Environment of Pennsylvania - Wikipedia

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Environment of Pennsylvania

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Main page Contents Pennsylvania is a northeastern commonwealth located in the United Featured content States of America. It was one of the 13 original colonies. Pennsylvania is Current events home to a population of 12,802,503 individuals and various different Random article types of environments.[1] Pennsylvania is known for its many hills, Donate to Wikipedia plateaus, mountains and valleys. In fact, Pennsylvania is 50 percent Wikipedia store Pennsylvania forest land with the only lowlands located in the southeast.[2]

Interaction Contents [hide] Help 1 Mountains About Wikipedia 2 Rivers Community portal Recent changes 3 Landfills in Pennsylvania Contact page 4 Recycling in Pennsylvania 5 EcoTourism in Pennsylvania Tools 6 References What links here Related changes Upload file Mountains [edit] Special pages Pennsylvania has many different mountain ranges with the Permanent link [3] Page information highest point being at 3,213 feet on Mt. Davis. The main Wikidata item mountain ranges include the Appalachian, Allegheny and Cite this page Pocono Mountains.[4] The Appalachian Mountain Range runs throughout Pennsylvania and seventeen other states, Print/export creating the largest mountain range in Pennsylvania. The Create a book Allegheny Mountain Range connects to the Appalachian Download as PDF Mountains in west and central Pennsylvania. The Pocono Printable version Blue Knob Mountain in the Quaker Mountain Range runs throughout northeastern Valley of Pennsylvania Languages Pennsylvania. The Allegheny and Pocono mountains are the Add links two largest subranges in Pennsylvania. Other mountain ranges in Pennsylvania include the Bear Pond Mountains, the Blue Ridge Mountains, the Conewago Mountains, Music Mountains, Town Hill Mountain Range, and the Endless Mountains.[5] To find a full list of mountains in Pennsylvania look at Category:Mountain ranges of Pennsylvania.

Rivers [edit]

Pennsylvania also has more significant waterways than any other US state.[6] In fact, Pennsylvania has more than 83,000 miles of rivers, creeks, and streams.[7] The main waterways are the Delaware River, Allegheny River, Ohio

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River, Monongahela River and the Susquehanna River. Susquehanna River Every Pennsylvania river is categorized into five classifications by the Pennsylvania Scenic Rivers.[8] The classifications are wild, scenic, pastoral, recreational, or modified recreational. Any individual river can have more than one classification, but they all have at least one. For a full list of river go to List of rivers of Pennsylvania.

Landfills in Pennsylvania [edit]

Pennsylvania also has a vast amount of landfills. In total, Pennsylvania has 45 municipal waste landfills, 3 construction/demolition waste landfills, 4 residual waste landfills, and 6 resource recovery/waste to energy landfills.[9] Below is a table of the 45 municipal landfills and their daily volume of trash entering the landfills daily.[10] These landfills are not only holding the trash of the citizens of Pennsylvania, but they also hold the trash of other states. Pennsylvania is one of the main states that imports waste. Much of Pennsylvania's waste comes from neighboring states such as New Jersey and New York.[11] In fact, Pennsylvania has more trash per person at 34.5 tons of trash per person than every other sate except Nevada in 2016. However, this process of importing waste is very lucrative for the Pennsylvania counties by providing labor market opportunities and helps increase the municipality's budgets by fees paid by these exporting states.[12] For example, Throop, Pennsylvania $6 million budget is made up of $4 million from the host feels paid from importing other state's waste.[13]

Daily Volume Landfill Name County (tons)

Fairless Landfill Bucks adv: 18,333 GROWS North Landfill Bucks mdv: 20,000 Tullytown Landfill Bucks adv: 375 SECCRA Landfill Chester mdv: 700

adv: 1,375 IESI Bethlehem Landfill North Hampton mdv: 1,800

adv: 4,750 Commonwealth Environmental Systems Schuylkill mdv: 5,000

adv: 1,500 Chrin Brothers Sanitary Landfill Northhampton mdv: 2,000

adv: 3,000

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Alliance Landfill Lackawanna mdv: 5,500

