Snowbound File Format Descriptions
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Digital Still Camera Image File Format Standard
Digital Still Camera Image File Format Standard (Exchangeable image file format for Digital Still Cameras: Exif) Version 2.1 June 12, 1998 Japan Electronic Industry Development Association (JEIDA) This standard makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the use of any intellectual property, such as patents, copyrights and trademarks, belonging to any corporation or individual. Nor does this standard make any warranty regarding system reliability or product liability. Windows™ is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and elsewhere. FlashPix™ is a registered trademark of Eastman Kodak Company. Revision History This "Digital Still Camera Image File Format Standard" is issued as a standard for the image file format (Exif: Exchangeable image file format) used in digital still cameras and related systems. It was first published in October 1996 as Version 1.0i. Then in May 1997, Version 1.1ii was issued, adding specifications for optional attribute information as well as stipulations relating to format implementation, in addition to the mandatory specifications of Version 1.0. The desire for a uniform file format standard for the image data stored by digital still cameras has increased as these cameras have grown in popularity. At the same time, with the broadening application of this technology, a similar desire has arisen for uniformity of the attribute information that can be recorded in a file. The Version 2.0iii makes improvements to the Exif format for greater ease of use, while allowing for backward compatibility with products of manufacturers currently implementing Exif Version 1.x or considering its future implementation. -
Binary Image Compression Using Neighborhood Coding
BINARY IMAGE COMPRESSION USING NEIGHBORHOOD CODING Tiago B. A. de Carvalho1, Tsang Ing Ren1, George D.C. Cavalcanti1, Tsang Ing Jyh2 1Center of Informatics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil. 2Alcatel-Lucent, Bell Labs, Belgium E-mail: 1{tbac,tir,gdcc}@cin.ufpe.br, [email protected] ABSTRACT Bitmap image format requires a reasonable great amount of computer memory, since for each pixel it is necessary a Compression plays an important role in the storage and set of bits to represent it, and a relatively small image can transmission of digital image. Binary image compression is contain millions of pixels. Even a binary image that uses just of essential value for document imaging. Here, we propose a a bit per pixel can demand a large amount of disk space. novel compression technique based on the concept of There are dozens of bitmap image formats that use neighborhood coding, which codes each pixel of an image compression techniques, e.g., TIFF, GIF, PNG, JBIG and according to the number of neighbor pixels in different JPEG. The TIFF format can also use different types of directions. The proposed technique is a lossless compression compression methods such as CCITT Group 3 or Group 4. scheme, which also uses run-length encoding (RLE) and We propose a novel lossless binary image compression Huffman coding. We evaluated and compared this method to technique based on neighborhood coding scheme described several image file format, using test images taken from the in [2]. The codification starts by transforming each pixel of MPEG-7 core experiment CE-shape and the binary image the image into a vector. -
PDF Image JBIG2 Compression and Decompression with JBIG2 Encoding and Decoding SDK Library | 1
PDF image JBIG2 compression and decompression with JBIG2 encoding and decoding SDK library | 1 JBIG2 is an image compression standard for bi-level images developed by the Joint bi-level Image Expert Group. It is suitable for lossless compression and lossy compression. According to the group’s press release, in its lossless mode, JBIG2 usually generates files that are one- third to one-fifth the size of the fax group 4 and twice the size of JBIG, which was previously released by the group. The double-layer compression standard. JBIG2 was released as an international standard ITU in 2000. JBIG2 compression JBIG2 is an international standard for bi-level image compression. By segmenting the image into overlapping and/or non-overlapping areas of text, halftones and general content, compression techniques optimized for each content type are used: *Text area: The text area is composed of characters that are well suited for symbol-based encoding methods. Usually, each symbol will correspond to a character bitmap, and a sub-image represents a character or text. For each uppercase and lowercase character used on the front face, there is usually only one character bitmap (or sub-image) in the symbol dictionary. For example, the dictionary will have an “a” bitmap, an “A” bitmap, a “b” bitmap, and so on. VeryUtils.com PDF image JBIG2 compression and decompression with JBIG2 encoding and decoding SDK library | 1 PDF image JBIG2 compression and decompression with JBIG2 encoding and decoding SDK library | 2 *Halftone area: Halftone areas are similar to text areas because they consist of patterns arranged in a regular grid. -
