Guide to Regulators Index

Section 1 page 4 Regulator Primer

Section 2 page 10 Matheson’s Product Line

Section 3 page 16 Regulator Options and Accessories Introduction Section 4 page 20 Choosing the right regulator Using Your for your application is critical – Regulator and often difficult. Product application, gas service, and Section 5 required delivery pressure all page 27 influence regulator selection. Performance At Matheson, we understand Evaluation and Troubleshooting gases, and we understand the importance of using the appropriate equipment for Section 6 each gas. Matheson’s Guide page 30 to Regulators is a valuable tool Glossary of that will help you pick the Regulator Terms right product for your application, and get the most reliable results.

2 3 Features Determine Function: Section 1

Regulator Primer What makes a high purity regulator high purity? How a Regulator Works High purity applications require equipment that will help maintain the purity of the system. High purity applications are sensitive Loading Mechanism to contamination from elements such as moisture, oxygen, and other gaseous vapors that may be present in ambient air. These contaminants enter the system when the Sensing regulator is removed from the cylinder during Element cylinder changeout, or they may enter through leaks or faulty seals. Delivery Inlet Pressure Pressure The features of a regulator determine the type of service for which it can be used. A Control Element or regulator intended for a high purity Main application has different features than a unit designed for general purpose use. Three main features determine the suitability of a There are three basic operating components in most regulators: a regulator for high purity applications: loading mechanism, a sensing element, and a control element. These three components work together to accomplish pressure reduction. Body Type: Regulator bodies may be of The Loading Mechanism determines the setting of the regulator forged or barstock construction. A forged delivery pressure. Most regulators use a spring as the loading body is formed by casting metal in a mold mechanism. When the regulator hand knob is turned, the spring is under pressure. A barstock body is made by compressed. The force that is placed on the spring is communicated machining out a solid piece of cold-drawn to the sensing element and the control element to achieve the outlet metal bar. Barstock bodies are used for high pressure. purity applications for the following reasons: Barstock Construction The Sensing Element senses the force placed on the spring to set the • Reduced internal volumes: Because delivery pressure. Most regulators use a diaphragm as the sensing barstock bodies are machined, it is possible element. The diaphragms may be constructed of elastomers or metal. to achieve a small internal cavity in the The sensing element communicates this change in force to the control regulator body. The low internal volume element. makes purging the regulator easy, allowing The Control Element is a valve that actually accomplishes the for removal of contaminants like moisture reduction of inlet pressure to outlet pressure. When the regulator and oxygen. It is difficult to achieve a low hand knob is turned, the spring (loading mechanism) is compressed. internal volume in the forging process; The spring displaces the diaphragm (sensing element). The diaphragm forged bodies have more “dead space” and then pushes on the control element, causing it to move away from the tend to trap contaminants, and are more difficult to purge. regulator seat. The orifice becomes larger in order to provide the flow Forged Construction and pressure required. Note: the larger size of the forged body

4 5 • Tight grain structure of the metal: Type of Seals: The seal between The cold drawing process produces the body of the regulator and the metal barstock with a very tight grain diaphragm is important in structure. This tight grain structure maintaining purity. A poor seal prevents the regulator’s internal creates a leakage point through surfaces from adsorbing moisture and which contaminants may enter the contaminants, allowing them to be system. A metal to metal seal purged easily. The forging process (metal regulator body sealing to a produces a more porous grain metal diaphragm) is the most Seal structure; the internal surfaces of a reliable, leak-free type of seal. An Seal between forged body regulator tend to adsorb elastomeric diaphragm can degrade the regulator body contaminants, which eventually find over time, compromising the and the diaphragm their way into the system. integrity of this seal. Some Diaphragm regulator designs incorporate a Regulator • Low Ra surface finish: The machining stainless steel diaphragm that may Body process allows for very low Ra be lined with an elastomer. (roughness average) surface finishes Although the diaphragm is stainless on the barstock. The low Ra finish steel, the seal is created between the minimizes particle shedding, which regulator body and the elastomeric contributes to contamination. It is liner. It is not as reliable as a metal difficult to achieve a low Ra finish in to metal seal. the forging process, making forged bodies susceptible to particle shedding and contamination. Features Influence Cost Diaphragm Material: Diaphragms may be constructed of elastomers A regulator designed for high purity (neoprene, Viton, etc.) or stainless steel. applications is more costly than a Stainless steel diaphragms are used in regulator intended for general high purity regulators because they do purpose use. Barstock bodies are not adsorb and release (or “offgas”) more costly to produce than forged contaminants. When a regulator is bodies due to the high amount of removed from a cylinder, it is exposed machining involved. Stainless steel to ambient air. An elastomeric is a more expensive diaphragm diaphragm will adsorb moisture and material than elastomers. It is any other contaminants from the air. important to remember that not all When the regulator is put back into regulators are created equal when it Diaphragm service, the elastomeric diaphragm comes to features. Regulator releases these contaminants, which Body eventually find their way back into the system. A stainless steel diaphragm is unable to adsorb any contaminants, so it does not contribute to system contamination.

