Energia 2012 Energi Energy

Energiatilasto Vuosikirja 2011 Energy Statistics Yearbook 2011

Energia 2012 Energi Energy

Energiatilasto Vuosikirja 2011 Energy Statistics Yearbook 2011

Helsinki – Helsingfors 2012 Tiedustelut – Förfrågningar – Inquiries:

Minna Niininen Mirja Pisto Leena Timonen 09 17 341 energia@tilastokeskus.fi www.tilastokeskus.fi /energia

Kansikuva – Pärmbild – Cover graphics: Jannis Mavrostomos

© 2012 Tilastokeskus – Statistikcentralen – Statistics Finland

Tietoja lainattaessa lähteenä on mainittava Tilastokeskus. Uppgifterna får lånas med uppgivande av Statistikcentralen som källa. Quoting is encouraged provided Statistics Finland is acknowledged as the source.

Julkaisun mukana on EnergiaCD, joka sisältää julkaisun pdf-muodossa, kaikki taulukot Excel-muodossa, kuvioita ja sanahaun. EnergiaCD:n käyttöoikeus on vain yhdelle. Sille on saatavissa myös verkkolisenssi, jonka hinta määräytyy käyttäjien lukumäärän mukaan. Yksi taskutilasto ”Energy in Finland” sisältyy julkaisun hintaan (ilmestyi keväällä 2011).

The publication is accompanied by an EnergyCD containing the publication in pdf format, all the tables in Excel format,and the fi gures and a keyword search function. The licence to use the EnergyCD is only for one person. A network licence is also obtainable and its price depends on the number of users. One copy of the ”Energy in Finland” pocket statistics in included in the price of the publication (published in spring 2011).

ISSN 1796–0479 = Suomen virallinen tilasto ISSN 1796–7015 (pdf) ISBN 978–952–244–369–4 (pdf) ISSN 0785–3165 (print) ISBN 978–952–244–335–9 (print)   Alkusanat

Energiatilasto-vuosikirjaan on koottu viimeisim- Vuosikirjan ovat laatineet yliaktuaarit Leena Ti- mät tiedot keskeisistä energia-alan osa-alueista monen, Minna Niininen, Kirsi-Marja Aalto, Bate kuten Suomen energian hankinnasta, kulutuksesta Ismail ja Kari Grönfors sekä tilastonlaatijat Tuula ja hinnoista sekä energian tuotannon ja kulutuksen Kyllönen ja Mirja Pisto. päästöistä. Julkaisusta löytyy myös runsaasti ver- tailutietoja muista EU-maista. Nyt ilmestyvä Energiatilasto-vuosikirja 2011 on viimeinen painettuna ilmestyvä julkaisu. Jatkossa Energiatilasto-vuosikirjaa täydentää mukana toi- tiedot julkaistaan Tilastokeskuksen internet- mitettu EnergiaCD, joka sisältää julkaisun taulu- sivuilla. kot, lisätaulukoita ja kuvia valmiina tulostettaviksi kalvoina. Helsingissä, Tilastokeskuksessa tammikuussa 2012 Energiatilastoon ovat tuottaneet tietoja useat yh- teistyökumppanit, joita Tilastokeskus kiittää hy- västä yhteistyöstä.

Leena Storgårds Tilastojohtaja

Foreword

The Energy Statistics Yearbook contains key sta- The Yearbook was compiled by Senior Statisti- tistical data on the different areas of the energy cians Leena Timonen, Minna Niininen, Kirsi- sector, such as supply and consumption of energy, Marja Aalto, Bate Ismail and Kari Grönfors as energy prices and emissions from production and well as assistant statisticians Tuula Kyllönen and use of energy in Finland. The publication includes Mirja Pisto. international comparison data from other EU countries. The now published Energy Statistics Yearbook 2011 is the last one issued as a printed publication. The publication includes the EnergyCD containing In future, the data will be released on Statistics all the tables and figures of the publication and Finland's web pages. additional information about the topic. Helsinki, Statistics Finland, January 2012 Statistics Finland gratefully acknowledges the co- operation of different bodies in the preparation of this compendium.

Leena Storgårds Director, Business Structures

Tilastokeskus 3 Sisältö sivu sivu Alkusanat ...... 3 3 Sähkö Energiatilasto Vuosikirja 2011 3.1 Sähkön hankinta ...... 61 1 Yleistä...... 8 3.2 Sähkön kulutus ...... 62 2 Energiatilaston tietolähteet ja peittävyys ...... 8 3.3 Sähkön hankinta energialähteittäin...... 64 3 Laadintaperusteet ...... 9 3.4 Sähkön ja lämmön tuotannon energialähteet...... 65 4 Kansainvälinen vertailtavuus...... 9 3.4.1 Sähkön tuotannon energialähteet ...... 65 5 Käsitteitä...... 10 3.4.2 Sähkön ja lämmön tuotanto sekä energialähteet 2010...... 66 Energiavuosi 2010 ...... 15 3.5 Sähköntuotantokapasiteetti Yksiköt ja muuntokertoimet ...... 26 huippukuormituskaudella ...... 68 Käytetyt symbolit ...... 27 3.6 Sähköntuotannon voimalaitoskapasiteetti, koneistojen nimellistehot vuoden alussa ...... 69 Tilastotaulukot 3.7 Voimalaitoskapasiteetin maksimiteho 1 Energian kokonaiskulutus energialähteittäin ...... 70 1.1 Energian kokonaiskulutus energialähteittäin ja 3.8 Sähkön kokonaiskulutuksen huipputeho ja hiilidioksidipäästöt ...... 28 suurin viikkokeskiteho ...... 71 1.2 Fossiilinen ja uusiutuva energia...... 29 3.9 Ilmoitetut ja rakenteilla olevat voimalaitos- 1.3 Energian kokonaiskulutus kapasiteetin lisäykset...... 72 energialähteittäin (TJ)...... 30 4 Kaukolämpö 1.4 Energian kokonaiskulutus 4.1 Kaukolämmön tuotanto ja kulutus...... 73 energialähteittäin (ktoe)...... 32 4.2 Kaukolämmön tuotannon polttoainekulutus...... 74 1.5 Energian kokonaiskulutus 4.3 Kaukolämpökapasiteetti ja liittymisteho energialähteittäin (%) ...... 34 (31.12.) ...... 75 1.6 Öljytuotteiden kokonaiskulutus energialähteenä ...... 36 5 Liikenteen energiankulutus 1.7 Primäärienergialähteet Suomessa ...... 38 5.1 Liikenteen energiankulutus (TJ)...... 76 1.8 Energian kulutus sektoreittain ...... 40 6 Teollisuuden energiankulutus 1.8.1 Energian kokonaiskulutus 6.1 Teollisuuden polttoaineiden ja energia- sektoreittain ...... 40 lähteiden kulutus ...... 78 1.8.2 Energian loppukäyttö sektoreittain...... 41 6.2 Teollisuuden sähkön kulutus toimialoittain...... 80 2 Eräiden polttoaineiden ja energialähteiden 7 Rakennusten lämmitysenergian kulutus kulutuksen jakautuminen 7.1 Asuin- ja palvelurakennusten lämmityksen 2.1 Raskaan polttoöljyn kulutus ...... 42 energialähteet ...... 82 2.2 Kevyen polttoöljyn kulutus ...... 44 7.2 Asuin- ja palvelurakennusten lämmityksen 2.3 Öljyn kokonaiskulutus...... 46 hyötyenergia ...... 83 2.4 Kivihiili, koksi, masuuni- ja koksikaasu...... 48 7.3 Rakennusten lämmityksen energialähteet 2.4.1 Kivihiilen kulutus ...... 48 rakennustyypeittäin ...... 84 2.4.2 Koksin tuotanto ja kulutus...... 49 7.4 Lämmitystarveluvut kalenterivuosittain...... 85 2.4.3 Masuuni- ja koksikaasun tuotanto ja 8 Asumisen energiankulutus käyttö...... 50 8.1 Asumisen energiankulutus energialähteittäin...... 86 2.5 Maakaasun kulutus ...... 51 9 Muiden sektoreiden energiankulutus 2.6 Teollisuuden reaktiolämmön käyttö ...... 52 9.1. Muu polttoainekulutus...... 88 2.7 Energiaturpeen tuotanto ja kulutus ...... 53 10 Öljynjalostus 2.8 Uusiutuvat energialähteet ...... 54 10.1 Öljynjalostamoiden syötöt ja tuotanto...... 90 2.9 Puupolttoaineet...... 56 2.10 Kierrätys- ja jätepolttoaineet...... 58 11 Energian tuonti ja vienti 2.11 Pientalojen lämpöpumput...... 60 11.1 Energian tuonti, määrä ja arvo...... 92 11.2 Energian vienti, määrä ja arvo...... 94

4 Tilastokeskus 11.3. Energian tuonti alkuperämaittain 2010 ...... 96 15.2 Julkinen energiatutkimus- ja koetoiminta- 11.4. Energian vienti kohdemaittain 2010 ...... 98 rahoitus rahoittajittain ...... 128 12 Energia ja päästöt 15.3 Julkinen energiatutkimus- ja koetoiminta- rahoitus tutkimusalueittain ...... 130 12.1 Rikkipäästöt polttoaineittain...... 100 12.2 Typen oksidien päästöt polttoaineittain...... 101 16 Kansainvälisiä energiatilastoja 12.3 Hiilidioksidipäästöt ...... 102 16.1 Energian kokonaiskulutus EU-maissa...... 132 12.3.1 Hiilidioksidipäästöt polttoaineittain ...... 102 16.2 Sähkön kulutus EU-maissa...... 133 12.3.2 Sähkön ja lämmön tuotannon 16.3 EU-maiden energian kulutuksen hiilidioksidipäästöt ...... 103 vertailu 2009 ...... 134 12.4 Hiukkaspäästöt polttoaineittain ...... 104 16.4 Energian kulutus energialähteittäin EU-maissa 2009 ...... 135 12.5 Radioaktiivisten aineiden päästöt ydinvoimalaitoksista...... 105 16.5 Sähkön tuotanto ja sähkön nettotuonti EU-maissa 2009 ...... 136 13 Energian hinnat 16.6 Sähkön ja lämmön yhteistuotanto ...... 137 13.1 Öljyn maailmanmarkkinahintoja ...... 106 16.6.1 Sähkön ja lämmön yhteistuotanto 13.2 Polttoaineiden ja sähkön keskimääräiset EU-maissa 2009 ...... 137 tuontihinnat ...... 108 16.6.2 Polttoaineiden kulutus sähkön ja lämmön 13.3 Polttonesteiden kuluttajahinnat...... 109 yhteistuotannossa EU-maissa 2009 ...... 138 13.4 Kivihiilen, maakaasun ja kotimaisten poltto- 16.7 Uusiutuva energia...... 139 aineiden käyttäjähinnat lämmöntuotannossa .... 111 16.7.1 Uusiutuvat energialähteet EU-maissa ... 139 13.5 Maakaasun veroton kokonaishinta ...... 112 16.7.2 Uusiutuvien energialähteiden osuus 13.6 Sähkön hinta...... 113 energian loppukulutuksesta...... 140 13.6.1 Sähkön kokonaishinta kuluttaja- 16.8 Energian hinnat EU-maissa ...... 141 tyypeittäin...... 113 16.8.1 Kaasun keskihinta EU-maissa...... 141 13.6.2 Sähköenergian hinta ...... 115 16.8.2 Sähkön kuluttajahintoja EU-maissa ...... 142 13.6.3 Sähkön siirtohinta...... 116 16.8.3 Polttonesteiden kuluttajahintoja EU- 13.6.4 Pohjoismaisen sähköpörssin spot- maissa tammikuun 9. päivänä 2012 ...... 143 hintoja hinta-alueittain...... 117 16.9 Kasvihuonekaasupäästöt EU-maissa...... 144 13.7 Kaukolämmön hinta kuluttajatyypeittäin ...... 118 16.9.1 Kasvihuonekaasupäästöt ilman maan- 13.8 Energiasopimuksissa sovellettavia indeksejä ....119 käytön muutoksia ja metsätaloutta ...... 144 14 Energiaverot 16.9.2 Polttoaineperäiset hiilidioksidipäästöt.... 145 14.1 Energiaverojen ja veroluonteisten maksujen 16.10 Öljyn tuotanto ja kulutus alueittain 2010 ...... 146 kertymät...... 120 16.11 Kaupallisten energialähteiden kulutus 14.2 Valmiste- ja arvonlisäverot sekä maailmassa ...... 147 veroluonteiset maksut eri energialähteiden kuluttajahinnoissa...... 121 Liite 1 Sähköntuotantokapasiteetti huippukuormitus- 14.3 Valmisteverot ...... 122 kaudella ...... 148 14.4 Eri energialähteiden kuluttajahintoihin sisältyneet veroluonteiset maksut...... 123 Liite 2 15 Julkinen rahoitus Ulkomaankauppatilaston energianimikkeet ...... 150 15.1 Energiainvestointien julkinen rahoitus ...... 124

Tilastokeskus 5 Contents page page Foreword ...... 3 3.3 Electricity generation by energy sources...... 64 3.4 Energy sources in heat and power production..... 65 Energy Statistics Yearbook 2011 3.4.1 Energy sources in electricity 1 General ...... 13 generation...... 65 2 Data sources and coverage of 3.4.2 Heat and power production and Energy Statistics ...... 13 energy sources 2010...... 66 3 Statistics principles...... 13 3.5 Electricity generation capacity 4 International comparability...... 14 in peak load period ...... 68 5 Concepts ...... 14 3.6 Capacity of electricity generation, nominal Energy Year 2010 ...... 24 capacity of production engines at beginning of year...... 69 Units and conversion factors ...... 26 3.7 Maximum power of power stations Explanation of symbols ...... 27 capacity by energy source… ...... 70 Statistical tables 3.8 Peak power and the highest weekly average power of total electricity consumption ...... 71 1 Total energy consumption 3.9 Additions to the power plant capacity 1.1 Total energy consumption by energy source and agreed upon and under construction...... 72 carbon dioxide emissions...... 28 4 District heat 1.2 Fossil fuels and renewables ...... 29 4.1 Production and consumption of district heat ...... 73 1.3 Total energy consumption by energy 4.2 Fuel consumption in production of district heat . 74 source (TJ)...... 30 4.3 District heat capacity and connected 1.4 Total energy consumption by energy heat load (31 December) ...... 75 source (ktoe) ...... 32 1.5 Total energy consumption by energy 5 Energy consumption in transport source (%)...... 34 5.1 Energy consumption in transport (TJ)...... 76 1.6 Total energy consumption of oil products ...... 36 6 Energy consumption in industry 1.7 Primary energy sources in Finland ...... 38 6.1 Fuel and other energy commodities 1.8 Energy consumption by sector...... 40 consumption in industry ...... 78 1.8.1 Total energy consumption by sector...... 40 6.2 Electricity consumption by branch of 1.8.2 Final energy consumption by sector...... 41 industry ...... 80 2 Consumption of some fuels and energy sources 7 Consumption of energy for space heating 2.1 Consumption of heavy fuel oil ...... 42 7.1 Energy sources for heating residential, 2.2 Consumption of light fuel oil...... 44 commercial and public buildings...... 82 2.3 Total oil consumption...... 46 7.2. Net effective heating energy of residential, 2.4 Coal, coke, blast furnace gas and coke oven commercial and public buildings...... 83 gas…...... 48 7.3 Energy sources for space heating by 2.4.1 Consumption of hard coal ...... 48 type of building ...... 84 2.4.2 Production and consumption of 7.4. Degree days per calendar year...... 85 coke ...... 49 8 Energy consumption in housing 2.4.3 Production and use of blast furnace gas 8.1 Energy consumption in housing by energy and coke oven gas...... 50 source ...... 86 2.5 Natural gas consumption ...... 51 9 Energy consumption in other sectors 2.6 Use of industrial reaction heat ...... 52 9.1 Other fuel consumption...... 88 2.7 Production and consumption of peat fuel ...... 53 2.8 Renewable energy sources...... 54 10 Oil refining 2.9 Wood fuels ...... 56 10.1 Refinery feedstocks and production ...... 90 2.10 Recycled and waste fuels...... 58 11 Imports and exports of energy 2.11 Heat pumps of detached houses...... 60 11.1 Energy imports, volume and value...... 92 3 Electricity 11.2 Energy exports, volume and value ...... 94 3.1 Supplies and total consumption of electricity...... 61 11.3 Energy imports by country of origin 2010 ...... 96 3.2 Electricity consumption...... 62 11.4 Energy exports by country of destination 2010 ...98

6 Tilastokeskus 12 Energy and the emissions 16 International energy statistics 12.1 Sulphur emissions by fuels...... 100 16.1 Total primary energy supply 12.2 Nitrogen oxide emissions from energy in EU countries...... 132 production and consumption ...... 101 16.2 Electricity consumption in EU countries...... 133 12.3 Carbon dioxide emissions...... 102 16.3 Comparison of energy consumption 12.3.1 Carbon dioxide emissions in EU countries 2009 ...... 134 by fuels ...... 102 16.4 Energy consumption by energy source 12.3.2 Carbon dioxide emissions from in EU countries 2009 ...... 135 heat and power production ...... 103 16.5 Electricity generation and net imports of 12.4 Particle emissions by fuels...... 104 electricity in EU countries 2009 ...... 136 12.5 Radioactive release from nuclear power 16.6 Combined heat and power production...... 137 plants ...... 105 16.6.1 Combined heat and power production 13 Energy prices in EU countries 2009...... 137 13.1 World-market prices for oil ...... 106 16.6.2 Fuel use in combined heat and power 13.2 Average import prices of fuels and production in EU countries 2009...... 138 electricity...... 108 16.7 Renewable energy ...... 139 13.3 Consumer prices of liquid fuels...... 109 16.7.1 Renewable energy sources 13.4 Consumer prices of hard coal, natural in EU countries...... 139 gas and indigenous fuels in heat production...... 111 16.7.2 Share of renewables to final energy 13.5 Total price of natural gas exempt in EU countries...... 140 from taxes...... 112 16.8 Energy prices in EU countries...... 141 13.6 Electricity price...... 113 16.8.1 Average price of gas 13.6.1 Total price of electricity by type in EU countries...... 141 consumer ...... 113 16.8.2 Consumer prices of electricity 13.6.2 Prices of electrical energy ...... 115 in EU countries...... 142 13.6.3 Prices of transmission of 16.8.3 Consumer prices of liquid fuels in EU electricity...... 116 countries on 9 January 2012 ...... 143 13.6.4 Spot prices of the Nordic power 16.9 Greenhouse gas emissions in EU countries .... 144 exchange, NordPool by price area...... 117 16.9.1 Greenhouse gas emissions 13.7 Price of district heating by type of excluding land-use change consumer ...... 118 and forestry...... 144 13.8 Indices applied in energy contracts...... 119 16.9.2 Carbon dioxide emissions from fuel combustion ...... 145 14 Energy taxes 16.10 Production and consumption of oil 14.1 Revenues and energy taxes and some fiscal according to region 2010...... 146 charges and fees...... 120 16.11 Consumption of commercial energy 14.2 Excise taxes, value added taxes and fiscal sources in the world...... 147 charges and fees included in consumer prices of some energy sources ...... 121 Appendix 1 14.3 Excise taxes ...... 122 Electricity generation capacity in peak load period...... 149 14.4 Fiscal charges and fees included in consumer prices of some energy sources...... 123 Appendix 2 15 Public financing Energy items in foreign trade statistics...... 151 15.1 Public finance for energy investments...... 124 15.2 Government energy research, development and demonstration expediture by source of finance ...... 128 15.3 Government energy research, development and demonstration expenditure by research area ...... 130

Tilastokeskus 7 Energiatilasto

1 Yleistä

Energiatilasto on vuosittain ilmestyvä kokooma- Suomea koskevien tilastotietojen lisäksi julkai- julkaisu, johon on koottu energia-alan keskeisiä sussa on vertailutietoja muista EU- ja OECD- tilastotietoja useista eri lähteistä. Julkaisun tavoit- maista. teena on antaa kokonaiskuva Suomen energiasek- Energiatilaston mukana on EnergiaCD, josta torin toiminnasta ja kehityksestä vuodesta löytyy julkaisun tiedot Excel-taulukkoina, julkai- 1970 lähtien. Julkaisu sisältää tietoa Suomen ener- sun sisältöä täydentävää lisätietoa kuvioina ja gian kokonaiskulutuksesta, loppukulutuksesta, aikasarjoina aina vuodesta 1960 alkaen sekä teks- sähkön ja lämmön tuotannosta, energiatuotteiden teinä kolmella eri kielellä. Julkaisuun liittyy myös tuonnista ja viennistä, energian hinnoista ja verois- englanninkielinen Energy in Finland -taskutilasto. ta sekä julkisesta rahoituksesta. Julkaisusta löytyy Energiatilasto on tarkoitettu yhteiskunnallisen myös tuoretta tietoa energian tuotannon ja kulu- päätöksenteon, yritysten ja etujärjestöjen sekä tuksen aiheuttamista ilmapäästöistä, joita seurataan tutkimuksen tarpeisiin, mutta tietoa löytyy myös kansainvälisten sopimusten mukaisesti. kaikille energia- ja ympäristöasioista kiinnostu- neille. 2 Tietolähteet ja peittävyys

Energiatilaston laadinnassa hyödynnetään runsaas- tuksessa käytetyn primäärienergian. Energian ko- ti useista eri lähteistä saatavia tilastotietoja. Kes- konaiskulutus- ja tuotantotiedot antavat luotettavan keisiä tiedonantajia ovat energia-alaa ja elinkei- kokonaiskuvan maamme energian käytöstä ener- noelämää palvelevat järjestöt ja liitot. Tietolähtei- gialähteittäin. Energialähteiden tai energialajien nä käytetään myös huomattavassa määrin muiden jakautumat eri sektoreille ovat osittain arvioituja viranomaisten ja tutkimuslaitosten keräämiä tieto- sekä uusimman vuoden osalta ennakollisia. ja. Eri lähteistä saatavia tietoja yhdistellään keske- Polttoaineiden ja energialähteiden eri sektorei- nään tai niiden kattavuutta parannetaan tarpeen den kulutustiedot perustuvat usein monista eri mukaan mm. Tilastokeskuksen omien kyselyiden lähteistä saataviin tietoihin, jolloin kokoomataulu- kautta saatavilla tiedoilla. Osa tiedoista perustuu koissa ja energiataseissa tietoja joudutaan sovitta- myös laskentamalleilla tuotettuihin tai harvemmin maan yhteen. Joissakin tapauksissa eri lähteistä kuin kerran vuodessa tehtäviin erillisselvityksiin. saatavat tiedot ovat keskenään ristiriitaisia ja näin Tiedonantajat, joiden tietoja on käytetty julkaisun ollen eri taulukoiden tiedot eivät aina vastaa toisi- laadinnassa, ilmenevät kunkin taulukon alaviit- aan. teessä. Energian kulutustietoja on saatavilla Suomessa Energian kokonaiskulutus kuvaa kotimaisten vuodesta 1970 lähtien. Tilastollisia aikasarjoja energialähteiden ja tuontienergian yhteismitallista pyritään päivittämään aina taaksepäin tilastoinnin kokonaiskulutusta Suomessa. Energian kokonais- perusteissa tapahtuneiden muutosten yhteydessä. kulutus sisältää energian tuotantoon ja jalostuk- Tiedot saattavat myös tarkentua taaksepäin silloin, seen käytetyt polttoaineet sekä suoraan loppukulu- kun erillisistä selvitystöistä saadaan uutta tietoa.

8 Tilastokeskus 3 Laadintaperusteet

Laskettaessa energian kokonaiskulutusta tai ver- tamiseen. EnergiaCD:llä on kaukolämmön ja säh- tailtaessa eri energialähteiden kulutusta keskenään kön yhteistuotannon polttoaineet jaettuna myös nk. muunnetaan eri energialähteet yhteismitallisiksi. hyödynjakomenetelmällä. Energian kokonaiskulutuksen määrä on siten riip- Teollisuus käsittää luvussa 6 vuosina 2000– puvainen tilastoinnissa omaksutusta käytännöstä. 2007 toimialaluokitus 2002 mukaisesti perusteolli- Tässä tilastossa polttoaineet on muunnettu yhteis- suuden (toimiala D) ja kaivannaisteollisuuden mitalliseksi energiaksi käyttäen kullekin polttoai- (toimiala C) sekä vuosina 2008–2010 toimiala- neelle tyypillistä tehollista lämpöarvoa. Polttoai- luokitus 2008 mukaisesti teollisuus- (toimiala C) neiden lämpöarvot ja muuntokertoimet on esitetty sekä kaivostoiminta ja louhinta -sektorit (toimiala julkaisun alussa ja EnergiaCD:llä. B). Teollisuuden polttoaineiden kulutusta kuvaava Energian kokonaiskulutusta laskettaessa vesi- taulukko sisältää teollisuuden sähkön ja lämmön ja tuulivoima sekä tuontisähkö yhteismitallistetaan tuotannon, tuotantoprosessien sekä teollisuusra- suoraan muihin primäärienergialähteisiin. Ydin- kennusten lämmityksen polttoaineet. Lukuihin ei energia lasketaan tuotetusta sähköstä 33 prosentin sisälly energiayhtiöiden sähkön ja lämmön tuotan- hyötysuhteen avulla, mikä vastaa keskimääräistä toon käytettyjä polttoaineita. Tärkeimpien poltto- ydinvoimalan kokonaishyötysuhdetta. Edellä esite- aineiden jakautuminen kulutussektoreille on esitet- tyt laskentatavat vastaavat myös kansainvälistä ty luvun 2 taulukoissa. Teollisuuden polttoainei- tilastokäytäntöä (EU:n komission tilastovirasto den osuus on arvioitu näissä useiden eri lähteiden Eurostat, kansainvälinen energiajärjestö IEA). perusteella. Energian loppukäyttö mittaa energiatuotteiden Teollisuustoimialojen energiankäytöstä löytyy eli sähkön, lämmön, liikennepolttoaineiden ja teol- EnergiaCD:ltä erillinen taulukko (6.3), joka perus- lisuuden prosessipolttoaineiden kulutusta sekto- tuu vuosilta 1990–2000 tehtyyn toimipaikkakoh- reittain ilman energian siirrossa ja muunnossa taiseen selvitykseen. Tiedot eroavat taulukon 6.1 syntyviä häviötä. tiedoista mm. koska sektorirajaukset eivät noudata Laskettaessa erikseen sähkön ja lämmön tuo- samaa toimiala- ja sektorijaottelua. Aineistoissa on tannon polttoaineita joudutaan polttoaineet jaka- lisäksi eroja kattavuudessa ja luokituksissa. maan sähkölle ja lämmölle myös yhteistuotannon Asumisen energiankulutus tilastotiedot (tau- osalta. Jako on tehty vuodesta 2000 alkaen nk. lukko 8.1) tuotetaan mallien avulla. Mallien perus- energiamenetelmällä, jossa polttoaineet jaetaan tana on Väestörekisterikeskuksen ylläpitämä asun- sähkölle ja lämmölle tuotettujen energioiden suh- to- ja rakennuskanta. Asumisen laitteiden eli säh- teessa. Vanhemmissa tiedoissa jakomenetelmän kölaitteiden, valaistuksen ja ruoan valmistuksen pääperiaatteena on kohdistaa lämmölle vaihtoeh- energiankulutuksen laskenta pohjautuu Kotitalo- toisen erillistuotannon polttoaineiden määrä ja uksien sähkönkäyttötutkimuksen tietoihin. sähkölle lisäpolttoaine, joka tarvitaan sähkön tuot- 4 Kansainvälinen vertailtavuus

EU:n komission tilastovirasto Eurostat ja kansain- tointikäytäntö edellyttää. Yhteistuotantosähköksi välinen energiajärjestö IEA ovat keskeisiä kan- lasketaan energiatilastoissa vain todellista lämpö- sainvälisten energiatilastojen kokoajia ja tuottajia. kuormaa vastaava osuus sähköntuotannosta. Säh- Tilastotietojen vertailtavuus kansainvälisiin tilas- kön ja lämmön erillistuotanto erotetaan tällöin toihin on hyvä yhtenäisten tilastointiperiaatteiden laitoskohtaisesti yhteistuotannosta. EU:n parla- noudattamisesta johtuen. Erot energiatilastojen mentti ja neuvosto antoi helmikuussa 2004 sähkön osalta ovat pääasiassa sähkön ja lämmön tuottajien ja lämmön yhteistuotannon edistämisestä koske- luokituksissa sekä yksittäisissä määrittelyissä ja van direktiivin, joka sisältää yhteistuotantoon liit- rajauksissa. tyviä, aiempaa tarkempia määritelmiä. Määritelmät Sähkön ja lämmön yhteistuotanto tilastoidaan eivät kuitenkaan täysin vastaa kansallisesti käytös- Suomessa tarkemmin kuin kansainvälinen tilas- sä olevia.

Tilastokeskus 9 5 Käsitteitä

Seuraavaan lukuun on koottu määritelmiä keskei- Sähkön erillistuotanto kaasuturbiineilla ja polttomootto- sistä energiatilastoihin liittyvistä käsitteistä. Lisää reilla kuuluu myös lauhdevoimaan. Nämä koneistot käsitteitä löytyy Tilastokeskuksen energia- toimivat yleensä huippu- ja varavoiman tuotantoyksik- aihealueen kotisivulta osoitteesta: köinä. www.tilastokeskus.fi/energia Sähkön ja lämmön yhteistuotanto Energiatilastoissa, kasvihuonekaasujen inventaari- Sähkön ja lämmön yhteistuotantomuoto, jossa vastapai- ossa ja päästökauppaselvityksessä käytettävä voi- ne- tai väliottohöyry käytetään hyväksi kauko- tai pro- massa oleva polttoaineluokitus kuvauksineen on sessilämpönä. Tähän sisältyy lisäksi sähköntuotanto saatavilla osoitteessa: moottoreilla tai kaasuturbiinikäyttöisillä tuotantokoneis- www.tilastokeskus.fi/polttoaineluokitus toilla, joiden pakokaasujen tai jäähdytysveden lämpöä hyödynnetään energialähteenä. Sähkön ja lämmön tuotanto Yhteistuotanto, teollisuus Tavallinen lauhdevoima Sähkön ja lämmön yhteistuotanto, jossa tuotettu lämpö Tavalliseen lauhdevoimaan sisältyy sähköntuotanto käytetään hyväksi teollisessa tuotannossa. pelkästään sähköntuotantoon suunnitelluissa lämpö- Yhteistuotanto, kaukolämpö voimalaitoksessa. Lisäksi lauhdevoimaan sisältyy yh- Sähkön ja lämmön yhteistuotanto, jossa tuotettu lämpö teistuotantolaitoksissa pienen lämpökuorman aikana hyödynnetään kaukolämpönä rakennusten lämmitykses- ajokohtaisesti erotettu lauhdekuormaa vastaava sähkön- sä. tuotanto sekä sähkön lisätuotanto apulauhduttimilla.

Energistatistik

1 Allmänt

Energistatistik är en årligen utkommande publika- Förutom statistikuppgifterna om Finland ingår tion som innehåller viktiga uppgifter om energi- det ett stort antal internationella uppgifter för en branschen, som samlats ur olika källor. Avsikten jämförelse med de övriga EU-länderna och är att ge en helhetsbild av verksamheten och ut- OECD-länderna. vecklingen inom energisektorn i Finland fr.o.m. år Energistatistiken innehåller en cd-rom, som har 1970. Publikationen innehåller information om publikationens statistiktabeller i Excel-format samt den totala energiförbrukningen i Finland, om den kompletterande tilläggsinformation i form av figu- slutliga förbrukningen, om el- och värmeproduk- rer, tidsserier och texter på tre språk. Publikationen tionen, om import och export av energivaror, om har också som bilaga en fickstatistik på engelska, energipriser och skatter samt om offentlig finansie- Energy in Finland. ring. Dessutom ingår de senaste uppgifterna om Energistatistiken är avsedd för det internatio- luftutsläpp som uppkommer vid energiproduktio- nella beslutsfattandet, företagen och intresseorga- nen och förbrukningen och som man följer upp i nisationer samt forskningen, men också för alla enlighet med internationella förpliktelser. dem som är intresserade av energi- och miljöfrå- gor.