File Format Guidelines for Management and Long-Term Retention of Electronic Records
FILE FORMAT GUIDELINES FOR MANAGEMENT AND LONG-TERM RETENTION OF ELECTRONIC RECORDS 9/10/2012 State Archives of North Carolina File Format Guidelines for Management and Long-Term Retention of Electronic records Table of Contents 1. GUIDELINES AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................................. 3 2. DESCRIPTION OF FORMATS RECOMMENDED FOR LONG-TERM RETENTION ......................... 7 2.1 Word Processing Documents ...................................................................................................................... 7 2.1.1 PDF/A-1a (.pdf) (ISO 19005-1 compliant PDF/A) ........................................................................ 7 2.1.2 OpenDocument Text (.odt) ................................................................................................................... 3 2.1.3 Special Note on Google Docs™ .......................................................................................................... 4 2.2 Plain Text Documents ................................................................................................................................... 5 2.2.1 Plain Text (.txt) US-ASCII or UTF-8 encoding ................................................................................... 6 2.2.2 Comma-separated file (.csv) US-ASCII or UTF-8 encoding ........................................................... 7 2.2.3 Tab-delimited file (.txt) US-ASCII or UTF-8 encoding .................................................................... 8 2.3 -
HP Scanjet 200 Flatbed Photo Scanner
HP Scanjet 200 Flatbed Photo Scanner The HP Scanjet 200 Flatbed Photo Scanner is ideal for home and business users who want a compact, easy-to-use scanner to scan photos and documents at high resolution and capture, store and share images quickly. Experience high-quality photo and Save space: this compact scanner fits document scanning. almost anywhere you need it. ● Scan important photos and get precise results. ● Set up and work where you want—this compact, Capture crisp image detail at up to 2400 x 4800 dpi landscape-oriented scanner can fit almost anywhere in resolution, 48-bit colour1. your home or office. ● Enjoy fast, convenient scanning of photos and images ● Scan books, magazines, and bound materials with ease, to Internet sharing sites using the scanner's floating-hinged lid for high clearance. ● Scan important paperwork, photos, and everyday documents into easy-to-access digital files. ● Eliminate the need for a power cable – this USB-powered scanner saves energy by plugging directly ● Finish jobs faster – scan a 10 x 15 cm (4 x 6-inch) into your PC2. photo in as fast as 21 seconds at 200-dpi resolution1 . Start working fast with easy-to-use functions and quick setup. ● Create the prints you need: use the ArcSoft PhotoStudio 6 photo-editing software included to easily edit, search, and organise images for printing in multiple sizes. ● Save time with convenient one-touch scanning capabilities. Capture and send images directly to email or PDF – and print or copy images with just a touch. ● Get to work quickly with an intuitive interface with easy-to-use controls. -
Neevia Document Converter Pro User Manual
Title NEEVIA Document Converter Professional Edition user’s guide version 7.2 Neevia Document Converter Pro v7.2 user’s guide © Copyright © 2000-2021, Neevia Technology. Page 1 of 76 Table of Contents Title ................................................................................................................................................................. 1 Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................................... 2 License ............................................................................................................................................................ 4 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 8 System Requirements ................................................................................................................................. 8 Installing and Uninstalling Document Converter Pro ................................................................................... 9 Unattended installation .............................................................................................................................. 9 Unattended uninstall ................................................................................................................................. 10 Registering Neevia Document Converter Pro .......................................................................................... -
R-Photo User's Manual