6 7 Dual Stage Regulator Single Stage Regulator

Hand Knob

2nd Stage Hand Load Spring 2nd Stage Knob Diaphragm

Load Spring Inner Stage 2nd Stage Pressure Control Valve Diaphragm INLET OUTLET

1st Stage OUTLET INLET Diaphragm 1st Stage Control Valve Body 1st Stage Main Valve Load Spring Control Element

Single Stage Regulators accomplish the pressure reduction in a Dual Stage Regulators reduce the source pressure down to the single step. Delivery pressure cannot be as tightly controlled as with a desired delivery pressure in two steps. Each stage consists of a spring, dual stage regulator. Single stage regulators should only be used diaphragm, and control valve. The first stage reduces the inlet where an operator can monitor and adjust pressure as needed, or pressure to about three times the maximum working pressure. The where the regulator is supplied a nearly constant source pressure. final pressure reduction occurs in the second stage. Line Regulators are single stage regulators that are used to provide The advantage of a dual stage regulator is its ability to deliver a point-of-use pressure monitoring and control. For example, a lab may constant pressure, even with a decrease in inlet pressure. For have gas cylinders located in a room on the first floor. The gas may be example, as a cylinder of gas is depleted, the cylinder pressure drops. piped up to instruments located in a lab on the second floor. In this Under these conditions, single stage regulators exhibit ‘decaying inlet case, it is difficult to monitor the gas pressure directly at the characteristic’; the delivery pressure increases as a result of a decrease instruments, since the regulators are located on the cylinders on the in inlet pressure. In a dual stage regulator, the second stage first floor. A line regulator may be installed near the instruments for compensates for this increase, providing a constant delivery pressure convenience of monitoring the delivery pressure at the point of use. regardless of inlet pressure. The dual stage regulator is recommended These regulators are installed directly into gas lines, and have a single for applications such as gas supply to analytical instruments, where delivery pressure gauge. constant delivery pressure is critical.

8 9 Section 2 Matheson’s Regulator Product Line

Matheson’s regulator products are grouped into two families: Basic Regulator Products, and Specialty Regulator Products.

Basic Regulator Specialty Regulator Products Products General Purpose Regulators The specialty regulators are intended • Used with gases that are less than for use with applications that require 99.995% pure particular capabilities, such as low Model 3210 • Used for applications where cost delivery pressures or high flow rates. Deluxe Corrosive Regulator Model 3180 (not purity) is the main concern General Purpose Regulator There are general purpose and high • Economy and deluxe models purity options within the specialty regulator family. High Purity Regulators • Used with gases that are 99.995% • High Pressure Regulators: pure or higher purity Delivery pressures up to 6,000 psig • Used for applications where maintaining system purity is the • Corrosive Service Regulators: main concern Used with acid forming halogens Model 3810 (HCl, HBr, etc.) Model 3396 High Purity Stainless Steel Regulator • Brass, aluminum, and stainless Absolute steel options • High Flow Regulators: Flow • Standard regulators or Miniature rates up to 730 SCFH regulators available • Low Pressure Regulators: Low positive pressure and absolute ® ULTRA-LINE Ultra High Purity pressure Regulators • Used for applications where the • Back Pressure Regulators: highest possible purity is critical, Prevent system overpressure Model 9460 such as semiconductor • Low Dead Volume Regulators: Model 3590 ULTRA-LINE® Regulator Low Dead Volume Regulator manufacturing Low internal volume designed for • Designed to minimize the risk of high sensitivity applications contamination • Lecture Bottle Regulators: Corrosive and non-corrosive service Basic Line Regulators units for use with small lecture • Line regulators for general bottles purpose, high purity, and ultra high purity applications • Specialty Line Regulators: Line regulators for high flow and low Model 6342A Model 3230 Back Pressure Regulator High Purity Line Regulator delivery pressure applications

10 11 Product Line at a Glance

Basic Regulators

Regulator Model Design Family Series Stages Features Applications Economy 3180 1 • Low cost forged bodies • Air supply to and actuators General Purpose 3280 2 • Economical neoprene diaphragms • Inert gas supply for purging

Deluxe 1 1 • Low cost forged bodies & neoprene diaphragms • Calibration of pressure gauges, rotameters, and mass flow controllers • Applications with high duty cycle/demanding operating conditions General Purpose 8 2 • Rugged construction 8-F 2 • Large diaphragms provide good pressure control (with rotameter)

High Purity Brass 3530 1 High Purity Features: • Supply of carrier gas/detector support gas for a variety of gas 3120 2 • Ni plated brass barstock bodies chromatography applications (see Regulator Selection Guide for • 316 stainless steel diaphragms GC Detectors on page 16) • Metal to metal seals • Supply of calibration standards to on-line process analyzers,

emission monitoring systems, etc.