2 Uppgiftskällor och täckning

I publikationen Energistatistik utnyttjas ett stort sammanslutningar som betjänar energibranschen antal uppgifter som erhålls ur flera olika källor. och näringslivet. Som uppgiftskällor används ock- Viktiga uppgiftslämnare är organisationer och så i en betydande utsträckning uppgifter som

10 Tilastokeskus samlats in av andra myndigheter och forskningsin- Uppgifterna om förbrukningen av bränslen och stitut. De uppgifter som fås ur olika källor kombi- energikällor inom de olika sektorerna bygger ofta neras eller också förbättras deras täckning enligt på uppgifter som erhålls ur olika källor och man är behov bl.a. genom Statistikcentralens egna enkä- då tvungen att sammanstämma uppgifterna i sam- ter. En del av uppgifterna bygger på separata ut- lingstabeller och energibalanser. I vissa fall är redningar som produceras med hjälp av kalkylmo- uppgifterna ur olika källor sinsemellan motstridiga deller eller som görs mera sällan än årligen. De och då motsvarar uppgifterna i de olika tabellerna som lämnat uppgifter för publikationen nämns i inte alltid varandra. fotnoterna till tabellerna. Uppgifter om energiförbrukning är tillgängliga Totalförbrukningen av energi beskriver total- i Finland fr.o.m. år 1970. Vi strävar efter att upp- förbrukningen av de inhemska energikällorna och datera de statistiska tidsserierna bakåt alltid när det importenergin i Finland omvandlade så att de blir sker förändringar i statistikföringsgrunderna. För- jämförbara. Den totala energiförbrukningen omfat- ändringarna i bränsleklassificeringarna har särskilt tar de bränslen som använts för energiproduktion påverkat definitionen av bland- och returbränslen. och -förädling av energi samt den primärenergi Uppgifterna kan också preciseras retroaktivt i och som använts direkt i slutanvändningen. Uppgifter- med nya uppgifter som framkommer i fristående na om totalförbrukning och produktion ger en utredningar. tillförlitlig helhetsbild av energianvändningen i Finland efter energikälla. Fördelningen av energi- källor eller energislag på olika sektorer är delvis estimerade och när det gäller det senaste året pre- liminära. 3 Beräkningsgrunder

Då totalförbrukningen av energi beräknas eller då när det gäller kombinerad produktion är att inrikta förbrukningen av olika energikällor jämförs sins- mängden bränsle i alternativ separat produktion på emellan måste energikällorna omvandlas så att de värmen och det tilläggsbränsle som behövs för blir jämförbara. Den totala mängden beror sålunda produktion av elektricitet på elektriciteten. För på de metoder som tillämpas vid statistikföringen. värmeproduktionens del utgår uppskattningen från I denna statistik har jämförbarheten uppnåtts ge- ett nyttoförhållande på 90 procent. I beräkningarna nom de effektiva värmevärdena för olika bränslen. normeras nyttoförhållandena per anläggning för att Värmevärdena och omvandlingskoefficienterna för de skall motsvara de bränslemängder som använts. olika bränslen ges i början av publikationen och på Ett parallellt kalkylsätt för fördelningssättet av cd-romskivan. bränslen, som baserar sig på den s.k. nyttofördel- Vid beräkning av den totala energiförbrukning- ningsprincipen, kommer att införas. Där fördelas en görs vattenkraft, vindkraft och importen av den nytta som erhållits med samproduktion jäm- elektricitet direkt kommensurabla med andra pri- fört med särproduktion jämnt mellan elektricitet mära energikällor. Kärnkraften beräknas i elpro- och värme. duktionen med hjälp av en verkningsgrad på 33 Industri omfattar i kapitel 6 åren 2000–2007 procent, vilket motsvarar en genomsnittlig verk- basindustrin (näringsgren D) samt gruvdrift och ningsgrad för ett kärnkraftverk. Beräkningsmeto- utvinning av mineral (näringsgren C) enligt när- derna följer också internationell statistikförings- ingsgrensindelningen 2002 samt åren 2008–2010 praxis (Eurostat, IEA). sektorerna tillverkning (näringsgren C) och utvin- Slutanvändningen av energi mäter förbrukning- ning av mineral (näringsgren B) enligt närings- en av energiprodukter, dvs. elektricitet, värme, grensindelningen 2008. I siffrorna ingår inte de trafikbränslen och processbränslen för industrin bränslen som använts för el- och efter sektor utan det svinn som uppstår vid överfö- värmeproduktionen inom energibranschen. För- ring och omvandling av energi. delningen av de viktigaste bränslen på konsum- Vid separat beräkning av bränslen för produk- tionssektorer framgår av tabellerna i kapitel 2. tion av el och värme är man tvungen att fördela Industrins andel av bränslen har uppskattats på bränslena på el och värme också när det gäller basis av flera olika källor. kombinerad produktion. Utgångspunkten för den metod som nuförtiden tillämpas i energistatistiken

Tilastokeskus 11 Energianvändningen inom industrinäringar an- De statistiska uppgifterna om energiförbruk- ges på cd-romskivan i en separat tabell (6.3), som ningen inom boende (tabell 8.1) produceras med bygger på en utredning efter arbetsställe för åren hjälp av modeller. Modellerna baserar sig på upp- 1990–2000. Resultaten avviker från uppgifterna i gifter om bostads- och byggnadsbeståndet som tabell 6.1 bl.a. på grund av att sektoravgränsning- erhålls från Befolkningsregistercentralen. Beräk- arna inte följer samma näringsgrens- och sektorin- ningen av energiförbrukningen för apparater inom delning. Materialet har dessutom skillnader i täck- boende, dvs. elapparater, apparater för belysning ning och klassificeringar. och matlagning, baserar sig på uppgifter från un- dersökningen om hushållens elförbrukning. 4 Internationell jämförbarhet

Internationella energiuppgifter samlas in och pub- kombinerad produktion av elektricitet hör i energi- liceras av bl.a. EU:s statistikverk Eurostat och statistiken bara den del av el-produktionen som OECD:s energiorganisation International Energy motsvarar den faktiska värmepåfrestningen. Den Agency (IEA). Jämförbarheten med internationell separata produktionen av el och värme särskiljs statistik är god på grund av att man tillämpar en- anläggningsvis ur den kombinerade produktionen. hetliga statistikföringsprinciper. Skillnaderna i EU:s parlament och råd har i februari 2004 utfär- energistatistiken gäller huvudsakligen el- och vär- dat ett direktiv för främjandet av samproduktionen meproducenternas klassificeringar samt enskilda av elektricitet och värme, som innehåller exaktare definitioner och avgränsningar. definitioner än tidigare på samproduktion. Defini- I Finland statistikförs kombinerad produktion tionerna motsvarar dock inte helt de nationella av elektricitet och värme noggrannare än vad som definitionerna. förutsätts enligt internationell statistikpraxis. Till 5 Begrepp

Nedan sammanställs definitionerna på de viktigas- Kombinerad produktion av elektricitet och värme te begrepp. Detta avser kombinerad produktion av elektricitet och Produktion av elektricitet och värme värme, där mottrycket eller mellanuttagsånga utnyttjas som fjärr- eller processvärme samt produktion av elekt- Vanlig kondenskraft ricitet i motorer eller gasturbindrivna produktionsma- Vanlig kondenskraft omfattar produktion av elektricitet skinerier, där värmen i avgaserna eller avkylningsvatten i värmekraftverk som är avsedda bara för produktion av utnyttjas som energikälla. elektricitet. Kondenskraften omfattar också liten pro- duktion av elektricitet som motsvarar den kondens- Kombinerad produktion, industrin mängd som per körning separeras från värmemängden i Kombinerad produktion av elektricitet och värme, där kombinationskraftverk samt produktion av tilläggs- värmen utnyttjas inom industrin. elektricitet med hjälpkondensorer. Kombinerad produktion, fjärrvärme Kondenskraften omfattar också separat produktion av Kombinerad produktion av elektricitet och värme, där elektricitet med gasturbiner och -motorer. Denna ma- den producerade värmen utnyttjas som fjärrvärme för skinerierna fungerar i allmänhet som produktionsenhe- uppvärmning av byggnader. ter för topp- och reservkraft.

12 Tilastokeskus Energy Statistics

1 General

Energy Statistics is an annual publication contain- Besides statistics concerning Finland, the pub- ing essential statistical data on the energy sector lication also presents comparative international compiled from several sources. The publication data from other EU and OECD countries. aims to provide a general view of how the Finnish The Energy Statistics publication is accompa- energy sector has operated and developed since nied by the EnergyCD containing the data of the 1970. It contains collected information on the pro- publication as Excel tables and additional informa- duction and consumption of energy, imports and tion supplementing the content of the publication exports of energy products, prices and taxes of as graphs, time series and text in three languages. energy and its public financing in Finland. The The publication also includes the Energy in publication also comprises recent data on air emis- Finland pocket statistics in English. sions caused by production and consumption of Energy Statistics is intended for the needs of energy, which are monitored in accordance with social decision-making, enterprises, interest groups international obligations. and research, but it also contains information for all those interested in energy and environmental matters. 2 Data sources and coverage

Statistical data from several different sources are data on total consumption and production of utilised in the compilation of Energy Statistics. energy give a comprehensive picture of Finnish Central data suppliers are organisations and asso- energy consumption by energy source. Divisions ciations serving the energy sector and business of energy sources or types to different sectors are life. Data collected by other authorities and re- partly estimated and preliminary for the latest year. search institutes are also utilised to a great extent For fuel and energy sources, the data on con- as data sources. Data acquired from different sumption in different sectors are based on several sources are combined with one another or their sources, for which reason data need to be made coverage is improved with data obtained by Statis- compatible in collected tables and energy balan- tics Finland's inquiries, for example. Some of the ces. In some cases data from different sources are data are based on special surveys produced with contradictory and therefore the data of different calculation models or less frequently than once a tables do not always correspond to one another. year. The sources from which the data have been Data on energy consumption are available from acquired in compiling this publication are given in Finland since 1970. Statistical time series are up- the footnotes for each relevant table. dated backwards whenever the statistical methodo- Total energy consumption describes the com- logy changes. The data may also be adjusted ret- mensurable total consumption of domestic energy rospectively through information obtained from sources and imported energy in Finland. Total separate studies. For example, the classification of energy consumption includes the fuels used for the mixed and recycled fuels has been specified from production and refining of energy and the primary 2000 onwards and the data have been retrospecti- energy used directly in final consumption. The vely adjusted from 1990.

3 Statistical principles

In order to calculate the total energy consumption able. The total consumption of energy thus de- or to compare the consumption of different energy pends on the practice observed in the compilation sources, the sources must be made commensur- of the statistics. In the present statistics fuels

Tilastokeskus 13 have been made commensurable with the net calo- district heat calculated with the benefit allocation rific value typical for each fuel. The net calorific method can be found on the EnergyCD. values and conversion factors for different fuels In the 2000–2007 period, manufacturing in are given at the beginning of the publication and section 6 comprises the categories of manufactur- on the EnergyCD. ing (D) and mining and quarrying (C) in When calculating total energy consumption, accordance with the Standard Industrial hydro and wind power and net imported electricity Classification TOL 2002 and in the 2008–2010 are made commensurable with other primary en- period the categories of manufacturing (C) and ergy sources directly. Nuclear power is calculated mining and quarrying (B) in accordance with the from electricity produced for total energy by the Standard Industrial Classification TOL 2008. The efficiency ratio of 33 per cent, which corresponds table includes the fuels for the production of elec- to the average total efficiency ratio of a nuclear tricity and heat, production processes and heating power plant. The calculation methods presented of industrial buildings. The figures exclude fuels above are also in accordance with the international used in the energy sector. The breakdown of major statistical practice (Eurostat, the Statistical Office fuels to the consumer sectors is given in the tables of the European Communities, and the Interna- in Section 2. There the proportion of industry is tional Energy Agency, IEA). estimated on the basis of several different sources. Final consumption of energy measures the con- The EnergyCD has a separate table (6.3) on sumption of energy products, i.e. electricity, heat, energy consumption in industry, which is based on traffic fuels and industrial process fuels by sector an establishment-specific survey carried out for the without the loss generated by the transmission and years 1990 to 2000. The results differ from the transformation of energy. data in table 6.1 because the sector definitions do The allocation of the fuels in combined heat not follow the same industrial and sector classifi- and power production for electricity and heat is cations, for example. There are also differences in needed in the calculation of energy statistics. Since the coverage and classifications of the data. 2000, fuels used in combined heat and power Statistical data on energy consumption in hou- production have been allocated to electricity and sing (Table 8.1) are produced by means of models. heat according to their ratios of production (energy The models are based on the stock of dwellings method). Up to 1999, the starting point of the and buildings maintained by the Population Regis- method is that the amount of fuels in alternative ter Centre. The calculation of energy consumption separate production is allocated to heat and the of household appliances, that is, electrical equip- additional fuel needed for electricity generation to ment, lighting and cooking, is based on data from electricity. Data on fuels used for electricity and a survey on households' electricity use. 4 International comparability International energy data are collected and pub- and power production comprises only the share of lished by Eurostat, the Statistical Office of the electricity production corresponding to the actual European Communities, and by the International thermal stress. Thus separate production of heat Energy Agency (IEA). The comparability of statis- and power is distinguished at each power plant tical data with international statistics is good due from combined heat and power production. In to compliance with uniform statistical principles. February 2004 the EU’s Parliament and Council The differences mainly concern classifications of submitted a directive on the promotion of cogene- electricity and heat producers and individual speci- ration, which contains more precise specifications fications and definitions. related to combined heat and power production In Finland, more accurate statistics are com- than previously. The specifications do not, how- piled on combined heat and power production ever, correspond fully to the ones used nationally (CHP) than required by the international statistical in Finland. practice. In Finland electricity from combined heat 5 Concepts Definitions for some key concepts used in the Information on the energy statistics produced by tables of the publication can be found on the Statistics Finland is available on Statistics EnergyCD. Finland’s website at: www.stat.fi/energy

14 Tilastokeskus Energiavuosi 2010

Energian kokonaiskulutus ja loppukäyttö sekä energian tuotannon ja kulutuksen hiilidioksidipäästöt 1990–2010 7RWDODQYlQGQLQJRFKVOXWDQYlQGQLQJDYHQHUJLVDPWNROGLR[LGXWVOlSSIUnQ HQHUJLSURGXNWLRQRFKI|UEUXNQLQJ± Total energy consumption, final energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions from energy production and consumption 1990–2010

3-  



 



 



 (QHUJLDQORSSXNl\WW|±)LQDOHQHUJ\FRQVXPSWLRQ  .RNRQDLVNXOXWXV±7RWDOHQHUJ\FRQVXPSWLRQ  +LLOLGLRNVLGLSllVW|W±&DUERQGLR[LGHHPLVVLRQV

                      

    Energian kokonaiskulutus kasvoi 10 prosenttia vuonna 2010 Vuonna 2010 energian kokonaiskulutus Suomessa oli energian käytön kasvuun. Uusiutuvan energian käyttö 1,46 miljoonaa terajoulea (TJ). Kasvua edelliseen vuo- kasvoi 16 prosenttia ja fossiilisten polttoaineiden käyttö teen verrattuna oli kymmenen prosenttia. 11 prosenttia. Teollisuustuotannon elpyminen lisäsi energiankulu- Energian tuotannon ja käytön hiilidioksidipäästöt tusta vuonna 2010. Kulutuksen nousuun vaikutti erityi- olivat 59,1 miljoonaa hiilidioksiditonnia vuonna 2010. sesti energiavaltaisten teollisuudenalojen eli metsä-, Polttoaineiden käytöstä johtuneet päästöt kasvoivat 15 kemian- ja metallinjalostusteollisuuden tuotannon kas- prosenttia vuodesta 2009. vu. Metsäteollisuus on teollisuuden suurin sähkönkäyt- Sähköä käytettiin kahdeksan prosenttia enemmän täjä ja merkittävin uusiutuvan energian käyttäjä. Metsä- kuin vuotta aiemmin, 87,7 terawattituntia (TWh). Säh- teollisuuden elpyminen vaikutti myös uusiutuvan kön kulutus kasvoi teollisuudessa ja rakennusten läm- mityksessä. 

Tilastokeskus 15 Energian kokonaiskulutus ja loppukäyttö 1970–2010 7RWDOI|UEUXNQLQJRFKVOXWI|UEUXNQLQJDYHQHUJL± Total energy consumption and final energy consumption 1970–2010

3-  .RNRQDLVNXOXWXV±  7RWDOHQHUJ\FRQVXPSWLRQ (QHUJLDQORSSXNl\WW|±  )LQDOHQHUJ\FRQVXPSWLRQ 0XXW±2WKHUV   5DNHQQXVWHQOlPPLW\V± 6SDFHKHDWLQJ  /LLNHQQH±7UDQVSRUW    7HROOLVXXV±,QGXVWU\ 



              Energia- ja sähköintensiteetti 1970–2010 (QHUJLRFKHOLQWHQVLWHW± Energy and electricity intensity 1970–2010  *-¼ N:K¼  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 (QHUJLDLQWHQVLWHHWWL 6lKN|LQWHQVLWHHWWL  (QHUJ\LQWHQVLW\ (OHFWULFLW\LQWHQVLW\              

16 Tilastokeskus Energialähteet 2010 (QHUJLNlOORU Energy sources 2010 

3XXSROWWRDLQHHW± :RRGIXHOV  gOM\±2LO 

0XXW±  2WKHUV Ydinenergia – 6lKN|QQHWWRWXRQWL± 1XFOHDUHQHUJ\  1HWLPSRUWVRIHOHFWULFLW\  9HVLYRLPD±  +\GURSRZHU  7XUYH±3HDW +LLOL±&RDO   0DDNDDVX± 1DWXUDOJDV    Uusiutuvan energian käyttö kasvoi 16 prosenttia edellisvuodesta

Uusiutuvan energian kulutus kasvoi 16 prosenttia energian osuus Suomessa on ollut noin 4–5 prosenttiyk- vuonna 2010. Uusiutuvan energian käyttö lisääntyi sikköä korkeampi kuin energian kokonaiskulutuksesta erityisesti metsäteollisuudessa. Sellun tuotannon yhtey- laskettu osuus. Suomen uusiutuvan energian osuuden dessä syntyvän mustalipeän käyttö lisääntyi eniten, 23 tavoite on 38 prosenttia energian loppukulutuksesta prosenttia edellisvuodesta. Myös muiden puuperäisten vuonna 2020. energialähteiden käyttö lisääntyi. Fossiilisten polttoaineiden käyttö kasvoi 11 prosent- Edellisvuonna alkanut pohjoismaiden heikentynyt tia vuodesta 2009. Fossiilisista polttoaineista hiilen vesitilanne jatkui. Suomessa vesivoiman tuotanto pysyi (sisältää kivihiilen, koksin, masuuni- ja koksikaasun) normaalina ja kasvoi noin prosentin edellisestä vuodes- kulutus kasvoi 25 prosenttia. Kivihiilen käyttö kasvoi ta. Tuulivoiman tuotanto kasvoi 6 prosenttia. Sen osuus merkittävästi erillisessä lauhdevoiman tuotannossa. oli 0,4 prosenttia tuotetusta sähköstä. Turpeen käyttö kasvoi yli 31 prosenttia vuotta aiem- Uusiutuvan energian osuus energian kokonaiskulu- masta. Tätä ennen turpeen käyttö oli vähentynyt kahden tuksesta oli 27 prosenttia. EU:n tavoitteet uusiutuvalle vuoden ajan. energialle määritellään suhteessa energian loppukulu- Ydinvoiman tuotanto vähentyi 3 prosenttia edellis- tukseen. Loppukulutuksesta laskettuna uusiutuvan vuoden korkeasta tasosta. Ydinenergialla tuotettiin 28 prosenttia Suomen sähköntuotannosta.

Kylmä sää lisäsi lämmönkulutusta

Asuinrakennusten lämmitysenergian kulutus lisääntyi Asumisen energiankulutus kasvoi edellisestä vuo- vuodesta 2009 lähes 11 prosentilla keskimääräistä kyl- desta noin kymmenen prosenttia. Asumisen energianku- memmän talven johdosta. Asuinrakennusten lämmityk- lutuksesta suurin osa kului asuntojen lämmitykseen ja seen kulutettiin eniten kaukolämpöä. Puun pienkäyttö noin 15 prosenttia kotitalouksien laitteissa. Kotitaloulo- oli toiseksi yleisin ja sähkölämmitys kolmanneksi ylei- uksien laitteiden sähkönkulutus jakautuu valaistukseen sin lämmityksen energialähde. Lämpöpumppujen tuot- joka kattoi 35 prosenttia, ruuanlaittoon joka kattoi seit- tama lämpö asuinrakennuksissa kasvoi yli 14 prosenttia semän prosenttia ja muihin kotitalouksien sähkölaittei- vuodentakaisesta. siin (sisältää mm. viihde-elektroniikan) joka kattoi noin 58 prosenttia kotitalouden sähkölaitteiden energianku- lutuksesta. Asumisen energiankulutustietoja julkaistaan ensimmäisen kerran omana taulukkonaan (8.1).

Tilastokeskus 17 Energialähteiden kulutus 2009–2010 )|UEUXNQLQJDYHQHUJLNlOORU± Consumption of energy sources 2009–2010   gOM\±2LO

3XXSROWWRDLQHHW±:RRGIXHOV

+LLOL±&RDO

0DDNDDVX±1DWXUDOJDV

7XUYH±3HDW 9HVLMDWXXOLYRLPD +\GURDQGZLQGSRZHU 6lKN|QQHWWRWXRQWL 1HWLPSRUWVRIHOHFWULFLW\  0XXW±2WKHUV 

    

 PJ 

Kaukolämmön kulutuksen kasvun syynä oli keski- Liikenteen energiankulutus kasvoi noin 3 prosenttia määräistä kylmempi sää. Kaukolämpöä kulutettiin 38,3 verrattuna vuoteen 2009. Liikennepolttoaineiden hinnat TWh. Vuonna 2010 kaukolämmön keskihinta oli 54,8 kallistuivat, erityisesti dieselin ja moottoribensiinin euroa/MWh, mikä oli 2,5 prosenttia vähemmän kuin osalta vuonna 2010. vuonna 2009.

 Fossiiliset ja uusiutuvat energialähteet 1970–2010 )RVVLODRFKI|UQ\EDUDHQHUJLNlOORU± Fossil fuels and renewables 1970–2010  3- 

 0XXW±2WKHUV

 8XVLXWXYDWHQHUJLDOlKWHHW± 5HQHZDEOHV

 7XUYH±3HDW

 )RVVLLOLVHWSROWWRDLQHHW± )RVVLOIXHOV 



           

18 Tilastokeskus Sähkön kulutus lisääntyi niin teollisuudessa kuin lämmityksessä

Sähkön kulutus kasvoi kahdeksan prosenttia vuonna  Suomessa kulutetusta sähköstä kotimaassa tuotettiin 2010. Teollisuuden ja lämmityskäyttöön hankitun säh- 88 prosenttia, mikä vastaa pitkän aikavälin keskimää- kön käyttö kasvoi. Tähän vaikutti teollisuustuotannon räistä tuotanto-osuutta. Sähkön ja lämmön yhteistuotan- elpyminen ja keskimääräistä kylmempi talvi. Kaikkiaan to kasvoi 13 prosenttia ja sähkön lauhdetuotanto 58 sähköä kulutettiin 87,7 terawattituntia. prosenttia. Sähkön ja lämmön yhteistuotannolla katet- Vuonna 2010 sähkön tuonti kasvoi kaksi prosenttia. tiin sähkön kulutuksesta lähes kolmasosa. Lauhdevoi- Eniten sähköä tuotiin Venäjältä, josta tuonnin määrä oli man osuus oli 16 prosenttia. Sähkön kulutuksesta noin 11,6 TWh. Sen sijaan Pohjoismaisilla sähkömarkkinoil- neljäsosa tuotettiin ydinvoimalla. Ydinvoiman osuus la Suomi toimi edelleen nettomyyjänä. Sähköä vietiin väheni hieman, koska vuoden 2009 tuotantoennätykses- kaikkiaan 55 prosenttia vuotta 2009 enemmän. Sähkön tä tuotanto väheni kolme prosenttia. vienti Ruotsiin kasvoi eniten. Sähkön vientiä Ruotsiin Suomen vesivoiman varastot kohentuivat vuotta ai- lisäsi Pohjoismaiden pienet vesivoimavarastot sekä emmasta, mutta ne jäivät keskimääräistä vähäisemiksi. Ruotsin ydinvoimaloiden huoltoseisokit. Sähkön netto- Vesivoiman tuotanto nousi prosentin edellisvuodesta. tuonti oli 12 prosenttia sähkön kokonaiskulutuksesta.  Energian tuotannon ja käytön hiilidioksidipäästöt kasvoivat 15 prosenttia

Talouden kohenemisesta ja edellisvuotta kylmemmästä  lämmön tuotannon päästöt kasvoivat. Päästöjen kasvu säästä johtuen energiasektorin eli polttoainekäytön aiheutui pääosin erillissähkön tuotannon lisäyksestä, ja hiilidioksidipäästöt kasvoivat edellisvuodesta 15 pro- erityisesti lauhdetuotannossa käytetyn kivihiilen ja senttia ollen 59,1 miljoonaa hiilidioksiditonnia. turpeen käytön lisäyksestä. Polttoaineiden käyttö sähkön ja lämmön tuotannossa Energiasektorin hiilidioksidipäästöjen osuus kaikista kasvoi 19 prosenttia vuonna 2010 Tilastokeskuksen kasvihuonekaasupäästöistä oli 79 prosenttia vuonna Sähkön ja lämmön tuotanto -tilaston mukaan. Polttoai- 2010. Energiasektorin päästöt olivat 12 prosenttia vuo- neiden käytön lisääntymisen myötä myös sähkön ja den 1990 päästötasoa korkeammalla.

 Energian loppukäyttö 2009–2010 6OXWDQYlQGQLQJHQDYHQHUJL± Final energy consumption 2009–2010

7HROOLVXXV±,QGXVWU\

5DNHQQXVWHQOlPPLW\V± 6SDFHKHDWLQJ

/LLNHQQH±7UDQVSRUW

0XXW±2WKHUV  

      

3-  

Tilastokeskus 19 Sähkön hankinta 2009–2010 (ODQVNDIIQLQJ± Electricity supply 2009–2010 

9HVLYRLPD WXXOLY ± +\GURSRZHUDQGZLQGSRZHU

1HWWRWXRQWL± 1HWLPSRUWVRIHOHFWULFLW\ 

7:K  

Suomen kasvihuonekaasut 1990–2010 )LQODQGVXWVOlSSDYYl[WKXVJDVHU± Finland’s greenhouse gas emissions 1990–2010 0W&2HT2  .DVYLKXRQHNDDVX SllVW|W±*UHHQKRXVH  JDVHPLVVLRQV .LRWRQWDYRLWHWDVR± .\RWRWDUJHWOHYHO  3ROWWRDLQHLGHQHQHUJLD Nl\W|Q&2SllVW|W± &2HPLVVLRQVIURP  IXHOFRPEXVWLRQ



            

20 Tilastokeskus Pohjoismaisen sähköpörssin spot-hintojen kehitys 3ULVXWYHFNOLQJHQDYVSRWSULVHUSnGHQQRUGLVNDHOE|UVHQ Development of spot prices on Nord Pool  (850:K  

 

 

 

 

              6\VWHHPLKLQWD 6XRPHQDOXHKLQWD 6\VWHPSULFH 3ULFHDUHD)LQODQG

Energian hintojen nousu jatkui edelleen vuonna 2011

Liikenteessä ja lämmityksessä käytettävät energian Lämmöntuotannossa käytettävän jyrsinturpeen hinta hinnat nousivat merkittävästi vuoden 2011 kolmannella oli vuoden kolmannella neljänneksellä 23 prosenttia vuosineljänneksellä. Eniten kallistuivat lämmön tuotan- kalliimpaa verrattuna vuotta aiempaan. Ilman valmiste- nossa käytettävät polttoaineet. Kivihiilen hinta nousi yli veron osuutta jyrsinturpeen hinta nousi vuodessa 4 70 prosenttia ja maakaasun hinta lähes 40 prosenttia. prosenttia. Valmisteverojen muutos vuodenvaihteessa Kotimaisten polttoaineiden hinnat nousivat vähemmän vaikutti merkittävästi energian hintojen nousuun. Erilli- kuin fossiilisten tuontipolttoaineiden hinnat. sessä lämmöntuotannossa käytettävän kivihiilen hinta Moottoribensiini oli keskimäärin 10 prosenttia ja oli yli 70 % ja maakaasun lähes 40 prosenttia korkeam- dieselöljy keskimäärin lähes 20 prosenttia kalliimpaa pi kuin vuotta aiemmin. Metsähakkeen hinta nousi 1,1 kolmannella vuosineljänneksellä kuin vuotta aiemmin. prosenttia vuotta aiemmasta. Kuluttajapelletin hinta oli Sähkön kuluttajahinta kallistui keskimäärin noin 14–18 4 prosenttia korkeampi marraskuussa verrattuna viime prosenttia riippuen tariffista. Sähköpörssin hinnat laski- vuoden vastaavaan aikaan. vat merkittävästi, mutta se ei näkynyt sähkön kuluttaja- hinnoissa.

Tilastokeskus 21 Energiåret 2010

Den totala energianvändningen ökade med 10 procent år 2010 Den totala energianvändningen i Finland uppgick år Användningen av förnybar energi ökade med 16 pro- 2010 till 1,46 miljoner terajoule (TJ), en ökning med tio cent och användningen av fossila bränslen med 11 pro- procent jämfört med året innan. cent. Återhämtningen inom industrin ledde till en ökning Utsläppen inom produktionen och förbrukningen av av energiförbrukningen 2010, i synnerhet på grund av energi uppgick till 59,1 miljoner ton koldioxid. Kol- produktionstillväxten inom energiintensiva industrier dioxidutsläppen från bränsleanvändningen ökade med som skogsindustrin, den kemiska industrin och metall- 15 procent från år 2009. framställningsindustrin. Skogsindustrin är industrisek- Förbrukningen av el var åtta procent högre än året torns största elanvändare och mest betydande användare innan, 87,7 terawattimmar (TWh). Elanvändningen av förnybar energi. Återhämtningen inom skogsindust- ökade inom industrin och inom uppvärmningen av rin påverkade också användningen av förnybar energi. byggnader.

Användningen av förnybar energi ökade med 16 procent från året innan

Användningen av förnybar energi ökade med 16 pro-  energianvändningen. I Finland har den förnybara ener- cent år 2010. Användningen av förnybara energikällor gins andel av den slutliga energianvändningen varit ökade särskilt inom den energiintensiva skogsindustrin. omkring 4–5 procentenheter högre än dess andel av den Mest ökade användningen av svartlut, som bildas i totala energianvändningen. Finlands mål för 2020 är att samband med produktionen av cellulosa. Användningen 38 procent av den slutliga energianvändningen ska av svartlut ökade med 23 procent. Också användningen bestå av förnybar energi. av andra träbaserade energikällor ökade. Användningen av fossila bränslen ökade med 11 Vattensituationen i de nordiska länderna var fortsatt procent från år 2009. Inom kategorin fossila bränslen dålig efter den försämring som började året innan. I ökade användningen av kol (stenkol, koks, masugns- Finland hölls produktionen av vattenkraft på normal och koksgas) med 25 procent. Användningen av stenkol nivå, och ökade med omkring en procent. Produktionen ökade betydligt inom den separata produktionen av av vindkraft ökade med 6 procent. Vindkraftens andel kondenskraftsel. Användningen av torv ökade med över av elproduktionen var 0,4 procent. 31 procent från året innan, efter en minskning under de Av den totala energianvändningen bestod 27 procent två föregående åren. Produktionen av kärnkraft minska- av förnybar energi. I EU:s målsättning för förnybar de med 3 procent från den höga nivån året innan. Kär- energi anges målnivån i förhållande till den slutliga nenergin stod för 28 procent av Finlands elproduktion.

