Staffordshire

SampleCounty

Studies CONTENTS. P a g e Council and Committees for 1922-23 - - - - 4 Programme for 1922-23 ------6 Accounts for 1921 ______7 List of Honorary and New Members - - - - 10 Annual Report ______13 Report of Delegate to the British Association— A. Scott, M.A., D.Sc. ------X6 A Survey of English Place-names— A. Mawer, M. A. - - 19 Presidential Address—P. W. L. Adams, F.S.A. 23 Notes on an Old Dial—A. T. Daniel, M.A. - 37 The Present Status of Staffordshire Bonibi and Psitliyri— B. Bryan ______^ The Coaching SampleAge in Staffordshire—County S. A. H. Bume, M.A. 49 Moorland Bird Migrations—T. Smith, M.B.O.U. - - 73 A List of Birds Breeding in the Stone Area— B.C. Dutton 86 Erratics from Coal Seams—J. T. Stobbs, F.G.S. - - 97 In Meinoriam— Alex. Scrivener _____ 100 Reports of Sections: A. Zoology— J. R. B. Masefield, M.A. - - - - 102 B. Entomology—T. Smith, M.B.O.U. - Studies - - 107 C. Botany—W. T. Boydon Ridge, B.Sc. - no E. Geology— F. Barke, F.G.S. ----- 116 F. Meteorology— G. C. Lawson, F.R.Met.Soc. - - 119 H. Photography—W. J. B. Blake _ _ _ _ 129 I. Sketching—J. H. Beckett, A.R.I.B.A. - - - 129 J. History—T. Pape, B.A. _____ 130 Journal of Proceedings—Field Excursions _ _ _ 134 „ „ „ Evening Meetings - - 142 APPENDIX The Flora of North Staffordshire, Introduction and pages 1—20—W. T. Boydon Ridg^, B.Sc. - _ 1

The Authors alone are responsible for the facts and opinions expressed in their papers. 4

COUNCIL FO R 1922-23.

Elected March 24th, 1922.

StaffordshirePresident: A. T. D a n ie l , M.A.

Vice-Presidents:

T h e E x -P r e s id e n t s . V e r y R e v . H . E. S a v a g e , D .D . J. A. A u d l e y , B.Sc., F.I.C. E. B . W a in , M .In st. C.E. L a d y F a r r e r . A. F. W e n g e r . W . H . V e r d in . H. H. G o d d a r d . A. H. J o h n , M.B., B.S.

Hon. Treasurer: Hon. Secretary:

J. R. 13. M a s e f ie l d , M .A. H . V. T h o m pso n , M.A., SampleCountyCentral Technical School, Stokc-on-Trent.

Sections: Chairmen:

A. Zoology - J . R . B. M a s e f ie l d , M.A. B. Entomology - T . S m ith , M.B.O.U. C. Botany - W . T. B o y d o n R id g e , B.Sc. D. Microscopy - A. I-I. J o h n , M.B.,Studies B.S. E. Geology- - F. B a r k e , F.G.S. F. Meteorology - - G. C. Lawson, P'.R.Met.Soc. G. Archaeology - - J. PI. B e c k e t t , A.R.i .b .A. H. Photography - W . J. B. Blake. I. Sketching - W. C a m p b e ll. J. Plistory - T. P a p e , B.A.

Local Secretaries:

Burslem— H. J. S t e e l e . Newcastle- •T. P a p e . Cheadle— J. R. B . M a s e f ie l d . vStoke—H. V. Thompson. Planley— B. B r y a n . vStone—A. PTuntbach. Leek— R . S. M il n e r . Tunstall—E. B. W ain. Longton—E. P. T u r n e r . Uttoxeter— A. T. D a n ie l. 5

Elected Members of Council: (To retire in 1923) (To retire in 1924) (To retire in 1925) P. W. L. A da m s. M r s . O. A. T it l e y . G. B l o o r e . StaffordshireA. W. A sh t o n . M is s M. B ic k l EY. S. A. Cu t l a c k . W. C a m pb e l l. R e v . L . K . Cl a r k . II. W . D a l t r y . R e v . E. D e a c o n . T. C. W a r r in g t o n . H. M. F r a s e r .

Co m m it t e e s f o r 1922-23. Finance Committee: T h e P r e s id e n t . T h e H o n . T r e a s u r e r . T h e H o n . S e c r e t a r y .

Library Committee: T h e P r e s id e n t . J . A. A u d l e y , B .S c. T h e H o n . T r e a s u r e r . F. B a r k e , F.G.S. T h e H o n . S e c r e t a r y . B . B r y a n . T h e H o n . L ibSample r a r ia n . County M is s . M. B ic k l e y , B.A. T h e H o n . E d it o r . W . Ca m p b e l l . W . T. B o y d o n R id g e , B .S c.

Natural History Museum Committee: Chairman— J. R. B. M a s e f ie l d , M.A. T h e H o n . S e c r e t a r y . W. T. B o y d o n R id g e , B.Sc. F. B a r k e , F.G.S. T. S m it h , M.B.O.U.

Publication Committee: Studies T h e P r e s id e n t . F. B a r k e , I'.G.S. T h e H o n . T r e a s u r e r . J. H. B e c k e t t , A.R.I.B.A. T h e H o n . S e c r e t a r y . E. D . B o sto c k , F.E.S. T h e H o n . E d it o r . T. P a p e , B.A. W. T. B o y d o n R id g e , B.Sc.

Delegate to the British Association : S. A. Ca m p b e l l , B.A., B.Sc.

Hon. Auditor: Hon. Editor: Hon. Librarian: J. C. B l a d e n , C.A. S. A. H. B u r n k , M.A. A. H u n t b a c h .

Collector: W. H. E a r l , C.A. 6

EXCU RSIO NS, 1922.

Saturday, April 29th. S t a n d o n , H a t t o n , and S w y n n e r t o n O l d P a r k . StaffordshireLeader— F . B a r k e .

Saturday, May 27th. Co t to n D a l e . Leader— W. E. A l k in s .

Saturday, June 17th—Monday, June 19th. Bong Excursion. Ch a r n w o o d F o r e s t . Leader— 'Live P r e s id e n t , A. T . D a n ie l .

Saturday, July 1st. A sh l e y a n d G e r a r d ’s B r o m l e y . Leader— T . P a p e .

Thursday, July Sample20th. T h e R oCounty c iie s a n d D is t r ic t . Leader— J . Ch a ijl in o r .