High Purity 3140 1 High Purity Features: • Use with ammonia, sulfur containing compounds, amines, vinyl Aluminum • Anodized aluminum barstock bodies compounds, nitric oxide • 316 stainless steel diaphragms

• Metal to metal seals

High Purity 3510 1 High Purity Features: • Supply of carrier gas/detector support gas for a variety of gas Stainless Steel 3610 1 • 316 stainless steel bodies chromatography applications (see Regulator Selection Guide for GC Detectors on page 16) 3810 2 • 316 stainless steel diaphragms • Supply of calibration standards to on-line process analyzers, emission • Metal to metal seals

• Tied seat (3610) for safety monitoring systems, etc. • Applications requiring high purity gases and a compact regulator due to High Purity 3550 Brass 1 High Purity Features: space limitations Miniature 3560 Al 1 • Brass, aluminum, or 316 stainless steel 3570 SS 1 barstock bodies 3850 Brass 2 • 316 stainless steel diaphragms 3860 Al 2 • Metal to metal seals 3870 SS 2 • Compact size

ULTRA-LINE® 9300 1 Ultra High Purity Features: • All semiconductor industry gas applications Ultra High 9360 1 • 316L Stainless® C-22 steel bodies or Hastelloy Purity 9370 1 • Autogeneous butt-welded connections 9460 2 • 10-15 rms surface finish 9470 2 • Assembled in Class 100 clean room Basic Line 3470 1 • Cast zinc (3470), brass barstock (3420), • 3470: Point-of-use regulation of inert gases General Purpose 316 stainless steel (3230), or 316L stainless steel • 3420 & 3230: Point-of-use regulation of high purity gases used in 3420 1 (9330) bodies chromatography or other analytical applications (see Regulator Selection Guide for GC Detectors on page 16) High Purity Brass • Neoprene (3470) or stainless steel diaphragms • 9330: Semiconductor applications 3230 1 • Tied seat (9330) for safety

High Purity SS 9330 1 Ultra Line

12 13 Product Line at a Glance Specialty Regulators

Regulator Model Design Family Series Stages Features Applications • Applications requiring up to 6000 psig delivery pressure High 3020 Brass 1 • Brass or stainless steel barstock bodies • Manufacturing processes, charging of systems, purging Pressure 3030 Brass 1 • 316 stainless steel diaphragm (3020) or piston 3040 Brass 1 3060 Brass 1 3060 SS 1

Standard B15 1 • Economical nickel plated forged brass • Use with acid forming halogen compounds (HBr, HCl, HF) Corrosive Service

Deluxe Corrosive 3210 1 • Monel construction for superior corrosion • Applications requiring extended regulator life span in severe conditions Service resistance

High Flow 3200 1 • Brass or stainless steel barstock bodies • Applications requiring a high flow rate such as purging of large reactor or • 1/2” NPTF inlet and outlet ports storage vessels Low Pressure 8-2 2 • Economical forged brass (8-2) or high purity • 8-2: applications requiring a reduction of full cylinder pressure down to a low working pressure, such as fuel supply to burners or purging low General Purpose brass barstock (3396) construction pressure environmental chambers ® (0.06-2 psig) • Economical Viton(8-2) or 316 stainless steel • 3396: applications requiring subatmospheric pressure control 3396 1 (3396) diaphragms

Absolute Pressure

(-28”Hg VAC-15 psig)

Back Pressure 6342A 1 • 316L stainless steel bodies • Used to relieve system overpressure, like a relief valve 6344A 1 • 316 stainless steel diaphragm (6342A) or 316 stainless steel piston (6344A)

• 6344A capable of delivering up to 700 psig

Low Dead 3590 1 • 7 cc internal volume minimizes contamination and • Use with mixtures containing trace quantities of reactive and/or adsorptive Volume 3590TO 1 adsorption gases or vapors

• 316 stainless steel body and diaphragm • 3590TO specially cleaned for use with TO-14 calibration standards Lecture Bottle 3320 1 • Forged brass (3320) or PVC (3330) bodies • Use with lecture bottles. • 3330 designed for use with low pressure applications (1-6 psig); if higher ® Non-Corrosive • Neoprene (3320) or Teflon(3330) diaphragms pressures are required, use 3570 Series Mini Regulators 3330 1 • 3320 equipped with CGA 170 for use with non-