Det kalla vädret ökade värmeförbukningen

Förbrukningen av energi för uppvärmning av bos-  belysning, sju procent till matlagning och omkring 58 tadshus ökade med nästan 11 procent från 2009 som en procent till andra hushållselapparater (bl.a. hemelektro- följd av att vintern var kallare än genomsnittligt. Den nik). Uppgifter om energiförbrukningen inom boen- viktigaste värmekällan vid uppvärmning av bostadshus desektorn publiceras nu för första gången i en separat var fjärrvärme. Den näst vanligaste värmekällan var tabell. småskalig träanvändling och den tredje vanligaste var Ökningen av fjärrvärmeförbrukningen berodde på elvärme. Den andel av värmen för uppvärmning av att vädret var kallare än genomsnittligt. Förbrukningen bostadshus som producerades med värmepumpar ökade av fjärrvärme uppgick till 38,3 TWh. År 2010 var me- med över 14 procent från året innan. delpriset på fjärrvärme 54,8 euro/MWh, vilket var 2,5 Energiförbrukningen inom boendesektorn ökade procent mindre än år 2009. Energiförbrukningen inom med omkring tio procent från året innan. Av energiför- transportsektorn ökade med omkring 3 procent från år brukningen inom boendesektorn gick merparten till 2009. Enligt Statistikcentralens statistik över energipri- uppvärmning av bostäder, medan omkring 15 procent ser steg priserna på transportbränslen, speciellt diesel förbrukades av hushållsapparater. Av den energi som och motorbensin, under år 2010. förbrukades av hushållsapparater gick 35 procent till

22 Tilastokeskus Både industrins elanvändning och användningen av el för uppvärmningsbehov ökade

Elförbrukningen ökade med åtta procent år 2010. Både Av elförbrukningen i Finland täcktes 88 procent med industrins elanvändning och användningen av el för inhemsk produktion, vilket motsvarar den genomsnittli- uppvärmningsbehov ökade. Utvecklingen påverkades ga produktionsandelen på lång sikt. Mängden el som av återhämtningen inom industrin och av att vintern var producerats genom samproduktion av el och värme kallare än genomsnittligt. Totalt förbrukades 87,7 tera- ökade med 13 procent, medan mängden separat produ- wattimmar el. cerad kondenskraftsel ökade med 58 procent. Av elför- Under 2010 ökade elimporten med två procent. Merpar- brukningen täcktes nästan en tredjedel genom sampro- ten av den importerade elen kom från Ryssland, 11,6 ducerad el, och 16 procent genom kondenskraftsel. TWh. På den nordiska elmarknaden var Finland fortfa- Ungefär en fjärdedel av elförbrukningen täcktes genom rande nettosäljare. Sammantaget var elexporten 55 kärnkraftsproducerad el. Kärnkraftselens andel minska- procent större än 2009. Mest ökade elexporten till Sve- de något, då produktionen av kärnkraft minskade med rige. Ökningen av elexporten till Sverige berodde bland tre procent från rekordnivån år 2009. annat på de låga nordiska vattenkraftsreserverna och Finlands vattenkraftsreserver ökade jämfört med stängningen av svenska kärnkraftverk för underhåll. året innan, men nådde inte upp till genomsnittsnivån. Nettoimporten av el motsvarade 12 procent av den Produktionen av vattenkraft ökade med en procent från totala elförbrukningen. året innan.

Koldioxidutsläppen från energiproduktionen och energiförbrukningen ökade med 15 procent

Den ekonomiska återhämtningen och det faktum att pen från produktionen av el och värme. Utsläppsöknin- vintern var kallare än året innan medförde en ökning av gen berodde huvudsakligen på ökningen av den separa- koldioxidutsläppen från energisektorn (dvs. bränsleför- ta elproduktion, och framför allt på den ökade använd- brukningen) med 15 procent till 59,1 miljoner ton kol- ningen av stenkol och torv för produktion av kondens- dioxid. kraftsel. Enligt Statistikcentralens statistik över produktionen Koldioxidutsläppen inom energisektorn stod för 79 av el och värme ökade bränsleanvändningen inom el- procent av de totala utsläppen av växthusgaser under år och värmeproduktionen med 19 procent. Som en följd 2010. Utsläppen inom energisektorn var 12 procent av den ökade bränsleanvändningen ökade också utsläp- högre än 1990 års utsläppsnivå.

Energipriserna steg ytterligare år 2011

Priserna på energi som används i trafiken och för upp- Priset på frästorv som används i värmeproduktionen värmning steg betydligt under tredje kvartalet i 2011. var under årets tredje kvartal 23 procent högre än året Mest steg priserna på uppvärmningsbränslen. Priset på innan. Utan punktskattens andel steg priset på frästorv stenkol steg med över 70 procent och priset på naturgas med 4 procent på årsnivå. Punktskatteändringen vid med nästan 40 procent. Priserna på inhemska bränslen årsskiftet bidrog i betydande grad till ökningen av ener- stegmindre än priserna på fossila importbränslen. gipriserna. Priset på stenkol som används i den separata Motorbensin var i genomsnitt 10 procent och diese- värmeproduktionen var över 70 procent och priset på lolja i genomsnitt nästan 20 procent dyrare under tredje naturgas nästan 40 procent högre än året innan. Priset kvartalet än året innan. Konsumentpriset på el steg i på skogsflis steg med 1,1 procent jämfört med året genomsnitt med omkring 14–18 procent beroende på innan. Priset på konsumentpelletar var fyra procent tariff. Priserna på elbörsen sjönk betydligt, men det högre i november än under motsvarande period året återspeglades inte i konsumentpriserna på el. innan.

Tilastokeskus 23 Energy Year 2010

Total consumption of energy increased by 10 per cent in 2010 Total consumption of energy in Finland amounted to had an effect on the growing use of renewable energy. 1.46 terajoules (TJ) in 2010. The growth from the year The use of renewable energy increased by 16 per cent before was ten per cent. and that of fossil fuels by 11 per cent. The recovery of industrial output increased energy Carbon dioxide emissions from the production and consumption in 2010. The rise in consumption was use of energy amounted to 59.1 tonnes of carbon dioxi- particularly caused by increased production in energy- de. Emissions from fuel use increased by 15 per cent intensive industry sectors, that is, the forest industry, from 2009. chemical industry and manufacture of basic metals. Eight per cent more energy was used than one year The forest industry is the biggest user of electricity in previously, 87.7 terawatt hours (TWh). The consump- manufacturing and the most significant user of rene- tion of electricity increased in manufacturing and space wable energy. The recovery of the forest industry also heating.

Use of renewable energy grew by 16 per cent from the previous year The consumption of renewable energy went up by 16 renewable energy in Finland has been around four to per cent in 2010. The use of renewable energy inc- five percentage points higher than the share calculated reased particularly in the electricity-intensive forest from total energy consumption. Finland's target for the industry. The use of black liquor generated in pulp share of renewable energy is 38 per cent of final energy production increased most, or by 23 per cent from the consumption in 2020. year before. The use of other wood-based energy sour- The use of fossil fuels went up by 11 per cent from ces also went up. 2009. Of fossil fuels, the consumption of coal (inclu- The weakened water situation in the Nordic count- ding hard coal, coke, and blast furnace and coke oven ries that started in the previous year continued. In Fin- gas) increased by 25 per cent. The use of coal grew land the production of hydro power stayed normal and significantly in separate production of condensing po- grew by around one per cent. The production of hydro wer. The use of peat went up by over 31 per cent from power grew by six per cent. Its share was 0.4 per cent the year before. Before this, the use of peat has dec- of the electricity produced. reased for two years. The share of renewable energy of total energy con- The production of nuclear power decreased by three sumption stood at 27 per cent. EU targets for renewable per cent from its high level in the previous year. In all, energy are calculated relative to final energy consump- 28 per cent of Finland's electricity production was cov- tion. Calculated from final consumption, the share of ered by nuclear energy.

Cold weather increased heat consumption The consumption of heating energy for residential buil- cent and other household electrical appliances (incl. dings increased by nearly 11 per cent from 2009 due to entertainment electronics), which covered around 58 the colder than average winter. District heating was per cent of the energy consumption of household elec- consumed most in heating of residential buildings. trical appliances. Data on energy consumption in hous- Small-scale combustion of wood was the second most ing are published for the first time in a separate table. common and electric heating the third most common Increased consumption of district heating was energy source of heating. The heat produced by heat caused by colder than average weather. The amount of pumps in residential buildings grew by over 14 per cent district heating consumed totalled 38.3 TWh. In 2010, from the year before. the average price of district heating was EUR 54.8 per Energy consumption in housing went up by around MWh, which was 2.5 per cent lower than in 2009. ten per cent from the previous year. The majority of Energy consumption in transport grew by some energy consumption in housing was consumed in hea- three per cent from 2009. According to Statistics ting of dwellings and around 15 per cent in energy of Finland's statistics on energy prices, the prices of trans- household appliances. Electricity consumption of hou- port fuels, especially diesel and motor gasoline, went up sehold appliances is divided into lighting, which in 2010. covered 35 per cent, cooking, which covered seven per

24 Tilastokeskus Consumption of electricity increased in both manufacturing and heating Total electricity consumption went up by eight per cent Of electricity consumed in Finland, 88 per cent was in 2010. The use of electricity in manufacturing and for produced in Finland, which corresponds to the average heating use grew. This was caused by the recovery of long-term production share. The volume of electricity industrial output and colder than average winter weat- produced with combined heat and power production her. Consumption of electricity totalled 87.7 terawatt grew by 13 per cent and the volume of electricity pro- hours. duced with condensing power by 58 per cent. Com- In 2010 imports of electricity grew by two per cent. bined heat and power production covered nearly one The largest amount of electricity was imported from third of electricity consumption. The coverage of elect- Russia, from where imports amounted to 11.6 TWh. By ricity produced with condensing power was 16 per cent. contrast, Finland continued to be a net seller on the Around one quarter of electricity consumption was Nordic electricity market. In all, 55 per cent more elect- produced with nuclear power. The coverage of nu- ricity was exported than in 2009. Exports of electricity clear power weakened somewhat, as the production to Sweden grew most. Electricity exports to Sweden went down by three per cent from the record production went up due to small water reserves in the Nordic of nuclear power in 2009. countries and maintenance shutdowns of nuclear power Finland's hydro power reserves improved from one plants in Sweden. Net imports of electricity covered 12 year before, but they were still lower than average. The per cent of total electricity consumption. production of hydro power rose by one per cent from the previous year.

Carbon dioxide emissions from the production and use of energy grew by 15 per cent

Due to the economic improvement and colder weather production of electricity and heat went up as well. The than in the previous year, carbon dioxide emissions in growth in emissions was mainly due to increases in the energy sector, or from fuel use, grew by 15 per cent separate production of electricity, and particularly to from the previous year to 59.1 million tonnes of carbon growing use of coal and peat for condensing power dioxide. production. According to Statistics Finland's statistics on pro- The energy sector generated 79 per cent of all duction of electricity and heat, the use of fuels in elec- greenhouse gas emissions in 2010. Emissions from the tricity and heat production increased by 19 per cent in energy sector were 12 per cent higher than the emission 2010. As the use of fuels increased, emissions from the level of 1990.

Energy prices continued to grow in 2011

Prices of energy used in transport and heating went up The price of milled peat used in heat production significantly in the third quarter of 2011. The prices of was 23 per cent higher in the third quarter of the year fuels used in heat production went up most. The price than in the corresponding period of one year earlier. of coal rose by over 70 per cent and that of natural gas Without the share of excise duty, the price of milled by nearly 40 per cent. The prices of domestic fuels went peat went up by four per cent in a year. The change in up less than the prices of imported fossil fuels. excise duties at the turn of the year had a considerable The price of motor gasoline was an average of ten effect on the rise in energy prices. The price of coal per cent and diesel oil nearly 20 per cent higher than in used in separate heat production was over 70 per cent the third quarter of one year before. The consumer price higher and that of natural gas nearly 40 per cent higher of electricity was around 14 to 18 per cent higher, on than one year previously. The price of forest chippings average, depending on the tariff. The prices of the elect- rose by 1.1 per cent from one year before. The price of ricity exchange fell considerably, but this was not visi- consumer pellets was four per cent higher in November ble in the consumer prices of electricity. compared with the corresponding period of the previous year.

Tilastokeskus 25 Yksiköt ja muuntokertoimet Units and conversion factors

3ROWWRDLQHLGHQWHKROOLVHWNHVNLPllUlLVHWROHWXVOlPS|DUYRWMDWLKH\GHW Average default calorific net heat contents and densities of fuels 3ROWWRDLQH 0LWWD\NVLNN| 7HKROOLQHQNHVNLPllUlLQHQOlPS|DUYR 7LKH\V Fuels Unit Average default calorific net heat content Density  *- 0:K WRH WP

5DDND|OM\±Crude oil ««««««««««««««««««««««« W     5DVNDVSROWWR|OM\±Heavy fuel oil «««««««««««««««««« W ULNNLSLWRLVXXV ± sulphur content < 1% ««««««« W     ULNNLSLWRLVXXV•± sulphur content • ««««««« W     .HY\WSROWWR|OM\± Light fuel oil ««««««««««««««««««« W     'LHVHO|OM\± Diesel fuel «««««««««««««««««««««« W     /HQWRSHWUROL± Kerosenes ««««««««««««««««««««« W     0XXWSHWUROLW±Other kerosines ««««««««««««««««««« W     7HROOLVXXVEHQVLLQL±Naphtha «««««««««««««««««««« W     0RRWWRULEHQVLLQLW±Motor gasolines ««««««««««««««««« W     /HQWREHQVLLQLW±Aviation gasolines ««««««««««««««««« W     1HVWHNDDVXW±LPG «««««««««««««««««««««««« W     -DORVWDPRNDDVXW±Refinery gases ««««««««««««««««« W    .LYLKLLOL±Hard coal «««««««««««««««««««««««« W    .RNVL±Coke ««««««««««««««««««««««««««« W    0DDNDDVX ±Natural gas  «««««««««««««««««««« P R&    0DVXXQLNDDVX ±Blast furnace gas  «««««««««««««««« P    .RNVLNDDVX±Coke oven gas «««««««««««««««««««« P    0XVWDOLSHl±Black liquor ««««««««««««««««««««« WND±t dry matter    3XXSHOOHWLW±Wood pellets  NRVWHXV±moisture ± ««««««« W ± .XRUL±Bark (kosteus – moisture 45–65 %) ««««««««««««« W ± 6DKDQSXUX±Sawdust  NRVWHXV±moisture ± ««««««««« W ± 0HWVlWlKGHKDNH±Forest residue chips  NRVWHXV±moisture ± « W ± .RNRSXXKDNH±Whole tree chips  NRVWHXV±moisture ± «««« W ± 3ROWWRKDNH±Chips «««««««««««««««««««««««« LP±loose m     5XRNRKHOSL±Reed canary grass  NRVWHXV±moisture  «««««« W ± %LRNDDVX±Biogas «««««««««««««««««««««««« P ± -\UVLQWXUYH±Milled peat «««««««««««««««««««««« W     3DODWXUYH±Sod peat ««««««««««««««««««««««« W    

  0DDNDDVXQ\OHPSLOlPS|DUYRRQ*-P R& MD*-P R&  6LVlOWll&2NDDVXQ Gross calorific value of natural gas is 39.9 GJ per 1 000 m  (0 RC) and 37.8 GJ per 1 000 m  (15 RC). Includes CO gas. 0RRWWRULEHQVLLQLQGLHVHO|OM\QMDNHY\HQSROWWR|OM\QOlPS|DUYRWMDSllVW|NHUWRLPHWVDDWWDYDWPXXWWXDYXRVLWWDLQNXQSROWWRQHVWHLVLLQVHNRLWHWWXELRRVXXVPXXWWXX .LYLKLLOHQOlPS|DUYRODVNHWDDQYXRVLWWDLQNHVNLDUYRQDWLODVWRLOPRLWXNVLVWD.HUWRLPHWQlLGHQRVDOWDRYDWXXVLPPDQWLODVWRYXRGHQWRWHXWXQHHQPXNDLVHW The caloric values and emission coefficients of motor gasoline, diesel oil and light fuel oil may fluctuate annually when the bio-fraction mixed into liquid fuels changes. The caloric value of coal is calculated annually as an average of data reported to statistics. In respect of these, the coefficients are in accordance with the values realised in the statistical reference year. (ULHQHUJLD\NVLNN|MHQYlOLVHWPXXQWRNHUWRLPHW (WXOLLWWHHW Conversion factors between energy units Prefix  WRH 0:K *- *FDO N NLOR    WRH     0 PHJD    0:K     * JLJD    *-     7 WHUD    *FDO     3 SHWD   (VLPHUNNL±Example: WRH 0:K

26 Tilastokeskus +LLOLGLRNVLGLQROHWXVSllVW|NHUWRLPHWHUlLOOHSROWWRDLQHLOOH Carbon dioxide emission factors for some fuels 3ROWWRDLQH 2PLQDLVSllVW|NHUURLQ Fuels Emission factor J&20- 0RRWWRULEHQVLLQLW±Motor gasolines «««««««««««««««««««««««  'LHVHO|OM\±Diesel fuel ««««««««««««««««««««««««««««  .HY\WSROWWR|OM\± Light fuel oil «««««««««««««««««««««««««  5DVNDVSROWWR|OM\± Heavy fuel oil ««««««««««««««««««««««««  /HQWRSHWUROL±Kerosenes «««««««««««««««««««««««««««  1HVWHNDDVXW± LPG ««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««  0XXW|OM\W±Other oils ««««««««««««««««««««««««««««« ± .LYLKLLOL±Hard coal ««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««  .RNVL±Coke «««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««  0DDNDDVX±Natural gas ««««««««««««««««««««««««««««  -\UVLQWXUYH± Milled peat ««««««««««««««««««««««««««««  .XRULSROWWRSXX±Bark, wood fuel «««««««««««««««««««««««  7HROOLVXXGHQSXXWlKGH±Industrial wood residue «««««««««««««««««  0XVWDOLSHl±Black liquor ««««««««««««««««««««««««««« 

0DLVWDNl\WHW\WNROPLNLUMDLPLVHWWXQQXNVHW The three-letter codes used for countries $5( $UDELHPLLULNXQQDW±United Arab Emirates -25 -RUGDQLD±Jordan $86 $XVWUDOLD±Australia -31 -DSDQL±Japan $87 ,WlYDOWD±Austria .$= .D]DNVWDQ±Kazakstan %(/ %HOJLD±Belgium .25 (WHOl.RUHD±Republic of Korea %+5 %DKUDLQ±Bahrain .:7 .XZDLW±Kuwait %*5 %XOJDULD±Bulgaria /%5 /LEHULD±Liberia %/5 9DONR9HQlMl±Belarus /%< /LE\D±Libyan Arab Jamahiriya &$1 .DQDGD±Canada /78 /LHWWXD±Lithuania &+( 6YHLWVL±Switzerland /8; /X[HPEXUJ±Luxembourg &+/ &KLOH±Chile /9$ /DWYLD±Latvia &+1 .LLQD±China 0$5 0DURNNR±Morocco &2/ .ROXPELD±Colombia 0/7 0DOWD±Malta &<3 .\SURV±Cyprus 1*$ 1LJHULD±Nigeria &=( 7ãHNNL±Czech Republic 1/' $ODQNRPDDW±Netherlands '(8 6DNVD±Germany 125 1RUMD±Norway '1. 7DQVND±Denmark 1=/ 8XVL6HHODQWL±New Zealand '=$ $OJHULD±Algeria 32/ 3XROD±Poland (&8 (FXDGRU±Ecuador 357 3RUWXJDOL±Portugal (*< (J\SWL±Egypt 4$7 4DWDU±Qatar (63 (VSDQMD±Spain 520 5RPDQLD±Romania (67 9LUR±Estonia 586 9HQlMl±Russia ),1 6XRPL±Finland 6$8 6DXGL$UDELD±Saudi Arabia )5$ 5DQVND±France 6*3 6LQJDSRUH±Singapore *%5 ,VR%ULWDQQLD±United Kingdom 69. 6ORYDNLD±Slovakia *,% *LEUDOWDU±Gibraltar 691 6ORYHQLD±Slovenia *5& .UHLNND±Greece 6:( 5XRWVL±Sweden +81 8QNDUL±Hungary 781 7XQLVLD±Tunisia ,'1 ,QGRQHVLD±Indonesia 785 7XUNNL±Turkey ,1' ,QWLD±India 8.5 8NUDLQD±Ukraine ,5/ ,UODQWL±Ireland 86$

Tilastokeskus 27 1 Energian kokonaiskulutus Total energy consumption  (QHUJLDQNRNRQDLVNXOXWXVHQHUJLDOlKWHLWWlLQMDKLLOLGLRNVLGLSllVW|W Total energy consumption by energy source and carbon dioxide emissions

gOM\ +LLOL 0DDNDDVX

 6LVlOWllNLYLKLLOHQNRNVLQPDVXXQLMDNRNVLNDDVXWVHNl 1) Includes hard coal and coke, blast furnace gas, coke oven gas, YVDDNNDNDXSXQNLNDDVXQ and until 1994, town gas.  0DDNDDVXQNXOXWXVHLVLVlOOlUDDNDDLQHNl\WW|Ml 2) Consumption of natural gas exclusive of uses as raw material NVHULWWHO\WDXOXNRVWD  (see breakdown in table 2.5)  3) )RVVLLOLVWHQSROWWRDLQHLGHQMDWXUSHHQSROWRVWDDLKHXWXYDW&2 Includes CO 2 emissions from combustion of fossil fuels and peat. SllVW|W2VDPDVXXQLHQSllVW|LVWlRQODVNHWWXSURVHVVLSHUlLVLNVL Finland's official greenhouse gas emissions will be published SllVW|LNVLMRWNDHLYlWVLVlOO\WlKlQOXNXXQ7LODVWRNHVNXVMXONDLVHH on April by Statistics Finland. 6XRPHQYLUDOOLVHWNDVYLKXRQHNDDVXSllVW|WKXKWLNXXVVD  7LHGRWSHUXVWXYDWQHOMlQQHVYXRVLWWDLVHHQHQHUJLDWLODVWRRQ 4) Based on quarterly energy statistics.

/lKWHHWMDPXXWKXRPDXWXNVHW NVWDXOXNRWMD Sources and other notes: See tables 1.3 and 1.4

28 Tilastokeskus  )RVVLLOLQHQMDXXVLXWXYDHQHUJLD Fossil fuels and renewables

)RVVLLOLVHWSROWWRDLQHHW 7XUYH 8XVLXWXYDHQHUJLD

9HVLMDWXXOLYRLPDMDVlKN|QQHWWRWXRQWLRQ\KWHLVPLWDOOLVWHWWXSROWWRDLQHLVLLQ Hydro and wind power and net imports of electricity were made VXRUDDQVDDGXQVlKN|QPXNDDQ 7-*:K MD\GLQHQHUJLDRQ commensurate with fuels according to directly obtained electricity ODVNHWWXQK\|W\VXKWHHOODWXRWHWXVWD\GLQYRLPDVWD 7-*:K  (3.6 TJ/GWh) and nuclear energy at the efficiency ratio of 33 per cent from nuclear power (10.91 TJ/GWh).

  6LVlOWllWHROOLVXXGHQUHDNWLROlPP|QYHG\QMDVlKN|QQHWWRWXRQQLQ 1) Includes reaction heat from industrial processes, hydrogen and net imports of electricity.

7DXOXNRLGHQMDWLHGRWOXYXVWDDONDHQ The EnergyCD contains data concerning the 1960s for tables 1.1, 1.2, (QHUJLD&'OOl 1.3, 3.1, 3.2, 6.1 and 6.2.

/lKWHHW NVWDXOXNNR Sources: See table 1.4

Tilastokeskus 29  (QHUJLDQNRNRQDLVNXOXWXVHQHUJLDOlKWHLWWlLQ 7- Total energy consumption by energy source (TJ)

0RRWWRUL 'LHVHO 1HVWH 0XXW .HY\W 5DVNDV .LHUUlW\V -DORVWDPR gOM\W .LYLKLLOL .RNVL 0DVXXQLMD .DX 0DD EHQVLLQL |OM\ NDDVXW NHY\HWMD SROWWR|OM\ SROWWR|OM\ |OM\ NDDVXW\PV \KWHHQVl Coal Coke 2) NRNVLNDDVX SXQNL NDDVX Motor Diesel LPG NHVNL Light Heavy Recycled Refinery Oils total Blast NDDVX Natural gasoline fuel UDVNDDW fuel oil 1) fuel oil oil gases etc. furnace Town gas |OM\W gas and gas Other light coke oven and middle gas heavy oils 7-      ««««              ± ««««               ««««               ««««               ««««               ««««               ««««               ««««               ««««               ««««               ««««               ««««               ««««               ««««               ««««               ««««               ««««               ««««             ±  ««««             ±  ««««             ±  ««««             ±  ««««             ±  ««««             ±  ««««             ±  ««««             ±  ««««             ±  ««««             ±  ««««             ±  ««««             ±  ««««             ±  ««««             ±  ««««             ±  «««««            ±  0XXWRV±Change ±««            ±  ±««            ± 

 6LVlOWllPRRWWRULSROWWR|OM\Q7LHWRO|\W\\WDXOXNRVWDMD(QHUJLD&'OWl  6LVlOWllPDVXXQLNRNVLQVHNlPXXQNRNVLQNl\W|QWHROOLVXXGHVVD0DVXXQLNRNVLQHQHUJLDVLVlOO|VWlRQYlKHQQHWW\WDOWHHQRWHWXQ PDVXXQLNDDVXQHQHUJLDVLVlOW|  6LVlOWllNLHUUlW\VMDMlWHSROWWRDLQHHWVHNlSROWWRDLQHHQDNl\WHW\QYHG\QELRNDDVXQDXULQNRHQHUJLDQMDPXXWPXLKLQOXRNNLLQNXXOXPDWWRPDWELRSROWWRDLQHHW  6LVlOWllPDDOlPS|MDLOPDOlPS|SXPSSXMHQWXRWWDPDQHQHUJLDQYlKHQQHWW\QlSXPSSXMHQRPDNl\WW|VlKN|OOl

9HVLMDWXXOLYRLPDMDVlKN|QQHWWRWXRQWLRQ\KWHLVPLWDOOLVWHWWXSROWWRDLQHLVLLQVXRUDDQVDDGXQVlKN|QPXNDDQ 7-*:K  MD\GLQHQHUJLDRQODVNHWWXQK\|W\VXKWHHOODWXRWHWXVWD\GLQYRLPDVWD 7-*:K 

7DXOXNRLGHQMDWLHGRWOXYXOWDDONDHQ(QHUJLD&'OOl 3XXWWXYLHQYXRVLHQWLHGRWO|\W\YlW(QHUJLD&'OWl

/lKWHHW NVWDXOXNNR

30 Tilastokeskus

            ±  ±          ±  ±            ±            ±            ±            ±            ±            ±                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

                      

1) Includes gasoil for non-road use. Data in table 1.6 and on the EnergyCD. 2) Includes coke intake into blast furnace and other coke consumption in industry. Energy content of coke has been subtracted by the energy content of the produced blast furnace gas. 3) Includes recovered waste and waste fuels, and hydrogen, biogas and solar energy used as fuel, as well as other biofuels not classified elsewhere. 4) Contains the energy generated by earth heat and air-to-air heat pumps deducted by the electricity consumption of the pumps.

Hydro and wind power and net imports of electricity were made commensurate with fuels according to directly obtained electricity (3.6 TJ/GWh) and nuclear energy at the efficiency ratio of 33 per cent from nuclear power (10.91 TJ/GWh).

The EnergyCD contains data concerning the 1960s for tables 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 3.1, 3.2, 6.1 and 6.2. Data for the missing years on the EnergyCD.

Sources: See table 1.4

Tilastokeskus 31  (QHUJLDQNRNRQDLVNXOXWXVHQHUJLDOlKWHLWWlLQ NWRH Total energy consumption by energy source (ktoe)

0RRWWRUL 'LHVHO 1HVWH 0XXW .HY\W 5DVNDV .LHUUlW\V -DORVWDPR gOM\W .LYLKLLOL .RNVL 0DVXXQLMD .DXSXQNL 0DD EHQVLLQL |OM\ NDDVXW NHY\HWMD SROWWR|OM\ SROWWR|OM\ |OM\ NDDVXW\PV\KWHHQVl Coal Coke 2) NRNVLNDDVX NDDVX NDDVX Motor Diesel LPG NHVNLUDVNDDWLight Heavy Recycled Refinery Oils total Blast Town Natural gasoline fuel |OM\W fuel oil 1) fuel oil oil gases etc. furnace gas gas Other light gas and and middle coke heavy oils oven gas NWRH      ««              ± ««               ««               ««               ««               ««               ««               ««               ««               ««               ««               ««               ««               ««               ««               ««               ««               ««               ««               ««               ««               ««             ±  ««             ±  ««             ±  ««             ±  ««             ±  ««             ±  ««             ±  ««             ±  ««             ±  ««             ±  ««             ±  ««             ±  ««             ±  ««             ±  ««             ±  «««            ± 

WRH *-WRH HNYLYDOHQWWLQHQ|OM\WRQQL /lKWHHW ± NVWDXOXNRWMD ± NVWDXOXNRWMD  6LVlOWllPRRWWRULSROWWR|OM\Q7LHWRO|\W\\(QHUJLD&'OWl  NVWDXOXNNR  +HOVLQJLQNDXSXQJLQHQHUJLDODLWRVMD YXRWHHQ   6LVlOWllPDVXXQLNRNVLQVHNlPXXQNRNVLQNl\W|QWHROOLVXXGHVVD0DVXXQL 7XUXQNDXSXQJLQNDDVXODLWRV9XRGHVWD NRNVLQHQHUJLDVLVlOO|VWlRQYlKHQQHWW\WDOWHHQRWHWXQPDVXXQLNDDVXQ +HOVLQNLNDDVX2\ HQHUJLDVLVlOW|  NVWDXOXNNR ± NVWDXOXNRWMD  6LVlOWllNLHUUlW\VMDMlWHSROWWRDLQHHWVHNlSROWWRDLQHHQDNl\WHW\Q ± NVWDXOXNNR YHG\Q WDXO ELRNDDVXQDXULQNRHQHUJLDQMDPXXQ  NVWDXOXNNR ELRHQHUJLDQ WDXO   NVWDXOXNRWMD  NVWDXOXNRWMD  6LVlOWllPDDOlPS|MDLOPDOlPS|SXPSSXMHQWXRWWDPDQHQHUJLDQ  NVWDXOXNNR YlKHQQHWW\QlSXPSSXMHQRPDNl\WW|VlKN|OOl

32 Tilastokeskus

            ±  ±          ±  ±          ±  ±            ±            ±            ±            ±            ±            ±            ±            ±            ±                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

1 toe = 41.868 GJ toe = ton of oil equivalent Sources: 1–9: See tables 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 6.1 and 9.1 10–11: See tables 2.4.1 and 2.4.2 1) Includes gasoil for non-road use. Data on the EnergyCD. 12: See table 2.4.3 13: Helsinki Energy Board and (up till 1973) Turku Gas 2) Includes coke intake into blast furnace and other coke consumption in industry. Company. From 1987 onwards, Helsinkikaasu Oy. Energy content of coke has been subtracted by the energy content of the 14: See table 2.5 produced blast furnace gas. 15–17, 25: See tables 3.1 and 3.4.1 18–20: See table 2.9 3) Includes both recovered and waste fuels and hydrogen (table 2.10), 21: See table 2.7 biogas, solar energy and other biofuels (table 2.8). 22: See tables 2.10 and 4.2 23: See tables 2.11 and 7.3 4) Contains the energy generated by earth heat and air-to-air heat pumps 24: See table 2.6 deducted by the electricity consumption of the pumps.

