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Arctic Arctic ARCTIC EXPEDITION 2016 JOURNEY ACROSS THE ARCTIC FINAL REPORT August 12-24, 2016 5782 W Jefferson Blvd Los Angeles, CA 90016 www.5gyres.org 1 ARCTIC EXPEDITION 2016 EXPEDITION SUMMARY The 2016 Arctic Expedition traveled 1687 miles through the Canadian Arctic to collect large and small microplastics to better understand the global distribution of the smog of plastic that plagues our seas. There were 22 crewmembers from three countries, representing filmmakers and educators, scientists and CEOs, activists and artists, and one doctor in a kayak. Arctic Expedition Highlights • The Arctic Expedition collected 18 surface samples using two methods: Manta Trawl & 20 Micron Pump. These data sets will be shared with the Vancouver Aquarium in order to pool our data for a better understanding of microplastics in the Arctic. • All crewmembers participated in science and solution discussions during the Arctic Expedition, adding 22 new ocean Ambassadors to the 5 Gyres network. We will share upcoming 5 Gyres projects, expeditions and events with you first. • Communities, like Pond Inlet, showed us that even the most remote regions on the planet are consuming single-use throw away plastics, and rely on incineration as a solution. 5 Gyres is further committed to solving the plastic problem in more efficient means on islands and remote communities. • For the first time, 5 Gyres was able to share, in real time, Expedition route, adventures and updates with a global audience on our Expedition Portal. Pictures from the Arctic Expedition can be found here: https://app.box.com/s/m3jedbsi5s1q75lv37bcvmlu43yp3i2c Expedition Handouts, Protocols and Other Resources: https://app.box.com/s/pe5s92lc792ipepm63ma8qk9zzzyw3i3 Marcus’s powerpoint presentation here: https://www.dropbox.com/s/ez5cphz0fqguvi2/Arctic%20presentation%20Aug.%2015.pptx?dl= 0 Articles about the Arctic and Plastic: Plastic Smog: Microplastics invade our oceans Trillions of tiny plastic pieces reside in sea ice 5782 W Jefferson Blvd Los Angeles, CA 90016 www.5gyres.org 2 ARCTIC EXPEDITION 2016 THE ARCTIC EXPEDITION ROUTE AND VESSEL We sailed from KANGERLUSSUAQ, GREENLAND 1687 miles to CAMBRIDGE BAY in 12 days, stopping in 4 small villages along the way. Friday, August 12, 2016 KANGERLUSSUAQ, GREENLAND Saturday, August 13, 2016 Sisimiut Sunday, August 14, 2016 Ilulissat Monday, August 15, 2016 At sea Tuesday, August 16, 2016 Pond Inlet Wednesday, August 17, 2016 Dundas Harbour / Croker Bay Thursday, August 18, 2016 Maxwell Bay Friday, August 19, 2016 Beechey Island / Radstock Bay Saturday, August 20, 2016 Prince Leopold Island Sunday, August 21, 2016 Fort Ross Monday, August 22, 2016 Conningham Bay Tuesday, August 23, 2016 Victory Point Wednesday, August 24, 2016 CAMBRIDGE BAY 5782 W Jefferson Blvd Los Angeles, CA 90016 www.5gyres.org 3 ARCTIC EXPEDITION 2016 We were aboard the expedition ship, Akademik Sergey Vavilov. The ship is a Russian-made Arctic exploration vessel managed by 42 Russian crew. It is 117 meters long, with 6 meter draft and an average cruising speed of 14 knots. THE EXPEDITION PORTAL For the first time, 5 Gyres was able to share, in real time, our Expedition adventures and updates with a global audience, thanks to the team at ZPPR, who designed and donated our Expedition Portal (http://www.5gyres.org/current-expedition/). Hundreds of people tuned in daily to follow our route and hear some of the stories remotely. The Portal will remain up and running on the 5 Gyres website, serving as a journal of our 17th research expedition. 5782 W Jefferson Blvd Los Angeles, CA 90016 www.5gyres.org 4 ARCTIC EXPEDITION 2016 EXPEDITION PARTICIPANTS The Arctic Expedition included 22 citizen scientists from around the globe. People from Bermuda, Italy, Australia, Netherlands, and several from all over the United States joined us in the Arctic. Each of these individuals will bring the experience and knowledge back to their communities and help us raise awareness about the issue of plastic pollution, along with bringing new expertise to the conversations. EXPEDITION PARTNERS We want to give a special thanks to Exploring Circle’s Founder Kristy Royce ([email protected]), who was essential in organizing many of the details and logistics related to the Expedition. Not only did Kristy assure that a several of our crew made the trip, but we were thrilled she could join us and she is also now an ocean Ambassador and we look forward to many more adventures together. OneOcean Explorations also played a vital role by inviting us to partner in the Arctic Expedition. From running day to day logistics of the Expedition with excitement and comfort, the OneOcean Explorations team was proved to be experts in polar exploration and we are excited to partner on more Expeditions in the future. The scientific research carried out during the Expedition by the Vancouver Aquarium complemented our plastic pollution research in several ways. The Aquarium collected samples from the water column and sediment, while we collected surface samples. Together this is a better analysis of microplastic pollution in the Arctic. 