Corrosive Service corrosives; 3330 equipped with CGA 180 for corrosive gases Specialty Line 3540 1 • High purity stainless steel body and • High purity, high flow applications (up to 730 SCFH) (2-100 psig) diaphragm 3491 1 • Low cost brass body and butyl rubber • Non-corrosive, absolute pressure applications (1 mm Hg VAC-1.8 psig) diaphragm 3494 1 • High purity stainless steel body and • Corrosive/high purity absolute pressure applications (-28” Hg VAC-15 psig) diaphragm 3700 1 • Cast zinc body and natural rubber • Non-corrosive, low inlet pressure/low; delivery pressure applications (2” WC-10 psig) diaphragm; “pancake” design

14 15 Regulator Selection Guide for GC Detectors Flash Arrestors

Detector Type Detection Level Regulator Flash arrestors are safety devices that shut off the gas flow if a flashback occurs in a Flame Ionization Detector (FID) All Levels system. A flashback is the combustion of a Thermal Conductivity Detector (TCD) All LevelsModel 3530/3120 flammable mixture within the tubing or Nitrogen Phosphorus Detector (NPD) All Levels High Purity piping of a gas transfer system. If the Brass Regulators, Flame Photometric Detector (FPD) All Levels flashback travels back through the piping Model 3420 Photoionization Detector (PID) All Levels and reaches the regulator, the regulator High Purity Brass Line Model 6104 Helium Ionization Detector (HID) All Levels becomes a small bomb. If it reaches the Regulators Flash Arrestor Electrolytic Conductivity Detector Levels >50 ppm , the cylinder becomes a large (ELCD or Hall Detector) bomb. Electron Capture Detector (ECD) Levels > 50 Modelppm 3510/3810 High Purity Stainless Steel As the flashback occurs, it is preceded by a Electrolytic Conductivity Detector Levels < 50 ppmRegulators, shock wave. The flash arrestor senses the (ELCD or Hall Detector) Model 3230 High Purity shock wave and closes a valve that shuts Electron Capture Detector (ECD) LevelsStainless < 50 ppm Steel Line Regulators off the gas flow. The flame is detoured Mass Selective Detector or Mass Spec All Levels through three feet of spiral tubing in the (MSD or MS) flash arrestor, where it is extinguished. Atomic Emission Detector (AED) All Levels The flash arrestor also incorporates a reverse flow blocking mechanism that effectively prevents accidental mixing of gases in the regulator. Flash arrestors are Section 3 available in brass (Model 6103) and stainless steel (Model 6104), and may be Options and Accessories reset and reused up to three times after a flashback has occurred. Helium Leak Testing Purge Assemblies A helium leak test is used to determine the leak rate across the diaphragm or fittings on the regulator. The leak rate A purge assembly is recommended for use value should be as low as possible to prevent contamination with toxic, corrosive, or flammable gases. by ambient air or escape of hazardous gases. The assemblies are available in a cross purge configuration (Models 4774 and A complete helium leak test involves monitoring the inboard 4775) and a tee purge configuration leakage and the outboard leakage of a regulator. This testing (Models 4753-4756). The tee purge and is available for a fee. Inboard leak testing involves drawing the cross purge help to ensure safety when an internal vacuum on the regulator, and surrounding it working with hazardous gases. The cross with helium. The helium leak rate from the outside of the purge also protects the system from regulator to the inside of the regulator is then monitored. atmospheric contamination. The tee Model 4774 Cross Purge Assembly Outboard leak testing is performed by pressurizing the purge is used for general purpose corrosive regulator with helium and analyzing the surrounding space applications; the cross purge is used for for the presence of helium. Upon completion of the tests, a high purity applications where preventing certificate is written and forwarded with the item to the contamination is critical. customer.

16 17 Safety: When a regulator is removed minimizing the risk of it being from a cylinder of toxic or flammable gas, improperly reinstalled. The check valve some gas is released into the work in the CGA connection prevents the atmosphere. Some materials (such as release of gas when the cylinder is silane) will spontaneously ignite when changed, and prevents ambient air from exposed to air. A purge assembly is used entering the system. The Model 5330 has with an inert gas to flush all hazardous brass end connections, and the Model gases from the regulator, eliminating their 5430 has stainless steel end connections. release when the regulator is removed from the cylinder. Corrosive gases like Excess Flow Valves hydrogen chloride present severe corrosion The excess flow valve (Model 6290 Series) problems when they are exposed to is designed to shut down the gas supply moisture. The cross purge’s valving in case of abnormal flow conditions configuration allows the regulator to be caused by rupture, fire, or closed off completely from the atmosphere malfunctioning valves. The valve will before removing it from the cylinder. automatically detect excess flow when the Closing the valves prevents atmospheric event occurs and will shut down the moisture from contacting the gas, supply flow immediately so that the minimizing corrosion. remaining contents of the cylinder(s) does not empty into the work or storage Purity: Atmospheric contaminants like Model 6290 area. This feature is critical with toxic, moisture and oxygen cannot be tolerated in Excess Flow Valve poisonous, or flammable gases, but can a high purity system. When a regulator is also be important when dealing with removed from a cylinder, atmospheric inert gases in small, poorly ventilated oxygen and moisture enter the regulator. areas where asphyxiation is a potential When the regulator is put back into hazard. service, these contaminants enter the system. As mentioned above, the cross purge’s valving configuration allows the regulator to be completely isolated from the atmosphere, preventing contaminants from entering the system.