adv: 2,750 Grand Central Landfill Northampton mdv: 3,000

adv: 7,250 Keystone Sanitary Landfill Lackawanna mdv: 7,500

adv: 750 Advanced Disposal Services Sandy Run Landfill Bedford mdv: 1,000

adv: 5,210 Conestoga Landfill Berks mdv: 10,000

adv: 3,200 Rolling Hills Landfill Berks mdv: 3,840

adv: 2,500 Cumberland County Landfill Cumberland mdv: 2,950

adv: 1,500 LCSWMA Frey Farm Landfill Lancaster mdv: 2,000

adv: 520 Greater Lebanon Refuse Authority Landfill Lebanon mdv: 1,100

adv: 1,650 Lanchester Landfill Lancaster mdv: 1,850

adv: 4,667 Modern Landfill York mdv: 5,000

adv: 1,800 Mountain View Reclamation Franklin mdv: 2,000

adv: 1,000 Pioneer Crossing Berks mdv: 1,600

adv: 1,700 IESI Blue Ridge Landfill Franklin mdv: 2,000

adv: 1,000 Western Berks Landfill Berks mdv: 1,250

adv: 500 Bradford County Landfill Bradford mdv: 750

adv: 1,200

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Wayne Township Landfill Clinton mdv: 1,500

adv: 1,600 Lycoming County Landfill Lycoming mdv: 2,000

adv: 2,400 Arden Landfill Washington adv: 2,800

adv: 1,200 Chestnut Valley Landfill Fayette mdv: 1,500

adv: 2,500 Greenridge Reclamation Westmoreland mdv: 2,500

adv: 3,100 Imperial Landfill Allegheny mdv: 4,666

adv: 425 J.J. Brunner, Inc. Landfill Beaver mdv: 525

adv: 1,250 Kelly Run Sanitation Allegheny mdv: 1,750

adv: 2,000 Laurel HIghland Landfill Cambria mdv: 2,500

adv: 2,280 South Hills Landfill Washington mdv: 2,850

adv:1,800 Monroevill Landfill Allegheny mdv: 2,200

adv: 2,000 Mostoller Landfill Somerset mdv: 2,400

adv: 1,000 Evergreen Landfill Indiana mdv: 1,500

adv: 2,900 Shade Landfill Somerset mdv: 3,500

adv: 2,900 Tervita Sanitary Landfill Westmoreland mdv: 3,500

adv: 2,200 Southern Alleghenies Somerset mdv: 3,300

adv: 2,600

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Valley Landfill Westmoreland mdv: 4,000

adv: 5,500 Greentree Landfill Elk mdv: 6,000

adv: 4,600 Lake View Landfill Erie mdv: 5,000

adv: 6,000 McKean County Landfill McKean mdv: 6,000

adv: 2,500 Northwest Sanitary Landfill Butler mdv: 2,500

adv: 3,000 Seneca Landfill Butler mdv: 3,000

Recycling in Pennsylvania [edit]

One way to reduce the amount of waste going to the Pennsylvania landfills is to have a recycling campaign. Recycling statewide began with the instatement of the Municipal Waste Planning Recycling and Waste Reduction Act, also known as Act 101 in July 1988.[14] Act 101 at this time had four major goals:[15]

1. Recycle 25 percent of PA's solid waste stream by January 1997 2. Reduce waste going to landfills 3. Increase the use of products that are recyclable or made from recycled material 4. Educate each person in the commonwealth as to the value of recycling and waste reduction

These plans were going to be implemented throughout several phases within each municipality over the following years. A county's responsibilities were to manage the municipalities recycling efforts. In efforts to manage the municipalities the county would have to have a solid waste plan in place by March 1991, which would be revised every 3 years, and to submit annual reports to the state based on the efforts of each municipality's recycling efforts.[16] These annual reports would then be combined to create a statewide report of its recycling efforts and the benefits gained by doing so.[17] This act was funded by the Recycling Fund which created a $2-per-ton fee on all waste entering the landfills known as the recycling fee.[18] In addition to the Recycling Fund they also received other grants such as the household hazardous Waste Collection and Disposal Grants, Host Municipality Inspector Grants, and Independent Permit Application Review Grants.[19]

Act 101 in its essence is still in place today for all municipalities and has only been revised twice to help strengthen and grow the program.[20] The most recent change to Act 101 happened in May 2010 which is the extension of the collection of the recycling fee of $2-per-ton to 2020. Other

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changes to Act 101 are Act 140 which established requirement for the spending of grants over 10,000 given to communities by Act 101.[21] Act 140 also gave municipalities requirements such as:

"All residents must be required by ordinance to have waste and recycling services Must have an implemented residential curbside recycling program Must facilitate a commercial recycling program Must provide semi-annual residential and commercial recycling education Enforcement program Special Materials Program- for the collection of special waste such as tires, white goods, HHW, etc. Must have provision for or participate in county, multi-municipal, or private sector collection efforts Anti-Littering Program-through practice and/or education; sponsor, facilitate, or support programs that address anti-littering and illegal dumping Recycling Coordinator-just have a designated person or entity responsible for recycling data collection and reporting"[22]

The most recent results of these acts are as followed:

In 2014, Pennsylvania recycled over 16.84 million tons of resources with benefits of having 15.88 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions removed from the air.[23] In 2013, Pennsylvania recycled over 6.12 million tons of resources with benefits of having 7.5 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions from the air.[24] In 2012, Pennsylvania recycled over 8.5 million tons of resources.[25]

EcoTourism in Pennsylvania [edit]

Pennsylvania's beautiful landscapes can be seen through its many national parks. In fact, Pennsylvania has 19 National Parks throughout the state. However, Pennsylvania has an additional 9 park sites that are either affiliated or managed by the National Park Service.[26] This allows for a number of different avenues to bring in revenue throughout the parks within Pennsylvania that receive 9,935,361 individuals visiting them each year. These visitors create an overall economic benefit of $453,100,000 from tourism at these sites.[27] This economic benefit can be the result of entrance fees, food purchases, and souveniors. Below is a table of the 19 National State Parks in Pennsylvania and their yearly operation costs and personal costs from the 2017 fiscal year. These operating costs are what are deducted from the parks revenue to find the total profit of each park. These operations costs include things such as maintenance of the parks and wages for park workers. The yearly personal costs are the costs of entrance for the parks. In addition, the table includes the yearly visitation of the parks to show the number of visitors that went through during the 2014 year. To begin to see a portion of the revenue made by these parks is the revenue made by entrance fees. To find this portion of the revenue, multiply the yearly visitation and the yearly personal costs. This will result in only one small portion of the yearly revenue that these parks produce.

Yearly Yearly National State Location in Operation Yearly Personal Parks in PA PA Costs Visitation[29] Costs[30] (Hundreds)[28] Allegheny

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Portage Railroad Gallitzin, PA 2,115 148,280 Free to Public National Historic Site Appalachian Pen Mar, PA National Scenic to Delaware 1,586 N/A Free to Public Trail(Appalachian Water Gap Trail) Towanda, Chesapeake Bay PA to Gateways 9,577 4,925,582 Free to Public Network York, PA

Cars: $7.00 Delaware Water Bushkill, PA Gap National 9,832 4,314,085 Bikes: $1.00 * Recreation Area Walking:$1.00

Edgar Allan Poe Philadelphia, National Historic 397 13,128 Free to Public PA Site

Eisenhower Gettysburg, Kids: $5.00 National Historic 1,123 54,668 PA Adults: $7.50 Site First State Chaddsford, National 717 N/A Free to Public PA Historical Park

Flight 93 National Schanksville, 1,588 262,441 Free to Public Memorial PA

Fort Necessity Farmington, National 1,615 199,837 Free to Public PA Battlefield Friendship Hill Point National Historic 579 32,864 Free to Public Marion, PA Site Gettysburg Gettysburg, National Military 7,004 1,003,581 Free to Public PA Park Hopewell Furnace National Elverson, PA 1,437 44,929 Free to Public Historic Site Independence Philadelphia, National 23, 876 3,552,672 Free to Public PA Historical Park

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Johnstown Flood South Fork, National 821 139,603 Free to Public PA Memorial Potomac Heritage National Dunbar, PA 406 N/A Free to Public Scenic Trail Entrance Fee: Steamtown $7.00 Scranton, National Historic 5,709 81,802 PA Train Site Ride:$5.00

Thaddeus Kosciuszko Philadelphia, 166 1,608 Free to Public National PA Memorial Upper Delaware Scenic and Pike and N/A 228,284 Free to Public Recreational Wayne, PA River Valley Forge Valley National Historic 6,396 1,897,029 Free to Public Forge, PA Park

Since the affiliated and parks managed by the National Park Service do not have use the National Park Service's budget therefore they were not reported in the budget justification of the 2017 fiscal year. Hence, we do not have their operation costs, but we do still have the yearly personal costs.

