Complications Crosswalk

WIC Nutrition Crossroads Breastfeeding Complications or Description Related Conditions/Causes Risk Code Potential Complications 602 (Women) engorgement is often caused by . Poor milk transfer Severe infrequent nursing and/or ineffective . Flat removal of milk, breast congestion. . Diminished supply A clogged duct is a temporary back‐up of . cysts Recurrent plugged ducts milk that occurs in one or more of the . Bleb lobes, do not drain well. . Incomplete emptying of milk is a breast infection that causes . Duct ectasia or periductal mastitis flu‐like illness, inflamed and painful area on Mastitis . Breast abscess the breast. This condition requires

antibiotic therapy. may have difficulty latching on Flat or inverted correctly to nurse when woman’s nipples . Difficulty with are flat or inverted. . Improper latch/positioning . Impaired milk flow Cracked, bleeding and severely sore nipples . Inadequate intake result in pain and discomfort lasting . Candida infection: thrush Cracked, bleeding or severely sore nipples throughout feedings. Pain persisting . Severe nipple pain beyond one week post‐partum is atypical . Nipple bacterial infection (e.g. and suggests incorrect positioning. Impetigo/Staph infection . Nipple Vasospasm Older women (over 40) have fewer . Inadequate supply Age ≥ 40 years functioning milk glands resulting in greater . Breast involution difficulty producing abundant milk supply. Failure of milk to come in by 4 days Failure of milk to come in by 4 days post‐ postpartum may be result of maternal . Inadequate supply partum illness, chronic conditions or perinatal . Agalactia (failure to lactate) complications. Tandem nursing (breastfeeding two siblings Tandem nursing is breastfeeding more than . Inadequate supply who are not twins) one ‐child (not multi‐gestation). . Inadequate maternal intake

April 21, 2014: Breastfeeding Complications Crosswalk…Page 1 of 2 WIC Nutrition Crossroads Breastfeeding Complications or Risk Code Description Related Conditions/Causes Potential Complications 603 (Infants) . “Breastfeeding” jaundice‐early onset Occurs when bilirubin accumulates in the (usually peaks between 3 and 5 days blood because red blood cells break down after birth) Jaundice too quickly, the liver does not process . “Breastmilk” jaundice‐late onset bilirubin as efficiently as it should, or (onset ~ 5 to 10 days after birth) intestinal excretion of bilirubin is impaired. . Inadequate breastfeeding

. Flat nipples . Inverted nipples . Breast engorgement Infant has difficulty latching on to the . Incorrect positioning and technique Difficulty latching onto mother’s breast breast. . Nipple confusion . Ineffective milk removal . Cleft Lip Palate . Ankyloglossia (tongue tie) . Prematurity Weak or ineffective suck may cause an . Low Birth Weight infant to obtain inadequate milk with . Sleepy baby breastfeeding and result in a diminished Weak or ineffective suck . Physical or medical problem: heart supply and an underweight baby. Weak or disease, hypotonia, respiratory illness, ineffective suckling can be the result of or infection many conditions. . Early use of bottles and pacifiers Inadequate stooling or less than 6 wet . Failure to thrive diapers per day are probably indicators that . Insufficient milk intake Inadequate stooling and/or less than 6 wet the breastfed infant is not receiving . Infrequent or ineffective nursing diapers per day adequate milk. NOTE: Inadequate stooling . Latch difficulties is best diagnosed by the pediatrician or . Impaired let down other health care practitioner. . Excessive use of pacifier

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