Tilastokeskus 33  (QHUJLDQNRNRQDLVNXOXWXVHQHUJLDOlKWHLWWlLQ  Total energy consumption by energy source (%)

0RRWWRUL 'LHVHO 1HVWH 0XXW .HY\W 5DVNDV .LHUUlW\V -DORVWDPR gOM\W .LYLKLLOL .RNVL 0DVXXQLMD .DXSXQNL 0DD EHQVLLQL |OM\ NDDVXW NHY\HWMD SROWWR|OM\ SROWWR|OM\ |OM\ NDDVXW\PV \KWHHQVl Coal Coke 2) NRNVLNDDVX NDDVX NDDVX Motor Diesel LPG NHVNLUDVNDDW Light Heavy Recycled Refinery Oils total Blast Town gas Natural gasoline fuel |OM\W fuel oil 1) fuel oil oil gases etc. furnace gas Other light gas and and middle coke oven heavy oils gas          ««              ± ««               ««               ««               ««               ««               ««               ««               ««               ««               ««               ««               ««               ««               ««               ««               ««               ««               ««               ««               ««               ««             ±  ««             ±  ««             ±  ««             ±  ««             ±  ««             ±  ««             ±  ««             ±  ««             ±  ««             ±  ««             ±  ««             ±  ««             ±  ««             ±  ««             ±  «««            ± 

 6LVlOWllPRRWWRULSROWWR|OM\Q7LHWRO|\W\\(QHUJLD&'OWl  6LVlOWllPDVXXQLNRNVLQVHNlPXXQNRNVLQNl\W|QWHROOLVXXGHVVD0DVXXQLNRNVLQHQHUJLDVLVlOO|VWlRQYlKHQQHWW\WDOWHHQRWHWXQ PDVXXQLNDDVXQHQHUJLDVLVlOW|  6LVlOWllNLHUUlW\VMDMlWHSROWWRDLQHHWVHNlSROWWRDLQHHQDNl\WHW\QYHG\Q WDXO ELRNDDVXQDXULQNRHQHUJLDQMDPXXQELRHQHUJLDQ WDXO   6LVlOWllPDDOlPS|MDLOPDOlPS|SXPSSXMHQWXRWWDPDQHQHUJLDQYlKHQQHWW\QlSXPSSXMHQVlKN|QNXOXWXNVHOOD

9HVLMDWXXOLYRLPDMDVlKN|QQHWWRWXRQWLRQ\KWHLVPLWDOOLVWHWWXSROWWRDLQHLVLLQVXRUDDQVDDGXQVlKN|QPXNDDQ 7-*:K  MD\GLQHQHUJLDRQODVNHWWXQK\|W\VXKWHHOODWXRWHWXVWD\GLQYRLPDVWD 7-*:K 

/lKWHHW NVWDXOXNNR

34 Tilastokeskus

            ±  ±          ±  ±          ±  ±            ±            ±            ±            ±            ±            ±            ±            ±            ±                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

1) Includes gasoil for non-road use. Data on the EnergyCD. 2) Includes coke intake into blast furnace and other coke consumption in industry. Energy content of coke has been subtracted by the energy content of the produced blast furnace gas. 3) Includes both recovered and waste fuels and hydrogen (table 2.10), biogas, solar energy and other biofuels (table 2.8). 4) Contains the energy generated by earth heat and air-to-air heat pumps deducted by the electricity consumption of the pumps. Hydro and wind power and net imports of electricity were made commensurate with fuels according to directly obtained electricity (3.6 TJ/GWh) and nuclear energy at the efficiency ratio of 33 per cent from nuclear power (10.91 TJ/GWh).

Sources: See table 1.4

Tilastokeskus 35  gOM\WXRWWHLGHQNRNRQDLVNXOXWXVHQHUJLDOlKWHHQl  Total energy consumption of oil products

0RRWWRUL 'LHVHO|OM\ 0RRWWRUL /HQWRSHWUROL /HQWREHQVLLQL .HY\WSROWWR|OM\ 5DVNDVSROWWR|OM\ EHQVLLQL Diesel fuel SHWUROL Jet fuel Aviation Light fuel oil Heavy fuel oil Motor Motor gasoline MRVWD±of which: gasoline kerosine PRRWWRULSROWWR|MO\ gasoil for non-road use 7-     «««««««       ±  «««««««       ±  «««««««       ±  «««««««       ±  «««««««       ±  «««««««       ±  «««««««       ±  «««««««       ±  «««««««       ±  «««««««       ±  «««««««       ±  «««««««       ±  «««««««       ±  «««««««       ±  «««««««       ±  «««««««       ±  «««««««       ±  «««««««       ±  «««««««       ±  «««««««       ±  «««««««       ±  «««««««       ±  «««««««       ±  «««««««       ±  «««««««   ±    ±  «««««««   ±    ±  «««««««   ±    ±  «««««««   ±    ±  «««««««   ±    ±  «««««««   ±    ±  «««««««   ±    ±  «««««««   ±    ±  «««««««   ±      «««««««   ±      «««««««   ±      «««««««   ±      ««««««««   ±      2VXXV±Share «««««««   ±      «««««««   ±      0XXWRV± Change ±««««   ±      ±««««   ±     

 6LVlOWllWHROOLVXXVEHQVLLQLQNl\W|QNDDVXWXUELLQHLVVD(QQHQYXRWWDWLHWRSHUXVWXXP\\QWLOXNXLKLQVLVlOWlHQP\\QQLWYDUDVWRLKLQ

/lKWHHW  7LODVWRNHVNXV

36 Tilastokeskus  1HVWHNDDVXW 9DORSHWUROL 7HROOLVXXVEHQVLLQL .LHUUlW\V|OM\ -DORVWDPRNDDVXWMD gOM\QMDORVWDPRQ oil Refinery gases and Oil refinery fuels Bunkers in petrochem. process waste international transport

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

             

 ±        ±      

1) Comprises use of naphtha in gas turbines. Prior to 1999 the information was based on sales data including sales to stocks.

Sources: 11: Statistics Finland /Environment and energy (Energy Consumption Statistics of Industry) and Monitoring and Environment Loading Data System (VAHTI), up till 1998 data is based on the sale of product. Others: See tables 1.4 and 2.3

Tilastokeskus 37  3ULPllULHQHUJLDOlKWHHW6XRPHVVD Primary energy sources in Finland

0RRWWRUL 'LHVHO 0RRWWRUL /HQWR /HQWR .HY\W 5DVNDV 1HVWH 9DOR 7HROOLVXXV .LHUUlW\V gOM\Q -DORVWDPR 0XXW .LYL EHQVLLQL |OM\ SHWUROL SHWUROL EHQVLLQL SROWWR SROWWR NDDVXW SHWUROL EHQVLLQL |OM\ MDORVWDPRQ NDDVXW |OM\ KLLOL Motor Diesel Motor Jet Aviation |OM\ |OM\ LPG Lamp Naphtha Recycled SROWWR Refinery WXRWWHHW Coal gasoline fuel kerosine fuel gasoline Light Heavy kerosine oil DLQHHW gases Other fuel oil fuel oil Refinery petroleum fuel 1) products 2)

W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W  ««             ±   ««             ±   ««                ««                ««                ««                ««                ««                ««                ««                ««                ««                ««                ««                ««                ««                ««                ««                ««                ««                ««                ««                ««                ««                ««                ««                ««                ««                ««   ±             ««   ±             ««   ±             ««   ±             ««   ±             ««   ±             ««   ±             ««   ±             ««   ±          ±   ««   ±             ««   ±          ±   ««   ±          ±   ««   ±          ±   gOM\LKLQHLVLVlOO\|OM\QMDORVWXNVHQV\|WW|DLQHLWDHLNlXONRPDDQOLLNHQWHHQSROWWRDLQHLWD0XX|OM\WXRWWHLGHQHQHUJLDNl\WW|VLVlOW\\WDXOXNRQWLHWRLKLQ 6LVlOWllNRNVLQNRNRQDLVNl\W|Q  6LVlOWllMDORVWDPRQSROWRQVHNlKlYL|W  0XXW|OM\WXRWWHHWVLVlOWlYlWELWXPLQSHWUROHXPNRNVLQYRLWHOXDLQHHWOLXRWWLPHWHWHHQLQMDSURSHHQLQ  0HWVlWHROOLVXXGHQMlWHOLHPLHQPllULlRQWDUNLVWHWWXYXRGHVWDOlKWLHQ  6LVlOWllNLHUUlW\VMDMlWHSROWWRDLQHHWVHNlSROWWRDLQHHQDNl\WHW\QYHG\Q WDXO ELRNDDVXQDXULQNRHQHUJLDQMDPXXQELRHQHUJLDQ WDXO   6LVlOWllPDDOlPS|MDLOPDOlPS|SXPSSXMHQWXRWWDPDQHQHUJLDQYlKHQQHWW\QlSXPSSXMHQVlKN|QNXOXWXNVHOOD

/lKWHHW NVWDXOXNNRVHNlWXRWHMDVHNWRULNRKWDLVHWWDXOXNRW

38 Tilastokeskus .RNVL 0DVXXQLMD .DXSXQNL 0DD

Oils do not include refinery intake and fuels from bunkers. All other energy use of oil products is included. Includes total consumption of coke. 1) Includes refineries' inceneration and losses. 2) Other oil products includes bitumen, petroleum coke, lubricants, solvents, ethylene and propylene. 3) As of 2000, amounts of spent liquor has been checked. 4) Includes both recovered and waste fuels and hydrogen (table 2.10), biogas, solar energy and other biofuels (table 2.8). 5) Contains the energy generated by earth heat and air-to-air heat pumps deducted by the electricity consumption of the pumps.

Sources: See table 1.4 and the individual tables on energy source and consumption sector

Tilastokeskus 39 1.8 Energian kulutus sektoreittain Energy consumption by sector  (QHUJLDQNRNRQDLVNXOXWXVVHNWRUHLWWDLQ Total energy consumption by sector

7HROOLVXXV /LLNHQQH 5DNHQQXVWHQ 0XXW

/DVNHQWDPXXWWXQXWMDSHUXVWXXOXYXOODVlKN|QMDOlPP|QWXRWDQWRWLODVWRQ The calculation is based in the 2000s on more detailed data from WDUNHPSDDQDLQHLVWRRQ statistics on production of electricity and heat.  6LVlOWllWHROOLVXXGHQOlPP|QWXRWDQQRQMDSURVHVVHLVVDVXRUDDQ 1) In addition to industrial heat production and fuels used directly in Nl\WHWWlYLHQSROWWRDLQHLGHQOLVlNVLWHROOLVXXVVHNWRULQNXOXWXNVHQ processes, comprises the proportion of fuels used in production of PXNDLVHQRVXXGHQVlKN|QMDNDXNROlPP|QWXRWDQQRQMD electricity and district heat and fuels used in oil refineries according |OM\QMDORVWDPRMHQSROWWRDLQHLVWD to the consumption in the industry sector.

3XXWWXYLHQYXRVLHQWLHGRWO|\W\YlW(QHUJLD&'OWl Data for the missing years on the EnergyCD.

40 Tilastokeskus  (QHUJLDQORSSXNl\WW|VHNWRUHLWWDLQ Final energy consumption by sector

7HROOLVXXV /LLNHQQH 5DNHQQXVWHQ 0XXW

/DVNHQWDSHUXVWXXOXYXOODVlKN|QMDOlPP|QWXRWDQWRWLODVWRQ The calculation is based in the 2000s on more detailed data from statistics WDUNHPSDDQDLQHLVWRRQ on production of electricity and heat. 7lPlWDXOXNNRNXYDDHULVHNWRULHQHQHUJLDQORSSXNl\WW|l VlKN|NDXNROlPS| This table describes the end use of energy in different sectors (electricity, VXRUDSROWWRDLQHNl\WW|  district heat, direct fuel use). 7RLVLQNXLQWDXOXNRVVDWlVVlORSSXNXOXWXVVHNWRUHLOOHHLYlWVLVlOO\VlKN|Q Differing from table 1.8.1, here end-use sectors do not comprise losses of MDOlPP|QWXRWDQQRQHLYlWNlSROWWRDLQHLGHQMDORVWXNVHQKlYL|WWDLPXXWSROWWRelectricity and heat generation and fuel refining. Final consumption of DLQHLGHQMDORVWXNVHQNRQYHUVLRKlYL|W7HROOLVXXGHQORSSXNl\WW|HURDDWDVHHQ energy in industry differs from the corresponding figures in the balance YDVWDDYLVWDOXYXLVWDNRVNDWDVHHVVDRQHULWHOW\\NVLW\LVNRKWDLVHPPLQ sheet, because the fuels used by industry and by energy production are WHROOLVXXGHQMDHQHUJLDQWXRWDQQRQSROWWRDLQHHW specified in more detail in the balance sheet. 0\|VOLLNHQQHVHNWRULQORSSXNl\W|QNlVLWHHURDDHQHUJLDWDVHHVVDWlVWlMDRWWHOXVWD The concept of final consumption used for the “Transport” sector in the energy balance sheet also differs from the concept used here. 0XXWVHNWRULVLVlOWllNRWLWDORXNVLHQMXONLVHQMD\NVLW\LVHQSDOYHOXVHNWRULQPDDMD The “Others” sector contains consumption of electricity and fuels by house- PHWVlWDORXGHQVHNlUDNHQQXVWRLPLQQDQVlKN|QMDSROWWRDLQHLGHQNl\W|Q holds, public and private services, agriculture and forestry, and construction. 3XXWWXYLHQYXRVLHQWLHGRWO|\W\YlW(QHUJLD&'OWl Data for the missing years on the EnergyCD.

Tilastokeskus 41 2 Eräiden polttoaineiden ja energialähteiden kulutuksen jakautuminen Consumption of some fuels and energy sources

 5DVNDDQSROWWR|OM\QNXOXWXV Consumption of heavy fuel oil

.RNRQDLVP\\QWL .XOXWWDMLHQ .RNRQDLVNXOXWXV .XOXWXVUDDND .XOXWXVHQHUJLD .RWLPDDQYHVLOLLNHQQH Deliveries to YDUDVWRQPXXWRV Total consumption DLQHHQD  OlKWHHQl Domestic navigation consumers 1) Changes in Non-energy Energy use consumers' stocks use 2)

W  ««««««««       ««««««««       ««««««««       ««««««««       ««««««««       ««««««««       ««««««««       ««««««««       ««««««««       ««««««««       ««««««««       ««««««««       ««««««««       ««««««««       ««««««««       ««««««««       ««««««««       ««««««««       ««««««««       ««««««««       ««««««««       ««««««««       ««««««««       ««««««««       ««««««««       ««««««««       ««««««««       ««««««««       ««««««      

 6LVlOWll|OM\WXRWWHLGHQP\\QWLWLODVWRVVDPDLQLWXQHULNRLV|OM\Q /lKWHHW  gOM\DODQ.HVNXVOLLWWRU\ YW  gOM\WXRWWHLGHQP\\QWLWLODVWR  .HPLDQWHROOLVXXGHVVDUDDNDDLQHHQDNl\WHWW\PllUl  $UYLR  2WVLNRQPXNDLVHWOXYXWYXRGHVWDOlKWLHQ9XRWHHQVDDNND 

42 Tilastokeskus 7HROOLVXXV 0DDWDORXV 5DNHQQXVWHQ 7LODVWRYLUKH 8ONRPDDQ Industry Agriculture OlPPLW\V  Statistical OLLNHQQH (QHUJLDWHROOLVXXV 0XXWHROOLVXXV

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

1) Includes special oils mentioned in the sales statistics of oil products Sources: 1: Finnish Petroleum Federation /Statistics on the sale of (in 2010 311,696 t). petroleum products 2) Non-energy use in chemical industries. 2: Estimate 3) Figures as per the heading since 2000. Up to 1999, column 7 includes 4: the Monitoring and Environment Loading Data System (VAHTI), fuels for separate production of electricity in all industry and column 8, up till 2001 Neste Group respectively, all fuels for the production of district heat and combined 6: See table 5.1 production of district heat and electricity. 7–8: See table 3.4.2 4) Includes fuels for combined heat and power production and separate 9: Estimate. Statistics Finland /Environment and energy, heat production. organizations within industry and energy branch 5) Includes heating energy of residential, service and agricultural buildings. 10: Statistics Finland /Environment and energy Until 1994 the figure contained industrial buildings and statistical 12: Since 2005 Board of Customs /energy tax refund. difference. From 1995 heating energy of industrial buildings Information Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and under 'Other industry'. Forestry TIKE, The Finnish Glass House Growers Association 13: See table 6.1 Data for the missing years on the EnergyCD. 15: Finnish Petroleum Federation

Tilastokeskus 43  .HY\HQSROWWR|OM\QNXOXWXV Consumption of light fuel oil

.RNRQDLV .XOXWWDMLHQ .XOXWXVHQHUJLD 7HROOLVXXV P\\QWL MRVWD YDUDVWRQPXXWRV OlKWHHQl Industry Deliveries to PRRWWRUL Changes in Energy use (QHUJLDWHROOLVXXV 0XX

 2WVLNRQPXNDLVHWOXYXWYXRGHVWDOlKWLHQ9XRWHHQ /lKWHHW  gOM\DODQ.HVNXVOLLWWRU\gOM\WXRWWHLGHQP\\QWLWLODVWR VDDNNDVDUDNNHHVVDRQPXNDQDNRNRWHROOLVXXGHQHULOOLV  $UYLR VlKN|QWXRWDQQRQSROWWRDLQHHWMDVDUDNNHHVVDYDVWDDYDVWL ± NVWDXOXNNR NDLNNLNDXNROlPP|QWXRWDQQRQMDNDXNROlPP|Q\KWH\GHVVl  7LODVWRNHVNXV

44 Tilastokeskus /LLNHQQH 0DDMDPHWVlWDORXV 5DNHQQXV 0XXW 5DNHQQXVWHQ 7LODVWRYLUKH 8ONRPDDQ Transport Agriculture and forestry WRLPLQWD W\|NRQHHW OlPPLW\V Statistical OLLNHQQH .RWLPDDQ 5DXWDWLHW

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

1) Figures as per the heading since 2000. Up to 1999, column 5 5–6: See table 3.4.2 includes fuels for separate production of electricity in all industry 7: Statistics Finland /Environment and energy, and column 6, respectively, all fuels for the production of district organizations within industry and energy branch heat and combined production of district heat and electricity. 9–10: See table 5.1 2) Includes fuels for combined heat and power production and 12, 17: Since 1990 from VTT, Technical Research Centre of Finland /TYKO separate heat production. emission calculation model for working machinery 3) Includes heating energy of residential, service and Data on light fuel oil consumption of driers are estimated. agricultural buildings. Until 1994 the figure contained 13: Since 2005 Board of Customs /energy tax refund. industrial buildings and statistical difference. From 1995 Information Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry TIKE, heating energy of industrial buildings under 'Other industry'. Finnish Glass House Growers Association 14: VTT /TYKO emission calculation model for working machinery, Data for the missing years on the EnergyCD. up till 1989 Finnish Forest Research Institute 16: VTT /TYKO emission calculation model for working machinery, up till Sources: 1: Finnish Petroleum Federation /Statistics on the 1989 Central Association of Earth Moving Contractors in Finland sale of petroleum products 18: See table 6.1 3: Estimate 20: Finnish Petroleum Federation

Tilastokeskus 45  gOM\QNRNRQDLVNXOXWXV Total oil consumption

-DORVWDPR 1HVWH 0RRWWRUL /HQWREHQVLLQL 7HROOLVXXV 0RRWWRULSHWUROL /HQWRSHWUROL 9DOR 5DVNDV .HVNLWLVOHHW NDDVXW NDDVXW EHQVLLQL Aviation EHQVLLQL Motor kerosine Jet fuel SHWUROL SROWWR|OM\ Middle distillates  Refinery LPG Motor gasoline Naphtha Lamp Heavy 'LHVHO|OM\ 1) gases gasoline 1) kerosine fuel oil 2) Diesel fuel

W      ««« ±          ««« ±          ««« ±          «««           «««           «««           «««           «««           «««           «««           «««           «««           «««           «««           «««           «««           «««           «««           «««           «««           «««           «««           «««           «««           «««           «««           «««           «««           «««      ±     «««      ±     «««      ±     «««      ±     «««      ±     «««      ±     «««      ±     «««      ±     ««« ±     ±     «««      ±     ««« ±     ±     ««« ±     ±     ««« ±     ±    

 .RWLPDDQMDNHOXVVDPRRWWRULEHQVLLQLQMDGLHVHO|OM\\QVHNRLWHWXWELRHWDQROLMDGLHVHOVLVlOW\YlWOXNXLKLQ(ULWHOW\QlWLHWRO|\W\\WDXOXNRVWD  6LVlOWll|OM\WLODVWRVVDPDLQLWXQHULNRLV|OM\Q  (URDDWDXOXNRQYDVWDDYDVWDOXYXVWDNRVNDWlKlQVLVlOW\YlWP\|V|OM\QMDORVWXNVHQKlYL|W

NVP\|VWDXOXNRWMD

8ONRPDDQOLLNHQWHHVVlNl\WHWW\MHQ|OM\WXRWWHLGHQHULWWHO\(QHUJLD&'OOl

/lKWHHW gOM\DODQ.HVNXVOLLWWRU\gOM\WXRWWHLGHQP\\QWLWLODVWRMD7LODVWRNHVNXV

46 Tilastokeskus %LWXPL 9RLWHOX 5DDNDDLQHHW 0XXW gOM\WXRWWHHW -DORVWDPRQ gOM\Q 8ONRPDDQ WXRWWHHW DLQHHW SHWURNHPLDDQ |OM\ NRWLPDDKDQ SROWWRDLQHHWMD NRNRQDLV OLLNHQWHHQ .HY\W

            ±    ±       ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±                                                                

1) Bioethanol and biodiesel included in motor gasoline and diesel fuel are contained in the figures. The data are broken down in table 2.8. 2) Includes special oil mentioned in the oil statistics. 3) Differs from the corresponding figure in table 1.6 because this also includes refinery losses.

See also tables 1.6, 2.1, 2.2 and 9.1

Breakdown of oil products used in international transport on the EnergyCD.

Sources: Finnish Petroleum Federation /Statistics on the sale of petroleum products and Statistics Finland /Environment and energy

Tilastokeskus 47 2.4 Kivihiili, koksi, masuuni- ja koksikaasu Coal, coke, blast furnace gas and coke oven gas  .LYLKLLOHQNXOXWXV Consumption of hard coal

1HWWR 9DUDVWR .RNRQDLV .DDVX .XOXWXV 7HROOLVXXV /LLNHQQH .DVYL 5DNHQQXVWHQ WXRQWL PXXWRV NXOXWXV ODLWRNVHW HQHUJLD Industry Transport KXRQHHW OlPPLW\V Net Changes Total Gas OlKWHHQl (QHUJLDWHROOLVXXV 0XX

7DXOXNNRRQRQOLVlWW\WLODVWRYLUKHVDUDNHMRNDO|\W\\(QHUJLD&'OWl A column for statistical discrepancy has been added to the table, 9LUKHDLKHXWXXHULWLHWROlKWHLGHQHURDYDLVXXNVLVWD which can be found on the EnergyCD. The discrepancy arises from differences in the source data. (LVLVlOOlPHWDOOXUJLVWDNLYLKLLOWl Coking coal is not included.  2WVLNRQPXNDLVHWOXYXWYXRGHVWDOlKWLHQ9XRWHHQDVWL 1) Figures as per the heading since 2000. Up to 1999, column 6 includes VDUDNNHHVVDRQPXNDQDNRNRWHROOLVXXGHQHULOOLVVlKN|QWXRWDQQRQ fuels for separate production of electricity in all industry and column 7, SROWWRDLQHHWMDVDUDNNHHVVDYDVWDDYDVWLNDLNNLNDXNROlPP|QWXRWDQQRQ respectively, all fuels for the production of district heat and combined MDNDXNROlPP|Q\KWH\GHVVlWXRWHWXQVlKN|QSROWWRDLQHHW production of district heat and electricity.  6LVlOWllSROWWRDLQHHQNl\W|QVlKN|QMDOlPP|Q\KWHLVWXRWDQQRVVD 2) Includes fuels for combined heat and power production and separate VHNlOlPP|QHULOOLVWXRWDQQRVVD heat production.  (LVLVlOOlWHROOLVXXVUDNHQQXVWHQOlPPLW\VHQHUJLDD9XRWHHQ 3) Excludes space heating of industrial buildings. Till 1994 the DVWLOXNXXQVLVlOW\Q\WPXXWMDWLODVWRYLUKH figure has included others and statistical difference. 3XXWWXYLHQYXRVLHQWLHGRWO|\W\YlW(QHUJLD&'OWl Data for the missing years on the EnergyCD.

/lKWHHW  7XOOLKDOOLWXV8ONRPDDQNDXSSDWLODVWR Sources: 1: Board of Customs /Foreign Trade Statistics  7LODVWRNHVNXV

48 Tilastokeskus  .RNVLQWXRWDQWRMDNXOXWXV Production and consumption of coke oven coke

7XRQWL 7XRWDQWR 9DUDVWR .RNRQDLV 7HROOLVXXVPOHQHUJLDDWXRWWDYDWHROOLVXXV 0XXWMD Imports Production PXXWRV NXOXWXV Industry, including energy producing industry WLODVWRYLUKH Changes Total .l\WW|PDVXXQLQ 0XXHQHUJLD

 6LVlOWllUDVNDDQHULNRLV|OM\QV\|W|QPDVXXQLHQOLVlNVL  Includes intake of special heavy oil into blast furnaces IHUURNURPLXXQHLKLQ as well as into ferrochromium furnaces.

/lKWHHW  7XOOLKDOOLWXV8ONRPDDQNDXSSDWLODVWR Sources: 1: Board of Customs /Foreign Trade Statistics ± 5DXWDUXXNNL2\2YDNR:LUH2\$E 2, 5–6: Rautaruukki Oy and Ovako Wire Oy Ab, 2XWRNXPSX&KURPH2\ Outokumpu Chrome Oy, 7LODVWRNHVNXV

Tilastokeskus 49  0DVXXQLMDNRNVLNDDVXQWXRWDQWRMDNl\WW| Production and use of blast furnace gas and coke oven gas

7XRWDQWR\KWHHQVl +lYL|W 3ROWWRDLQHNl\WW|\KWHHQVl 6lKN|QWXRWDQWRRQ Total production Losses Total fuel use To electricity generation PLOMP mil. m 3 7-    «««««««««««««      «««««««««««««      «««««««««««««      «««««««««««««      «««««««««««««      «««««««««««««      «««««««««««««      «««««««««««««      «««««««««««««      «««««««««««««      «««««««««««««      «««««««««««««      «««««««««««««      «««««««««««««      «««««««««««««      «««««««««««««      «««««««««««««      «««««««««««««      «««««««««««««      «««««««««««««      «««««««««««««      «««««««««««««      «««««««««««««      «««««««««««««      «««««««««««««      «««««««««««««      «««««««««««««      «««««««««««««      «««««««««««««      «««««««««««««      «««««««««««««      «««««««««««««      «««««««««««««      «««««««««««««      «««««««««««««      «««««««««««««      «««««««««««««      «««««««««««««      «««««««««««««      «««««««««««««      ««««««««««««     

/lKGH 7LODVWRNHVNXV

50 Tilastokeskus  0DDNDDVXQNXOXWXV Natural gas consumption

7XRQWL +lYL|WMD .RNRQDLV .XOXWXV .XOXWXV .DDVXQ 7HROOLVXXVPOHQHUJLDDWXRWWDYDWHROOLVXXV /LLNHQQH .DVYL 5DNHQQXVWHQ Imports WLODVWR NXOXWXV UDDND HQHUJLD VLLUWR Industry, including energy producing industry Transport KXRQHHW OlPPLW\VMD YLUKH Total DLQHHQD OlKWHHQl Gas (ULOOLQHQ .DXNROlPS| 0XX

9DVWDDYDWDXOXNNRPLOMRRQLVVDNXXWLRPHWUHLVVlRQVDDWDYLOOD A corresponding table giving the data in million cubic metres is (QHUJLD&'OWl available on the EnergyCD.  0DDNDDVXQNl\WW|NRPSUHVVRULDVHPLOOD 1) Consumption of natural gas at compressor stations.  (URDDWDXOXNRLGHQMDOXYXLVWD 2) Differs from figure in tables 3.4.1 and 3.4.2.  .DXNROlPP|QMDVLLKHQOLLWW\YlQVlKN|QWXRWDQWR 3) Production of district heat and combined production of district heat (URDDWDXOXNRQOXYXVWD and electricity. Differs from figure in table 4.2.  (URDDWDXOXNRQOXYXVWD 4) Differs from figure in table 6.1. /LVlWLHWRDZZZNDDVX\KGLVW\VIL Further information from: www.kaasuyhdistys.fi

/lKWHHW 6XRPHQ.DDVX\KGLVW\VU\YXRWHHQDVWL1HVWH2\M Sources: Finnish Gas Association; up till 1987 Neste Group, ,PDWUDQ9RLPD2\MD6XRPHQ.DXNROlPS|U\ Imatran Voima Oy and Finnish District Heating Association

Tilastokeskus 51  7HROOLVXXGHQUHDNWLROlPP|QNl\WW| Use of industrial reaction heat

.l\WW|\KWHHQVl 6lKN|QWXRWDQWRRQ Total use To electricity generation 7-  «««««««««««««   «««««««««««««   «««««««««««««   «««««««««««««   «««««««««««««   «««««««««««««   «««««««««««««   «««««««««««««   «««««««««««««   «««««««««««««   «««««««««««««   «««««««««««««   «««««««««««««   «««««««««««««   «««««««««««««   «««««««««««««   «««««««««««««   «««««««««««««   «««««««««««««   «««««««««««««   «««««««««««««   «««««««««««««   «««««««««««««   «««««««««««««   «««««««««««««   «««««««««««««   «««««««««««««   «««««««««««««   «««««««««««««   «««««««««««««   «««««««««««««   «««««««««««««   «««««««««««««   «««««««««««««   «««««««««««««   «««««««««««««     «««««««««««««     «««««««««««««     «««««««««««««     «««««««««««««     «««««««««««««   

/lKGH 7LODVWRNHVNXV

52 Tilastokeskus  (QHUJLDWXUSHHQWXRWDQWRMDNXOXWXV Production and consumption of peat fuel

7XRWDQWR 7XRQWL 9LHQWL .XOXWXV Production Imports Exports Consumption -\UVLQ 3DOD

Tilastokeskus 53  8XVLXWXYDWHQHUJLDOlKWHHW Renewable energy sources

9HVLYRLPD 7XXOLYRLPD $XULQNR 0HWVl 7HROOLVXXGHQMD 3XXQ Hydro power Wind power HQHUJLD WHROOLVXXGHQ HQHUJLDQWXRWDQQRQ SLHQNl\WW| 6XXUYHVLYRLPD 3LHQYHVLYRLPD 0LQLYHVLYRLPD

6lKN|QWXRWDQQRQ\KWHLVPLWDOOLVWDPLQHQSROWWRDLQHLGHQNDQVVD 9HVLWXXOLMDDXULQNRYRLPD7-*:K   6LVlOWllWHROOLVXXGHQSXXWlKWHHQNLHUUlW\VSXXQPHWVlKDNNHHQVHNlPHWVlWHROOLVXXGHQPXXWVLYXMDMlWHWXRWWHHW  6LVlOWllNLHUUlW\VMDMlWHSROWWRDLQHLGHQELRKDMRDYDQRVXXGHQ WDXOXNNR   6LVlOWllNDVYLMDHOlLQSHUlLVHWWXRWWHHW PPSHOWRELRPDVVDQ VHNlQHVWHPlLVHWELRSROWWRDLQHHW  6LVlOWllPDDOlPS|MDLOPDOlPS|SXPSSXMHQWXRWWDPDQOlPP|QYlKHQQHWW\QlSXPSSXMHQRPDNl\WW|VlKN|OOl  6LVlOW\\PRRWWRULEHQVLLQLQGLHVHO|OM\QNHY\HQSROWWR|OM\QMDPRRWWRULSROWWR|OM\QPllUllQPPWDXOXNRLVVDMD  6LVlOWllYHVLMDWXXOLYRLPDQOLVlNVLNDLNHQPPSXXSROWWRDLQHLOODVHNlNLHUUlW\VMDVHNDSROWWRDLQHLGHQELRKDMRDYDOODRVXXGHOODWXRWHWXQVlKN|Q 7LHGRWYDVWDDYDWVlKN|QWXRWDQWRWDXOXNNRD9XRGHVWDWDDNVHSlLQRQ PXXW U\KPlVWlYlKHQQHWW\PDVXXQLMDNRNVLNDDVXOOD WHROOLVXXGHQUHDNWLROlPP|OOlVHNlNLHUUlW\V|OM\LOOlWXRWHWWXVlKN| NVP\|VWDXOXWMD

/lKWHHW ± (QHUJLDWHROOLVXXVU\  (QHUJLDWHROOLVXXVU\MD977 7XXOLYRLPD  6ROSURV2\ ± NVWDXOXNNR ± 7LODVWRNHVNXV

54 Tilastokeskus .LHUUlW\V 0XX %LRNDDVX /lPS| /LLNHQWHHQMDOlPPLW\NVHQ

Electricity generation convertion to be commensurate with fuels Hydro, wind and solar power: 3.6 TJ/GWh (100%) 1) Includes industrial wood residue, recycled wood, forest chips and by-products and waste products from forest industry. 2) Includes the biodegradable part of recovered and waste fuels (table 2.10). 3) Includes plant-derived and animal-derived products (e.g. field biomass) and liquid biofuels. 4) Contains the heat generated by ground heat and air heat pumps deducted by the electricity consumption of the pumps. 5) Included in the amount of motor gasoline, diesel fuel, light fuel oil and gasoil for non-road use in tables 1.3, 2.3 and 5.1. 6) In addition to hydro and wind power, includes all electricity generated by wood fuels and biodegradable parts of recovered and mixed fuels. The data correspond to table 3.3 on electricity production. Prior to 1999, the group "Others" excludes electricity generated by blast furnace gas, coke oven gas, reaction heat of industry and waste oil See also tables 2.9, 2.10, 2.11, 3.3, 3.4.1, 3.4.2 and 4.2

Sources: 1–4: Finnish Energy Industries 5: Finnish Energy Industries and VTT (Wind power) 6: Solpros Oy 7–9: See table 2.9 10–11: Statistics Finland /Environment and energy 12: Biogas register: Suomen Biokaasukeskus ry and University of Joensuu 13: See tables 2.11 and 7.3 14–17: Board of Customs and Statistics Finland /Environment and energy 20: See table 3.3

Tilastokeskus 55  3XXSROWWRDLQHHW Wood fuels

0HWVl 7HROOLVXXGHQSXXWlKWHHW 0XXWPHWVl .LHUUlW\VSXX WHROOLVXXGHQ Industrial wood residues 2) WHROOLVXXGHQ Recovered MlWHOLHPHW 3XX 6DKDQSXUX .XRUL 3HOOHWLWMD 0XX

7lPlWDXOXNNRHLVLVlOOlSXUNXSXXWDMRNDRQNLHUUlW\VSROWWRDLQHWDXOXNRVVD This table does not contain demolition wood, which is included in table 2.10 on recovered fuels.