User's Manual © R-Tools Technology Inc 2020. All rights reserved. www.r-tt.com © R-tools Technology Inc 2020. All rights reserved. No part of this User's Manual may be copied, altered, or transferred to, any other media without written, explicit consent from R-tools Technology Inc.. All brand or product names appearing herein are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. R-tools Technology Inc. has developed this User's Manual to the best of its knowledge, but does not guarantee that the program will fulfill all the desires of the user. No warranty is made in regard to specifications or features. R-tools Technology Inc. retains the right to make alterations to the content of this Manual without the obligation to inform third parties. Contents I Table of Contents I Start 1 II Quick Start Guide in 3 Steps 1 1 Step 1. Di.s..k.. .S..e..l.e..c..t.i.o..n.. .............................................................................................................. 1 2 Step 2. Fi.l.e..s.. .M..a..r..k.i.n..g.. ................................................................................................................ 4 3 Step 3. Re..c..o..v..e..r.y.. ...................................................................................................................... 6 III Features 9 1 File Sorti.n..g.. .............................................................................................................................. 9 2 File Sea.r.c..h.. ............................................................................................................................ -
Design of Digital Cameras Which Pursues Essence of "Camera"
IS&T's 1998 PICS Conference IS&T's 1998 PICS Conference Copyright 1998, IS&T Design of Digital Cameras which Pursues Essence of "Camera" Tsuneaki Kadosawa / Yukichi Niwa Imaging Business Group, Canon Inc. Tokyo, Japan Overview film camera when producing postcard-sized prints) Reviewing a digital camera from the viewpoint of - Highly portable (i.e., that its exterior be completely the "tool of taking picture", Canon developed a flat and that it be small enough to fit into a shirt new camera "PowerShotA5" which has comparable pocket) operability and portability to a conventional camera. And it - Ease of use (i.e., that it be able to be used in the same also achieved in the quality of picture, that can be rivaled to way as an ordinary film camera and that users be conventional film photo at post card size print. able to take successive pictures at sufficiently short intervals) Introduction - Compatibility (i.e., that it be able to be connected to other multimedia devices and that it be compatible The ease with which digital cameras may be used together in with a wide range of PCs and other cameras) conjunction with PCs and communications networks and the greater range of freedom they provide in terms of image size Development of the PowerShot A5 and the taking of pictures when compared to camcorders or conventional film cameras have made these devices one of - Photo quality the central tools driving the multimedia revolution and have contributed to a rapid rise in demand for digital cameras. When one considers Yet the VGA digital cameras which served as the driving the picture quality force behind the increasing popularity of these devices have provided by ordinary limitations in that the largest true photo-quality print size is silver halide film, one only about the size of an ordinary business card, thus sees that in order to making them poorly suited for regular use as a full-function provide the same level Fig. -
Digital Compression and Coding of Continuous-Tone Still Images
This preview is downloaded from www.sis.se. Buy the entire standard via https://www.sis.se/std-916183 INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC STANDARD 10918-4 First edition 1999-08-15 AMENDMENT 1 2013-05-01 Information technology — Digital compression and coding of continuous- tone still images: Registration of JPEG profiles, SPIFF profiles, SPIFF tags, SPIFF colour spaces, APPn markers, SPIFF compression types and Registration Authorities (REGAUT) AMENDMENT 1: Application specific marker list Technologies de l'information — Compression numérique et codage des images fixes de nature photographique: Enregistrement des profils JPEG, profils SPIFF, «SPIFF tags», espaces de couleur SPIFF, marqueurs APPn, types de compression SPIFF et autorités d'enregistrement (REGAUT) AMENDEMENT 1: Liste de marqueurs pour application spécifique Reference number ISO/IEC 10918-4:1999/Amd.1:2013(E) © ISO/IEC 2013 This preview is downloaded from www.sis.se. Buy the entire standard via https://www.sis.se/std-916183 ISO/IEC 10918-4:1999/Amd.1:2013(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT © ISO/IEC 2013 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail [email protected] Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii © ISO/IEC 2013 – All rights reserved This preview is downloaded from www.sis.se. -
Scape D10.1 Keeps V1.0