Saturday, August 19th. H o a r C r o ss a n d Y o x a l l. Leader—S. A. H. B u r n e .

Saturday, September 16th. B a r l a s t o n , T it t e n s o r , and M b a f o r d . Leader— P . C. D u t t o n . Studies

Thursday, October 5th. T a m w o r th and Cl if t o n Ca m pv il l e. Leader— A. H u n t b a c ii.

EVEN IN G M EETINGS, 1922-23.

1. Friday, November 17th— Stone. 2. Wednesday, December 13th— Stoke-on-Trent. 3. Friday, January 26th— Stoke-on-Trent. 4. Wednesday, February 21st— Cheadle. 5. Friday, March 23rd. AN N UAE M EETING, Stoke-on- Trent. The above dates are provisional and subject to alteration. HONORARY MEMBERS.

Staffordshiree l e c t e d 1921. Barke, F., F.G.S., Stoke Bodge, Stoke-on-Trent. 1913. Blagg, Miss M. A., F.R.A.S., Greenhill, Cheadlc, Staffs. 1886. Bonney, Professor, the Rev. T. G., M.A., Sc.D., RB.D., F.R.S., F.G.S., F.S.A., 9, Scroope Terrace, Cambridge. 1918. Cook, the Right Hon. Sir Joseph, G.C.M.G., Australia House, Kingsway, Rondon, W.C.2. 1899. Dawkins, Professor Sir W. Boyd, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S., F'.G.S., F.S.A., Fallowfield House, Fallowfield, Manchester. 1903. Hardy, Sir Reginald, Bart., M.A., Dunstall Hall, Burton- on-Trent. 1908. Bodge, Sir Oliver, D.Sc., RR.D., F.R.S., Mariemont, Edg- baston, Binningham. 1921. Masefield, Sample J. R. B., M.A.,County J.P., Rosehill, Cheadle, Staffs. 1917. Spanton, W. Dunnett, F.R.C.S., Ripon Bodge, Hastings. 1887. Wragge, C. R., F.R.G.S., F.R.Met.Soc., Waiata, Birken­ head, Auckland, New Zealand.

BIST OF MEMBERS. E l e c t e d o r R e -in s t a t e d d u r in g t h e S e sStudies s io n . Atkinson, C. IB, Westwood, Harpfield, Stoke-on-Trent. Belasco, H. G., B.Sc., A.I.C., Croft House, Garden Village, Stoke-on-Trent. Benbow, C. A., Micklow House, Stone, Staffs. Bentley, B., 185, Meir Road, Normacot, Stoke-on-Trent. Brett, W. H., 6, Pall Mall, Hanley, Stoke-on-Trent. Brunt, II., High Grove, Rightwood, Rongton, Stoke-on-Trent. Clough, J. W ., 9, King’s Avenue, Stone, Staffs. Cobem, T. M., Orine Boys’ School, Newcastle, Staffs. Cooper, A. E., 94, Wellesley Street, Shelton, Stoke-on-Trent. Cooper, Mrs. A. E., 94, Wellesley Street, Shelton, Stoke-on Trent. Crofts, H. J., Ilesketh Avenue, Norton-in-the-Moors, Stoke-on- Trent. 192 1-22 . LIST OF MEMBERS. II

Cutlack, Miss G., The Oaks, Porthill, Stoke-on-Trent. Cutlack, Miss I. M., The Oaks, Porthill, Stoke-on-Trent. Cutlack, Mrs. S. A., The Oaks, Porthill, Stoke-on-Trent. StaffordshireDickin, Miss P., 88, Wellesley Street, Shelton, Stoke-on-Trent. Dickens, J. H., M.A., 196, Trentham Road, , Stoke-on- Trent. Dobson, T. P., High Street, Silverdale, Staffs. Doubleday, H. C., 15, Pawrence Street, Stoke-on-Trent. Foster, J., 25, Stanier Street, Fenton, Stoke-on-Trent. Garbett, Miss IP P. E., The William Salt Pibrary, . Garton, Miss I. M., M.A., 34, Newport Road, Stafford. Griffiths, Miss M. A., Hough Cottage, Endon, Stoke-on-Trent Hipkins, Rev. E. C., M.A., B.C.P., The Vicarage, Normacot, Stoke-on-Trent. Hipkins, Mrs. E. C., The Vicarage, Normacot, Stoke-on-Trent. Holbrook, A. C., Bank Street, Cheadle, Staffs. Hopwood, C. II.,Sample M.B., Kelvedon,County Fenton, Stoke-on-Trent. Johnson, B. M. H., 14, Penkville Street, Eondon Road, Stoke-on- Trent. Johnson, Mrs. C. Johnson, F. C., Henshall Flail, Congleton, Cheshire. Pangridge, Rev. P. S., B.A., Fulford Vicarage, , Stoke-on-Trent. Eewis, Miss V. E., Avondale, Friarswood Road, Newcastle,Studies Staffs. Marks, Mrs. E., Regent Street, West End, Stoke-on-Trent. Mellor, E. M., F.R.G.S., Redlands, New Road, Uttoxeter. Mitchell, FI. W., Benfield, Trentham, Stoke-on-Trent. Morrison, Miss E. J. D ., 7, The Close, , Stoke-on-Trent. Oulsnam, Miss S. E., 21, Bedford Street, Basford, Stoke-on-Trent. Pointon, H., 1, Guildford Street, Shelton, Stoke-on-Trent. Poulson, C. E., The Cottage, Flilderstone, Stone, Staffs. Ramsden, C. E., Westwood, Oulton Cross, Stone, Staffs. Reid, J. G., Hem Heath, Trentham, Stoke-on-Trent. Smith, Miss K. Knights, The Vicarage, Uttoxeter. Sprunt, Miss J., M.A., Onne Girls’ School, Newcastle, Staffs. Stubbs, H., Roseville, Endon, Stoke-on-Trent. Timmis, P., Basford Road, Basford Park, Stoke-on-Trent. Timrais, T. J. S., Kingsford Oval, Basford, Stoke-on-Trent. 12 1,1ST OF MEMBERS. VOL. I.VI.

Tomson, Miss E., The Hollies, Marston Montgomery, Derbyshire. Trigg, P., Dower Mayer Street, Hanley, Stoke-on-Trent. Turner, R. 1*'., 19, Northesk Street, Stone, Staffs. StaffordshireWalker, S., Charles Street, Hanley, Stoke-on-Trent. Webster, Mrs. J. T., Shallowford, Norton Bridge, Stoke-on-Trent. Willdigg, Miss E., Bromley Hough, Garden Village, Stoke-on- Trent. Woolley, Miss M., Belmont Villas, James Street, Stoke-on-Trent. Woolley, Miss G., 39, James Street, Stoke-on-Trent. Woolley, W. E., Meads, Mossley, Congleton.

