3C.6. Sydney, Australia: OSA. Zou, Peng, Joachim Brand, Xia-Ji Liu, and Kumari, Madhuri, Boyang Ding, and doi:10.1364/ACOFT.2016.AW3C.6. Hui Hu. 2016. ‘Traveling Majorana Richard Blaikie. 2016. ‘Enhanced Solitons in a Low-Dimensional Spin- Resonant Absorption in Dye-Doped Ou, Fang, Cushla McGoverin, Simon Swift, Orbit-Coupled Fermi Superfluid’. Polymer Thin-Film Cavities for Water and Frederique Vanholsbeeck. 2016. Physical Review Letters 117 (22): 225302. Vapour Sensing’. Sensors and Actuators ‘Bacterial Cell Enumeration Using Flow doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.225302. B: Chemical 231 (August): 88–94. Cytometry’. In Asia Pacific Optical doi:10.1016/j.snb.2016.02.138. Sensors Confernece OSA Technical THEME 1B Digest, W4A.18. Shanghai, China: OSA. Mahlik, S., A. Lazarowska, M. Grinberg, doi:10.1364/APOS.2016.W4A.18. Anderson, Miles, François Leo, Stéphane J.-P.R. Wells, and M.F. Reid. 2016. Coen, Miro Erkintalo, and Stuart G. ‘Luminescence Properties of MgF2:Yb2+ Pulkkinen, Aki, Ben T. Cox, Simon R. Murdoch. 2016. ‘Observations of at High Hydrostatic Pressure’. Journal Arridge, Hwan Goh, Jari P. Kaipio, Spatiotemporal Instabilities of Temporal of Luminescence 169 (January): 788–93. and Tanja Tarvainen. 2016. ‘Direct Cavity Solitons’. Optica 3 (10): 1071. doi:10.1016/j.jlumin.2015.01.031. Estimation of Optical Parameters doi:10.1364/OPTICA.3.001071. From Photoacoustic Time Series in McNeill, Alexandra R., Adam R. Hyndman, Quantitative Photoacoustic Tomography’. Ardekani, Iman Tabatabaei, Jari P. Kaipio, Roger J. Reeves, Alison J. Downard, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging Alireza Nasiri, Hamid Sharifzadeh, and and Martin W. Allen. 2016. ‘Tuning 35 (11): 2497–2508. doi:10.1109/ Waleed H. Abdulla. 2016. ‘A Statistical the Band Bending and Controlling TMI.2016.2581211. Inverse Problem Approach to Online the Surface Reactivity at Polar and Secondary Path Modeling in Active Noise Nonpolar Surfaces of ZnO through Pulkkinen, Aki, Ben T. Cox, Simon R. Control’. IEEE/ACM Transactions Phosphonic Acid Binding’. ACS Applied Arridge, Jari P. Kaipio, and Tanja on Audio, Speech, and Language Materials & Interfaces 8 (45): 31392–402. Tarvainen. 2016. ‘Bayesian Parameter Processing 24 (1): 54–64. doi:10.1109/ doi:10.1021/acsami.6b10309. Estimation in Spectral Quantitative TASLP.2015.2495249. Photoacoustic Tomography’. In Mikhisor, Maria, Geoff Wyvill, Brendan SPIE9708, Photons Plus Ultrasound: Arul, Rakesh, Reece N. Oosterbeek, John McCane, and Steven Mills. 2015. Imaging and Sensing 2016, edited by Robertson, Guangyuan Xu, Jianyong ‘Adapting Generic Trackers for Tracking Alexander A. Oraevsky and Lihong V. Jin, and M. Cather Simpson. 2016. ‘The Faces’. In IVCNZ 2015, 1–6. IEEE. Wang, 97081G. San Francisco, USA. Mechanism of Direct Laser Writing doi:10.1109/IVCNZ.2015.7761570. doi:10.1117/12.2205009. of Graphene Features into Graphene Mo, Zonglai, and Weiliang Xu. 2016. Oxide Films Involves Photoreduction Reid, Michael F. 2016. ‘Theory of and Thermally Assisted Structural ‘Temperature-Compensated Optical Rare-Earth Electronic Structure and Fiber Force Sensing at the Tip of Rearrangement’. Carbon 99 (April): 423– Spectroscopy’. In Handbook on the 31. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2015.12.038. a Surgical Needle’. IEEE Sensors Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, Journal 16 (24): 8936–43. doi:10.1109/ 50:47–64. Elsevier. doi:10.1016/ Bisht, Rohit, Jagdish Kumar Jaiswal, Ying- JSEN.2016.2619383. bs.hpcre.2016.09.001. Shan Chen, Jianyong Jin, and Ilva Dana Mozumder, Meghdoot, Tanja Tarvainen, Rupenthal. 