Single Station Manifolds A single station manifold is used to mount a regulator to a wall. These units consist of a stainless steel bracket and a stainless steel flex hose with a CGA connection and integral check valve. Wall mounting the regulator eliminates the need to handle the regulator during cylinder changeout,

18 19 4. Slowly open the gas cylinder valve. Check the inlet pressure gauge to ensure that it registers the expected value. Low cylinder pressure may indicate a leaking Cylinder valve, which can be a serious safety issue. Regulator Outlet Valve Valve 5. Check all high-pressure connections for leaks using an approved soap solution or leak detection device. 6. Open the cylinder valve completely. 7. Adjust the regulator hand knob to raise the delivery pressure to the desired value. Do not exceed the Regulator Hand maximum delivery pressure indicated by the model Knob number label on the regulator. 8. Open the outlet valve on the regulator to establish gas flow to the system. This valve is used to control the gas flow. The regulator itself should not be used as a flow controller by adjusting the pressure to obtain different flow rates. This practice defeats the purpose of the pressure regulator, and may result in a pressure Section 4 – Using Your Regulator setting that is in excess of the design pressure of the system. Installing the Regulator 9. After flow is established, the set delivery pressure may Regulators are equipped with CGA (Compressed Gas Association) decrease slightly. Check to see that the delivery fittings for connection to cylinders. Each CGA connection has a pressure is as desired and make any necessary numerical designation, and a listing of gases with which it may be adjustments. used. The CGA prevents a regulator from being used on incompatible gases. For example, the CGA connection designated for use with oxygen (CGA 540) cannot be used on a cylinder of hydrogen. The table Removing the Regulator from the Cylinder on page 24 lists common gases and their corresponding CGA For temporary shutdown (less than 30-minute duration), simply close connections. the regulator outlet valve.

For extended shutdown (beyond 30-minute duration) follow these Connecting the Regulator to the Cylinder steps: and Setting the Delivery Pressure 1. Shut off the gas cylinder valve completely. 1. Close the regulator by rotating the hand knob in a counterclockwise direction. 2. Shut down any additional gas supplies that may be supplying gas to the system. 2. Close the regulator outlet valve by rotating the valve knob in a clockwise direction. 3. Open the regulator and the outlet valve to drain the contents of the regulator through the system in use. 3. Connect the regulator to the cylinder. The regulator Both regulator gauges should descend to zero. should be attached to the cylinder without forcing the threads. If the inlet of the regulator does not fit the 4. When using a toxic or other hazardous gas, purge the cylinder outlet, it is likely that the regulator is not regulator and system with an inert gas (see intended for the gas service. instructions on Purging the Regulator, on page 23). 20 21 Inert Purge Gas 5. Close the regulator by rotating the knob counterclockwise. Close the outlet valve by rotating it clockwise. Cross Purge Outlet Assembly 6. Disconnect the regulator from the system or Valve 2 4 downstream equipment. 1 Vacuum 7. Disassemble the regulator from the cylinder by slowly System Cylinder Pump loosening the cylinder connection. Listen for gas Valve 3 seepage. If leakage is evident, re-tighten the cylinder connection immediately, and check the cylinder valve Vent for proper closure. If leakage occurs when the Purging the Regulator cylinder valve is closed, and the regulator has been drained of all gases, contact the gas supplier immediately. Purging the Regulator Using a Cross 8. Replace the plug into the cylinder valve outlet (where Purge Assembly applicable). Replace the cap on the cylinder over the 1. Close cylinder valve 1 and valve 2. valve. Remove the cylinder from the work place and put the cylinder into a safe storage area. Replace the 2. Open valves 3 and 4 allowing the inert purge gas to flush empty cylinder with a new one and re-install the the Cross Purge Assembly. regulator. 3. Alternately close and open valve 3 a few times to dilute any gas trapped in the Cross Purge Assembly by pressurizing and venting. 4. Close valve 3. Close valve 4 until barely open. This will ensure a continuous small flow of inert purge gas during the time the inlet connection is open to the atmosphere. 5. Disconnect the regulator from the empty cylinder and reconnect it to the replacement cylinder. 6. Close valve 4. 7. Open valve 3. Evacuate the assembly, if possible, then re- close valve 3. If this is not possible, steps 2 and 3 should be repeated. 8. Open the cylinder valve 1 long enough to fill the Cross Purge Assembly with cylinder gas, and then re-close. 9. Repeat steps 7 and 8 once more if evacuation facilities are available; four more times if venting to atmosphere. At 225 psig cylinder pressure, this practice will dilute the purge gas to below 1 ppm. 10. Check to ensure that valves 3 and 4 are securely closed; the valve handles should be horizontal. Valve 2 may be opened. The handle will indicate the direction of the flow. 22 23 Compressed Gas Association Valve Outlet Listing CGA Outlet Listing (continued)