Total number of members corrected to March 24th, 1922— 601

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Studies ANNUAL REPORT.

Read at the Fifly-sixlh Annual Meeting held at Stoke-on Trent Staffordshireon March 24th, 1922.

HE Council of the North Staffordshire Field Club is happy T to say that it can present to members a favourable report of the proceedings of the year which this meeting brings to a close. The General Account shows a balance in hand of £26 3s. 8cl., and the decision to raise the annual subscription has been fully justified by events ; as, had the amount remained at its original figure, the Club would now be in an insolvent state. The Council has authorized the transfer of the balance of the Croxden Abbey fund to a fund for the preservation of Ancient Monuments or HistoricSample BuildingsCounty in the county of Stafford. The almost unprecedented sunshine of the past summer was naturally a great asset to the field excursions, although usually the Club has little ground for complaint on this score. In addition to the Long Excursion, seven others were held at which the average attendance was 35. Twenty-three members attended the Long Excursion to Ludlow and district, where a most enjoyable and interesting week-end was spent. The success of this excursion was in no small measureStudies due to the ungrudging help given to the visitors by Mr. J. C. Maclcay and the Rev. W. D. M. La Touche. A very pleasing incident took place at the May Excursion when Messrs. F. Barke, J. R. B. Masefield and A. Scrivener were appointed honorary members in recognition of their long continued and valuable services to the Club. A gratifying feature of the past session has been the greater interest shown in the evening meetings at which, members are reminded, the more serious and permanent work of the Club is usually transacted. The first meeting was held at Uttoxeter, where members were the guests of Mr. and Mrs. A. T. Daniel, and the success of this meeting encourages the Council to hope that there will be a reversion to the one-time custom of holding 14 ANNXJAT, REPO RT. VOX. EVI.

more outside meetings so that country members can keep in touch with the Club during the winter months. The average attendance at the evening meetings has been 50 and twelve papers or addresses on widely varying topics have been com­ Staffordshiremunicated to members. During the past year 52 new members have been elected and 2 re-instated: 12 members have died, 27 resigned, and, under Rule V II, the names of 25 deleted from the list. There are now 601 members, a decrease of 10. Among those who have passed away mention must be made of the Most Rev. S. T. Nevill, an original member, the oldest honorary member and the Club’s first honorary treasurer. The death of Mr. Alex. Scrivener has removed one who for many years largely contributed to that solid mass of work done, to which our present members can look back with pride and en­ couragement. Although seldom seen in recent years, Mr. T. Hampton was one of the oldest supporters of the Club, having been a memberSample for over half a Countycentury. Mr. A. A. Rollason, who joined in 1906, was a well-known antiquarian: in addition to writing the history of several South Staffordshire towns he was the author of numerous biographical and chronological sketches. The outstanding feature among the Sections has been the sterling work done by Mr. W. J. B. Blake in initiating a regional survei' of the county. The project is too large to beStudies carried on single-handed and all members, who are able, are asked to give that support which the display of photographs at the evening meetings so amply deserves. The History sub-section has been constituted a separate section under the chairmanship of Mr. T. Pape. The Daltry Library well repays all the care that Mr. A. Huntbach has bestowed upon it. As anticipated in last year’s Report the sale of duplicates and surplus furniture has realized a considerable sum, which has almost defrayed the cost of extra cases for the Hind collection, and has enabled a large number of books to be bound. The insurance on the contents of the Library has been raised to cover the recent additions and the enhanced replacement value of the old books. StaffordshireA SURVEY OF ENGLISH PLACE-NAMES. URING the last twenty years or so the idea has gradually D dawned upon English scholars that there is a rich mine of historical, linguistic and cultural lore latent in our place-names, if only we could secure a satisfactory interpretation of them. Great scholars like the late Professor Skeat have done invaluable work in indicating the lines upon which such interpretation must proceed and books upon the names of several counties have appeared, among them a book of considerable value upon the place-names of Staffordshire by the late Mr. W. H. Duignan, author also of a still better book upon the place-names of Wor­ cestershire. As the work developed however it became in­ creasingly clear to those who were engaged upon it that, if ever we were toSample glean the full Countyharvest of scientific and humane knowledge from our place-names, we should have to plan our work upon much wider lines than those on which we began and that the task would no longer be one for individual effort only but rather for co-operation. The reasons for such extension of plan are briefly as follows :— (i.) The place-names of any single area can only be inter­ preted aright in the light of the evidence for at leastStudies the whole of this country. To gather, sift and check this evidence is entirely beyond any one scholar’s power however great his industry. (ii.) Our place-names arc of such diverse origin andhavebeen subject to so many different linguistic influences that there is no single scholar, however great his linguistic attainments, who is capable of tackling all the problems involved. (iii.) In the interpretation of individual names and in drawing from them all the important conclusions implicit in them, many different interests are concerned— linguistic, historical, archaeo­ logical, topographical. Such a combination of interests and knowledge can never be fully united in a single scholar. These facts have been realized in other countries and the result has been, in more than one European country, the in­ 20 A SURVEY OF ENGLISH PLACE NAMES VOL. LVI.

auguration of complete surveys of their place-names. England’s time for such a survey has now come and under the patronage of the British Academy, with the friendly co-operation of the Ordnance Survey Office and the Public Record Office and the Staffordshireactive help of many of the leading historians, archivists, archseo- logers and topographers in this country a general Survey of English Place-names has begun. The first task of the Survey will be the gathering of the re­ quisite material for its work. This will in the first place be drawn from historical documents of various kinds and will include as complete a collection as possible of the early forms of the names, together with their modern identifications and such other information found in the documents themselves as may assist in the ultimate interpretation of the names. This will be supplemented by other information drawn from local sources with reference to such things as topographical conditions or archaeological remains which may have left their mark in the names themselves,Sample legends whichCounty may throw light on their origin, and local pronunciations which are not only of value in the history of the local dialect but also often of significance in the actual interpretation of the names. All the material will be gathered in slip form. Instructions for the gathering and setting out of the material and model slips in illustration have been prepared and are issued to all workers. The material is being gathered county by countyStudies under the direction of a county organizer who directs and co-ordinates the work of those who are prepared to help. The material from the various counties will be centrally pooled and when a sufficient body of material has been gathered for the whole of England and a full body of material for any single area, usually a county, a volume upon the place-names of that area will be prepared. In that volume the various scholarly interests mentioned above will co-operate not only in the interpretation of individual names but also in drawing those general historical conclusions which all must desire to see as one of the chief results of the work. The Survey is just six months old and is already at work in more than a dozen of our counties. So far no work has been done upon Staffordshire but from the first considerable interest StaffordshirePRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS. A SH ORT h i s t o r y o r p a r i s h c h u r c h r e g i s t e r s .