Identification and selection of large‐scale migration tools and services Authors Rui Castro, Luís Faria (KEEP Solutions), Christoph Becker, Markus Hamm (Vienna University of Technology) June 2011 This work was partially supported by the SCAPE Project. The SCAPE project is co-funded by the European Union under FP7 ICT-2009.4.1 (Grant Agreement number 270137). This work is licensed under a CC-BY-SA International License Table of Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Scope of this document 1 2 Related work 2 2.1 Preservation action tools 3 2.1.1 PLANETS 3 2.1.2 RODA 5 2.1.3 CRiB 6 2.2 Software quality models 6 2.2.1 ISO standard 25010 7 2.2.2 Decision criteria in digital preservation 7 3 Criteria for evaluating action tools 9 3.1 Functional suitability 10 3.2 Performance efficiency 11 3.3 Compatibility 11 3.4 Usability 11 3.5 Reliability 12 3.6 Security 12 3.7 Maintainability 13 3.8 Portability 13 4 Methodology 14 4.1 Analysis of requirements 14 4.2 Definition of the evaluation framework 14 4.3 Identification, evaluation and selection of action tools 14 5 Analysis of requirements 15 5.1 Requirements for the SCAPE platform 16 5.2 Requirements of the testbed scenarios 16 5.2.1 Scenario 1: Normalize document formats contained in the web archive 16 5.2.2 Scenario 2: Deep characterisation of huge media files 17 v 5.2.3 Scenario 3: Migrate digitised TIFFs to JPEG2000 17 5.2.4 Scenario 4: Migrate archive to new archiving system? 17 5.2.5 Scenario 5: RAW to NEXUS migration 18 6 Evaluation framework 18 6.1 Suitability for testbeds 19 6.2 Suitability for platform 19 6.3 Technical instalability 20 6.4 Legal constrains 20 6.5 Summary 20 7 Results 21 7.1 Identification of candidate tools 21 7.2 Evaluation and selection of tools 22 8 Conclusions 24 9 References 25 10 Appendix 28 10.1 List of identified action tools 28 vi 1 Introduction A preservation action is a concrete action, usually implemented by a software tool, that is performed on digital content in order to achieve some preservation goal. -
DICOM Compression 2002
The Medicine Behind the Image DDIICCOOMM CCoommpprreessssiioonn 22000022 David Clunie Director of Technical Operations Princeton Radiology Pharmaceutical Research The Medicine SScchheemmeess SSuuppppoorrtteedd Behind the Image • RLE • JPEG - lossless and lossy • JPEG-LS - more efficient, fast lossless • JPEG 2000 - progressive, ROI encoding • Deflate (zip/gzip) - for non-image objects The Medicine IInn pprraaccttiiccee mmoossttllyy …… Behind the Image • Lossless JPEG for cardiac angio – multi-frame 512x512x8, 1024x1024x10 – CD-R and on network • Lossless JPEG for CT/MR – mostly on MOD media rather than over network – 256x256 to 1024x1024, 12-16 bits • RLE/lossless/lossy JPEG for Ultrasound – 640x480 single and multiframe 8 bits gray/RGB, text The Medicine BBuutt …… Behind the Image • JPEG lossless not the most effective • JPEG lossy limited to 12 bits unsigned • Undesirable JPEG blockiness • Perception that wavelets are better • Need for better progressive encoding • Need for region-of-interest encoding The Medicine JJPPEEGG LLoosssslleessss Behind the Image • Reasonable predictive scheme – Most often only previous pixel predictor used (SV1), which is not always the best choice • No run-length mode – No way to take advantage of large background areas • Huffman entropy coder – Slow (multi-pass) The Medicine LLoosssslleessss CCoommpprreessssiioonn Behind the Image CALIC Arithmetic 3.91 JPEG2000 VM4 5x3 3.81 JPEG-LS MINE 3.81 JPEG2000 VM4 3.66 2x10 S+P Arithmetic 3.4 JPEG-LS MINE - NO 3.31 Byte All RUN NASA szip 3.09 JPEG best 3.04 JPEG SV -
Zajy\CZKOWSKI Grzegorz, JAROSZ Bartosz
OVERVIEW OF IMAGE FORMATS SUITABLE FOR PRESENTATION OF ART ON THE WWW ZAJy\CZKOWSKI Grzegorz, JAROSZ Bartosz, WOJCIECHOWSKI Konrad, SMOtKA Bogdan, Silesian Technical University of Gliwice Department of Computer Science Akademicka 16, 44-101 Gliwice Email: bsmolka(a).peach.ia.oolsl. qliwice.pl NAtECKAAnna, MAtECKA Agnieszka SYNOWIEC Pawet, KROL Bogdan School of Arts Katowice An important aspect of image processing is the enormous amount of data which has to be handled when transmitting digital images. The efficient transmission of images is extremally important as the image data transfer takes up over 90 percent of the volume on the Internet. In this aspect computer data compression is a powerfull technology which is playing a vital role in the Information Age. The compression of information can be devided into lossles and lossy techniques. In some cases such as text or financial data transfer only the losless algoritms can be applied. However when transmitting or storing digital images or music data, the application of losssy techniques is aimost invisible to the user, but enables a drastic reduction of the data volume. In this article we present some of the compression techniques which can be used when transmitting or storing digital images. All the formats we were able to gather are accompanied by a short description and an Internet link, which can be used when detailed information is needed. Our intention is to find the optimal compression format for presenting artistic images over the Internet. The first step of our project is the cataloging of the existing formats and evaluating their efficiency when transmitting data containing artistic features.