5782 W Jefferson Blvd Los Angeles, CA 90016 www.5gyres.org 5 ARCTIC EXPEDITION 2016 EXPEDITION RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND METHODS 1. Manta trawling and 20 micron pump Surface samples were collected using a Manta Trawl with a 0.6 x 0.15 m2 rectangular opening manta trawl with a 3-meter long, 333-micron net and a 30 x 10 cm2 collecting bag. A 20 micron pump mechanism designed by oceanographers at Louisiana State University for microplastic sampling in the Mississippi River was utilized on 8 occasions during the expedition. Samples from both nets are preserved in isopropyl alcohol and sent to a lab to count and weigh particles in 3 size classes (.33-1mm, 1-5mm, >5mm). The data will be used to describe the distribution of microplastics across the North Atlantic gyres. 5782 W Jefferson Blvd Los Angeles, CA 90016 www.5gyres.org 6 ARCTIC EXPEDITION 2016 2. Visual observations Since larger debris is not measured effectively by our trawls, crew carried out 13 visual observations on deck for a concentrated 60 minutes at a time. This creates a 4th size range of macroplastic data to go with our microplastic data. 5782 W Jefferson Blvd Los Angeles, CA 90016 www.5gyres.org 7 ARCTIC EXPEDITION 2016 3. iGyre: Plastic Ocean We will use all available data to recalibrate our global ocean model that estimates the global concentration of plastic pollution in our oceans. Our first iGyre global estimate was published in December 2014 (see link below), estimating that there is over 269,000 tons (5.25 trillion pieces) of plastic pollution floating on the surfaces of our oceans. http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0111913 Data collected now on our Arctic 2016 expedition will be combined with our 2014 Iceland Expedition, 2015 N. Atlantic Expedition and all other recently published data on particle densities worldwide to determine a new estimate of the total weight and particle count of plastic pollution worldwide. 5782 W Jefferson Blvd Los Angeles, CA 90016 www.5gyres.org 8 ARCTIC EXPEDITION 2016 PRELIMINARY RESULTS During the expedition we collected 18 samples from the Manta and 20 micron pump. We also collected 13 visual observations of the sea surface. These data have not been analyzed yet, but will be used to update our global model before the end of this year. 5782 W Jefferson Blvd Los Angeles, CA 90016 www.5gyres.org 9 ARCTIC EXPEDITION 2016 SOLUTIONS The Arctic Expedition focused on how to solve the growing problem of plastic marine pollution by inviting you to join the conversation. Our overall goal is to get away from the linear economy that moves materials from extraction to the eventual landfill, incinerator or the environment as pollution. We saw this in some of the small remote communities we visited. We want a circular economy, and that takes innovation. In an ideal world of a circular economy all materials extracted and consumed are returned to the biosphere or manufacturer, leaving nothing to persist outside these natural and manmade cycles. All solutions exist somewhere in this system. 5782 W Jefferson Blvd Los Angeles, CA 90016 www.5gyres.org 10 ARCTIC EXPEDITION 2016 At Pond Inlet we witnessed a typical means of dealing with waste. While we trawled the ocean in front of the small town, we could see the landfill on fire behind the homes. Where do you assign responsibility? One of the frontiers of dealing with plastic pollution internationally is the role of incineration vs. zero waste on island communities. We learned that Pond Inlet gets one delivery of goods each year, via a container ship that brings everything at once. We also learned that the community tried to have the importer take back all packaging, but that was met with too much resistance, leaving incineration as the default option. We know that burning in the open air is not a realistic long-term solution. Are there incineration technologies that could suffice? While the tech improves, there’s still the problem of CO2 emissions with any form of incineration. Also, incineration has the unintended consequence of making policy to eliminate single-use throw away products very difficult. What’s working elsewhere in the world are Zero Waste strategies. We are seeing examples worldwide of communities making purchasing choices that have the waste strategy in mind. End-of- Life thinking is changing how communities manage products and packaging along the value chain. Sorting for recycling and composting are increasing, especially in SE Asia, making the need for incineration irrelevant. 5782 W Jefferson Blvd Los Angeles, CA 90016 www.5gyres.org 11 ARCTIC EXPEDITION 2016 CONCLUSION Our two-week Expedition has been successful from a research and community building perspective.
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