B y P. W. L. A d a m s, F.S.A.

Read March 24Ih, 1922.

N England parish registers were unknown until the reign of I Henry VIII, when the duty of keeping them was imposed upon the local clergy by a royal injunction which was published by Thomas Cromwell, on September 29th 1538. Thomas Cromwell was made Vicar-Gcueral in the year 1535, indeed he was appointed supreme head of the Church of England in July of that year. ThereSample is no doubtCounty that he immediately set to work to organize in this country some scheme of registration such as he had seen in the Low Countries. He was most probably familiar with the baptismal registers introduced by the Spanish clergy but it is to him only we must give the credit of the regis­ tration of marriage and burials ; both registers were prescribed as a law of the Catholic Church by the Council of Trent on November n th 1563. We learn that in the year 1536 the pro­ ject of registration was already causing discontent Studiesamongst the people, for a rumour had got about that they would be forced to pay a tribute to the King for christenings, marriages and burials. The injunction (which is sometimes recited in old register books) says nothing about fees or taxes but commands every minister as follows : (5 Sep. 1538) ‘ ‘ That you . . . shall for every Church kepe one boke or registere wherein ye shall write the day and yere of every weddynge, christenyng, and buryeng and also there insert every person’s name that shall be so wedded, chris­ tened or buried and for the saufE kepinge of the same boke the parishe shalbe bond to provide of their comen charges one sure coffer with twoo lockes and keys whereof the one to remayne with you and the other with the said wardens...... which boke ye shall every Sonday take furthe and in the prescent 24 PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS. VOL. LVI.

of the said wardens, or one of them, write and recorde in the same all the weddinges and christenynges, and buryenges, made the whole weke before.” Consequently 1538 is the earliest year we can expect registers to begin, although occasionally earlier Staffordshireones occur, made probably in anticipation of the injunction. Dr. J. C. Cox in the Parish Registers of England states that there are only eighteen registers with entries prior to 1538, and that the earliest entry in the registers of Tipton in this county is 1513 but this I have reluctantly come to the conclusion is a mistake for 1573, for when the year 15x8 is reached in the register the next given is 1579 otherwise there is no break in the continuity of the entries on the page. The mistake was no doubt made in the copying out, for in 1597 a constitution was passed by the convocation of Canterbury, and approved by Her Majesty, Queen Elizabeth, which ordered that in future all registers should be kept on parchment and that parchment copies should be made of the older books.Sample Most of theCounty existing registers which contain entries earlier than 1579 are copies made in accordance with this order. The entries for each week were to be read out on the Sunday following at the conclusion of matins or evensong and each page of the register was to be signed by the minister and wardens. This latter order referred also to the copies of the earlier registers and therefore often necessitated a minister signing for many years previous to his own incumbency and being credited in consequence with extreme longevity byStudies some his­ torians. A similar order was issued by James I in 1603 which required that this parchment book was to be kept in a sure coffer with three locks of which the minister and each churchwarden were to have a key. The constitution of 1597 also required that copies for all entries of the year should be sent annually to the diocesan register; these copies are the ‘ ‘ Bishop’s trans­ cripts." The utility of this provision in supplying local loss, and preventing the commission of fraud has been proved in par­ liamentary and legal proceedings. Unfortunately the canon attached no fees to the transcript either for the parish or the bishop ; the result has been that the parishes often grudged the expense of a copy, the bishops seldom insisted upon its trans­ mission and the diocesan registrars allowed their archives to remain “ unarranged and unconsultable.” StaffordshireA l e x . S c r iv e n e r . Born April 19th, 1852; Died December 17th, 1921.

O have lost within a few months such men as Wheelton T Hind, Charles Eynam, and now Alex. Scrivener, might well seem, as indeed it is, a heavy blow to the stability of the Club they did so much to maintain. It will be a poor tribute to their memory if fresh workers do not step forward to take up the torch. That is the fairest memorial the Club can raise and who can doubt that they would have it otherwise. The son of Mr. Robert Scrivener, an architect and the founder of the firm of R. Scrivener and Sons, the subject of this notice adopted the sameSample profession andCounty had been for many years a very well known and reputed architect in North Staffordshire. He joined the Field Club in 1874. His first recorded activity seems to be the leadership of an excursion to Norbury, Mayfield, and Ashbourne in 1876. In the following year he conducted a party to Tamworth and Clifton Campville. He was elected President in 1885 and addressed the members on “ Mediaeval Church Architecture in England ” and the omission of this address from the Transactions must be regarded as unfortunate Studiesfor he had a singularly lucid method of exposition and was always master of whatever subject to which he addressed himself. His mind was in a marked degree critical and his judgment sound. If he had been a lawyer it would have been said of him that he got his cases up carefully. One is thinking more particularly of the pains he took at the excursions for which he was responsible. Many of these were outside the county but a clear and critical description was always forthcoming. Nor was he afraid to combat archaeological opinions which he believed to be ill-founded. In manner superficially brusque, as some may have thought, ha was in reality a man of kind heart and high ideals. Of recent years failing health prevented him from accompanying the Club as frequently as he wished and the masterly grip of architectural Trans. North Staffs. Field Club. Vol. LVI. 1921-22. Plate I I I .