CGA Valve Outlet Gas & Conn. No. Gas & Conn. No. Acetylene 510 Fluorine 679 Air, Breathing 346 Germane 350/632CGA Valve Outlet Air, Industrial 590* Halocarbon 12 (Dichlorodifluoromethane) 660*/716 Allene 510** Halocarbon 13 (Chlorotrifluoromethane) 660/716 Ammonia, Anhydrous 705** Halocarbon 13B1 (Bromotrifluoromethane) 660 Ammonia, Electronic 660/720 Halocarbon 14 (Tetrafluoromethane) 320*/716 Argon 580*/718 Halocarbon 22 (Chlorodifluoromethane) 660* Argon-3500 psig 680*** Halocarbon 23 (Fluoroform) 660/716 Argon-6000 psig 677 Halocarbon 114 (2,2-Dichlorotetrafluoroethane) 660* Arsine 350/632 Halocarbon 115 (Chloropentafluoroethane) 660* Boron Trichloride 660**/634 Halocarbon 116 (Hexafluoroethane) 660 Boron Trifluoride 330**/642 Halocarbon 142B (Chloro-1,1-Difluoroethane) 510 1,3-Butadiene 510* Halocarbon 1113 (Chlorotrifluoroethylene) 510 Butane 510* Helium-3500 psig 680*** Butenes 510* Helium 580*/718 Carbon Dioxide 320*/716 Hexafluoropropylene 660* Carbon Monoxide 350*/724 Hydrogen 350*/724 Carbonyl Fluoride 660 Hydrogen-3500 psig 695*** Carbonyl Sulfide 330** Hydrogen Bromide 330**/634 Chlorine 660** Hydrogen Chloride 330**/634 Cyanogen 660 Hydrogen Fluoride 660**/638 Cyanogen Chloride 660 Hydrogen Iodide 330** Cyclopropane 510* Hydrogen Selenide 350 Deuterium 350* Hydrogen Sulfide 330**/722 Dichlorosilane 678/636 Isobutane 510* Dimethylamine 705** Isobutylene 510* Dimethyl Ether 510* Krypton 580/718 2,2-Dimethylpropane 510 “Manufactured Gas B” 350 Ethane 350* Methane 350* Ethyl Chloride 300* Methyl Bromide 330 Ethylene 350* 3 Methyl-1-Butene 510 Ethylene Oxide 510** Methyl Chloride 660*

24 25 CGA Outlet Listing (continued) Section 5 – CGA Valve Outlet Gas & Conn. No. Performance Evaluation Methyl Fluoride 350 and Trouble Shooting Methyl Mercaptan 330** Monomethylamine 705** Several things are evaluated to determine a regulator’s performance. Neon 580*/718 Nitric Oxide 660/712 • Pressure regulation as a function of flow: All regulators Nitrogen 580*/718 experience some delivery pressure drop with increased flow rate. Nitrogen-3500 psig 680*** The smaller the drop as flow is increased, the better the Nitrogen-6000 psig 677 performance. Nitrogen Dioxide 660 • Pressure regulation as a function of inlet pressure. As a Nitrogen Trioxide 660 cylinder’s contents are depleted and the inlet pressure drops, the Nitrous Oxide 326* regulator delivery pressure may either rise or fall depending on the Octofluorocyclobutane 660* regulator design. In both cases, this is known as regulator Oxygen 540*/714 “droop.” Two stage regulators generally provide better regulation under these circumstances. Oxygen Mixtures Over 23% 296 Perfluoropropane 660*/716 • “Lockup” of a regulator. Lockup is the difference in pressure Phosgene 660 between a flowing and a non-flowing condition. If a regulator has Phosphine 350/632 its delivery pressure set while gas is flowing, and flow is suddenly stopped, a small rise in delivery pressure (lockup) will occur before Phosphorus Pentafluoride 660** the regulator’s valve closes fully. The lower the lockup, the better 510* the performance. Propylene 510* Silane (High Pressure) 350/632 • Seat leakage of the regulator. Seat leakage is the tendency of gas to leak across the regulator seat, when the regulator outlet Silicone Tetrafluoride 330**/642 valve knob is fully closed (turned counterclockwise) and a high Sulfur Dioxide 660** pressure source exists on the inlet side. A low leakage value is Sulfur Hexafluoride 590*/716 preferred. Sulfur Tetrafluoride 330** • Leakage rate across the diaphragm or fittings on the Trimethylamine 705** regulator. This leakage value is normally measured using helium Vinyl Bromide 510 gas and a mass spectrometer or other type of helium leak detector. Vinyl Methyl Ether 510 Regulators for specialty gas service may have published values of Xenon 580**/718 typical leakage rates either inboard (from the atmosphere into the regulator) or outboard (from the inside of the regulator to the