3XXSHOOHWLW Wood pellets

7XRWDQWR 7XRQWL 9LHQWL 9DUDVWR .RWLPDDQNXOXWXV 7XRWDQWR 7XRQWL 9LHQWL 9DUDVWR .RWLPDDQ Production Imports Exports PXXWRV Domestic consumtion Production Imports Exports PXXWRV NXOXWXV Stock .RWLMD /lPS|MD

7DXOXNNRVLVlOWllSHOOHWWLHQNXOXWXNVHQOlPS|MDYRLPDODLWRNVLVVD The table includes the consumption of wood pellets by heat and power plants, VXXUNLLQWHLVW|LVVlVHNlSLHQWDORNLLQWHLVW|LVVl NRWLMDPDDWDORXGHW  large properties and small properties (households and farms). The distribution .XOXWXNVHQMDNDXWXPLQHQSHUXVWXXSXXSHOOHWWLHQYDOPLVWDMLHQDUYLRRQ of the consumption is based on the estimates of wood pellet producers.

/lKWHHW 0HWODYXRWHHQDVWL977 Sources: Finnish Forest Research Institute, up till 2005 VTT 3XXSHOOHWWLHQWXRQWLMDYLHQWLWLHGRW (Technical Research Centre of Finland) 7XOOLKDOOLWXV Data on imports and exports of wood pellets 2010: National Board of Customs

56 Tilastokeskus 0HWVlKDNH 0XXSXXQ

                                                                

 0HWVlWHROOLVXXGHQMlWHOLHPLHQPllULlRQWDUNLVWHWWXYXRGHVWD 1) As of 2000, amounts of spent liquor has been checked. OlKWLHQ  6LVlOWllWHROOLVXXGHQMDHQHUJLDQWXRWDQQRQNl\WWlPlWSROWWRDLQHHW 2) Includes fuels used in industry and energy production.  6LVlOWllYDLQHQHUJLDQWXRWDQQRQMDWHROOLVXXGHQNl\WWlPlWSXX 3) Includes only pellets and briquettes used by energy production SHOOHWLWMDEULNHWLW.VP\|VHULOOLQHQSXXSHOOHWWLWDXOXNNR and industry. Also see separate table on wood pellets.  6LVlOWllPPHQHUJLDOlKWHHQlNl\WHW\QPlQW\MDNRLYX|OM\Q 4) Includes e.g. burnt tall oil and birch oil, methanol, fibreous PHWDQROLQELROLHWWHHWVHNlSDSHULQ sludges and paper.  .LHUUlW\VSXXRQSXKGDVWDSXXWDNXWHQPPXXGLVUDNHQWDPLVHQ 5) Recovered wood is clean wood, such as waste wood of MlWHSXXMDNXRUPDODYDW newbuilding, pallets, etc.  6LVlOWllPDDWLORMHQMDSLHQWDORNLLQWHLVW|MHQPHWVlKDNNHHQNl\W|Q 6) Includes use of forest chips by farms and detached house 9XRGHVWDOlKWLHQOXNXSHUXVWXX0HWVlQWXWNLPXVODLWRNVHQ properties. The figure since 2002 is based on the Finnish WXWNLPXNVLLQSROWWRSXXQNl\W|VWlSLHQWDORLVVD Foresty Research Institute’s survey on use of wood fuel in small houses during the heating  6LVlOWllSLONNHHQSHOOHWWLHQMDEULNHWWLHQSLHQNl\W|Q 7) Includes use of chopped firewood, pellets and briquettes.

/lKWHHW  (OLQNHLQRHOlPlQ.HVNXVOLLWWR DLN77 YXRWHHQ Sources: 1: Confederation of Finnish Industries DVWL7HROOLVXXGHQ(QHUJLDOLLWWRU\ 2–8: Finnish Forest Research Institute ± 0HWVlQWXWNLPXVODLWRV 9: Statistics Finland /Environment and energy  7LODVWRNHVNXV

Tilastokeskus 57  .LHUUlW\VMDMlWHSROWWRDLQHHW Recovered and waste fuels

.LHUUlW\VMDPXXWVHNDSROWWRDLQHHW 3XUNXSXX\PV 0XXWMlWHSROWWRDLQHHW Recovered and other mixed fuels 1) Demolition wood, etc. 2) Other waste fuels 3) IRVV ELR

 .LHUUlW\VSROWWRDLQHHWRYDWV\QW\SDLNNDODMLWHOOXVWD\KG\VNXQWDMlWWHHVWlWDLVLLKHQULQQDVWHWWDYDVWDNDXSSRMHQMDWHROOLVXXGHQMlWWHHVWl YDOPLVWHWWXDSROWWRDLQHWWD.LHUUlW\VSROWWRDLQHHQELRKDMRDYDNVLRVXXGHNVLODVNHWDDQSURVHQWWLD 0XXWVHNDSROWWRDLQHHWRYDWHULODLVLDWXRWDQQRQMlWHWDLVLYXWXRWWHLWDMRWNDVLVlOWlYlWVHNlIRVVLLOLVWD SURVHQWWLD HWWlELRKDMRDYDD SURVHQWWLD KLLOWl  3XUNXSXXKXQVLVlOW\YlWNl\W|VWlSRLVWHWXWUDWDS|ON\WVHNlUDNHQQXVMDSXUNXWRLPLQQDQSXXMlWWHHWMRLKLQVLVlOW\\HSlSXKWDXNVLD NXWHQN\OOlVW\VDLQHLWDUDVNDVPHWDOOHMDWPV3XUNXSXXQELRKDMRDYDNVLRVXXGHNVLODVNHWDDQSURVHQWWLD  0XLKLQMlWHSROWWRDLQHLVLLQNXXOXYDWPPPXRYLNXPLMDRQJHOPDMlWWHHW  .LLQWHLVWlUDDNDDLQHLVWDWHUPLVHVVlNDDVXWXVSURVHVVLVVDYDOPLVWHWWXSROWWRDLQHNDDVX 7XRWHNDDVXQPllUlWHLYlWROHPXNDQDNRNRQDLVPllUlVVlNRVNDWXRWHNDDVXQUDDNDDLQHHWVLVlOW\YlWMRPXLKLQU\KPLLQ

/lKGH 7LODVWRNHVNXV

58 Tilastokeskus .LHUUlW\VMDMlWHSROWWRDLQHHW\KWHHQVl 9HW\ 7XRWHNDDVX Recovered and waste fuels total Hydrogen Product gas 4) IRVV ELR

                                                                                                             

1) Recovered fuels are fuels produced from municipal waste sorted at point of origin or comparable fuels produced from waste of retail shops and industry. Biodegradable part of recovered fuels is calculated as being 50 per cent. Other mixed fuels are various types of production waste and by-products containing both fossil (60 per cent) and biodegradable (40 per cent) coal. 2) Demolition wood includes disused railway sleepers and construction and demolition wood waste, which contains impurities, such as impregnating agents, heavy metals, etc. Biodegradable part of demolition wood is calculated as being 90 per cent. 3) Other waste fuels include such as plastic, rubber and hazardous waste. 4) Fuel gas produced from solid raw materials in a thermal gasification process. The amounts of product gas are not included in the total, because the raw materials of product gas are already contained in other groups.

6RXUFH Statistics Finland /Environment and energy

Tilastokeskus 59  3LHQWDORMHQOlPS|SXPSXW Heat pumps of detached houses

0DDOlPS|SXPSSX ,OPDYHVLOlPS| ,OPDOlPS|SXPSSX 0DDOlPS|MDLOPDYHVL 3RLVWRLOPDOlPS|SXPSSX Ground heat pump SXPSSX Air heat pump OlPS|MDLOPDOlPS| Exhaust air heat pump Air-water heat pump SXPSXW Ground heat pumps, air-water heat pumps and air heat pumps 0llUl .DSDVL 0llUl .DSDVL 0llUl .DSDVL /lPP|Q 6lKN|Q 0llUl .DSDVL 7DOWHHQ 6lKN|Q Quantity WHHWWL Quantity WHHWWL Quantity WHHWWL WXRWDQWR Nl\WW| Quantity WHHWWL RWHWWX Nl\WW| Capacity Capacity Capacity Heat Use of Capacity OlPS| Used production electricity Heat electricity recovered NSO NSO NSO NSO 1R 0: 1R 0: 1R 0: *:K *:K 1R 0: *:K *:K        ««« ±±± ± ±±±± «««   ± ± ± ±       «««   ± ± ± ±       «««   ± ± ± ±       «««   ± ± ± ±       «««   ± ± ± ±       «««   ± ± ± ±       «««   ± ± ± ±       «««   ± ± ± ±       «««   ± ± ± ±       «««   ± ± ± ±       «««   ± ± ± ±       «««   ± ± ± ±       «««   ± ±         «««   ± ±         «««   ± ±         «««   ± ±         «««   ± ±         «««   ± ±         «««   ± ±         «««   ± ±         «««   ± ±         «««   ± ±         «««   ± ±         «««   ± ±         «««   ± ±         «««             «««             «««             «««             «««             «««            

/XYXWRYDWPXXWWXQHHWDLNDVDUMDVVDXXGHQODVNHQWDPDOOLQMDPHQHWHOPlQPXXWRVWHQYXRNVL Figures in the time series have changed due to a new calculation model and revision of the calculation method. 0XLVVDUDNHQQXNVLVVDNl\WHWW\OlPS|SXPSSXMHQWXRWWDPDHQHUJLDO|\W\\WDXOXNRVWD Data on heat pump energy used in other buildings are shown in table 7.3. 3LHQWDORMHQOlPS|SXPSSXMHQWXRWWDPDNVLSULPllULHQHUJLDNVL PPWDXOXNRLVVD Heat generation of ground heat pumps, air/water heat pumps and ODVNHWDDQPDDOlPS|LOPDYHVLOlPS|MDLOPDOlPS|SXPSSXMHQOlPP|QWXRWDQWR air heat pumps minus own electricity use is counted as primary energy YlKHQQHWW\QlVlKN|QRPDNl\W|OOl3LHQWDORWYDVWDDWDXOXNRVVDHULOOLVLl produced by heat pumps of one-family houses. In table 7.3 one-family SLHQWDORMD3ULPllULHQHUJLDQNRNRQDLVNXOXWXNVHVVD PPWDXOXNRLVVD houses correspond to detached houses. In total consumption of primary MD KXRPLRLGDDQOLVlNVLPXLGHQUDNHQQXVWHQOlPS|SXPSSXMHQWXRWWDPD energy (e.g. in tables 1.3, 1.7 and 2.8) energy produced by heat pumps HQHUJLD WDXOXNRVWD 0XLVVDWDXOXNRLVVDLOPRLWHWXWOlPS|SXPSSXMHQ of other buildings is also taken into consideration (from table 7.3). SULPllULHQHUJLDPllUlWRYDWOLVlNVLS\|ULVWHWW\MlOXNXMD The figures for primary energy volumes of heat pumps given in other tables are rounded.

/lKWHHW 6XRPHQ/lPS|SXPSSX\KGLVW\V68/38U\ Sources: Finnish Heat Pump Association SULPU 7LODVWRNHVNXNV

60 Tilastokeskus 3 Sähkö Electricity  6lKN|QKDQNLQWD Supply of electricity

(ULOOLVWXRWDQWR

 7LHGRWSHUXVWXYDWQHOMlQQHVYXRVLWWDLVHHQHQHUJLDWLODVWRRQ 1) Based on quarterly energy statistics.  6LVlOWllKXLSSXNDDVXWXUELLQLWMDPRRWWRULYRLPDQ 2) Includes peak gas turbines and gas engines. 3XXWWXYLHQYXRVLHQWLHGRWO|\W\YlW(QHUJLD&'OWl Data for the missing years on the EnergyCD. 7DXOXNRLGHQMDWLHGRWOXYXVWDDONDHQ The EnergyCD contains data concerning the 1960s. (QHUJLD&'OOl /lKWHHW 7LODVWRNHVNXV

Tilastokeskus 61  6lKN|QNXOXWXV Electricity Consumption

$VXPLQHQ /LLNHQQH 7HROOLVXXV 5DNHQQXV 0DDWDORXV Housing Transport Industry WRLPLQWD WXRWDQWR $VXLQ /DLWHVlKN|

$VXPLVHQHQHUJLDQNXOXWXVSURMHNWLVVDSlLYLWHWWLLQUDNHQQXVWHQOlPPLW\VHQHUJLDQODVNHQWDPDOOLDMDPHQHWHOPLl1lLGHQPXXWRVWHQMRKGRVWDWDXOXNNRDRQ PXXWHWWXVLWHQHWWl$VXPLQHQ\KWHHQVlVDUDNNHHVHHQRQVXPPDWWXDLHPPLQMXONDLVWXQWDXOXNRQVDUDNNHHW$VXLQUDNHQQXVWHQVlKN|OlPPLW\V.RWLWDORXGHW .LLQWHLVW|WMD/RPDDVXQQRW3DOYHOXWMDMXONLQHQNXOXWXVVDUDNNHHVHHQRQWlVVlVXPPDWWXDLHPPLQMXONDLVWXQWDXOXNRQ6lKN|OlPPLW\VPXXWVDUDNH

 $VXLQUDNHQQXVWHQVlKN|OlPPLW\NVHHQRQODVNHWWXVXRUDMDYDUDDYDVlKN|OlPPLW\VVlKN|OOlWDSDKWXYDOLVlOlPPLW\VMDODWWLDOlPPLW\V OlPS|SXPSSXMHQNl\WWlPlVlKN|VlKN|OOlWDSDKWXYDNl\WW|YHGHQOlPPLW\VVlKN|NLXNDDWVHNlOlPPLW\VMlUMHVWHOPLHQMDOlPP|QMDNRODLWWHLGHQ NXOXWWDPDVlKN|  $VXPLVHQODLWHVlKN||QVLVlOW\\VlKN|QNl\WW|YDODLVWXNVHVVDUXXDQODLWRVVDMDPXLVVDNRWLWDORXNVLHQVlKN|ODLWWHLVVDPXNDDQOXNLHQDVXLQ NLLQWHLVW|MHQYDODLVWXVMDVlKN|ODLWWHHW  /XNXXQVLVlOW\\PDDWDORXVWXRWDQQRVVDMDWXRWDQWRUDNHQQXNVLVVDNl\WHWW\VlKN|(LVLVlOOlPDDWLORMHQDVXLQUDNHQQXVWHQVlKN|QNXOXWXVWD MRNDNXXOXXVDUDNNHHVHHQ$VXLQUDNHQQXVWHQVlKN|OlPPLW\V7LHWRRQDUYLRLWX

/lKWHHW (QHUJLDWHROOLVXXVU\MD7LODVWRNHVNXV

62 Tilastokeskus 3DOYHOXWMD .XOXWXV +lYL|W .RNRQDLVNXOXWXV MXONLQHQNXOXWXV Consumption Losses Total consumption Services and public sector

                                                                                                                                       

       

       

The calculation model and methods for heating energy of buildings were updated by the energy consumption in housing project. Because of these changes the table was changed so that the columns Electric heating of residential buildings, Households, Real estate and Holiday residences in the previously published table are summed up in the Housing total column. The Electric heating, others column in the previously published table is here summed up in the Services and public sector column.

1) Electrical heating of residential buildings includes direct electrical heating, electric storage heating, additional heating and floor heating by electricity, electricity used by heat pumps, heating of domestic water by electricity, electric sauna stoves and electricity consumed by heating systems and heat distribution equipment. 2) Electricity for housing equipment includes use of electricity in heating, cooking and other electric equipment, including heating and electric equipment of residential real estate. 3) The figure includes electricity used in agricultural production and production buildings. Does not contain electricity consumption of agricultural residential buildings, which is included in the column Electric heating of residential buildings. The data are estimated. Sources: Finnish Energy Industries and Statistics Finland /Environment and energy

Tilastokeskus 63  6lKN|QKDQNLQWDHQHUJLDOlKWHLWWlLQ Supply of electricity by energy source

9HVLYRLPD 7XXOLYRLPD

7LHGRWSROWWRDLQHLWWDLVLVWDVlKN|QWXRWDQQRLVWDSHUXVWXYDWYXRGHVWD Data since 2000 on the production of electricity by different fuels derive from OlKWLHQ7LODVWRNHVNXNVHQVlKN|QMDOlPP|QWXRWDQWRWLODVWRRQ Statistics Finland’s statistics on the production of electricity and heat. 7DUNHPPDWWLHGRW 0XLVWDSROWWRDLQHLVWD (QHUJLD&'OOl Detailed data on the production of electricity by “Other fuels” can be found on the EnergyCD.  3XXSROWWRDLQHLOODWXRWHWWXVlKN|RQHURWHOWX 0XXWSROWWRDLQHHW  1) Electricity produced by wood fuels have been separately OXRNDVWDYXRGHVWDOlKWLHQ distinguished from the category “Other fuels” since 2000.

/lKWHHW 7LODVWRNHVNXV

64 Tilastokeskus 3.4 Sähkön ja lämmön tuotannon energialähteet Energy sources in heat and power production  6lKN|QWXRWDQQRQHQHUJLDOlKWHHW Energy sources in electricity generation

9HVLYRLPD 7XXOLYRLPD

9HVLMDWXXOLYRLPDMDVlKN|QQHWWRWXRQWLRQ\KWHLVPLWDOOLVWHWWXSROWWRDLQHLVLLQ Hydro and wind power and net imports of electricity were made VXRUDDQVDDGXQVlKN|QPXNDDQ 7-*:K MD\GLQHQHUJLDRQODVNHWWX commensurate with fuels according to directly obtained electricity QK\|W\VXKWHHOODWXRWHWXVWD\GLQYRLPDVWD 7-*:K  (3.6 TJ/GWh) and nuclear energy at the efficiency ratio of 33 per cent from nuclear power (10.91 TJ/GWh). 6lKN|QMDOlPP|Q\KWHLVWXRWDQQRQSROWWRDLQHHWRQYXRGHVWDOlKWLHQMDHWWX Since 2000, fuels used in combined heat and power production have VlKN|OOHMDOlPP|OOHWXRWDQWRMHQVXKWHHVVD HQHUJLDPHQHWHOPlNV(QHUJLD&'OWl been allocated to electricity and heat according to their ratios of WDXOXNNR 9XRWHHQVDDNND\KWHLVWXRWDQQRQSROWWRDLQHHWRQMDHWWXVLWHQ production (energy method, see table 3.4.3 on the EnergyCD). HWWlOlPP|OOHRQNRKGLVWHWWXSROWWRDLQHHWYDLKWRHKWRLVHQHULOOLVWXRWDQQRQK\|W\ Up to 1999, fuels used in combined heat and power production were VXKWHHQPXNDLVHVWLMDVlKN|OOHMlOMHOOHMllYlSROWWRDLQH7DUNHPPDWSROWWRDLQHWLHGRW principally divided so that the amount of fuel required for alternative, 0XLGHQSROWWRDLQHLGHQ RVDOWDO|\W\YlW(QHUJLD&'OWl separate heat production was allocated to heat and the remaining fuel +\|G\QMDNRPHQHWHOPlQPXNDLVHWVlKN|QMDNDXNROlPP|Q\KWHLVWXRWDQQRQ was allocated to power. SROWWRDLQHWLHGRWO|\W\YlW(QHUJLD&'OWlWDXOXNRVWD Detailed data on “Other fuels” can be found on the EnergyCD. Data on fuels used for combined production of electricity and district heat calculated with the benefit allocation method can be found in table 3.4.4 on the EnergyCD.  7XUSHHOODWXRWHWWXVlKN|VLVlOW\\ 0XXWSROWWRDLQHHW OXRNNDDQYXRWHHQ 1) Untill 1983 includes electricity produced from peat to category DVWL 'Other fuels'.  6lKN|QWXRWDQQRQSXXSROWWRDLQHHWRQHURWHOWX 0XXWSROWWRDLQHHW OXRNDVWD 2) Wood fuels used in power production have been separately YXRGHVWDOlKWLHQ distinguished from the category “Other fuels” since 2000. 3XXWWXYLHQYXRVLHQWLHGRWO|\W\YlW(QHUJLD&'OWl Data for the missing years on the EnergyCD.

/lKWHHW 7LODVWRNHVNXV

Tilastokeskus 65  6lKN|QMDOlPP|QWXRWDQWRMDHQHUJLDOlKWHHW Heat and power production and energy sources 2010

9HVLYRLPD 7XXOLYRLPD

7-  6lKN|QHULOOLVWXRWDQQRQHQHUJLDOlKWHHW\KWHHQVl± Energy sources of separate electricity generation total ««««««««««        9HVLYRLPD±Hydro power ««««««««««««««««««««  ± ± ± ± ± ± 7XXOLYRLPD± Wind power «««««««««««««««««««« ±  ± ± ± ± ±

6lKN|QWXRWDQWRQHWWRWXRQWL±Electricity generation / net imports *:K««        .DXNROlPP|QWXRWDQWR ±Production of district heat 4) *:K«««««« ± ± ±     7HROOLVXXVK|\U\QWXRWDQWR ±Production of industrial steam 5) *:K««« ± ± ±    

7DXOXNRQHQHUJLDQWXRWDQWRMDSROWWRDLQHWLHGRWSHUXVWXYDW(QHUJLDWHROOLVXXVU\MD7LODVWRNHVNXNVHQN\VHO\LKLQ /lPP|QWXRWDQWRMHQRVDOWDN\VHO\HLROHNDWWDYDYDDQPPSLHQWHQOlPS|NHVNXVWHQMDWHROOLVXXVODLWRVWHQWLHGRWSXXWWXYDWYLHOlRVLWWDLQ 9HVLMDWXXOLYRLPDMDVlKN|QQHWWRWXRQWLRQ\KWHLVPLWDOOLVWHWWXSROWWRDLQHLVLLQVXRUDDQVDDGXQVlKN|QPXNDDQ 7-*:K  MD\GLQHQHUJLDRQODVNHWWXQK\|W\VXKWHHOODWXRWHWXVWD\GLQYRLPDVWD 7-*:K 9DVWDDYDWWDXOXNRWYXRWHHQVDDNNDO|\W\YlW(QHUJLD&'OWl 9XRGHVWDOlKWLHQVlKN|QMDOlPP|Q\KWHLVWXRWDQQRQSROWWRDLQHLGHQMDNRVlKN|OOHMDOlPP|OOHO|\W\\(QHUJLD&'OWlWDXOXNRLVWD HQHUJLDPHQHWHOPl  MD K\|G\QMDNRPHQHWHOPl  6lKN|QMDOlPP|QWXRWDQQRQKLLOLGLRNVLGLSllVW|WYXRGHVWDOlKWLHQO|\W\YlWWDXOXNRLVWDMD (QHUJLD&'   /DXKGHYRLPDDQVLVlOW\\P\|VVlKN|QMDOlPP|Q\KWHLVWXRWDQQRQ\KWH\GHVVlWXRWHWWXODXKGHVlKN| VHNlVlKN|QOLVlWXRWDQWRDSXODXKGXWWLPLOOD  6lKN|QMDNDXNROlPP|Q\KWHLVWXRWDQWRVHNlVlKN|QMDWHROOLVXXVK|\U\Q\KWHLVWXRWDQWRRQHURWHWWXSURVHVVLNRKWDLVHVWLKXRPLRLGHQ NDXNROlPS|SURVHVVLQSDUHPPDQUDNHQQXVDVWHHQ  /lPP|QHULOOLVWXRWDQQRVVDRQPXNDQDVXRUDDQNDWWLODVWDWDOWHHQRWHWWXUHGXNWLROlPS|  /XYXWHURDYDWWDXOXNRLGHQMDOXYXLVWD(URWMRKWXYDWOlKGHDLQHLVWRMHQHURDYDLVXXGHVWDVHNlNDXNROlPP|QHULODLVHVWDPllULWHOPlVWl 7lVVlWDXOXNRVVDNDXNROlPP|NVLODVNHWDDQNDLNNLUDNHQQXVWHQOlPPLW\NVHHQWXRWHWWXOlPS|HQHUJLDULLSSXPDWWDVLLWlVLLUUHWllQN|OlPS| NDXNROlPS|YHUNRQNDXWWD  7HROOLVXXVK|\U\VLVlOWllWHROOLVXXVSURVHVVHLKLQNl\WHW\QOlPS|HQHUJLDQ.DLNLVVDWDSDXNVLVVDWHKWDDWHLYlWHURWWHOHUDNHQQXVWHQ OlPPLW\NVHHQNl\WHWW\lRVXXWWD  0XXWXXVLXWXYDWSROWWRDLQHHWVLVlOWlYlWPPELRNDDVXQMDVHNDSROWWRDLQHLGHQELRKDMRDYDQRVXXGHQ  0XXWIRVVLLOLVHWSROWWRDLQHHWVLVlOWlYlWPPPDVXXQLMDNRNVLNDDVXQNRNVLQPXRYLMDRQJHOPDMlWWHHQVHNlVHNDSROWWRDLQHLGHQIRVVLLOLVHQRVXXGHQ  0XXWHQHUJLDOlKWHHWVLVlOWlYlWYHG\QVlKN|NDWWLORLVVDMDOlPS|SXPSXLVVDNl\WHW\QVlKN|QVHNlWHROOLVXXGHQUHDNWLRMDVHNXQGllULOlPP|Q

/lKWHHW7LODVWRNHVNXV

66 Tilastokeskus 3XXSROWWRDLQHHW 0XXWXXVLXWXYDW 0XXWIRVVLLOLVHW 0XXWHQHUJLD 1HWWRWXRQWL

    ±   ± ± ± ± ± ± ±   ± ± ± ± ± ± ±   ± ± ± ± ± ± ±   ± ±     ±   ± ±

    ±         ±    ±     ±   ±  ± ± ± ±    ± ±

    ±  ±       ±  ±  ±     ±  ± ±          

          ±      ± 

The energy generation and fuel data included in the table are based on inquiries carried out by the Finnish Energy Industries and Statistics Finland. The inquiry is not comprehensive as regards production of heat. Data from e.g. small heating plants and industrial plants are still partly missing. Hydro and wind power and net imports of electricity were made commensurate with fuels according to directly obtained electricity (3.6 TJ/GWh) and nuclear energy at the efficiency ratio of 33 per cent from nuclear power (10.91 TJ/GWh). Comparable tables until the year 2000 are available on the EnergyCD. Data from 2000 onwards on carbon dioxide emissions from heat and power production are presented in Tables 11.3.2 and 3.4.3 (energy method) and 11.3.2 (2) and 3.4.4 (benefit allocation method). The carbon dioxide emissions from heat and power production as from the year 2000 can be found in tables 11.3.2 and 3.4.3 (EnergyCD). 1) Condensing power also includes condensing power produced and separately recovered in connection with combined heat and power production, and additional production of electricity with auxiliary condensers. 2) Combined production of electricity and district heat and combined production of electricity and industrial steam have been distinguished by process and the better heat to power ratio of the district heat process has been taken into account. 3) Separate production of heat also includes reduction heat recovered direct from boilers. 4) The figures deviate from those presented in tables 4.1 and 4.2. The deviations are due to disparities in the source data and in the definition of district heat. In this table, all heat energy produced to heat buildings is regarded as district heat, irrespective of where it is distributed through the public district heat network. 5) Industrial steam includes the heat energy used for industrial processes. Factories do not always distinguish separately the share used to heat buildings. 6) Other renewable fuels include e.g. biogas and the biodegradable part of mixed fuels. 7) Other fossil fuels include blast furnace and coke oven gas, coke, plastic and hazardous waste and fossil part of mixed fuels. 8) Other energy sources include hydrogen, electricity used in electric boilers and heat pumps as well as reaction and secondary heat of industry.