2016. ‘Light-Responsive in Rojalin, Tatu, Lauri Kurki, Timo Situ Forming Injectable Implants for Simon Arridge, Jari P. Kaipio, Cosimo Laaksonen, Tapani Viitala, Juha D’Andrea, and Ville Kolehmainen. Effective Drug Delivery to the Posterior Kostamovaara, Keith C. Gordon, Segment of the Eye’. Expert Opinion on 2016. ‘Approximate Marginalization Leonardo Galvis, Sebastian Wachsmann- of Absorption and Scattering Drug Delivery 13 (7): 953–62. doi:10.151 Hogiu, Clare J. Strachan, and Marjo 7/17425247.2016.1163334. in Fluorescence Diffuse Optical Yliperttula. 2016. ‘Fluorescence- Tomography’. Inverse Problems and Suppressed Time-Resolved Raman Imaging 10 (1): 227–46. doi:10.3934/ Spectroscopy of Pharmaceuticals ipi.2016.10.227. Using Complementary Metal-Oxide

33 Bowen, Patrick, Miro Erkintalo, Richard Dissipative Structures in an AC-Driven Nadeem, M.A., G.I.N. Waterhouse, and Provo, John D. Harvey, and Neil G. Damped Nonlinear Schrödinger System’. H. Idriss. 2016. ‘A Study of Ethanol R. Broderick. 2016. ‘Mode-Locked New Journal of Physics 18 (3): 033034. Reactions on O2-Treated Au/TiO2. Yb-Doped Fiber Laser Emitting doi:10.1088/1367-2630/18/3/033034. Effect of Support and Metal Loading on Broadband Pulses at Ultralow Repetition Reaction Selectivity’. Surface Science Rates’. Optics Letters 41 (22): 5270. Jang, Jae K., Miro Erkintalo, Jochen 650 (August): 40–50. doi:10.1016/j. doi:10.1364/OL.41.005270. Schröder, Benjamin J. Eggleton, Stuart G. susc.2015.12.009. Murdoch, and Stéphane Coen. 2016. ‘All- Cai, Ming, Hitoshi Takagi, Antonio N. Optical Buffer Based on Temporal Cavity O Duill, Sean P., Stuart G. Murdoch, Regan Nakagaito, Yan Li, and Geoffrey I.N. Solitons Operating at 10 Gb/S’. Optics T. Watts, Ricardo Rosales, Abderrahim Waterhouse. 2016. ‘Effect of Alkali Letters 41 (19): 4526. doi:10.1364/ Ramdane, Pascal Landais, and Liam P. Treatment on Interfacial Bonding in OL.41.004526. Barry. 2016. ‘Simple Dispersion Estimate Abaca Fiber-Reinforced Composites’. for Single-Section Quantum-Dash and Composites Part A: Applied Science and Jia, Xiaodan, Yufei Zhao, Guangbo Chen, Quantum-Dot Mode-Locked Laser Manufacturing 90 (November): 589–97. Lu Shang, Run Shi, Xiaofeng Kang, Diodes’. Optics Letters 41 (24): 5676. doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.08.025. Geoffrey I. N. Waterhouse, Li-Zhu Wu, doi:10.1364/OL.41.005676. Chen-Ho Tung, and Tierui Zhang. Cao, Yitao, Wei Geng, Run Shi, Lu Shang, 2016. ‘Ni 3 FeN Nanoparticles Derived Parra-Rivas, Pedro, Damià Gomila, Edgar Geoffrey I. N. Waterhouse, Limin Liu, from Ultrathin NiFe-Layered Double Knobloch, Stéphane Coen, and Lendert Li-Zhu Wu, Chen-Ho Tung, Yadong Yin, Hydroxide Nanosheets: An Efficient Gelens. 2016. ‘Origin and Stability of and Tierui Zhang. 2016. ‘Frontispiece: Overall Water Splitting Electrocatalyst’. Dark Pulse Kerr Combs in Normal Thiolate-Mediated Photoinduced Advanced Energy Materials 6 (10): Dispersion Resonators’. Optics Letters 41 Synthesis of Ultrafine Ag 2 S Quantum 1502585. doi:10.1002/aenm.201502585. (11): 2402. doi:10.1364/OL.41.002402. Dots from Silver Nanoparticles’. Angewandte Chemie International Jovic, Vedran, Hicham Idriss, and Geoffrey Rueda, Alfredo, Florian Sedlmeir, Michele Edition 55 (48): 14952–14957. I.N. Waterhouse. 