Staffordshire

SampleCounty

Studies 19 2 1-2 2 . IN MEMORIAM 10 1

problems upon which his fellow members had learned to rely was very much missed. In 1895 he acted as Chairman of the Executive Committee which arranged for the visit of the British StaffordshireArcliceological Association to North Staffordshire, Elected Presi­ dent for the second time in 1905, he received the Gamer Medal in the same year in recognition of his archaeological work and last year the Club elected him an Honorary Member in appreciation of his long services. In 19x7 his eldest son was killed in action at Loos in that attack where also fell Charles Masefield. Though he bore his loss with as much pride as grief, there can be no doubt the strain of the war accelerated the decline in health which be­ came apparent to all. At the burial service at Endon there were present representing the Club Messrs. J. H. Beckett, A. Huntbach, S. A. H. Bumc, and W. Campbell. Among Scrivener’sSample numerous communications of archaeological importance the following haveCounty received fairly full notice in the Transactions. Castle Donington Church, xiv, 1880, p. 21. Burton Abbey, xvii, 1883, p. 82. Morley Church xviii, 1884, p. 35. Tutbury Church, xix, 1885, P- 69. Weston-upon-Trent Church, xix, 1885. p. 24 and xxxix, 1905, p. 150. Studies Southwell Cathedral, xx, 1886, p. 67. Stowe Church, xxx, 1896, p. 150. King’s Bromley Church, xxxiv, 1900, p. 142. Tatenhill Church, xxxvii, 1903, p. 122. Chartley Castle, xxxix, 1905, p. 143. Eccleshall Church, xlii, 1908, p. 172. LiUeshall Church, xliii, 1909 p. 173. Kingsley Church, xliii, 1909, p. 191. Cleulow Cross, xliii, 1909, p. 199. Sandon Church (with plan), xlv, 19x1, p. 13. Tamworth, xlv. 1911, p. 213. Coppenhall Church, xlvi, 1912, p. 222. The Ridwares, xlviii, 1914, p. 211. Wroxeter Church, xlviii, 1914, p. 219. StaffordshireREPORTS OF SECTIONS.

A.—ZOOLOGY: Chairman, J. R. B. M a s e f i e e d , M.A.

OR the 38th year in succession I thank many correspondents F for help in recording interesting facts concerning the fauna of the county. The unusually hot and dry summer of 1921 followed by a dry autumn was favourable to wild animal life. Owing to the destruction of many of their natural enemies, field mice, voles and the brown rat became so numerous that they caused very considerable loss in both field and garden crops. An extremely early date for the appearance of a young Song Thrush was MarchSample 6th, 1922, probably the earliest recorded date in the county. County

M a m m a u a . Classified Reports. Whiskered Bat, Myotis mystacinus, Leisler. I received a specimen of this bat 011 August 19th, 1921 from Yamfield, near Stone, which is a new locality for the species, and shows its general distribution in the county. Studies Badger Meles meles, Iv. An adult Badger, recently killed, was shown to me on August 15th, 1921. it was found in old brickworks at Newton Farm, Cresswell, near Cheadle. Mole, Talpa europcea, F. On August 18th, 1921, a Mole was seeu at Ash Hall, near Bucknall, in the act of devouring a frog (A. Meigli). The Frog occasionally forms a part of the food of the Mole, but its staple food is undoubtedly earth worms, lame, slugs and snails. Water Shrew, Neomys fodiens, Pallas. A dead Water Shrew was picked up at Alstonefield on April 10th, 1921, at least a quarter of a mile from any stream or pond (B. R. S. Pemberton). Although a water species, this Shrew is often found long dis­ tances from water, carried away, probably, by a cat or other animal. 19 2 1-2 2 . ZOOLOGY. 103

A v e s . Swallows were again very deficient in numbers in 1921. Only about half the nests contained a full clutch of eggs, although Staffordshirethey hatched off well, and many second broods were reared. Black-headed, and other Gulls might have been seen almost daily during last year, near sewage farms, ponds and flashes of water near Stoke-on-Trent. It is no longer an uncommon sight to see Gulls so far inland, thanks to the County Council Protection Orders. If food were provided for these birds during the winter months, they would no doubt become as tame as they are in the London parks, thus affording great pleasure to lovers of Nature. The following appeared in The Field of Oct. 1st, 1921, and is worth putting upon record to show how some of our indigenous wild birds are vanishing from the county. ' ‘ Lord Lichfield’sSample Moor, Cannock Chase. Oct. 21st, 1897. 7 guns County killed 41 Black Game and 122 grouse. Oct. 20th, 1898. 8 guns killed 40 Black Game and 127 grouse. The great days of Cannock Chase, unfortunately, are long over. Lord Berkeley Paget told Colonel Maxwell that in the ' sixties of last century, before coal came to be the main black asset of Cannock Chase, there were 252 Black gameStudies killed in a single day’s driving, and that on another occasion the bag was 189, while Lord Berkeley Paget himself shot 126 Black game in one day to his own gun.” Mr. B. R. S. Pemberton sends me a list of 83 different species of birds observed by him near Alstoneficld, which is a good average for one locality, seeing that our Staffordshire list including “ stragglers ” is only about 230 species.

Bird Marking. During the year 1921 I ringed 332 birds at Rosehill, Cheadle. Recovered birds during last year include: A Mistle Thrush ringed as a nestling at Harewood Park, Cheadle, on May 20th, 1915, was recovered near the same place in November, 1920, by W. Gibson. StaffordshireE.— GEOLOGY: Chairman, F. B a r k e , F.G.S. June 15th. On arriving at Ludlow on the Long Excursion, the junction of the Old Red Sandstone with the Ludlow Shales, near the station, was noted. Fossils were obtained from the Upper Ludlow Beds on WhitclifE Hill near where the famous fish bone bed is exposed. In the stone quarries on the Titter- stone Clee both the fine and the coarse types of basalt were ex­ amined. A very extensive view opened out from the summit of the hill. Sunday was spent by the geologists of the party in the Oimy valley, along which the Caradoc beds of the Ordovician system outcrop : these were examined in succession. The Onny shales characterized by Phacops caudatus outcropped in the river bed. Higher up the stream good specimens of Trinucleus concert- tricus and Orthis elegantulaSample were collected,County and still further up, beds with Bellerophon were examined. The remaining exposures, seen by the roadside, were as follows:— Acton Scott Beds with Orthis flabellulum, 0 . actonice, Tentaculites anglicus; Chatwell Sandstone with Leptcsna sericea, Orthis alternata, Strophomena grandis; Hamage Shales and Hoar Edge Grits completed the sequence up to the fault bringing up the Longmyndian shales. July 15th. The seam of coal in the Newcastle-under-LymeStudies Series, exposed in the road-cutting at Hanchurch, which had been worked during the recent coal strike, was examined; it runs about ten inches thick and rests on a bed of underclay; the shales above the coal contain indistinguishable plant remains. The chief exposure is on the south side, but it also occurs on the north side, where several openings have been made. These shales have been looked over for fossils, but the only recognizable one, with the exception of some Neuropteris leaves, was a good specimen of N. scheuchzeri, Hoffm. Another outcrop of coal in the same measures was said to exist near Northwood farm on the slope overlooking Hanford; a search was made for it, but owing to overgrowth of vegetation it could not be seen. August 12th. A visit was paid to the marl pit at Weston Sprink to locate the marine band, but without success; parts, 1921-22. GEOEOGY. II7