Sources: Statistics Finland /Environment and energy, Finnish Energy Industries and VTT (wind power)

Tilastokeskus 67  6lKN|QWXRWDQWRNDSDVLWHHWWLKXLSSXNXRUPLWXVNDXGHOOD Electricity generation capacities in peak load period

(ULOOLVWXRWDQWR

.RYLHQSDNNDVWHQMDKXRQRQYHVLWLODQWHHQDLNDQD\KWlDLNDDNl\WHWWlYLVVl The simultaneously available capacity (net) of power plants during ROHYD QHWWR WHKRMRNDS\VW\WllQWXRWWDPDDQ\KGHQWXQQLQDMDQ6XRPHVVD extreme cold and bad water situations, which can be produced during /DVNHQWDWDSDPXXWWXLYXRQQDMROORLQMlUMHVWHOPlQ\OOlSLWRRQOLLWW\YlW one hour in Finland. The calculation method was amended in 2003, UHVHUYLWHKRWHURWHWWLLQRPDDQVDUDNNHHVHHQVD/LVlNVLOlPS|YRLPDQWXRWDQWR when the reserve capacities related to system maintenance were ODMLMDNRDPXXWHWWLLQMDSRLVWHWWLLQVDUDNNHHVWDPXXNXLQNDDVXWXUSLLQLNDSDVLWHHWWL placed into a separate column. /LLWWHHVVl V WDUNHPSLNXYDXVNDSDVLWHHWLQPllULWWHO\VWl In appendix 1 (p. 147) definition for electrical capacity in peak load period.  .XLYDQDYHVLYXRQQDVHNlLOPDQWDDMXXGHQVllW||QMDKHWNHOOLVLLQ 1) On a dry water year and without the capacity reserved for frequency KlLUL|LKLQYDUDWWXDNDSDVLWHHWWLD control and instantaneous disturbances.  7LODVWRLQQLVVDRQWDSDKWXQXWPXXWRVYXRGHQDOXVWD 2) Statistical method was changed at beginning of 1988.  9XRGHVWDOlKWLHQVLVlOWllP\|VNDDVXWXUELLQLWMDPRRWWRULW 3) Includes gas turbines and engines since 2008.  6LVlOWlQ\WYXRGHQORSSXXQVDDNNDMlUMHVWHOPlNDDVXWXUELLQLW 4) Until the end of 1998, including system gas turbines. Local disturbance  3DLNDOOLVHWKlLUL|MDYDUDMlUMHVWHOPlWHLYlWVLVlOO\OXNXLKLQ and backup systems are not included in the figures.  6LVlOWll\KWHLVWXRWDQWRNl\W|VVlROHYDWNDDVXWXUELLQLW 5) Includes gas turbines in CHP use.  6lKN|MlUMHVWHOPlQNl\WW|YDUPXXGHQ\OOlSLWRRQYDUDWXWNDDVXWXUELLQLW 6) Gas turbines reserved for maintaining the operation reliability of the VHNlVWLYHVLYRLPDNDSDVLWHHWLVWDYDUDWXWWDDMXXGHQVllW|MD electricity system and 90 per cent of the frequency control and KHWNHOOLVHWKlLUL|UHVHUYLW instantaneous disturbance reserves reserved from hydro power capacity.  6lKN|PDUNNLQRLGHQYDSDXGXWWXDWXRQWLNDSDVLWHHWWLDHLHQllLOPRLWHWD 7) As the electricity markets have been deregulated, import capacity is no WXRQWLVRSLPXNVLLQSHUXVWXYDQD7XRQWLNDSDVLWHHWWLRQOLVlWW\WDXOXNNRRQ longer given on the basis of import contracts. Import capacity was added  9XRGHQDOXVVD to table 3.6. 8) At beginning of year 3XXWWXYLHQYXRVLHQWLHGRWO|\W\YlW(QHUJLD&'OWl Data for the missing years on the EnergyCD.

/lKWHHW )LQJULG2\MMD(QHUJLDPDUNNLQDYLUDVWR Sources: Fingrid Oyj and the Energy Market Authority

68 Tilastokeskus  6lKN|QWXRWDQQRQYRLPDODLWRVNDSDVLWHHWWLNRQHLVWRMHQQLPHOOLVWHKRWYXRGHQDOXVVD Capacity of electricity generation, nominal capacity of production engines at beginning of year

(ULOOLVWXRWDQWR

1LPHOOLVWHKRRQNRQHLVWRMHQNLOSLDUYRLVVDLOPRLWHWWXDVHQQHWWXWHKR EUXWWR  Nominal capacity is the installed power of individual engines (gross).  6LVlOWll\KWHLVWXRWDQWRNl\W|VVlROHYDWNDDVXWXUELLQLW 1) Includes gas turbines in CHP use.  6LVlOWllOLVlODXKGXWXVRVXXGHQ 2) Includes the additional condensing power share.  $UYLR 3) Estimation  6XXULQVDOOLWWXVLLUWRMRKWRMHQPLWRLWXNVHHQSHUXVWXYDWXRQWLNDSDVLWHHWWL 4) The maximum allowed importation capacity based on the dimensioning YlKHQQHWW\QlWDDMXXGHQVllW|UHVHUYLOOl of transmission lines less frequency control reserve. 3XXWWXYLHQYXRVLHQWLHGRWO|\W\YlW(QHUJLD&'OWl Data for the missing years on the EnergyCD.

/lKWHHW (QHUJLDPDUNNLQDYLUDVWRMD977 WXXOLYRLPD  Sources: Energy Market Authority and VTT (wind power), YXRWHHQDVWL(QHUJLDWHROOLVXXVU\ up till 2006 Finnish Energy Industries

Tilastokeskus 69  9RLPDODLWRVNDSDVLWHHWLQPDNVLPLWHKR K HQHUJLDOlKWHLWWlLQ  Maximum power (15 h) of power station capacity by energy source 1) , 31 December 2010 9HVLYRLPD 7XXOLYRLPD

 1)  3llSROWWRDLQH Main fuel  6LVlOWllSURVHVVLODXKGHYRLPDQ 2) Includes process condensation power

/lKWHHW (QHUJLDPDUNNLQDYLUDVWR(QHUJLDWHROOLVXXVU\MD Sources: Energy Market Authority, Finnish Energy Industries and 7LODVWRNHVNXV

70 Tilastokeskus  6lKN|QNRNRQDLVNXOXWXNVHQKXLSSXWHKRMDVXXULQYLLNNRNHVNLWHKR Peak power and the highest weekly average power of total electricity consumption

.l\WW|YXRVL  +XLSSXWHKR 6XXULQYLLNNRNHVNLWHKR Operating year 1) Peak power Highest weekly average power 3lLYlPllUl .HOORQDLND 9LLNNR Date (ddmmyyyy) Time Week 0:    ±««««««   ±   ±««««««   ±   ±««««««   ±   ±««««««   ±   ±««««««   ±   ±««««««   ±   ±««««««   ±   ±««««««   ±   ±««««««   ±   ±««««««   ±   ±««««««   ±   ±««««««   ±   ±««««««   ±   ±««««««   ±   ±««««««   ±   ±««««««   ±   ±««««««   ±   ±««««««   ±   ±««««««   ±   ±««««««   ±   ±««««««   ±   ±««««««   ±   ±««««««   ±   ±««««««   ±   ±««««««   ±   ±««««««   ±   ±««««««   ±   ±««««««   ±   ±««««««   ±   ±««««««   ±   ±««««««   ±   ±««««««   ±   ±««««««   ±   ±««««««   ±   ±««««««   ±   ±««««««    ±   ±««««««    ±   ±««««««    ±   ±««««««    ±   ±«««««««  ±   ± «««««««  ±  

 ± 1) From 1 May to 30 April

/lKGH (QHUJLDWHROOLVXXVU\ Source: Finnish Energy Industries

Tilastokeskus 71  ,OPRLWHWXWMDUDNHQWHLOODROHYDWYRLPDODLWRVNDSDVLWHHWLQOLVl\NVHW Additions to the power plant capacity, reported and under construction

(ULOOLVWXRWDQWR

/lKWHHW (QHUJLDPDUNNLQDYLUDVWRMD977 WXXOLYRLPD Sources: Energy Market Authority and VTT (wind power)

72 Tilastokeskus 4 Kaukolämpö District heat  .DXNROlPP|QWXRWDQWRMDNXOXWXV Production and consumption of district heat

.DXNROlPP|QQHWWRWXRWDQWR 9HUNNRMD .DXNROlPP|QNXOXWXV /lPP|QVLLUURQ Net production of district heat PLWWDXVKlYL|W Consumption of district heat SXPSSDXVHQHUJLD (ULOOLVWXRWDQWR

7LHGRWSHUXVWXYDWYXRGHVWDOlKWLHQ7LODVWRNHVNXNVHQWLHWRLKLQMRLWD Starting from 2000, the data are based on Statistics Finland's data RQWl\GHQQHWW\(QHUJLDWHROOLVXXVU\QMD6XRPHQ.XQWDOLLWRQWLHGRLOOD supplemented by data from the Finnish Energy Industries and the 9XRVLQD±OlKWHHQlRQ(QHUJLDWHROOLVXXVU\Q DLN6XRPHQ Association of Finnish Local and Regional Authorities. From 1995 .DXNROlPS|U\ NHUllPlNDXNROlPS|WLODVWRMRLWDRQWl\GHQQHWW\ to 1999 the source is district heating statistics compiled by the Finnish 7LODVWRNHVNXNVHQMD6XRPHQ.XQWDOLLWRQWLHGRLOOD Energy Industries (formerly the Finnish District Heating Association) 9XRVLHQYlOLVHWWLHGRWSHUXVWXYDW6XRPHQ.DXNROlPS|U\Q supplemented by data from Statistics Finland and the Association of WLHWRLKLQ Finnish Local and Regional Authorities. The data concerning 1970 to 1994 are based on data from the Finnish District Heating Association. 3XXWWXYLHQYXRVLHQWLHGRWO|\W\YlW(QHUJLD&'OWl Data for the missing years on the EnergyCD. /lKWHHW 7LODVWRNHVNXV

Tilastokeskus 73  .DXNROlPP|QWXRWDQQRQSROWWRDLQHNXOXWXV Fuel consumption in production of district heat

.LYLKLLOL 5DVNDV .HY\W 0DD 7XUYH 3XXWlKGH .LHUUlW\V 7HROOLVXXGHQ 6lKN| 0XXW 7XQWH

7LHGRWSHUXVWXYDWYXRGHVWDOlKWLHQ7LODVWRNHVNXNVHQWLHWRLKLQMRLWDRQ Starting from 2000 the data are based on the data of Statistics Finland, Wl\GHQQHWW\(QHUJLDWHROOLVXXVU\QMD6XRPHQ.XQWDOLLWRQWLHGRLOOD supplemented by the data of the Finnish Energy Industries and the Association 9XRGHVWDDONDHQWLHGRLVVDRQPXNDQDYDLQNDXNROlPP|QWXRWDQQRVVD of Finnish Local and Regional Authorities Nl\WHW\WSROWWRDLQHPllUlW VlKN|QMDOlPP|Q\KWHLVWXRWDQQRVWD Starting from 2000, the data include only fuel volumes used in production of ODVNHQQDOOLQHQPllUlHQHUJLDPHQHWHOPlOOl  district heat (imputed volume from combined heat and power production with $LHPSLHQYXRVLHQOXYXLVVDRQPXNDQDRVLWWDLQP\|VNDXNROlPP|QWXRWDQWRRQ the energy method). OLLWW\YllQVlKN|QWXRWDQWRRQNl\WHWW\MlSROWWRDLQHLWD The figures for previous years also partly include fuels used for electricity 9XRVLQD±OlKWHHQlRQ(QHUJLDWHROOLVXXVU\Q DLN6XRPHQ production connected to production of district heat. .DXNROlPS|U\ NDXNROlPS|WLODVWRMRLWDRQWl\GHQQHWW\7LODVWRNHVNXNVHQ From 1995 untill 1999 the data are based on the district heating statistics of the MD6XRPHQ.XQWDOLLWRQWLHGRLOOD Finnish Energy Industries (formerly the Finnish District Heating Association), 9XRVLHQWLHGRWSHUXVWXYDW6XRPHQ.DXNROlPS|U\QWLHWRLKLQ supplemented by the data of the Association of Finnish Local and Regional 3ROWWRDLQHPllUlWHLYlWWlVPllWDXOXNNRRQVLOOlWlVVlWDXOXNRVVD Authorities and Statistics Finland. NDWWDYXXWWDRQOLVlWW\PXLVWDOlKWHLVWl Until 1994 the data are based on the district heating statistics of the Finnish District Heating Association. The fuel volumes do not match those given in table 3.4.2, because exhaustiven was added to this table from other sources.  (QHUJLDWHROOLVXXVU\Q DLN6XRPHQ.DXNROlPS|U\ MD6XRPHQ.XQWD 1) The fuel volumes missing from the questionnaires of the Finnish Energy OLLWRQWLODVWRYDVWDXNVLVWDSXXWWXQHHWSROWWRDLQHPllUlWRQDUYLRLWXWXRWHWXQ Industries (formerly the Finnish District Heating Association) and the OlPP|QSHUXVWHHOODQK\|W\VXKWHHOOD Association of Finnish Local and Regional Authorities were estimated on the basis of the heat produced with an efficiency of 90 per cent. 3XXWWXYLHQYXRVLHQWLHGRWO|\W\YlW(QHUJLD&'OWl Data for the missing years on the EnergyCD.

/lKWHHW 7LODVWRNHVNXV

74 Tilastokeskus  .DXNROlPS|NDSDVLWHHWWLMDOLLWW\PLVWHKR   District heat capacity and connected heat load (31 December)

9RLPDODLWRVWHQNDXNROlPS|WHKR .LLQWHLGHQ 6LLUUHWWlYLHQ .DXNROlPS|WHKR .RNRQDLV Heat capacity of power plants OlPS|NHVNXVWHQ OlPS|NHVNXVWHQ \KWHHQVl OLLWW\PLV

 6LVlOWllP\|VPXLOWDYRLPDODLWRNVLOWDNXLQK|\U\YRLPDODLWRNVLOWD  Also includes district heat capacity obtained from power VDDWDYDQNDXNROlPS|WHKRQ stations other than steam power stations. ± 9XRGHVWDOXYXWLOPDLVHYDWVDPDQDLNDLVHVWLK|\U\YRLPD ± Since 1985 the figures have indicated the district heat ODLWRNVLVVDNl\WHWWlYLVVlROHYDQWXUELLQLHQNDXWWDMDVXRUDDQ capacity available in steam power stations generated NDWWLORLVWDVDDWDYDQNDXNROlPS|WHKRQ simultaneously both by turbines and directly by boilers.  6LVlOWllVDUDNNHHQ 1) Includes column 5

3XXWWXYLHQYXRVLHQWLHGRWO|\W\YlW(QHUJLD&'OWl Data for the missing years on the EnergyCD.  /lKWHHW (QHUJLDWHROOLVXXVU\.DXNROlPS| DLN6XRPHQ.DXNROlPS|U\  Sources: Finnish Energy Industries /District heating (formerly the MDYXRGHVWDOlKWLHQP\|V6XRPHQ.XQWDOLLWWR Finnish District Heating Association) and since 1995 also Association of Finnish Local and Regional Authorities

Tilastokeskus 75 5 Liikenne Transport  /LLNHQWHHQHQHUJLDQNXOXWXV 7- Energy consumption in transport (TJ)

7LHOLLNHQQH .RWLPDDQOHQWROLLNHQQH .RWLPDDQYHVLOLLNHQQH Road transport Domestic air transport Domestic navigation 3) 0RRWWRUL 'LHVHO 0RRWWRUL 0DD %LR

 6LVlOWllYXRWHHQDVWLYHVLOLLNHQWHHVHHQNXXOXYDQKXYLYHQHLGHQ  9XRGHVWDNRWLPDDQYHVLOLLNHQWHHQSROWWRDLQHHW977Q0((5, EHQVLLQLQNl\W|Q0RRWWRULEHQVLLQLlNl\WHWllQWLHMDYHVLOLLNHQWHHQ SllVW|ODVNHQWDPDOOLVWD6LVlOWllP\|VODXWWDMDORVVLOLLNHQWHHQ OLVlNVLW\|NRQHLVVD1lPlWLHGRWO|\W\YlWWDXOXNRVWD SROWWRDLQHHW  6LVlOWllSROWWRQHVWHHVHHQVHNRLWHWXWELRRVXXGHW  6LVlOWllNLYLKLLOHQMDKDORW  .XOXWXNVHHQOXRYXWHWWXMHQOLLNHQQHSROWWRDLQHLGHQVLVlOWlPlW ELRSROWWRDLQHHW /DNL (QHUJLD&'OOlSXXWWXYLHQYXRVLHQWLHGRWVHNlOLVlWLHWRDUDXWDWHLGHQVHNlXONRPDDQOLLNHQWHHQSROWWRDLQHLVWD

/lKWHHW gOM\DODQ.HVNXVOLLWWRU\977*DVXP2\952VDNH\KWL|MD+HOVLQJLQNDXSXQJLQOLLNHQQHODLWRV

76 Tilastokeskus 5DXWDWLHW 3ROWWR 8ONRPDDQOLLNHQQH 6lKN| /LLNHQWHHQELR Railways DLQHHW Bunkers Electricity SROWWRQHVWHHW .HY\W 0XXW

1) Includes the gasoline use of pleasure boats included in navigation 3) From 1990 onwards, domestic navigation fuels from the MEERI up to 1989. In addition to road transport and navigation, motor emission calculation model of the Technical Research Centre gasoline is used in machinery. These data are presented in table 8.1. of Finland (VTT). Includes fuels used in ferry transport. 2) Includes bio-fractions mixed into liquid fuel. 4) Includes coal and firewood. 5) Biofuels contained in transport fuels released into consumption. (Act 446/2007) Data for the missing years, as well as on the fuels of rail transport and on bunkers can be found on the EnergyCD.

Sources: Finnish Petroleum Federation, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Gasum Oy, VR Ltd and Helsinki City Transport

Tilastokeskus 77 6 Teollisuuden energiankulutus Energy consumption in industry  7HROOLVXXGHQSROWWRDLQHLGHQMDHQHUJLDOlKWHLGHQNXOXWXV )XHODQGRWKHUHQHUJ\FRPPRGLWLHVFRQVXPSWLRQLQLQGXVWU\

.HY\WSROWWR|OM\ 5DVNDVSROWWR|OM\ 1HVWHNDDVXW 7HROOLVXXV .LHUUlW\V|OM\ -DORVWDPR 0XXW|OM\QMDORVWXNVHQ /LJKWIXHORLO +HDY\IXHORLO  /3* EHQVLLQL 5HF\FOHGRLO NDDVXW MDSHWURNHPLDQWHROO 1DSKWKD 5HILQHU\ SURVHVVLMDMlWH JDVHV SROWWRDLQHHW 2WKHUSURFHVVDQGZDVWH IXHOVE\RLOUHILQLQJ DQGSHWURFKHPLQG  7-   ««««««        ««««««        ««««««        ««««««        ««««««        ««««««        ««««««        ««««««        ««««««        ««««««        ««««««        ««««««        ««««««        ««««««        ««««««        ««««««        ««««««        ««««««        ««««««        ««««««        ««««««        ««««««        ««««««        ««««««        ««««««       

9XRGHVWDOlKWLHQHQHUJLDQNXOXWXVNRVNHHQLLGHQWRLPLSDLNNRMHQWLHWRMDMRLGHQSllWRLPLDODNVLRQOXRNLWHOWXSHUXVWHROOLVXXVWDL NDLYDQQDLVWHROOLVXXV 72/PXNDDQWRLPLDOD&WDL% /XNXLKLQVLVlOW\YlWWHROOLVXXGHQVXRUDWSURVHVVLSROWWRDLQHHWVlKN|QMDOlPP|Q WXRWDQQRQSROWWRDLQHHWMDVHNlWHROOLVXXVUDNHQQXVWHQOlPPLW\NVHQSROWWRDLQHHW/DLWRVDOXHLOODVLMDLWVHYLHQHQHUJLD\KWL|OOHXONRLVWHWXWYRLPD ODLWRVWHQSROWWRDLQHWLHGRWHLYlWVLVlOO\OXNXLKLQ 9XRWHHQDVWLWDXOXNNRVLVlOWllHGHOOLVHQOLVlNVLP\|VWHROOLVXXWWDSDOYHOHYDQVlKN|QMDOlPP|QWXRWDQQRQSROWWRDLQHHW/XNXLKLQHL NXLWHQNDDQVLVlOO\NDXNROlPP|QMDVLLKHQOLLWW\YlQVlKN|QWXRWDQQRQWDLHQHUJLD\KWL|LGHQODXKGHVlKN|QWXRWDQWRRQNl\WHWW\MlSROWWRDLQHLWD 7lUNHLPSLHQSROWWRDLQHLGHQMDNDXWXPLQHQNXOXWXVVHNWRUHLOOHLOPHQHHOXYXQWDXOXNRLVWD1lLVVlWHROOLVXXGHQNXOXWXNVHQDUYLRLQQLVVDRQ Nl\WHWW\XVHLGHQHULOlKWHLGHQWLHWRMD/LVlWLHWRDWHROOLVXXVWRLPLDORMHQHQHUJLDQNl\W|VWl7LODVWRNHVNXNVHQNRWLVLYXOWD7HROOLVXXGHQHQHUJLDQ Nl\WW|WLODVWRVWDMRNDSHUXVWXXWRLPLSDLNNDNRKWDLVHHQRWRVN\VHO\\QMDRVLWWDLQHURDDWlPlQWDXOXNRQOXYXLVWD /LVlWLHWRMDVDDWDYLOOD WLODVWRNHVNXVILWLOWHQH  6LVlOWllPDVXXQLLQV\|WHW\Q|OM\Q  6LVlOWllSllDVLDVVD|OM\MDORVWXVWXNVHQMDSHWURNHPLDQWHROOLVXXGHQSURVHVVLMDMlWHSROWWRDLQHLWDNXWHQ|OM\NRNVLDS\URO\\VL|OM\l\PV  6LVlOWllPDVXXQLNRNVLQNRNVLNDDVXQSROWWRDLQHHQDNl\WH\QNRNVLQVHNlUDXWDMDWHUlVWHROOLVXXGHQ VLYXWXRWWHHQDV\QW\YlQKLLOLWHUYDQ0DVXXQLVWDWDOWHHQRWHWWDYDPDVXXQLNDDVXV\QW\\PDVXXQLNRNVLVWDMDLQMHNWLR|OM\VWl 7DXOXNRLKLQMDO|\W\\(QHUJLD&'OOlWLHGRWOXYXOWD3XXWWXYLHQYXRVLHQWLHGRWO|\W\YlW(QHUJLD&'OWl /lKWHHW 7LODVWRNHVNXV

78 Tilastokeskus .LYLKLLOL .RNVL\PV 0DDNDDVX .DXSXQNL 0HWVl 3XXSROWWR 7XUYH .LHUUlW\V 7HROOLVXXGHQ

              ±                                                                                                    ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±      

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±±± 6WDWLVWLFV)LQODQG(QYLURQPHQWDQGHQHUJ\ 2WKHUV 6HHWDEOHVRQ &RQVXPSWLRQRIVRPHIXHOV  &KDSWHU 

Tilastokeskus 79  7HROOLVXXGHQVlKN|QNXOXWXVWRLPLDORLWWDLQ (OHFWULFLW\FRQVXPSWLRQE\EUDQFKRILQGXVWU\

.DLYDQQDLV (OLQWDUYLNNHHW 7HNVWLLOL 3XXWDYDUDQ 0DVVDMD *UDDILQHQ .RNVLQMD .HPLD WRLPLQWD 0DQXIRIIRRG 7H[WLOH SDLWVLSXX SDSHUL 3ULQWLQJ |OM\WXRWWHLGHQ &KHPLFDOV 0LQLQJDQG EHYHUDJHV NDOXVWHLGHQ 0DQXIRI SXEOLVKLQJ YDOPLVWXV TXDUU\LQJ DQGWREDFFR YDOPLVWXV SXOSDQG HWF 0DQXIRIFRNH 0DQXIRI SDSHU DQGRLOSURGXFWV ZRRGDQG ZRRGSURGXFWV H[FOIXUQLWXUH 72/ ± ± ±      *:K    ««««««««««         ««««««««««         ««««««««««         ««««««««««         ««««««««««         ««««««««««         ««««««««««         ««««««««««         ««««««««««         ««««««««««         ««««««««««         ««««««««««         ««««««««««         ««««««««««         ««««««««««         ««««««««««         ««««««««««         ««««««««««         ««««««««««         ««««««««««         ««««««««««         ««««««««««         ««««««««««         ««««««««««         ««««««««««         ««««««««««         ««««««««««         ««««««««««         ««««««««««         ««««««««««        

72/         ««««««««««         ««««««««««         ««««««««««        

7LHGRWYXRGHVWDOlKWLHQMXONDLVWDDQ72/PXNDLVLQDMDSHUXVWXYDW7LODVWRNHVNXNVHQ7HROOLVXXGHQHQHUJLDQNl\WW|WLODVWRRQ

/LVlWLHWRMDVDDWDYLOOD WLODVWRNHVNXVILWLOWHQH

7DXOXNRLKLQMDO|\W\\(QHUJLD&'OOlWLHGRWOXYXVWD

/lKWHHW (QHUJLDWHROOLVXXVU\MD7LODVWRNHVNXV

80 Tilastokeskus .XPLMD .LYLVDYL 0HWDOOLHQ 0HWDOOLWXRWH .RQHLGHQVlKN| 0XX 7HROOUDNHQQH

    ± ±

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

                             

'DWDIURPRQZDUGVDUHSXEOLVKHGDFFRUGLQJWR72/DQGEDVHGRQ6WDWLVWLFV)LQODQG VVWDWLVWLFVRQ(QHUJ\XVHLQPDQXIDFWXULQJ

0RUHGHWDLOHGGDWDDYDLODEOHIURP WLODVWRNHVNXVILWLOWHQHLQGH[BHQKWPO

7KH(QHUJ\&'FRQWDLQVGDWDFRQFHUQLQJWKHVIRUWDEOHVDQG

6RXUFHV )LQQLVK(QHUJ\,QGXVWULHVDQG6WDWLVWLFV)LQODQG(QYLURQPHQWDQGHQHUJ\

Tilastokeskus 81 7 Rakennusten lämmitysenergian kulutus Consumption of energy for space heating

 $VXLQMDSDOYHOXUDNHQQXVWHQOlPPLW\NVHQHQHUJLDOlKWHHW (QHUJ\VRXUFHVIRUKHDWLQJUHVLGHQWLDOFRPPHUFLDODQGSXEOLFEXLOGLQJV

3XXQ 7XUYH +LLOL 5DVNDV .HY\W 0DD /lPS| (QHUJLD .DXNR 6lKN| 5DNHQQXVWHQ SLHQNl\WW| 3HDW &RDO SROWWR|OM\ SROWWR|OM\ NDDVX SXPSSX OlKWHHW OlPS| (OHFWULFLW\  OlPPLW\V 6PDOOVFDOH +HDY\ /LJKW 1DWXUDO HQHUJLD \KWHHQVl 'LVWULFW \KWHHQVl FRPEXVWLRQ IXHORLO IXHORLO JDV  $PELHQW (QHUJ\ KHDW 6SDFH RIZRRG KHDW VRXUFHVWRWDO KHDWLQJWRWDO 7- 7- 7- 7- 7- 7- 7- 7- *:K *:K 7-         «««««      ±      «««««      ±      «««««            «««««            «««««            «««««            «««««            «««««            «««««            «««««            «««««            «««««            «««««            «««««            «««««            «««««            «««««            «««««            «««««            «««««             ««««««           ««««««           ««««««           ««««««           ««««««          

7DXOXNNRNXYDDUDNHQQXVWHQOlPPLW\NVHHQNl\WHWW\lNRNRQDLVHQHUJLDPllUll 7KHWDEOHGHVFULEHVWRWDOHQHUJ\YROXPHXVHGSXUFKDVHGIRUKHDWLQJ KDQNLWWXDHQHUJLDD.DXNROlPS||QMDVlKN||QHLYlWVLVlOO\QLLGHQWXRWDQWR RIEXLOGLQJV'LVWULFWKHDWDQGHOHFWULFLW\GRQRWLQFOXGHWKHLUSURGXFWLRQ MDVLLUWRKlYL|W9XRGHVWDOlKWLHQOXNXLKLQVLVlOW\\P\|VNl\WW|YHGHQ DQGWUDQVPLVVLRQORVVHV)URPWKHILJXUHVLQFOXGHHQHUJ\ OlPPLW\NVHQHQHUJLDWlWlHQQHQNl\WW|YHGHQOlPPLW\NVHQHQHUJLDPXNDQD IRUKHDWLQJGRPHVWLFZDWHUEHIRUHWKLVHQHUJ\IRUKHDWLQJGRPHVWLF YDLQNHVNXVOlPPLW\VMlUMHVWHOPLHQRVDOWD ZDWHURQO\DVFRQFHUQVFHQWUDOKHDWLQJV\VWHPV 7HROOLVXXVUDNHQQXVWHQMDPDDWDORXVUDNHQQXVWHQOlPPLW\VHLVLVlOO\ +HDWLQJRILQGXVWULDODQGDJULFXOWXUDOEXLOGLQJVLVQRW OXNXLKLQ NVWDXOXNNR LQFOXGHG VHHWDEOH 9XRGHVWDDONDHQOXYXWWXRWHWWX7LODVWRNHVNXNVHQUDNHQQXVNDQWDDQSHUXV 6WDUWLQJIURPWKHILJXUHVKDYHEHHQFDOFXODWHGZLWKDPRGHOEDVHG WXYDOODODVNHQWDPDOOLOOD0DOOLRQXXGLVWHWWXYXRGHQWLHGRLVWDOlKWLHQ RQ6WDWLVWLFV)LQODQG VVWRFNRIEXLOGLQJVZKLFKKDVEHHQXSGDWHGVLQFH WKHFDOFXODWLRQRIWKHGDWDIRU  6LVlOWllYXRWHHQVDDNNDP\|VQHVWHNDDVXD  8QWLOLQFOXGHVDOVR/3*  /lPS|SXPSSXHQHUJLDWDUNRLWWDDOlPS|SXPSXLOOD\PSlULVW|VWlVLLUUHWW\l  $PELHQWHQHUJ\UHIHUVWRHQHUJ\WUDQVIHUUHGIURPWKHHQYLURQPHQWZLWK HQHUJLDD/lPS|SXPSSXMHQVlKN|QNXOXWXVVLVlOW\\VDUDNNHHVHHQ KHDWSXPSV7KHHOHFWULFLW\FRQVXPHGE\KHDWSXPSVLVLQFOXGHGLQ 6lKN| WKHFROXPQ(OHFWULFLW\  9XRGHVWDDONDHQVlKN||QVLVlOW\\DLHPSDDNDWWDYDPPLQP\|V  )URPRQZDUGVHOHFWULFLW\LQFOXGHVPRUHH[WHQVLYHO\WKDQEHIRUH OlPPLW\NVHHQOLLWW\YLHQODLWWHLGHQVlKN|QNl\WW| PPOlPS|SXPSSXMHQ HOHFWULFLW\XVHRIHTXLSPHQWFRQQHFWHGWRKHDWLQJ HJHOHFWULFLW\ Nl\WWlPlVlKN|VlKN|NLXNDDWVHNlOlPPLW\VMlUMHVWHOPLHQMDOlPP|Q XVHGE\KHDWSXPSVHOHFWULFVDXQDVVWRYHVDQGHOHFWULFLW\ MDNRODLWWHLGHQNXOXWWDPDVlKN|  FRQVXPHGE\KHDWLQJV\VWHPVDQGKHDWGLVWULEXWLRQHTXLSPHQW 