Yearly Affiliated or Managed by National Park Location in Personal Service within PA PA Costs

Captain John Smith Chesapeake National Lancaster, Free to Public Historic Trail PA

Delaware and Lehigh National Heritage Easton, PA Free to Public Corridor

Philadelphia, Gloria Dei Church National Historic Site Free to Public PA

Lower Delaware National Wild and Scenic Philadelphia, Free to Public River PA

North Country National Scenic Trail Baker, PA Free to Public

Oil Region National Heritage Area Oil City, PA Free to Public

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Free to Members Homestead, Rivers of Steel National Heritage Area PA $1 for Kids $3 for Adults

Pottstown, Schuylkill River Valley Free to Public PA

Washington-Rochambeau Revolutionary Philadelphia, Free to Public Route National Historic Trail PA

References [edit] 1. ^ "Population estimates, July 1, 2015, (V2015)" . www.census.gov. Retrieved 2016-10-16. 2. ^ "Geography of Pennsylvania - World Atlas" . www.worldatlas.com. Retrieved 2016-10-16. 3. ^ "Geography of Pennsylvania - World Atlas" . www.worldatlas.com. Retrieved 2016-10-16. 4. ^ "Geography of Pennsylvania - World Atlas" . www.worldatlas.com. Retrieved 2016-10-16. 5. ^ "What mountain ranges are located in Pennsylvania?" . Reference. Retrieved 2016-11-27. 6. ^ "Geography of Pennsylvania - World Atlas" . www.worldatlas.com. Retrieved 2016-11-28. 7. ^ "The Water" . www.pahousegop.info. Retrieved 2016-11-27. 8. ^ "The Water" . www.pahousegop.info. Retrieved 2016-11-27. 9. ^ "MW Landfills and Resource Recovery Facilities" . www.dep.pa.gov. Retrieved 2016-11-30. 10. ^ "MW Landfills and Resource Recovery Facilities" . www.dep.pa.gov. Retrieved 2016-11-30. 11. ^ WHYY, Marielle Segarra,. "Pennsylvania ranks second in landfill trash per capita — Keystone Crossroads" . KeystoneCrossroads.org. Retrieved 2016-11-30. 12. ^ WHYY, Marielle Segarra,. "Pennsylvania ranks second in landfill trash per capita — Keystone Crossroads" . KeystoneCrossroads.org. Retrieved 2016-11-30. 13. ^ WHYY, Marielle Segarra,. "Pennsylvania ranks second in landfill trash per capita — Keystone Crossroads" . KeystoneCrossroads.org. Retrieved 2016-11-30. 14. ^ "Westmoreland Cleanways" . www.westmorelandcleanways.org. Retrieved 2016-11-28. 15. ^ "Westmoreland Cleanways" . www.westmorelandcleanways.org. Retrieved 2016-11-28. 16. ^ "Westmoreland Cleanways" . www.westmorelandcleanways.org. Retrieved 2016-11-28. 17. ^ "Recycling" . www.dep.pa.gov. Retrieved 2016-11-28. 18. ^ "Westmoreland Cleanways" . www.westmorelandcleanways.org. Retrieved 2016-11-28. 19. ^ "Westmoreland Cleanways" . www.westmorelandcleanways.org. Retrieved 2016-11-28. 20. ^ "Westmoreland Cleanways" . www.westmorelandcleanways.org. Retrieved 2016-11-28. 21. ^ "Westmoreland Cleanways" . www.westmorelandcleanways.org. Retrieved 2016-11-28. 22. ^ "Westmoreland Cleanways" . www.westmorelandcleanways.org. Retrieved 2016-11-28. 23. ^ "Recycling" . www.dep.pa.gov. Retrieved 2016-11-29. 24. ^ "Recycling" . www.dep.pa.gov. Retrieved 2016-11-29. 25. ^ "Recycling" . www.dep.pa.gov. Retrieved 2016-11-29. 26. ^ "Pennsylvania (U.S. National Park Service)" . www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2016-11-06. 27. ^ "Pennsylvania (U.S. National Park Service)" . www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2016-11-06. 28. ^ National Park Service. "Budget Justifications and Performance Information for Fiscal Year 2017" (PDF). United States Department of the Interior. 29. ^ National Park Service. "Budget Justification and Performance Information Fiscal year 2017" (PDF). https://www.nps.gov/aboutus/upload/FY17-NPS-Greenbook-for-website.pdf . United States Department of the Interior. External link in |website= (help)

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30. ^ "Pennsylvania (U.S. National Park Service)" . www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2016-11-28.

Categories: Environment of Pennsylvania

This page was last edited on 2 June 2017, at 15:55.

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