however, of the pit were not accessible on account of flooding. A specimen of Scaldia minuta was obtained. August 19th. The marl pit belonging to the Brick Staffordshireand Marl Company was examined from the marls, above the Peacock coal in the bottom, to a cannel coal near the surface; the fossils characteristic of the Black Band Group, in which these measures chiefly lie, were recognized. August 24th. Some pits in the Bunter Sandstone ridge at Normacot were examined. In the north west comer of the most northerly pit the rocks are crashed and slickensided by faulting. A small patch of Etruria Marl intrudes at this point. In the most southerly quarry visited a pocket of sandstone, stained to an intense black colour by wad (manganese dioxide) was noted. In a pit near Cophurst farm the red Etruria Marls are overlain by Bunter Sandstone. Across the valley at Eight- wood farm a pit Sampleexposing EtruriaCounty Marls is overlain by Newcastle- under-Eyme Beds. October 8th. A decorticated specimen of a species of Eusi- gillaria about 5' 6" in height was exposed in a quarry of grey Coal Measure Sandstone adjoining a new road which was being excavated at the Avenue, Kidsgrove. In other new roads on the high ground beyond, which the Council are making in connection with their housing scheme, deposits of glacial drift are cut through containing many erratics; a bed of sandStudies averaging about 3 feet in thickness enclosed between two beds of boulder clay was exposed. Mr1 J. T. Stobbs sends me the following extract on Oil Bore­ holes from Summary of Progress of Geol. Survey for £920, pp. 30-1. ' ‘ At Apedale the first borehole was abandoned, I understand, on account of difficulties in connection with the work at a depth of 1350 ft. The second borehole, which was believed to be about the top of the Millstone grit at a depth of 1465 ft. entered igneous rock, and continued in this to a depth of 3450 ft. when it was abandoned.” This remarkable thickness of igneous rock is unique at this horizon in the Midlands, and is worthy of recording in our Transactions. F.—M e t e o r o l o g y : Chairman, G ra ham C. R a w so n , F.R.Met. Soc. Staffordshire

SampleCounty

Studies JOURNAL OF PROCEEDINGS. StaffordshireEXCURSIONS. 1. HANBURY AND TUTBURY. Saturday, April 23rd, 1921.

Leader—Mr. S. A. H. Burne.

The opening fixture of the season attracted about thirty mem­ bers who detrained at Sudbury and walked through Draycott- in-the-Clay on to the plateau whose escarpment forms so dis­ tinctive a feature from the railway line. Here the Swilcar Oak was visited and on the whole came quite up to expectations as a typical forest tree, now somewhat forlorn amid a cultivated area which has been cleared of timber in no half hearted fashion. Thence the leaderSample walked straight to Hanbury where lunch was eaten and afterwards the vicar,County the Rev. Prebendary Waters conducted the party round the church whose most distinctive feature is the series of alabaster tombs and mural tablets com­ memorating the Adderley, Egerton, and Agarde families. The well known Fauld alabaster mines are close to the church. The Early English font has been encased in an alabaster covering of modern and somewhat ornate workmanship though well calculated to demonstrate the decorative possibilities of this material.Studies Hanbury Church stands on perhaps the highest point of the Needwood plateau and one need not suspect the derivation from the A.S. hean (high). When William Yates towards the close of the eighteenth century was making the first accurate survey of the county, he used the tower as one of his observation stations. Before leaving the church a vote of thanks to Mr. and Mrs. Waters for their kind welcome was passed and a very pleasant walk to Tutbury and a visit to the church and castle, together with tea, concluded the day’s programme. The leader described the church with its magnificent Norman work and pointed out that as a monastic church the nave only, which served the parishioners, had survived the Dissolution; the chancel was destroyed, which accounted for the inadequate modem structure. 192 1-22 . EXCURSIONS. 135

Coroner’s Rolls throw vivid light on the every-day life of mediaeval society and, thanks to the Selden Society, the following episode is recovered for Tutbury. A convict escaping from the Staffordshirecastle ran hard for the church in order to gain sanctuary; a warder anticipating he would so act, ran harder and got to the church door first. The same tactical movement occurred in­ dependently to ' ‘ William the Clerk of Tissington ’’ and he also arrived at the door at full speed naturally an object of suspicion to the warder who “ took him for the thief that had escaped and struck him with the sword under the ear on the left jaw ” and William coming to the same conclusion struck back with an axe and killed the warder ; ' ‘ but he lived long enough to enjoy the rites of the church and was buried by Hugh le Weston the Coroner.” The leader quoted T. J. de Mazzinghi’s Sanctuaries as authority for the statementSample that in 1171County there were twenty cases of sanct­ uary in the thinly populated county of Staffordshire and from this it is possible to realize how extensively the privilege was made use of in mediaeval times. It must be remembered of course that the sanctuaries gave no absolute immunity from punishment for the fugitive had to go into voluntary exile as a pauper; as for instance Hugh Scott who ‘ ‘ put himself in the church of Tutbury, confessed himself a robber, and abjured the realm before the Coroner. His chattels are 3/111 forStudies which the Sheriff answers.”

2. BREWOOD, BOSCOBEL, WHITELADIES AND TONG. Thursday, May 28th, 1921. Leader— Mr. J. T. Stobbs. Forty-two members attended this excursion which took place in dull weather though no rain fell. The main body left Stoke by motor char-a-banc and the remainder foregathered at the first stopping place, Brewood which has a handsome Early-English chancel containing four well preserved alabaster table tombs of the Giffard family. Boscobel House and the oak tree which is 110 doubt the successor of that which sheltered Charles II were then visited. A useful account of ‘ ‘ Boscobel House and the Penderels ” will be found 13 6 EXCURSIONS. VOL. LVI.