3XXWWXYLHQYXRVLHQWLHGRWO|\W\YlW(QHUJLD&'OWl 'DWDIRUWKHPLVVLQJ\HDUVRQWKH(QHUJ\&' /lKWHHW 7LODVWRNHVNXV

82 Tilastokeskus  $VXLQMDSDOYHOXUDNHQQXVWHQOlPPLW\NVHQK\|W\HQHUJLD 1HWHIIHFWLYHKHDWLQJHQHUJ\RIUHVLGHQWLDOFRPPHUFLDODQGSXEOLFEXLOGLQJV

3XXQ 7XUYH +LLOL 5DVNDV .HY\W 0DD /lPS| .DXNR 6lKN|

7DXOXNNRNXYDDDVXLQMDSDOYHOXUDNHQQXVWHQOlPPLW\VHQHUJLDQWDUYHWWD 7KHWDEOHGHVFULEHVWKHQHHGIRUKHDWLQJHQHUJ\LQUHVLGHQWLDODQG +\|W\HQHUJLDRQODVNHWWXYlKHQWlPlOOlHQHUJLDQNRNRQDLVKDQNLQWDPllULVWl VHUYLFHEXLOGLQJV8VHIXOHQHUJ\LVFDOFXODWHGE\GHGXFWLQJIURP WDXOXNRWMD OlPPLW\VMlUMHVWHOPLVVlWDSDKWXYDWODVNHQQDOOLVHWKlYL|W WRWDOVXSSO\YROXPHVRIHQHUJ\ 7DEOHVDQG LPSXWHGORVVHV RFFXUULQJLQKHDWLQJV\VWHPV .DXNRMDVlKN|OlPPLW\VRYDWK\|W\HQHUJLDDVHOODLVHQDDQ 'LVWULFWKHDWLQJDQGHOHFWULFKHDWLQJDUHQHWHIIHFWLYHKHDWLQJHQHUJ\ SOOlPS|SXPSSXMHQNl\WWlPlVlKN|  DVVXFK7RWDOKHDWIRPUKHDWSXPSVLQFOXGHVWKHHOHFWULFLW\ FRQVXPSWLRQRIKHDWSXPSV 0XLOODOlPPLW\VHQHUJLDOlKWHLOOlRQNl\WHWW\VHXUDDYLDROHWXVK\|W\VXKWHLWD 7KHIROORZLQJGHIDXOWHIILFLHQFLHVDUHXVHGIRURWKHU 977MD7DPSHUHHQWHNQLOOLQHQNRUNHDNRXOX5(0PDOOL KHDWLQJHQHUJ\VRXUFHV 9777HFKQLFDO5HVHDUFK&HQWUHRI)LQODQG DQG7DPSHUH8QLYHUVLW\RI7HFKQRORJ\5(0PRGHO  3XXQSLHQNl\WW|  6PDOOVFDOHFRPEXVWLRQRIZRRG  7XUYH  3HDW  +LLOL  &RDO  5DVNDVSROWWR|OM\  +HDY\IXHORLO  .HY\WSROWWR|OM\  /LJKWIXHORLO  0DDNDDVX  1DWXUDOJDV  9XRGHVWDDONDHQOXYXWWXRWHWWX7LODVWRNHVNXNVHQUDNHQQXVNDQWDDQ 6WDUWLQJIURPWKHILJXUHVKDYHEHHQFDOFXODWHGZLWKDPRGHOEDVHG SHUXVWXYDOODODVNHQWDPDOOLOOD0DOOLRQXXGLVWHWWXYXRGHQWLHGRLVWD RQ6WDWLVWLFV)LQODQG VVWRFNRIEXLOGLQJVZKLFKKDVEHHQXSGDWHGVLQFH OlKWLHQ WKHFDOFXODWLRQRIWKHGDWDIRU  6LVlOWllYXRWHHQVDDNNDP\|VQHVWHNDDVXD  8QWLOLQFOXGHVDOVR/3*  /lPS|SXPSSXMHQWXRWWDPDOlPS|HQHUJLDNDWWDDOlPS|SXPSSXMHQ  +HDWSURGXFHGE\KHDWSXPSVLQFOXGHVWKHHOHFWULFLW\XVHG \PSlULVW|VWlRWWDPDQHQHUJLDQOLVlNVLP\|VQLLGHQNl\WWlPlQVlKN|Q E\KHDWSXPSV  9XRGHVWDDONDHQVlKN||QVLVlOW\\DLHPSDDNDWWDYDPPLQP\|V  )URPRQZDUGVHOHFWULFLW\LQFOXGHVPRUHH[WHQVLYHO\WKDQEHIRU OlPPLW\NVHHQOLLWW\YLHQODLWWHLGHQVlKN|QNl\WW| PPVlKN|NLXNDDW HOHFWULFLW\XVHRIHTXLSPHQWFRQQHFWHGWRKHDWLQJ HJHOHFWULFLW\ VHNlOlPPLW\VMlUMHVWHOPLHQMDOlPP|QMDNRODLWWHLGHQNXOXWWDPDVlKN|  XVHGE\KHDWSXPSVHOHFWULFVDXQDVVWRYHVDQGHOHFWULFLW\ FRQVXPHGE\KHDWLQJV\VWHPVDQGKHDWGLVWULEXWLRQHTXLSPHQW 

/lKWHHW 7LODVWRNHVNXV

Tilastokeskus 83  5DNHQQXVWHQOlPPLW\NVHQHQHUJLDOlKWHHWUDNHQQXVW\\SHLWWlLQ &RQVXPSWLRQRIHQHUJ\IRUVSDFHKHDWLQJE\W\SHRIEXLOGLQJ

3XXQ 7XUYH +LLOL 5DVNDV .HY\W 0DD /lPS| (QHUJLD .DXNR 6lKN| 5DNHQQXV SLHQ 3HDW &RDO SROWWR SROWWR NDDVX SXPSSX OlKWHHW OlPS| (OHFWUL WHQ Nl\WW| |OM\ |OM\ 1DWXUDO HQHUJLD \KWHHQVl 'LVWULFW FLW\  OlPPLW\V 6PDOO +HDY\ /LJKW JDV  $PELHQW (QHUJ\ KHDW \KWHHQVl VFDOH IXHORLO IXHORLO HQHUJ\ VRXUFHV 6SDFH FRPEXVWLRQ WRWDO KHDWLQJ RIZRRG WRWDO 7- 7- 7- 7- 7- 7- 7- 7- *:K *:K 7-   $VXLQUDNHQQXNVHW±5HVLGHQWLDOEXLOGLQJV««««««           x (ULOOLVHWSLHQWDORW±'HWDFKHGKRXVHV ««««««   ±        x .\WNHW\WSLHQWDORW±6HPLGHWDFKHGKRXVHV««««   ± ±        x $VXLQNHUURVWDORW±5HVLGHQWLDOEORFNVRIIODWV«««   ±         x 9DSDDDMDQDVXLQUDNHQQXNVHW± 5HVLGHQWLDOUHFUHDWLRQDOEXLOGLQJV««««««««   ± ±        3DOYHOXUDNHQQXNVHW±&RPPHUFLDODQGSXEOLFEXLOGLQJ   ±         7HROOLVXXVUDNHQQXNVHW±,QGXVWULDOEXLOGLQJV«« ««   ±         0DDWDORXVUDNHQQXNVHW±$JULFXOWXUDOEXLOGLQJV««««   ±        

7DXOXNNRNXYDDUDNHQQXVWHQOlPPLW\NVHHQNl\WHWW\lNRNRQDLVHQHUJLDPllUll 7KHWDEOHGHVFULEHVWRWDOHQHUJ\YROXPHXVHGSXUFKDVHGIRUKHDWLQJ KDQNLWWXDHQHUJLDD.DXNROlPS||QMDVlKN||QHLYlWVLVlOO\QLLGHQWXRWDQWRMD RIEXLOGLQJV'LVWULFWKHDWDQGHOHFWULFLW\GRQRWLQFOXGHWKHLUSURGXFWLRQ VLLUWRKlYL|W9XRGHVWDOlKWLHQOXNXLKLQVLVlOW\\P\|VNl\WW|YHGHQ DQGWUDQVPLVVLRQORVVHV)URPWKHILJXUHVLQFOXGHHQHUJ\ OlPPLW\NVHQHQHUJLDWlWlHQQHQNl\WW|YHGHQOlPPLW\NVHQHQHUJLD IRUKHDWLQJGRPHVWLFZDWHUEHIRUHWKLVHQHUJ\IRUKHDWLQJGRPHVWLF PXNDQDYDLQNHVNXVOlPPLW\VMlUMHVWHOPLHQRVDOWD ZDWHURQO\DVFRQFHUQVFHQWUDOKHDWLQJV\VWHPV 9XRGHVWDDONDHQOXYXWWXRWHWWX7LODVWRNHVNXNVHQUDNHQQXVNDQWDDQSHUXV 6WDUWLQJIURPWKHILJXUHVKDYHEHHQFDOFXODWHGZLWKDPRGHOEDVHGRQ WXYDOODODVNHQWDPDOOLOOD0DOOLRQXXGLVWHWWXYXRGHQWLHGRLVWDOlKWLHQ 6WDWLVWLFV)LQODQG VVWRFNRIEXLOGLQJVZKLFKKDVEHHQXSGDWHGVLQFHWKH FDOFXODWLRQRIWKHGDWDIRU $VXLQUDNHQQXVWHQRVDOWDNVWDUNHPPLQWDXOXNRQDODYLLWWHHW )RUUHVLGHQWLDOEXLOGLQJVVHHWKHIRRWQRWHVRIWDEOHIRUPRUHGHWDLOV 7HROOLVXXVUDNHQQXVWHQOlPPLW\NVHQSROWWRDLQHHWVLVlOW\YlWWDXOXNRQ )XHOVIRUVSDFHKHDWLQJRILQGXVWULDOEXLOGLQJVDUHLQFOXGHGLQWDEOH OXNXLKLQ3XXQOlPPLW\VNl\WW|VLVlOW\\WDXOXNRQNRKWDDQ :RRGIRUKHDWLQJLQGXVWULDOEXLOGLQJVLVLQFOXGHGLQWDEHOFROXPQ 7HROOLVXXGHQSXXSROWWRDLQHHW  QXPEHU ,QGXVWULDOZRRGIXHO   6LVlOWllYXRWHHQVDDNNDP\|VQHVWHNDDVXD  8QWLOLQFOXGHVDOVR/3*  /lPS|SXPSSXHQHUJLDWDUNRLWWDDOlPS|SXPSXLOOD\PSlULVW|VWlVLLUUHW\l  $PELHQWHQHUJ\UHIHUVWRHQHUJ\WUDQVIHUUHGIURPWKHHQYLURQPHQWZLWK HQHUJLDD/lPS|SXPSSXMHQVlKN|QNXOXWXVVLVlOW\\VDUDNNHHVHHQ6lKN| KHDWSXPSV7KHHOHFWULFLW\FRQVXPHGE\KHDWSXPSVLVLQFOXGHGLQ  9XRGHVWDDONDHQVlKN||QVLVlOW\\DLHPSDDNDWWDYDPPLQP\|V WKHFROXPQ(OHFWULFLW\ OlPPLW\NVHHQOLLWW\YLHQODLWWHLGHQVlKN|QNl\WW| PPOlPS|SXPSSXMHQ  )URPRQZDUGVHOHFWULFLW\LQFOXGHVPRUHH[WHQVLYHO\WKDQEHIRUH Nl\WWlPlVlKN|VlKN|NLXNDDWVHNlOlPPLW\VMlUMHVWHOPLHQMDOlPP|Q HOHFWULFLW\XVHRIHTXLSPHQWFRQQHFWHGWRKHDWLQJ HJHOHFWULFLW\ MDNRODLWWHLGHQNXOXWWDPDVlKN|  XVHGE\KHDWSXPSVHOHFWULFVDXQDVVWRYHVDQGHOHFWULFLW\ FRQVXPHGE\KHDWLQJV\VWHPVDQGKHDWGLVWULEXWLRQHTXLSPHQW  7LHGRWYXRGHVWDOlKWLHQO|\W\YlW(QHUJLD&'OWl 'DWDVLQFHRQWKH(QHUJ\&' /lKWHHW 7LODVWRNHVNXV

84 Tilastokeskus  /lPPLW\VWDUYHOXYXWNDOHQWHULYXRVLWWDLQ 'HJUHHGD\VSHUFDOHQGDU\HDU

+HOVLQNL 7XUNX 7DPSHUH 9DDVD .XRSLR  2XOX -\YlVN\Ol   ««««««««««««««««««««««««        ««««««««««««««««««««««««        ««««««««««««««««««««««««        ««««««««««««««««««««««««        ««««««««««««««««««««««««        ««««««««««««««««««««««««        ««««««««««««««««««««««««        ««««««««««««««««««««««««        ««««««««««««««««««««««««        ««««««««««««««««««««««««        ««««««««««««««««««««««««        ««««««««««««««««««««««««        ««««««««««««««««««««««««        ««««««««««««««««««««««««        ««««««««««««««««««««««««        ««««««««««««««««««««««««        ««««««««««««««««««««««««        ««««««««««««««««««««««««        ««««««««««««««««««««««««        ««««««««««««««««««««««««        ««««««««««««««««««««««««        ««««««««««««««««««««««««        ««««««««««««««««««««««««        ««««««««««««««««««««««««        ««««««««««««««««««««««««        ««««««««««««««««««««««««        ««««««««««««««««««««««««        ««««««««««««««««««««««««        ««««««««««««««««««««««««        ««««««««««««««««««««««««        ««««««««««««««««««««««««        ««««««««««««««««««««««««        ««««««««««««««««««««««««        ««««««««««««««««««««««««        ««««««««««««««««««««««««        ««««««««««««««««««««««««         ««««««««««««««««««««««««         ««««««««««««««««««««««««         ««««««««««««««««««««««««         ««««««««««««««««««««««««         ««««««««««««««««««««««««         .HVNLPllUlLVHWOlPPLW\VWDUYHOXYXW R&G ±  R $YHUDJHGHJUHHGD\V &G IURPSHULRG±«««       

 .DLVDQLHPL  .DLVDQLHPL  /HQWRNHQWWl  $LUSRUW  /HQWRNHQWWlKHLQlNXXVWDPDDOLVNXXKXQ3DORVDDUL  $LUSRUWIURP-XO\WR0DUFK3DORVDDUL

/lPPLW\VWDUYHOXYXWRQODVNHWWXDVWHHQVLVlOlPS|WLODOOHROHWWDHQHWWl 'HJUHHGD\VDUHFDOFXODWHGDFFRUGLQJWRGHJUHHV&HOVLXVLQGRRU OlPPLW\VORSHWHWDDQXONRLOPDQOlPS|WLODQQRXVWXD\OLDVWHHQMD WHPSHUDWXUHDVVXPLQJWKDWVSDFHKHDWLQJLVGLVFRQQHFWHGZKHQRXWGRRU DORLWHWDDQVHQODVNHWWXDDOOHDVWHHQ WHPSHUDWXUHULVHVDERYHGHJUHHV&HOVLXVDQGVSDFHKHDWLQJVWDUWV ZKHQWHPSHUDWXUHGURSVEHORZGHJUHHV&HOVLXV

/lKGH ,OPDWLHWHHQODLWRV 6RXUFH ,QVWLWXWHRI0HWHRURORJ\

Tilastokeskus 85  $VXPLVHQHQHUJLDQNXOXWXV (QHUJ\FRQVXPSWLRQLQKRXVLQJ

 $VXPLVHQHQHUJLDQNXOXWXVHQHUJLDOlKWHLWWlLQ Energy consumption in housing by energy source

3XX 7XUYH +LLOL 5DVNDVSROWWR|OM\ .HY\WSROWWR|OM\ Wood Peat Coal Heavy fuel oil Light fuel oil 7- 7- 7- 7- 7-      $VXPLQHQ\KWHHQVl±Housing, total «««««««««««««««««««      $VXLQUDNHQQXVWHQOlPPLW\V±Heating of residential buildings 9DUVLQDLVHWDVXLQUDN\KWHHQVl±Residential buildings proper, total…………      (ULOOLVHWSLHQWDORW±Detached houses………………………………………    ±  .\WNHW\WSLHQWDORW±Terraced houses………………………………………   ± ±  $VXLQNHUURVWDORW±Residential blocks of flats………………………………   ±   9DSDDDMDQDVXLQUDNHQQXNVHW±Free-time residential buildings………………  ± ± ±  $VXLQUDNHQQXVWHQOlPPLW\NVHVWl±Of heating of residential buildings VDXQRMHQOlPPLW\V± heating of saunas……………………………  ± ± ± ± Nl\WW|YHGHQOlPPLW\V±heating of domestic water………………      .RWLWDORXNVLHQODLWWHHW ±Household appliances 3) 9DODLVWXV±Lighting…………………………………………………………… ±± ± ± ± 5XRDQODLWWR±Cooking……………………………………………………… ±± ± ± ± 0XXWVlKN|ODLWWHHW±Other electrical equipment………………………… ±± ± ± ±  $VXPLQHQ\KWHHQVl±Housing, total «««««««««««««««««««      $VXLQUDNHQQXVWHQOlPPLW\V±Heating of residential buildings 9DUVLQDLVHWDVXLQUDN\KWHHQVl±Residential buildings proper, total…………      (ULOOLVHWSLHQWDORW±Detached houses………………………………………    ±  .\WNHW\WSLHQWDORW±Terraced houses………………………………………   ± ±  $VXLQNHUURVWDORW±Residential blocks of flats………………………………   ±   9DSDDDMDQDVXLQUDNHQQXNVHW±Free-time residential buildings………………  ±  ±  $VXLQUDNHQQXVWHQOlPPLW\NVHVWl±Of heating of residential buildings VDXQRMHQOlPPLW\V± heating of saunas……………………………  ± ± ± ± Nl\WW|YHGHQOlPPLW\V±heating of domestic water………………      .RWLWDORXNVLHQODLWWHHW ±Household appliances 3) 9DODLVWXV±Lighting…………………………………………………………… ±± ± ± ± 5XRDQODLWWR±Cooking……………………………………………………… ±± ± ± ± 0XXWVlKN|ODLWWHHW±Other electrical equipment………………………… ±± ± ± ±

7DXOXNNRNXYDDUDNHQQXVWHQOlPPLW\NVHHQNl\WHWW\lNRNRQDLVHQHUJLDPllUllKDQNLWWXDHQHUJLDD .DXNROlPS||QMDVlKN||QHLYlWVLVlOO\QLLGHQWXRWDQWRMDVLLUWRKlYL|W

 /lPS|SXPSSXHQHUJLDWDUNRLWWDDOlPS|SXPSXLOOD\PSlULVW|VWlVDDWXDHQHUJLDD/lPS|SXPSSXMHQVlKN|QNl\WW|VLVlOW\\ VDUDNNHHVHHQ6lKN|  $VXLQUDNHQQXVWHQOlPPLW\NVHHQVlKN|OOlRQODVNHWWXVXRUDMDYDUDDYDVlKN|OlPPLW\VVlKN|OOlWDSDKWXYDOLVlOlPPLW\VVlKN|LQHQODWWLDOlPPLW\V OlPS|SXPSSXMHQNl\WWlPlVlKN|VlKN|OOlWDSDKWXYDNl\WW|YHGHQOlPPLW\VVlKN|NLXNDDWVHNlOlPPLW\VMlUMHVWHOPLHQMDOlPP|QMDNRODLWWHLGHQ NXOXWWDPDVlKN|  .RWLWDORXVODLWWHLGHQNXOXWXNVHHQVLVlOW\\VlKN|QNXOXWXNVHQOLVlNVLP\|VPDDNDDVXQNl\WW|OLHVLVVl NVWDXOXNNR 

/lKWHHW $GDWR(QHUJLD2\ .RWLWDORXNVLHQODLWWHHW 7LODVWRNHVNXV

86 Tilastokeskus    0DDNDDVX /lPS|SXPSSXHQHUJLD 3ROWWRDLQHHW\KWHHQVl .DXNRMDDOXHOlPS| 6lKN|

     

                           ±  

± ±  ±           ± ± ± ±    ±  ±   ± ± ± ±  

     

                           ±  

± ±  ±           ± ± ± ±    ±  ±   ± ± ± ±  

The table describes total energy volume used / purchased for heating of buildings. District heat and electricity do not include their production and transmission losses.  Ambient energy refers to energy recovered from the environment with heat pumps. The electricity used by heat pumps is included in the column Electricity.  Heating of residential buildings with electricity includes actual electrical heating, additional heating by electricity, electrical floor heating, electricity used by heat pumps, heating of domestic water by electricity, electrical sauna stoves and electricity consumed by heating systems and heat distribution equipment.  Apart from electricity consumption, consumption of household equipment includes use of natural gas in cookers. (see table 3.2.)

Sources: Adato Energia Oy (Household appliances), Statistics Finland /Environment and energy

Tilastokeskus 87 9 Muiden sektoreiden energiankulutus Energy consumption in other sectors

 0XXSROWWRDLQHNXOXWXV Other fuel consumption

0DDMDPHWVlWDORXV Agriculture and forestry .HY\W 5DVNDV 0RRWWRUL 0RRWWRULSHWUROL 0DDNDDVX 3XXQSLHQNl\WW| 9LOMD .LYLKLLOL 0XXW 

 .\VHLVWHQHQHUJLDOlKWHLGHQNl\WW|PDDWDORXVUDNHQQXVWHQOlPPLW\NVHVVl0XLGHQHQHUJLDOlKWHLGHQNRKGDOODOlPPLW\VHLVLVlOO\OXNXLKLQ 9XRGHVWDOlKWLHQNDLNNLPDDWDORXVUDNHQQXVWHQOlPPLW\VHQHUJLDOlKWHHWRQHVLWHWW\WDXOXNRVVD  6LVlOWllPDDWDORXVUDNHQQXVWHQOlPPLW\NVHHQ WDXO Nl\WHW\QWXUSHHQVHNlOlPS|SXPSXWWPV

3XXWWXYLHQYXRVLHQWLHGRWO|\W\YlW(QHUJLD&'OWl

/lKWHHW  NVWDXOXNNR  NVWDXOXNNR  NVWDXOXNNR  9777<.2W\|NRQHLGHQSllVW|ODVNHQWDPDOOL  9777<.2W\|NRQHLGHQSllVW|ODVNHQWDPDOOL  NVWDXOXNNR YXRWHHQDVWLDUYLR  1HVWH2LO2\M  NVWDXOXNNR  +HOVLQJLQNDXSXQJLQHQHUJLDODLWRVMD YXRWHHQ   NVWDXOXNNR 7XUXQNDXSXQJLQNDDVXODLWRV YDVWL0DDWLODKDOOLWXVMD(OLQWDUYLNHWLHWR2\ 9XRGHVWD+HOVLQNLNDDVX2\  0DDMDPHWVlWDORXVPLQLVWHUL|QWLHWRSDOYHOXNHVNXV7,.( NLYLKLLOHQSDULWWRPDWYXRGHWDUYLRLWX7LODVWRNHVNXV

88 Tilastokeskus 5DNHQQXVWRLPLQWD 0XXW

                                                                                                                                                                                           ±          ±          ±          ±          ±          ±          ±          ±          ±          ±          ±          ±          ±          ±          ±          ±  

1) Use of the source of energy concerned in the heating of agricultural buildings. Heating is not included in the figures for other sources of energy. All sources of energy used in the heating of agricultural buildings from 1995 onwards are presented in table 6.3. 2) Includes peat used for heating agricultural buildings (table 6.3) as well as heat pumps, etc.

Data for the missing years on the EnergyCD.

Sources: 1, 11: See table 2.2 7,8: Information Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry 2: See table 2.1 TIKE, the odd years have been estimated Statistics Finland 3: Since 1990, from VTT Technical Research Centre of 9: See table 6.3 Finland /TYKO emission calculation model for working 12, 14, 15: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland machinery /TYKO emission calculation model for working machinery 5: See table 2.5 16: See table 2.3 6: See table 6.3, up till 1994, 17: Neste Oil Corporation the National Board of Agriculture and Elintarviketieto Oy 18: Helsinki Energy Board and (up till 1973) Turku Gas Company. Since 1987 Helsinkikaasu Oy.

Tilastokeskus 89 10 Öljynjalostus Oil refining  gOM\QMDORVWDPRLGHQV\|W|WMDWXRWDQWR Refinery feedstocks and production

             W

6\|W|W±Refinery feedstocks: 5DDND|OM\±Crude oil …………………………………             

0XXWV\|W|W±Other feedstocks………………………              9lOLWXRWWHHWSHWURNHPLDQWHROOLVXXGHVWD± Backflows from petrochemical industry……………… ±            

6\|W|W\KWHHQVl±Refinery feedstocks total…………              gOM\WXRWWHHW±Petroleum products: -DORVWDPRNDDVXW±Refinery gases…………………… 

1HVWHNDDVXW±LPG……………………………………              0RRWWRULEHQVLLQL±Motor gasoline……………………              7HROOLVXXVEHQVLLQL±Naphtha…………………………              /LXRWWLPHW±Solvents……………………………………              3HWUROLW±Kerosenes……………………………………              'LHVHO|OM\NHY\WSROWWR|OM\±Diesel/Gas oil…………             

5DVNDVSROWWR|OM\ ± Heavy fuel oil 1) …………………             %LWXPLWXRWWHHW±Bitumen………………………………              gOM\WXRWWHHW\KWHHQVl±Petroleum products total……            

3XXWWXYLHQYXRVLHQWLHGRWO|\W\YlW(QHUJLD&'OWl

 6LVlOWllHULNRLVUDVNDDQSROWWR|OM\Q

/lKGH 1HVWH2LO2\M

90 Tilastokeskus                    

                   

                   

                   

                   

                   

                                  

                  

                   

Data for the missing years on the EnergyCD.

1) Includes special heavy fuel oil

Source: Neste Oil Corporation

Tilastokeskus 91 11 Energian tuonti ja vienti Imports and exports of energy  (QHUJLDQWXRQWLPllUlMDDUYR Energy imports, volume and value

.LYLKLLOL .RNVL 0DDNDDVX 5DDND|OM\ 0RRWWRULEHQVLLQL .HVNLWLVOHHW 5DVNDVSROWWR|OM\ 1HVWHNDDVXW Hard coal 1) Coke Natural gas 2) Crude oil 3) Motor gasoline Middle distillates Heavy fuel oil LPG

PLOM¼ PLOM¼ PLOMP PLOM¼ PLOM¼ PLOM¼ PLOM¼ PLOM¼ PLOM¼ W € mil. W € mil. mil. m 3 € mil. W € mil. W € mil. W € mil. W € mil. W € mil.    ««     ± ±           ««                 ««                 ««                 ««                 ««                 ««                 ««                 ««                 ««                 ««                 ««                 ««                 ««                 ««                 ««                 ««                 ««                 ««                 ««                 ««                 ««                 ««                 ««                 ««                

 6LVlOWllDQWUDVLLWLQPXWWDHLPHWDOOXUJLVWDNLYLKLLOWl  (URDDWDXOXNRQWLHGRVWDMRQNDOlKWHHQlRQ6XRPHQ.DDVX\KGLVW\VU\  6LVlOWllPDDNDDVXNRQGHQVDDWLQ  6LVlOWllHQHUJLDMDNDVYXWXUSHHQ(URDDWDXOXNRQWLHGRLVWDMRLGHQOlKWHHQlRQ7XUYHWHROOLVXXVOLLWWRU\  3XXSHOOHWWLlMDHQHUJLDSXXWDNRVNHYDWWLHGRWSHUXVWXYDWWXOOLQXONRPDDQNDXSSDWLODVWRQ&1QLPLNNHLVLLQ Y  1lLKLQQLPLNNHLVLLQYRLVLVlOW\lP\|VHULlMRWNDNl\WHWllQPXLKXQWDUNRLWXNVLLQNXLQHQHUJLDOlKWHHNVL  9XRGHVWDDONDHQPLWWD\NVLNN|QlXUDDQLWRQQL W8 MDWLHWROlKWHHQl6lWHLO\WXUYDNHVNXV(QQHQYXRWWDPLWWD\NVLNN|Ql \GLQSROWWRDLQHHOHPHQWLQSDLQRWRQQHLVVD$UYRWLHWRSHUXVWXXNRNRDLNDVDUMDVVDXONRPDDQNDXSSDWLODVWRQ\GLQSROWWRDLQHHOHPHQWLQWXRQWLDUYRRQ  6lKN|QWXRQQLQMDYLHQQLQWLODVWRLQWLPHQHWHOPlRQPXXWWXQXWXONRPDDQNDXSSDWLODVWRVVD9XRGHVWDDONDHQVlKN|QWXRQWLPllUl SHUXVWXXI\\VLVHHQVlKN|QVLLUWRRQMRNDRQQHWWRXWHWWXWXQWLNRKWDLVHVWLPDLWWDLQ6lKN|QDUYRODVNHWDDQNHVNLKLQQRLVWDMRWNDSHUXVWXYDW9HQlMlQMD 9LURQWXRQQLQRVDOWDNXXNDXVLNRKWDLVLLQWXOODXVLOPRLWXNVLLQ5XRWVLQMD1RUMDQWXRQQLQWXQWLNHVNLKLQQDWSHUXVWXYDWSRKMRLVPDLVHQVlKN|S|UVVLQ WLHWRLKLQ(URDDWDXOXNRQWLHGRVWDMRQNDOlKWHHQlRQ(QHUJLDWHROOLVXXVU\  7LHWRDHLROHWRLVWDLVHNVLVDDWDYLOODYXRGHVWDNRVND6,7&QLPLNNHLVW|RQPXXWWXQXW

/LLWWHHVVlRQHVLWHWW\HQHUJLDODMHMDYDVWDDYDW&1QLPLNNHHW (QHUJLDWHNQRORJLDOODNlVLWHWllQHQHUJLDQWXRWDQQRQVLLUURQMDMDNHOXQVHNlHQHUJLDQNl\W|QWHNQRORJLDD(QHUJLDWHNQRORJLDQPllULWWHO\SHUXVWXX(7/$Q HQHUJLDNOXVWHULWXWNLPXNVHHQ +HUQHVQLHPL9LLWDPR MDXONRPDDQNDXSSDWLODVWRLVVDNl\WHWW\\QK\|G\NHMDRWWHOXXQ

/lKWHHW ±± 7XOOLKDOOLWXV8ONRPDDQNDXSSDWLODVWR  6lWHLO\WXUYDNHVNXV  7XOOLKDOOLWXV8ONRPDDQNDXSSDWLODVWRMD(OLQNHLQRHOlPlQWXWNLPXVODLWRV

92 Tilastokeskus 0XXW|OM\WXRWWHHW 0HWDQROL 07%( 7XUYH  3XXSHOOHWWL 3XX

1) Anthracite is included but coking coal is not. 2) Differs from the data in table 2.5 where the Finnish Gas Association is the source. 3) Includes natural gas condensate. 4) Includes peat fuel and horticultural peat. Differs from the data in table 2.7 where the Association of Finnish Peat Industries is the source. 5) Data concerning wood pellets and energy wood are based on CN subheadings 4401 3020, 4401 1000 and 4401 3080 (from 2010) of the foreign trade statistics of Finnish Customs. 6) Since 1991, uranium tonne (tU) has been used as the measurement unit and the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority as the data source. The measurement unit prior to 1991 was weight of nuclear fuel element in tonnes. The data on value in the whole time series are based on the import value of nuclear fuel element obtained from Foreign Trade Statistics. 7) The method of compiling statistics on the imports and exports of electricity has changed in Foreign Trade Statistics. As from 2006, the import and export volumes of electricity are based on transfer of physical electricity, which has been netted by country according to hours. The price of electricity is calculated from average prices, which for Russia and Estonia are based the monthly customs declarations. For Sweden and Norway the average hourly prices of imports are based on data from the Nordic electricity market. Differs from the data in table 3.1 where Finnish Energy Industries is the source.  Data from 2007 are not available for the time being, as the SITC nomenclature has changed. CN headings corresponding to the forms of energy are given in appendix 2.