*Lecture bottles use CGA No. 170 atmosphere). For safety, it is important that this leak rate value be **Lecture bottles use CGA No. 180 as low as possible in order to prevent possible contamination by ***For information on CGA 680 and 695 connections contact your nearest Matheson office. ambient air and moisture or escape of hazardous gases.

26 27 Regulator Troubleshooting 100 There are a number of indications of regulator malfunction. This guide lists some of the potential problems that may be experienced.

80 Problem Cause Action Gauges do not read zero Faulty gauges Replace gauges 60 when gas is drained from

the regulator

40 Gas coming out of the outlet Seat failure or imminent Replace seat; when the regulator is in the seat failure recondition regulator

closed position. 20 Delivery pressure rising Seat failure or imminent Replace seat; with the following conditions: seat failure recondition regulator a) cylinder valve open, 0 b) regulator set at a given delivery pressure, and c) outlet valve closed

for five to ten minutes

Reading Flow Curves Gas leakage from hand Deficient diaphragm or Replace diaphragm The flow properties of a regulator are illustrated knob area diaphragm seal or seal; recondition by the flow curve. The vertical axis indicates regulator the delivery pressure at which the regulator is set, and the horizontal axis indicates the gas If any of the above problems are experienced, please return the flow that the regulator passes. The curves are regulator to Matheson for repair. made by setting the delivery pressure while there is no gas flow, and then slowly opening the outlet valve downstream while measuring both the flow and the delivery pressure. Typically, as flow increases, delivery pressure drops. The portion of the curve to the far left is flat; in this range, the regulator demonstrates a stable pressure regulation although the flow is changing. For example, increasing the flow from point “A” to point “B” results in a slight decrease in pressure. The portion of the curve to the right shows a rapid drop in pressure with increasing flow rate, indicating that the regulator valve seat is almost wide open. If flow is increased from point “B” to point “C”, there is a large drop in pressure that is typical for all regulators.

28 29 Section 6: Glossary of Regulator Terms

The following terms may be encountered when dealing with regulators. Burst Pressure – A design test pressure which determines the Inlet Pressure (P1) – The pressure of the gas at the supply ultimate structural strength of a regulator connection of a regulator or valve. Typical or valve. Permanent deformation and units of measure are psig, bar, or pascal. leakage are permitted, but parts must Leakage, Inboard – Leakage through an external joint or seal remain assembled (no sudden ruptures). where the direction of flow is from the Captured Venting – A feature incorporated in a self-venting outside into the regulator or valve. The pressure reducing regulator which provides leakage rate is measured in atm cc/sec an additional port to permit the piping away He(lium). of the expelled gas from the regulator’s vent Leakage, Outboard – Leakage through an external joint or seal valve. where the direction of flow is from the Control Element – One of the three basic elements of a inside of the regulator or valve to the pressure regulator. It acts to reduce a high outside. The leakage rate is measured in inlet pressure to a lower working or delivery atm cc/sec He(lium), and the pressure pressure. The control element is sometimes inside the regulator should be stated. called a main valve, valve stem, or poppet. Load Element – One of the three basic elements of a Cv – See “Flow Capacity” pressure reducing regulator (usually a spring). It provides the means by which the Decaying Inlet Characteristic – The effect of the set pressure of a regulator as a result of an inlet pressure change; operator can set the force that determines normally an increase in outlet pressure due the outlet pressure of the regulator. to a decrease in inlet pressure. Lock-up – The outlet pressure increase that occurs above the “set pressure” as the flow is Diaphragm – A type of sensing element used in a regulator. Common diaphragm materials decreased to zero. are Buna-N, Viton, Ethylene Propylene, 316 Outlet Pressure (P2) – The pressure of the gas from the discharge Stainless Steel, and Elgiloy. connection of a regulator or valve. Droop – The outlet pressure change (or offset) from Sensing Element – One of the three basic elements of a the “set pressure” which occurs as flow rate pressure-reducing regulator, typically a increases. diaphragm. It senses the changes in the outlet pressure, permitting the regulator to Flow Capacity (Cv) – The maximum flow capability of a regulator or valve established at a specific set of react in an attempt to return to the original conditions. The standard coefficient is the “set pressure” by increasing or decreasing term ‘Cv’, which is defined as the flow of pressure. one GPM of water at one PSI pressure drop. Set Pressure – The desired operational outlet pressure for a The term Cv for gaseous service is regulator, normally stated at NO FLOW dependent on the ratio of inlet to outlet conditions. pressure and must be determined by the use of the appropriate formulae.