2016. ‘Slow Photon C. Collodo, Ulrich Vogl, Birgit Stiller, doi:10.1002/anie.201684861. Amplification of Gas-Phase Ethanol Gerhard Schunk, Dmitry V. Strekalov, Photo-Oxidation in Titania Inverse Opal et al. 2016. ‘Efficient Microwave to Cao, Yitao, Wei Geng, Run Shi, Lu Shang, Photonic Crystals’. Chemical Physics Optical Photon Conversion: An Electro- Geoffrey I. N. Waterhouse, Limin Liu, 479 (November): 109–21. doi:10.1016/j. Optical Realization’. Optica 3 (6): 597. Li-Zhu Wu, Chen-Ho Tung, Yadong chemphys.2016.10.001. doi:10.1364/OPTICA.3.000597. Yin, and Tierui Zhang. 2016. ‘Thiolate- Mediated Photoinduced Synthesis of Krauskopf, Bernd, Soizic Terrien, Neil Runge, Antoine F. J., Neil G. R. Broderick, Ultrafine Ag 2 S Quantum Dots from Broderick, and Sylvain Barbay. 2016. and Miro Erkintalo. 2016. ‘Dynamics of Silver Nanoparticles’. Angewandte ‘Quasiperiodic Dynamics in a Micropillar Soliton Explosions in Passively Mode- Chemie International Edition 55 (48): Laser with Saturable Absorber and Locked Fiber Lasers’. Journal of the 14952–57. doi:10.1002/anie.201608019. Delayed Optical Feedback’. In 2016 Optical Society of America B 33 (1): 46. Photonics and Fibre Technology Congress, doi:10.1364/JOSAB.33.000046. Chen, Guangbo, Yufei Zhao, Lu Shang, JT4A.19. Sydney, Australia: OSA. Geoffrey I. N. Waterhouse, Xiaofeng doi:10.1364/ACOFT.2016.JT4A.19. Sarda, Narendra G., Hiroshi Fujigaki, Kang, Li-Zhu Wu, Chen-Ho Tung, and Yuma Ogita, Andrew Chan, Kei-Ichiro Tierui Zhang. 2016. ‘Recent Advances Leo, F., T. Hansson, I. Ricciardi, M. De Murai, Geoffrey I.N. Waterhouse, in the Synthesis, Characterization Rosa, S. Coen, S. Wabnitz, and M. and Toshihiro Moriga. 2015. and Application of Zn + -Containing Erkintalo. 2016. ‘Walk-Off-Induced ‘Photoluminescence Properties of (Ba1- Heterogeneous Catalysts’. Advanced Modulation Instability, Temporal Pattern (x+y)SrxEuy)2Si6O22N2 Phosphors Science 3 (7): 1500424. doi:10.1002/ Formation, and Frequency Comb for White LED Applications’. Journal advs.201500424. Generation in Cavity-Enhanced Second- of Nano Research 36 (November): Harmonic Generation’. Physical Review 1–7. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/ Dolan, Ciarán, Fleur Drouet, David C. Letters 116 (3): 033901. doi:10.1103/ JNanoR.36.1. Ware, Penelope J. Brothers, Jianyong PhysRevLett.116.033901. Jin, Margaret A. Brimble, and David E. Scholes, Colin A., Jianyong Jin, Geoff W. Williams. 2016. ‘A New High-Capacity Leo, F., T. Hansson, I. Ricciardi, M. De Stevens, and Sandra E. Kentish. 2016. Metal Ion-Complexing Gel Containing Rosa, S. Coen, S. Wabnitz, and M. ‘Hydrocarbon Solubility, Permeability, Cyclen Ligands’. RSC Adv. 6 (28): Erkintalo. 2016. ‘Frequency-Comb and Competitive Sorption Effects in 23645–52. doi:10.1039/C6RA00604C. Formation in Doubly Resonant Second- Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity Harmonic Generation’. Physical (PIM-1) Membranes’. Journal of Polymer Foreman, Matthew R., Florian Sedlmeir, Review A 93 (4): 043831. doi:10.1103/ Science Part B: Polymer Physics 54 (3): Harald G. L. Schwefel, and Gerd Leuchs. PhysRevA.93.043831. 397–404. doi:10.1002/polb.23900. 2016. ‘Dielectric Tuning and Coupling of Whispering Gallery Modes Using an Majeed, I., M. Amtiaz Nadeem, M. Al-Oufi, Shang, Lu, Bian Tong, Huijun Yu, Geoffrey Anisotropic Prism’. Journal of the Optical M. Arif Nadeem, G. I. N. Waterhouse, I. N. Waterhouse, Chao Zhou, Yufei Zhao, Society of America B 33 (11): 2177. A. Badshah, J. B. Metson, and H. Idriss. Muhammad Tahir, Li-Zhu Wu, Chen-Ho doi:10.1364/JOSAB.33.002177. 2016. ‘On the Role of Metal Particle Size Tung, and Tierui Zhang. 