in the Transactions for 1886. It is interesting to note that the annuity granted at the Restoration to the Penderel family is still paid and is, in part, charged on the Trentham estate. StaffordshireThe party then moved on to Whiteladies, a convent of Cistercian Nuns, distinguished by their white dress from their sisters of the Benedictine rule whose convent a few miles distant is now only represented by a farmhouse and the name, Black- ladies. But the remains at Whiteladies are more extensive and comprise the shell of the church. The convent of course did not survive the Dissolution but the territorial influence of the Giffards seems to have protected the church to some extent audit became a burial ground for Roman Catholics. The Rev. Fr. L. K. Clark of Hawkesyard Prioiy described the place and revealed his interests to be botanical as well as historical by finding Sweet Cecily growing within the ruins. The last point of call was Tong Church where the Vicar, the Rev. F. A. W. Sample Heaton, conductedCounty the party round what has been not altogether unjustly called “ the village Westminster Abbey.” It was rebuilt, about 1411 by Isabel, widow of Sir Fulke Pembrugge. A good account of the tombs and in­ scriptions in the church was contributed to the Transactions of the Shropshire Archaeological Society, vol. 5.O.S. (1882). The char-a-banc then left for Wolverhampton where tea was obtained. At a meeting held afterwards the PresidentStudies stated that the Council had recommended that, in recognition of their long and valuable services to the Club, Messrs. F. Barke, J. R. B. Masefield, and Alex. Scrivener, should be elected Honorary Members and this was unanimously adopted. In the course of a recital of the services of these gentlemen, Mr. Adams commented upon the fact that the two former had written the reports of the Geological and Zoological Sections for 35 and 37 years respect­ ively.

3. LUDLOW AND DISTRICT. Friday, June roih —Tuesday, June 14th, 1921.

Leader— T h e P r e s i d e n t (M r . P. W. L. A d a m s ). Headquarters were at The Feathers Hotel, Ludlow. Owing to the coal strike most of the first day was occupied in travelling EVENING MEETINGS.

1. UTTOXETER. Saturday, November xgth, 1921. StaffordshireIn the absence of the President the chair was taken by the Rev. J. W . Dunne. A resolution of congratulation on the attainment of its Jubilee by the Chester Society of Natural Science, Literature and Art was passed. The following papers were read : 1. ‘ ' Some notes on an old dial ” by Mr. A. T. Daniel (printed supra p. 37). 2. “ Our vanishing wild birds ” by Mr. J. R. B. Masefield. 3. “ A note on the old fortifications of Staffordshire” by Mr. A. Huntbach. 4. “ Uttoxeter parochial records” by Mr. S. A. H. Bume. AboutSample fifty members County were present. 2. STOKE ON-TRENT. Wednesday, December 14th, 1921. The meeting was not particularly well attended and it may be that the December meeting should take place earlier in the month. The following papers were read : x. “ A pioneer of the antiquity of man in the days of George iv. ” by the Rev. Fr. L. K. Clark. Studies 2. ‘ ‘ The present status of the Staffordshire Bombi and Psithyri ” by Mr. B. Bryan (printed supra p. 39). After the papers Mr. J. R. B. Masefield mentioned the practice which obtained at the meetings of a leading scientific society of which he was a member, of members bringing specimens and items of special interest before the meeting and suggested that the Club would do well to encourage this practice and invite discussion before the official programme began.

3. STOKE-ON-TRENT. Friday, January 20th, 1922. Mr. J. R. B. Masefield proposed a vote of condolence with the relatives of the late Bishop of Dunedin, N.Z. who as the Rev. 1921-22. EVENING MEETIYGS. 143

S. T. Nevill, rector of Shelton, was an original member of the Club, its first Treasurer and an Honorary Member since 1872. This was seconded by Mr. I'. Barke and carried in silence. StaffordshireThe President (Mr. P. W . L. Adams) then proposed the follow­ ing resolution: ‘ ‘ That this meeting of the North Staffordshire Field Club wishes to place on record its sense of the great loss sustained in the death of Mr. Alex. Scrivener, whose services to the Club as an archaeologist, over a period of nearly half a century are remembered with grateful appreciation.” The Honorary Secretary read a communication from the Staffordshire County Council to the effect that it was unable to make itself responsible for the preservation of the ruins at Wall (the Roman station of Letocctum). There were two papers: 1. “ The Coaching Age in Staffordshire " by Mr. S. A. H. Bume (printed supra p. 49). 2. “ MoorlandSample Bird MigrationCounty ” by Mr. T. Smith, (printed supra p. 75). On exhibition were a really fine series of photographs illus­ trating the Regional Survey work carried out by members of the Club under the direction of Mr. W. J. B. Blake, and a collection of framed county maps, sixteen in number, ranging in date be­ tween 1610 and 1832. There were also some county atlases and roadbooks on view which served to illustrate Studies Mr. Burne’s paper.

4. STOKE-ON-TRENT. Wednesday, February 22nd, 1922. Three papers were read all illustrated by lantern slides : 1. ‘ ‘ Birds breeding in the Stone area ” by Mr. P. C. Dutton (printed supra p. 86). 2. ‘ ‘ Ecclesiastical Architecture— Decorated period ’’ by Mr. S. A. Cutlack. 3. “ More erratics from Coal-seams” by Mr. J. T. Stobbs (printed supra p. 97). Mr. T. Smith exhibited a Brent Goose which had been shot that month in the Chumet valley. 144 EVENING MEETINGS. VOL. LVI.

ANNUAL MEETING. 5. STOKE-ON-TRENT. Friday, March 24th, 1922. StaffordshireThe President took the chair at 6.45 p.m. The report of the Council and that of the Treasurer having been read were duly adopted. The Officers were re-elected with Mr. J. H. Beckett succeeding Mr. A. Scrivener as Chairman of the Archaeological Section and Mr. W. Campbell taking Mr. Beckett’s place in the Sketching Section. In place of those members of the Council retiring in rotation there were elected Messrs. G. Bloore, S. A. Cutlack, H. W. Daltry, H. M. Fraser. The retiring President then gave an address on “ Parish Registers ” (printed supra p. ) which was listened to with much appreciation, at the conclusion of which he vacated the chair in favour of Mr. A. T. Daniel who proposed a vote of thanks to Mr. Adams for his Sampleservices during the past year. The vote was sup­ ported by other members and Countyreference was made to Mr. Adams’ valuable labours as secretary of the Staffordshire Parish Register Society which is attempting to transcribe and print the old parochial registers. Mr. Adams in acknowledging the vote stated that very shortly after the Rowley Regis register, be­ ginning in 1539, had been transcribed and printed a disastrous fire occurred in the church with the result that the original was so damaged as to be useless for reference. Studies There were exhibited some regional survey photographs, a copy of an old map of in 1740 (lent by Messrs. Lynam and Bloore) with a note as follows: ' ‘ The Rev. Mr. Keen, Minister. An old woman brought the post every Sunday from Newcastle,” and a kingfisher killed by a boy at Oakamoor who was in consequence fined 17/6 under the Wild Birds Protection Acts. Mr. J. R. B. Masefield recovered the specimen for the Natural History Museum. In the course of the evening it was announced that the former practice of posting particulars of each excursion to members would be in part resumed but the circulars printed would be limited to one hundred and would be sent only to those members who applied in writing before May 1st. StaffordshireAPPENDIX.