ULTRA-LINE is a registered trademark of Matheson Gas Products Teflon and Viton are registered trademarks of E.I. Dupont Hastelloy is a registered trademark of Union Carbide

30 31 To place an order, or to obtain more information, please contact any of the following convenient customer service locations:

United States Canada US Equipment ARIZONA (Phoenix) NEW JERSEY ALBERTA (Calgary) Technology TEL: 602-894-1387 (Southern) Direct to Edmonton Center FAX: 909-987-3494 603 Heron Drive TEL: 800-263-2620 CALIFORNIA P.O. Box 38 FAX: 403-471-3117 166 Keystone Drive (Northern) Bridgeport 08014 ALBERTA (Edmonton) Montgomeryville, PA 18936 6775 Central Avenue TEL: 609-467-2770 12143 68th Street TEL: 215-641-2700 Newark 94560 FAX: 609-467-3415 T5B 1P9 TEL: 510-793-2559 NEW YORK (Buffalo) TEL: 403-471-4036 FAX: 510-790-6241 TEL: 716-832-9286 FAX: 403-471-3117 CALIFORNIA (Southern) FAX: 330-425-1791 ONTARIO (Mississauga) 8800 Utica Avenue OHIO (Cleveland) 5512 Tomken Road, Canada Cucamonga 91730 1650 Enterprise Pkwy. Unit 14 TEL: 909-987-4611 Twinsburg 44087 L4W 4B8 Technical Help FAX: 909-987-3494 TEL: 330-425-4406 TEL: 416-798-7079 COLORADO (Denver) FAX: 330-425-1791 FAX: 905-668-6937 TEL: 800-263-2620 TEL: 303-973-7714 OHIO (Miamisburg) ONTARIO (Ottawa) FAX: 909-987-3494 TEL: 937-236-3021 22B Jamie Avenue GEORGIA (Atlanta) FAX: 330-425-1791 K2E 6T6 6874 S. Main Street OREGON (Portland) TEL: 613-226-4228 International P.O. Box 136 13129 N.E. David Circle FAX: 613-226-4229 Morrow 30260 Portland 97230 ONTARIO (Sarnia) UNITED STATES TEL: 770-961-7891 TEL: 503-241-3321 321 Queen Street, Unit 6 932 Paterson Plank Road FAX: 770-968-1268 FAX: 510-790-6241 N7T 2S3 P.O. Box 85 ILLINOIS (Chicago) PENNSYLVANIA TEL: 519-332-8100 East Rutherford, NJ 07073 TEL: 773-242-1321 (Philadelphia Area) FAX: 519-332-8102 TEL: 201-933-2400 FAX: 815-727-1676 TEL: 609-467-2770 ONTARIO (Toronto) FAX: 201-933-1928 ILLINOIS (Joliet) FAX: 609-467-3415 Direct to Whitby Manhattan Road PENNSYLVANIA TEL: 416-798-7079 & Richards Street (Pittsburgh Area) FAX: 905-668-6937 P.O. Box 96 TEL: 412-261-2782 ONTARIO (Whitby) Joliet 60434 FAX: 330-425-1791 Box 89 TEL: 815-727-4848 TEXAS (Austin) 530 Watson Street, East FAX: 815-727-1676 2550 Dry Hole Drive L1N 5R9 LOUISIANA Kyle 78640 TEL: 905-668-3397 (Baton Rouge Area) TEL: 512-262-2129 FAX: 905-668-6937 1931 South Southland Avenue FAX: 512-262-4011 Gonzales 70737 TEXAS (Dallas) TEL: 225-647-5303 10709 Tube Drive FAX: 281-471-9518 Suite 110 MASSACHUSETTS Hurst 76053 (Gloucester) TEL: 817-354-0319 61 Grove Street FAX: 281-471-9518 P.O. Box 1147 TEXAS (Houston) Gloucester 01930 1920 West Fairmont Pkwy. TEL: 978-283-7700 La Porte 77571 FAX: 978-283-6177 P.O. Box 969 MISSOURI (St. Louis) La Porte 77572 TEL: 314-645-5105 TEL: 281-471-2544 FAX: 815-727-1676 FAX: 281-471-9518 NEW JERSEY (Northern) 932 Paterson Plank Road P.O. Box 85 East Rutherford, NJ 07073 TEL: 201-933-2400 FAX: 201-933-1928

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BR-71/1-99 Printed in USA BR-71D/1-99 Printed in USA