2016. ‘CdS and Surface Coverage for Photo-Catalytic Nanoparticle-Decorated Cd Nanosheets Hansson, Tobias, François Leo, Miro Hydrogen Production: A Case Study of for Efficient Visible Light-Driven Erkintalo, Jessienta Anthony, Stéphane the Au/CdS System’. Applied Catalysis Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution’. Coen, Iolanda Ricciardi, Maurizio B: Environmental 182 (March): 266–76. Advanced Energy Materials 6 (3): De Rosa, and Stefan Wabnitz. 2016. doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.09.039. 1501241. doi:10.1002/aenm.201501241. ‘Single Envelope Equation Modeling of Multi-Octave Comb Arrays in Majeed, Imran, Muhammad Amtiaz Shang, Lu, Huijun Yu, Xing Huang, Tong Microresonators with Quadratic and Nadeem, Ejaz Hussain, Geoffrey I. N. Bian, Run Shi, Yufei Zhao, Geoffrey I. N. Cubic Nonlinearities’. Journal of the Waterhouse, Amin Badshah, Azhar Waterhouse, Li-Zhu Wu, Chen-Ho Tung, Optical Society of America B 33 (6): Iqbal, Muhammad Arif Nadeem, and and Tierui Zhang. 2016. ‘Well-Dispersed 1207. doi:10.1364/JOSAB.33.001207. Hicham Idriss. 2016. ‘On the Synergism ZIF-Derived Co,N-Co-Doped Carbon between Cu and Ni for Photocatalytic Nanoframes through Mesoporous-Silica- Jang, Jae K, Miro Erkintalo, Kathy Luo, Hydrogen Production and Their Protected Calcination as Efficient Oxygen Gian-Luca Oppo, Stéphane Coen, and Potential as Substitutes of Noble Metals’. Reduction Electrocatalysts’. Advanced Stuart G Murdoch. 2016. ‘Controlled ChemCatChem 8 (19): 3146–55. Materials 28 (8): 1668–74. doi:10.1002/ Merging and Annihilation of Localised doi:10.1002/cctc.201600697. adma.201505045.

34 Sun-Waterhouse, Dongxiao, Geoffrey I.N. Yanaranop, Paam, Bagus Santoso, Ron Zhao, Yufei, Xiaodan Jia, Geoffrey I.N. Waterhouse, Lijun You, Jianan Zhang, Etzion, and Jianyong Jin. 2016. ‘Facile Waterhouse, Li-Zhu Wu, Chen-Ho Tung, Yang Liu, Lukai Ma, Jie Gao, and Conversion of Nitrile to Amide on Dermot O’Hare, and Tierui Zhang. Yi Dong. 2016. ‘Transforming Insect Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity 2016. ‘Layered Double Hydroxide Biomass into Consumer Wellness Foods: (PIM-1)’. Polymer 98 (August): 244–51. Nanostructured Photocatalysts for A Review’. Food Research International doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2016.06.041. Renewable Energy Production’. 89 (November): 129–51. doi:10.1016/j. Advanced Energy Materials 6 (6): foodres.2016.10.001. Yang, Hui, Siobhan J. Bradley, Andrew 1501974. doi:10.1002/aenm.201501974. Chan, Geoffrey I. N. Waterhouse, Terrien, Soizic, Bernd Krauskopf, Neil Thomas Nann, Paul E. Kruger, and Zhou, Chao, Run Shi, Lu Shang, Yufei Broderick, and Sylvain Barbay. 2016. Shane G. Telfer. 2016. ‘Catalytically Zhao, Geoffrey I. N. Waterhouse, Li-Zhu ‘Multistable Dynamics in a Micropillar Active Bimetallic Nanoparticles Wu, Chen-Ho Tung, and Tierui Zhang. Laser with Saturable Absorber and Supported on Porous Carbon Capsules 2016. ‘A Sustainable Strategy for the Delayed Optical Feedback’. In SPIE Derived From Metal–Organic Framework Synthesis of Pyrochlore H 4 Nb 2 O 7 9802, Nanosensors, Biosensors, and Composites’. Journal of the American Hollow Microspheres as Photocatalysts Info-Tech Sensors and Systems 2016, Chemical Society 138 (36): 11872–81. for Overall Water Splitting’. JT4A.21. Las Vegas, Nevada, United doi:10.1021/jacs.6b06736. ChemPlusChem 82 (2): 181–85. States: OSA. doi:10.1364/ACOFT.2016. doi:10.1002/cplu.201600501. JT4A.21. Yu, Huijun, Lu Shang, Tong Bian, Run Shi, Geoffrey I. N. 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DODD-WALLS CENTRE FOR PHOTONIC AND QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES

2016 ANNUAL REPORT