SampleCounty THE NORTH STAFFORDSHIRE FLORA.

BY

W. T. Boydon R idge, B.Sc. Studies

(To be continued.) THE NORTH STAFFORDSHIRE FLORA.

StaffordshireINTRODUCTION. R. Gamer’s Natural History of the County of Stafford, published in 1844 and with Supplement, i860, contained the first complete flora of the cou nty; in iqoi, J. E. Bagnall published a Flora of Staffordshire comprising the lesult of Gamer’s work together with that of other workers, including his own. The present work is confined to the flora of the north of the county and is an attempt to bring up-to-date the records of the distribution of flowering plants and ferns in this particular area, north of Stafford. I have given for all but the commonest species every published record to which I have had access, and wherever I have seen specimens growingSample in the localitiesCounty given in such records the symbol f has been affixed. On the other hand, wherever a locality is mentioned without a reference I have seen specimens of the particular plant growing there. No attempt has been made to give all the synonyms of each species, but only those used by other workers on Staffordshire botany. English names have also been appended for those desirous of having the local names used in North Staffordshire. I have not classified the localities because I considerStudies that the only classification of any real value would be one based upon the nature of the soil, and at present the necessary information for such a classification is not available. On the vexed question of '' aliens ” I have adopted the attitude of S.T. Dunn in his Alien Flora ; any plant which does not occur in a natural habitat has been described as alien, as well as those which may'' occur in natural habitats but which are known to have been introduced by artificial means. From a botanical point of view North Staffordshire presents many exceedingly interesting features. Geographically it is a little to the north-west of the centre of the country, and as a natural consequence it possesses plants typical both of the northern and southern portions of our island, although not in the proportion we should be led to expect from the sole consideration 2 introduction .

of its situation. H. C. Watson, in his Compendium of the Cybele Britannica, has arranged British plants in definite groups or “ Types of Distribution.” Of those which he recognizes as Staffordshiresouthern we have about three-fifths in North Staffordshire, while of those which are typical of the north of England we can only claim about one half. If the question of distance only were to be taken into account we ought to have a greater percentage of the northern than of the southern type. The discrepancy is due to the fact that North Staffordshire possesses a more genial climate than it would if latitude were the dominating factor; the Pennine Range shields us to some extent from the cold north and eastw'inds and at the same time increases our rainfall. The varied physical configuration and the geological structure enable the district to become the home of plants partial to special habitats. Within the boundaries of our district are to be found splendid examples of sub-alpine, upland, lowland, heather- moor, woodland,Sample river valley andCounty marsh areas, each with its own peculiar flora. Tn addition, due to the varied industrial enter­ prises, we possess many distinct types of waste ground and refuse heaps, each marked by special forms of plant life. My thanks are due and are gratefully given to the many members of the North Staffordshire Field Club who have supplied me with information regarding the habitats of certain plants, the records of which may be found in the various annualStudies repoits of the Botanical section, printed in the Club's Transactions. The number of such helpers precludes any detailed mention of them all, but chief among them are Mr. J. A. Audley, B.Sc., Mr. S. A. Bennett, II.A., B.Sc., Miss £. M. Blake, BE.A., Mr H. Daltry, the Rev. E. Deacon, B.A., and Mr. J. R. B. Masefield, M.A. I should also like to record my indebtedness to Mr. G. Claridge Druce, LED., M.A., who has given me valuable assistance in the naming of critical species. Complete references to the works consulted and to the former workers in the North Staffordshire flora will be given at the end of the final section. References, the volume numbers of which are in heavy type, are, without exception, to the Transactions and (or) Annual Reports of the North Staffordshire Field Club; in most cases the name of the authority is prefixed to the reference. 20 P0RTULACEH3— HYPERICACE/E

PORTULACEAE.

CI/AYTONTA SIBIRICA, E. (C. AESINOIDES, Sm.) c l a y -

t o n i a . Alien. StaffordshireBank at Penktiull (Garner, 355); Knypersleyf and Greenway Banksf (Painter, 1 2 , 114, 1888); Maer,f Hanckurchf and Beech t (4 5 , 110, 1911); Bucknall. C. PERFOEIATA, Donn. Alien. Stableford (4 2 , 88, 1908); Caversvvall.

MONTIA FONTANA, E. w a t e r b l i n k s . Common in wet places, near ditches, ponds and streams, HYPERICACEAE.

HYPERICUM ANDROSzEMUM, E . t u t s a n . Denstone (Edwards, 1 1 , 51, 1877) ; Needwood Forest (Shaw, ii, 7); Eeycett (Garner, 396). I have not seen it at any of these places.SampleCounty H. PERFORATUM, E. ST. joi-in’s w o rt. Not uncommon in hedgebanks. H. MACUEATUM, Crantz. (H. QUADRANGUEUM, Fries., H. DUBIUM, Eeers). m arsh st. joi-in’s w ort. Anglesey Coppice, near Chartley (Bagnall, 73); Denstone (Edwards, 1 1 , 51,1877). H. QUADRANGUEUM, E- (H. TETRAPTERUM,Studies Fries., H. QUADRATUM, Stokes), m arsh st. john’s w ort. Frequent in damp places. Hilderstone ; Biddulph ; Kny­ persley ; Denstone; Consall; A shley; Whitmore; Moddershall.

H. ITUMIFUSUM, E- c r e e p i n g s t . j o h n ’ s w o r t . Frequent. Macr; Biddulph; Ramsor; Eask Edge; Weaver Hills; Stanton.

H. PUECHRUM, E. heath st. john’s w ort. Frequent in heathy places. Hilderstone ; Glutton Dale; .Stafford ; Biddulph ; Denstone; W illowbiidge; Wetley Moor.

H. HIRSUTUM, E. h a i r y s t . j o h n ’ s w o r t . Frequent on calcareous soils. Tutbury (Shaw in Bagnall, 13); Rocesterf (Fraser in Bagnall, 13); .Stafford (Moore, 3 1 , 78, 1897) ; Hilderstone (Barns, 4 6 , 117, 1912); Denstone (Edwards, 1 1 , 51, 1877); Ilam ; Manyfold valley.