Energy techology is understood as technology related to energy production, transmission and distribution and energy use. The definition of energy technology is based in the energy cluster survey by the Research Institute of the Finnish Economy (ETLA) and the commodity classification used in the foreign trade statistics.

Sources: 1–28, 30–33: Board of Customs /Foreign Trade Statistics 34: Board of Customs /Foreign Trade Statistics and 29: Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy

Tilastokeskus 93  (QHUJLDQYLHQWLPllUlMDDUYR Energy exports, volume and value

.LYLKLLOL .RNVL 5DDND|OM\MDPDDNDDVXNRQGHQVDDWWL 0RRWWRULEHQVLLQL /HQWRSHWUROL .HVNLWLVOHHW Hard coal 1) Coke Crude oil and NGL Motor gasoline Jet fuel Middle distillates PLOM¼ PLOM¼ PLOM¼ PLOM¼ PLOM¼ PLOM¼ W € mil. W€ mil. W € mil. W € mil. W € mil. W € mil.             ««««««««  ±±  ±±  ««««««««± ± ± ± ± ±   ± ±   ««««««««            «««««««     ± ±   ± ±   «««««««     ± ±   ± ±   «««««««     ± ±       «««««««             ««««««««    ± ±       ««««««««            ««««««««    ± ±       ««««««««± ±   ± ±       ««««««««± ±   ± ±       ««««««««± ±   ± ±       ««««««««± ±   ± ±       ««««««««± ±           ««««««««± ±   ± ±       ««««««««± ±   ± ±       ««««««««± ±   ± ±       ««««««««    ± ±       ««««««««    ± ±       ««««««««    ± ±       ««««««««    ± ±       ««««««««    ± ±       ««««««««            ««««««««            ««««««««    ± ±       ««««««««± ±           ««««««««            ««««««««    ± ±       ««««««««    ± ±       ««««««««    ± ±       ««««««««            ««««««««    ± ±      

 (LVLVlOOlPHWDOOXUJLVWDNLYLKLLOWl  6LVlOWllHQHUJLDMDNDVYXWXUSHHQ(URDDWDXOXNRQWLHGRLVWDMRNDNDWWDDYDLQHQHUJLDWXUSHHQYLHQQLQ  3XXSHOOHWWLlMDHQHUJLDSXXWDNRVNHYDWWLHGRWSHUXVWXYDWWXOOLQXONRPDDQNDXSSDWLODVWRQ&1QLPLNNHLVLLQ Y  1lLKLQQLPLNNHLVLLQYRLVLVlOW\lP\|VHULlMRWNDNl\WHWllQPXLKXQWDUNRLWXNVLLQNXLQHQHUJLDOlKWHHNVL  6lKN|QWXRQQLQMDYLHQQLQWLODVWRLQWLPHQHWHOPlRQPXXWWXQXWXONRPDDQNDXSSDWLODVWRVVD9XRGHVWDDONDHQVlKN|QYLHQWLPllUl SHUXVWXXI\\VLVHHQVlKN|QVLLUWRRQMRNDRQQHWWRXWHWWXWXQWLNRKWDLVHVWLPDLWWDLQ6lKN|QDUYRODVNHWDDQNHVNLKLQQRLVWDMRWNDSHUXVWXYDW9HQlMlQMD 9LURQYLHQQLQRVDOWDNXXNDXVLNRKWDLVLLQWXOODXVLOPRLWXNVLLQ5XRWVLQMD1RUMDQYLHQQLQWXQWLNHVNLKLQQDWSHUXVWXYDWSRKMRLVPDLVHQVlKN|S|UVVLQWLHWRLKLQ  7LHWRDHLROHWRLVWDLVHNVLVDDWDYLOODYXRGHVWDNRVND6,7&QLPLNNHLVW|RQPXXWWXQXW

(URDDWDXOXNRQWLHGRVWDMRQNDOlKWHHQlRQ(QHUJLDWHROOLVXXVU\

/LLWWHHVVlRQHVLWHWW\HQHUJLDODMHMDYDVWDDYDW&1QLPLNNHHW (QHUJLDWHNQRORJLDOODNlVLWHWllQHQHUJLDQWXRWDQQRQVLLUURQMDMDNHOXQVHNlHQHUJLDQNl\W|QWHNQRORJLDD(QHUJLDWHNQRORJLDQPllULWWHO\SHUXVWXX(7/$Q HQHUJLDNOXVWHULWXWNLPXNVHHQ +HUQHVQLHPL9LLWDPR MDXONRPDDQNDXSSDWLODVWRLVVDNl\WHWW\\QK\|G\NHMDRWWHOXXQ

/lKWHHW ± 7XOOLKDOOLWXV8ONRPDDQNDXSSDWLODVWR  7XOOLKDOOLWXV8ONRPDDQNDXSSDWLODVWRMD(OLQNHLQRHOlPlQWXWNLPXVODLWRV

94 Tilastokeskus 5DVNDVSROWWR|OM\ 1HVWHNDDVXW 0XXW 7XUYH 3XXSHOOHWWL 3XX 6lKN| Yhteensä (QHUJLDWHNQRORJLD Heavy fuel oil LPG Others Peat 2) Wood pellet 3) Wood 3) Electricity 4) Total Energy technology 5) PLOM¼ PLOM¼ PLOM¼ PLOM¼ PLOM¼ PLOM¼ PLOM¼ milj. € PLOM¼ W € mil. W € mil. € mil. W € mil. W € mil. W € mil. *:K € mil. € mil. € mil.              26  ± ±    ± ±       9  ± ±    ± ±       11               328               389               381               540               695               534               295               287       ± ±       229       ± ±       126       ± ±       208       ± ±       422       ± ±       550       ± ±       564       ± ±       511               553               1 093               824               696               942               1 695               1 499               1 597               1 800               2 087               2 294               3 255               3 598               4 511               2 903               4 209 

1) Coking coal is not included. 2) Includes peat fuel and horticultural peat. Differs from the data in table 2.7 which only cover exports of peat fuel. 3) Data concerning wood pellets and energy wood are based on CN subheadings 4401 3020, 4401 1000 and 4401 3080 (from 2010) of the foreign trade statistics of Finnish Customs. 4) The method of compiling statistics on the imports and exports of electricity has changed in Foreign Trade Statistics. As from 2006, the import and export volumes of electricity are based on transfer of physical electricity, which has been netted by country according to hours. The price of electricity is calculated from average prices, which for Russia and Estonia are based the monthly customs declarations. For Sweden and Norway the average hourly prices of exports are based on data from the Nordic electricity market. 5) Data from 2007 are not available for the time being, as the SITC nomenclature has changed. Differs from the data in table 3.1 where Finnish Energy Industries is the source.

CN headings corresponding to the forms of energy are given in appendix 2. Energy techology is understood as technology related to energy production, transmission and distribution and energy use. The definition of energy technology is based on the energy cluster survey by the Research Institute of the Finnish Economy (ETLA) and the commodity classification used in the foreign trade statistics.

Sources: 1–26: Board of Customs /Foreign Trade Statistics 27: Board of Customs /Foreign Trade Statistics and The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy

Tilastokeskus 95  (QHUJLDQWXRQWLDONXSHUlPDLWWDLQ Energy imports by country of origin 2010

.LYLKLLOL .RNVL 0DDNDDVX 5DDND|OM\ 0RRWWRULEHQVLLQL .HVNLWLVOHHW 5DVNDVSROWWR|OM\ Hard coal 1) Coke 2) Natural gas 3) Crude oil 4) Motor gasoline Middle distillates Heavy fuel oil PLOMP W W mil. m 3 W W W W      9HQlMl 586«««««««««     ±   5XRWVL 6:(«««««««««   ± ±    1RUMD 125««««««««« ±  ±  ± ± ± $ODQNRPDDW 1/'«««««««««   ± ±  ±  .D]DNVWDQ .$=«««««««««   ±  ±  ± ,QWLD ,'1«««««««««« ±± ± ± ± ± %HOJLD %(/«««««««««« ± ± ±   9LUR (67««««««««« ± ±± ± 7DQVND '1.««««««««« ±  ±  ±   6DNVD '(8«««««««««   ±     5DQVND )5$««««««««« ± ±    ,VR%ULWDQQLD *%5««««««««« ±±   ± ± .DQDGD &$1««««««««« ±± ± ± ±

 6LVlOWllDQWUDVLLWLQPXWWDHLPHWDOOXUJLVWDNLYLKLLOWl  7LHGRWDONXSHUlPDLVWDRYDWSXXWWHHOOLVLD  (URDDWDXOXNRQWLHGRVWDMRQNDOlKWHHQlRQ6XRPHQ.DDVX\KGLVW\VU\  6LVlOWllPDDNDDVXNRQGHQVDDWLQ  6LVlOWllHQHUJLDMDNDVYXWXUSHHQ(URDDWDXOXNRQWLHGRLVWDMRLGHQOlKWHHQlRQ7XUYHWHROOLVXXVOLLWWRU\  3XXSHOOHWWLlMDHQHUJLDSXXWDNRVNHYDWWLHGRWSHUXVWXYDWWXOOLQXONRPDDQNDXSSDWLODVWRQ&1QLPLNNHLVLLQDQG IURP 1lLKLQQLPLNNHLVLLQYRLVLVlOW\lP\|VHULlMRWNDNl\WHWllQPXLKXQWDUNRLWXNVLLQNXLQHQHUJLDOlKWHHNVL  0LWWD\NVLNN|QlXUDDQLWRQQL W8 MDWLHWROlKWHHHQl6lWHLO\WXUYDNHVNXV$UYRWLHWRQDXONRPDDQNDXSSDWLODVWRQ\GLQSROWWRDLQHHOHPHQWLQWXRQWLDUYR  6lKN|QWXRQQLQMDYLHQQLQWLODVWRLQWLPHQHWHOPlRQPXXWWXQXWXONRPDDQNDXSSDWLODVWRVVD9XRGHVWDDONDHQVlKN|QWXRQWLPllUl SHUXVWXXI\\VLVHHQVlKN|QVLLUWRRQMRNDRQQHWWRXWHWWXWXQWLNRKWDLVHVWLPDLWWDLQ6lKN|QDUYRODVNHWDDQNHVNLKLQQRLVWDMRWNDSHUXVWXYDW9HQlMlQMD 9LURQWXRQQLQRVDOWDNXXNDXVLNRKWDLVLLQWXOODXVLOPRLWXNVLLQ5XRWVLQMD1RUMDQWXRQQLQWXQWLNHVNLKLQQDWSHUXVWXYDWSRKMRLVPDLVHQVlKN|S|UVVLQWLHWRLKLQ (URDDWDXOXNRQWLHGRVWDMRQNDOlKWHHQlRQ(QHUJLDWHROOLVXXVU\

0DLGHQNROPLNLUMDLPLVWHQWXQQXNVLHQVHOLW\NVHWO|\W\YlWVLYXOWDMD(QHUJLD&'OWl /LLWWHHVVlRQHVLWHWW\HQHUJLDODMHMDYDVWDDYDW&1QLPLNNHHW

/lKWHHW ±± 7XOOLKDOOLWXV8ONRPDDQNDXSSDWLODVWR  6lWHLO\WXUYDNHVNXV

96 Tilastokeskus 1HVWHNDDVXW 0XXW|OM\WXRWWHHW 0HWDQROL 07%( 7XUYH 3XXSHOOHWWL 3XX

                  1 001

                  1 333

                  8 057

1) Anthracite is included but coking coal is not. 2) The information on the country of origin is insuffiecient. 3) Differs from the data in table 2.5 where the Finnish Gas Association is the source. 4) Includes natural gas condensate. 5) Includes peat fuel and horticultural peat. Differs from the data in table 2.7 where the Association of Finnish Peat Industries is the source. 6) Data concerning wood pellets and energy wood are based on CN subheadings 4401 3020, 4401 1000 and 4401 3080 (from 2010) of the foreign trade statistics of Finnish Customs. 7) Uranium tonne (tU) as the measurement unit and the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority as the data source. The data on value are based on the import value of nuclear fuel element obtained from Foreign Trade Statistics.  The method of compiling statistics on the imports and exports of electricity has changed in Foreign Trade Statistics. As from 2006, the import and export volumes of electricity are based on transfer of physical electricity, which has been netted by country according to hours. The price of electricity is calculated from average prices, which for Russia and Estonia are based the monthly customs declarations. For Sweden and Norway the average hourly prices of imports are based on data from the Nordic electricity market. Differs from the data in table 3.1 where Finnish Energy Industries is the source.

Sources: 1–14, 16–17: Board of Customs /Foreign Trade Statistics Explanations for the three-letter country codes on page 27 and on the EnergyCD. 15: Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority CN headings corresponding to the forms of energy are given in appendix 2.

Tilastokeskus 97  (QHUJLDQYLHQWLNRKGHPDLWWDLQ Energy exports by country of destination 2010

.RNVL 0RRWWRULEHQVLLQL /HQWRSHWUROL .HVNLWLVOHHW Coke Motor gasoline Jet fuel Middle distillates

W W W W    5XRWVL 6:(«««««««««««««««««««« ±  ±  .DQDGD &$1«««««««««««««««««««« ±  ±  $ODQNRPDDW 1/'«««««««««««««««««««« ±  ±  %HOJLD %(/«««««««««««««««««««« ±± ±  6DNVD '(8«««««««««««««««««««« ±  ±  9HQlMl 586««««««««««««««««««««  ±  7DQVND '1.«««««««««««««««««««« ± ± ± 

 6LVlOWllHQHUJLDMDNDVYXWXUSHHQ(URDDWDXOXNRQWLHGRLVWDMRNDNDWWDDYDLQHQHUJLDWXUSHHQYLHQQLQ  3XXSHOOHWWLlMDHQHUJLDSXXWDNRVNHYDWWLHGRWSHUXVWXYDWWXOOLQXONRPDDQNDXSSDWLODVWRQ&1QLPLNNHLVLLQDQG  IURP 1lLKLQQLPLNNHLVLLQYRLVLVlOW\lP\|VHULlMRWNDNl\WHWllQPXLKXQWDUNRLWXNVLLQNXLQHQHUJLDOlKWHHNVL  6lKN|QWXRQQLQMDYLHQQLQWLODVWRLQWLPHQHWHOPlRQPXXWWXQXWXONRPDDQNDXSSDWLODVWRVVD9XRGHVWDDONDHQVlKN|QYLHQWLPllUl SHUXVWXXI\\VLVHHQVlKN|QVLLUWRRQMRNDRQQHWWRXWHWWXWXQWLNRKWDLVHVWLPDLWWDLQ6lKN|QDUYRODVNHWDDQNHVNLKLQQRLVWDMRWNDSHUXVWXYDW9HQlMlQMD 9LURQYLHQQLQRVDOWDNXXNDXVLNRKWDLVLLQWXOODXVLOPRLWXNVLLQ5XRWVLQMD1RUMDQYLHQQLQWXQWLNHVNLKLQQDWSHUXVWXYDWSRKMRLVPDLVHQVlKN|S|UVVLQWLHWRLKLQ (URDDWDXOXNRQWLHGRVWDMRQNDOlKWHHQlRQ(QHUJLDWHROOLVXXVU\

0DLGHQNROPLNLUMDLPLVWHQWXQQXNVLHQVHOLW\NVHWO|\W\YlWVLYXOWDMD(QHUJLD&'OWl /LLWWHHVVlRQHVLWHWW\HQHUJLDODMHMDYDVWDDYDW&1±QLPLNNHHW /lKGH 7XOOLKDOOLWXV8ONRPDDQNDXSSDWLODVWR

98 Tilastokeskus   5DVNDVSROWWR|OM\ 1HVWHNDDVXW 0XXW 7XUYH 3XXSHOOHWWL 3XX 6lKN| Arvo 1) 3) Heavy fuel oil LPG Others Peat Wood pellet 2) Wood 2) Electricity Value milj. € W W W W W W *:K € mil. 12        1 474 ±±±±±348     ± ± ± 331     ± ± ± 292 ±     ± ± 251 ±±±221  ±    ± ± 207 ±±±±180 ±±±±140 ±±±±130        125 ±±±±±118 ±±±111 ±±±53 ±       41 ±±±±±32 ±±±±±22 ±±±±±20 ±±±±±±±18 ±±±±±±17 ±±±±±±±16 ±±±±±12 ±±±±10 ±±±±±8 ±±±±8 ±±±±±6 ±±±±±±4 ±±±±±3 ±±±±±3 ±±±±±2 ±4 704 15 765 76 179 18 5 084 239 11 659 8 23 1 293 4 209

              3 138

              3 604

±      ± ±      ± 360

1) Includes peat fuel and horticultural peat. Differs from the data in table 2.7 which only cover exports of peat fuel. 2) Data concerning wood pellets and energy wood are based on CN subheadings 4401 3020, 4401 1000 and 4401 3080 (from 2010) of the foreign trade statistics of Finnish Customs.  The method of compiling statistics on the imports and exports of electricity has changed in Foreign Trade Statistics. As from 2006, the import and export volumes of electricity are based on transfer of physical electricity, which has been netted by country according to hours. The price of electricity is calculated from average prices, which for Russia and Estonia are based the monthly customs declarations. For Sweden and Norway the average hourly prices of exports are based on data from the Nordic electricity market. Differs from the data in table 3.1 where Finnish Energy Industries is the source. Explanations for the three-letter country codes on page 27 and on the EnergyCD. CN headings corresponding to the forms of energy are given in appendix 2. Source: Board of Customs /Foreign Trade Statistics

Tilastokeskus 99 12 Energia ja päästöt Energy and the emissions  5LNNLSllVW|WSROWWRDLQHLWWDLQ Sulphur emissions by fuels

5DVNDV .HY\W /LLNHQQH 0XXW .LYLKLLOL 0XX 0DDNDDVX 7XUYH 6HNDSROWWRDLQHHW 3XXSROWWR 0XXW 7HROO

W62      ««              ««              ««              ««              ««              ««              ««              ««              ««              ««              ««              ««              ««              ««              ««              ««              ««              ««              ««              ««               ««             

9XRGHQWLHGRWRYDWDUYLRLWD 1991 data is estimated. 3llVW|WRQMDHWWXODVNHQQDOOLVHVWLHULSROWWRDLQHLOOH Estimated shares of emissions have been allocated to fuels.

 /LLNHQQHSROWWRDLQHHWPRRWWRULEHQVLLQLGLHVHO|OM\OHQWRSHWUROLMD 1) Transport fuels: motor gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel and aviation gasoline OHQWREHQVLLQL6XPPDDQHLYlWVLVlOO\EHQVLLQLQMDGLHVHOLQELRRVXXGHW The sum excludes biodegradable proportions of motor gasoline and diesel  0XXW|OM\WQHVWHNDDVXMDORVWDPRNDDVXWHROOLVXXVEHQVLLQL|OM\NRNVL 2) Other oil: refinery gases, naphta, petroleum coke, other kerosines, PXXWSHWUROLWNLHUUlW\VMDMlWH|OM\VHNlPXXW|OM\WXRWWHHW recycled and recovered oil and other oil products  0XXKLLOLNRNVLPDVXXQLNDDVXNRNVDDPRNDDVXKLLOLWHUYDMDPXX 3) Other coal: coke, blast furnace gas, coke oven gas, coal tar and HULWWHOHPlW|QKLLOL other non specified coal  6HNDSROWWRDLQHHWMDPXXWIRVVLLOLVHWNLHUUlW\VSROWWRDLQHHWIRVVLLOLVWD 4) Mixed fuels and other fossil fuels: recovered and waste fuels, KLLOWlVLVlOWlYlWMlWWHHWWXRWHNDDVXSXUNXSXX\PVHNDODLVHW product gas, demolition wood, etc  0XXWHLIRVVLLOLVHWELRNDDVXYHW\NDVYLMDHOlLQSHUlLVHWWXRWWHHW 5) Other non-fossil fuels: biogas, hydrogen, vegetable and animal based VHNlOLLNHQQHSROWWRDLQHLGHQELRRVXXGHW fuels and biodegradable proportions of transport fuels.  7HROOLVXXGHQSURVHVVHLVWDSHUlLVLQROHYDW HLSROWWRDLQHSHUlLVHW  6) Emissions from industrial processes (non-combustion) SllVW|W

/lKWHHW 7LODVWRNHVNXV.DVYLKXRQHNDDVXMHQLQYHQWDDULR Sources: Statistics Finland /Greenhouse gas inventory, The Monitoring and

100 Tilastokeskus  7\SHQRNVLGLHQSllVW|WSROWWRDLQHLWWDLQ Nitrogen oxide emissions by fuels

5DVNDV .HY\W /LLNHQQH 0XXW .LYLKLLOL 0XX 0DDNDDVX 7XUYH 6HNDSROWWRDLQHHW 3XXSROWWR 0XXW 7HROO

W12      ««              ««              ««              ««              ««              ««              ««              ««              ««              ««              ««              ««              ««              ««              ««              ««              ««              ««              ««              ««               ««             

9XRGHQWLHGRWRYDWDUYLRLWD 1991 data is estimated.

3llVW|WRQMDHWWXODVNHQQDOOLVHVWLHULSROWWRDLQHLOOH Estimated shares of emissions have been allocated to fuels.

 /LLNHQQHSROWWRDLQHHWPRRWWRULEHQVLLQLGLHVHO|OM\OHQWRSHWUROL 1) Transport fuels: motor gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel and aviation MDOHQWREHQVLLQL6XPPDDQHLYlWVLVlOO\EHQVLLQLQMDGLHVHOLQ gasoline. The sum excludes biodegradable proportions of motor ELRRVXXGHW gasoline and diesel fuel.  0XXW|OM\WQHVWHNDDVXMDORVWDPRNDDVXWHROOLVXXVEHQVLLQL 2) Other oil: refinery gases, naphta, petroleum coke, other kerosines, |OM\NRNVLPXXWSHWUROLWNLHUUlW\VMDMlWH|OM\VHNlPXXW|OM\WXRWWHHW recycled and recovered oil and other oil products  0XXKLLOLNRNVLPDVXXQLNDDVXNRNVDDPRNDDVXKLLOLWHUYDMD 3) Other coal: coke, blast furnace gas, coke oven gas, coal tar and PXXHULWWHOHPlW|QKLLOL other non specified coal  6HNDSROWWRDLQHHWMDPXXWIRVVLLOLVHWNLHUUlW\VSROWWRDLQHHW 4) Mixed fuels and other fossil fuels: recovered and waste fuels, IRVVLLOLVWDKLLOWlVLVlOWlYlWMlWWHHWWXRWHNDDVXSXUNXSXX\PVHNDODLVHW product gas, demolition wood, etc.  0XXWHLIRVVLLOLVHWELRNDDVXYHW\NDVYLMDHOlLQSHUlLVHW 5) Other non-fossil fuels: biogas, hydrogen, vegetable and animal based WXRWWHHWVHNlOLLNHQQHSROWWRDLQHLGHQELRRVXXGHW fuels and biodegradable proportions of transport fuels.  7HROOLVXXGHQSURVHVVHLVWDSHUlLVLQROHYDW HLSROWWRDLQHSHUlLVHW 6) Emissions from industrial processes (non-combustion) SllVW|W

/lKWHHW 7LODVWRNHVNXV.DVYLKXRQHNDDVXMHQLQYHQWDDULR Sources: Statistics Finland /Greenhouse gas inventory, The Monitoring

Tilastokeskus 101 12.3 Hiilidioksidipäästöt Carbon dioxide emissions  +LLOLGLRNVLGLSllVW|WSROWWRDLQHLWWDLQ Carbon dioxide emissions by fuels

5DVNDV .HY\W /LLNHQQH 0XXW .LYL 0XX 0DD 7XUYH 6HND &2 3XXSROWWR 0XXW

Heavy Light Transport Other Hard Other Natural MDPXXW &2 Wood Other IRVV ELR Iron and 1) 2) fuel oil fuel oil fuels oil coal coal 3) gas IRVVLLOLVHW transfer 5) fuels non-fossil 6) steel Mixed fuels process 7) and other fossil fuels 4)

PLOMW&2±mil. t CO 2                ««                ««                ««                ««                ««                ««                ««                ««                ««                ««                ««                ««                ««                ««                ««                ««                ««                ««                ««                ««                 ««               

9XRGHQWLHGRWRYDWDUYLRLWD 1991 data is estimated.

7LODVWRNHVNXVMXONDLVHH6XRPHQYLUDOOLVHWNDVYLKXRQHNDDVXSllVW|W Finland's official greenhouse gas emissions will be published on April KXKWLNXXVVD by Statistics Finland.

 /LLNHQQHSROWWRDLQHHWPRRWWRULEHQVLLQLGLHVHO|OM\OHQWRSHWUROLMD 1) Transport fuels: motor gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel and aviation OHQWREHQVLLQL6XPPDDQHLYlWVLVlOO\EHQVLLQLQMDGLHVHOLQ gasoline. The sum excludes biodegradable proportions of motor ELRRVXXGHW gasoline and diesel fuel.  0XXW|OM\WQHVWHNDDVXMDORVWDPRNDDVXWHROOLVXXVEHQVLLQL 2) Other oil: refinery gases, naphta, petroleum coke, other kerosines, |OM\NRNVLPXXWSHWUROLWNLHUUlW\VMDMlWH|OM\VHNlPXXW recycled and recovered oil and other oil products |OM\WXRWWHHW  0XXKLLOLNRNVLPDVXXQLNDDVXNRNVDDPRNDDVXKLLOLWHUYD 3) Other coal: coke, blast furnace gas, coke oven gas, coal tar and MDPXXHULWWHOHPlW|QKLLOL other non specified coal  6HNDSROWWRDLQHHWMDPXXWIRVVLLOLVHW YDLQIRVVLLOLVHQKLLOHQ 4) Mixed fuels and other fossil fuels (share of fossil carbon): RVXXV NLHUUlW\VSROWWRDLQHHWIRVVLLOLVWDKLLOWlVLVlOWlYlW recovered and waste fuels, product gas, demolition wood, etc MlWWHHWWXRWHNDDVXSXUNXSXX\PVHNDODLVHW  0HWVlWHROOLVXXGHQSROWWRSURVHVVHLVVDV\QW\YlKLLOLGLRNVLGLQ 5) Transfer of carbon dioxide generated in burning processes of the VLLUWRSDSHULQWl\WHDLQHHQ 3&& YDOPLVWXNVHHQ forest industry for manufacturing of paper filler (PCC).  0XXWHLIRVVLLOLVHWELRNDDVXYHW\NDVYLMDHOlLQSHUlLVHW 6) Other non-fossil fuels: biogas, hydrogen, vegetable and animal WXRWWHHWVHNlOLLNHQQHSROWWRDLQHLGHQELRRVXXGHW based fuels and biodegradable proportions of transport fuels.  5DXWDMDWHUlVWHROOLVXXGHQPDVXXQLHQSURVHVVLSHUlLQHQ 7) Share of process emissions from blast furnaces (incl. ferro RVXXVSllVW|LVWl POIHUURNURPLQYDOPLVWXV chromium production)

/lKWHHW 7LODVWRNHVNXV.DVYLKXRQHNDDVXMHQLQYHQWDDULR Sources: Statistics Finland /Greenhouse gas inventory, The Monitoring and

102 Tilastokeskus  6lKN|QMDOlPP|QWXRWDQQRQKLLOLGLRNVLGLSllVW|W Carbon dioxide emissions from heat and power production

6lKN|QWXRWDQQRQ&2SllVW|W .DXNROlPP|QWXRWDQQRQ&2SllVW|W 7HROOLVXXVK|\U\QWXRWDQQRQ&2SllVW|W

CO 2 emissions of electricity generation CO 2 emissions of production of CO 2 emissions of production of Total WXRWDQQRQ district heat industrial steam RPLQDLV  6lKN|Q

PLOMW&2±mil. t CO 2 J&2N:K   «             «             «             «             «             «             «             «             «             «             «            

7DXOXNNRVLVlOWllIRVVLLOLVWHQSROWWRDLQHLGHQMDWXUSHHQSROWRVWDDLKHXWXQHHW The table includes CO 2 emissions from combustion of fossil fuels and peat KLLOLGLRNVLGLSllVW|WVlKN|QMDOlPP|QWXRWDQQRVVD in heat and power production. 3llVW|WLHWRMHQSRKMDQDROHYDWSROWWRDLQHWLHGRWSHUXVWXYDW(QHUJLDWHROOLVXXV Emissions are based on data on fuels obtained with inquiries of U\QMD7LODVWRNHVNXNVHQN\VHO\LKLQ the Finnish Energy Industries and Statistics Finland. /lPP|QWXRWDQQRQRVDOWDWLHWRDLQHLVWRHLROHWl\VLQNDWWDYDVLOOlPP The inquiry is not comprehensive as regards production of heat. SLHQWHQOlPS|NHVNXVWHQMDWHROOLVXXVODLWRVWHQWLHWRMDSXXWWXXMRVVDLQPllULQ Data from e.g. small heating plants and industrial plants are partly missing.

 6lKN|QMDOlPP|Q\KWHLVWXRWDQQRQSROWWRDLQHHWRQMDHWWXVlKN|OOH 1) Fuels used in combined heat and power production have been MDOlPP|OOHWXRWDQWRMHQVXKWHHVVD allocated to electricity and heat according to their ratios of production HQHUJLDPHQHWHOPlNV(QHUJLD&'OWlWDXOXNNR  (energy method, see table 3.4.3 on the EnergyCD). 6lKN|QMDNDXNROlPP|Q\KWHLVWXRWDQWRVHNlVlKN|QMDWHROOLVXXV Combined production of electricity and district heat and combined K|\U\Q\KWHLVWXRWDQWRRQHURWHWWXSURVHVVLNRKWDLVHVWLKXRPLRLGHQ production of electricity and industrial steam have been NDXNROlPS|SURVHVVLQSDUHPPDQUDNHQQXVDVWHHQ distinguished by process and the better heat to power ratio of the 9DVWDDYDWK\|G\QMDNRPHQHWHOPlOOlMDHWWXMHQSROWWRDLQHLGHQWLHGRW district heat process has been taken into account. O|\W\YlW(QHUJLD&'OWlWDXOXNRVWDMDSllVW|WWDXOXNRVWD Respective data on fuel divisions by the benefit allocation method are    presented in table 3.4.4 and on emissions in table 11.3.2 (2) of the EnergyCD.  6lKN|QWXRWDQQRQRPLQDLVKLLOLGLRNVLGLSllVW|LOOlWDUNRLWHWDDQ 2) Specific carbon dioxide emissions in power production refers to SllVW|MHQVXKGHWWDWXRWHWWXXQVlKN|PllUllQ the ratio of emissions to the amount of generated electricity. .DXNROlPP|QMDWHROOLVXXVOlPP|QRPLQDLVKLLOLGLRNVLGLSllVW|W Specific carbon dioxide emissions in district and industrial heat O|\W\YlW(QHUJLD&'OWl are given on the EnergyCD. 6lKN|QNDXNROlPP|QMDWHROOLVXXVOlPP|QRPLQDLVKLLOLGLRNVLGL 6SHFLILFFDUERQGLR[LGHHPLVVLRQVRIHOHFWULFLW\GLVWULFWKHDWDQGLQGXVWULDO SllVW|WYLLGHQMDN\PPHQHQYXRGHQOLXNXYLOODNHVNLDUYROODO|\W\YlW KHDWZLWKILYH\HDUDQGWHQ\HDUPRYLQJDYHUDJHVDUHDYDLODEOH (QHUJLD&'OWl on EnergyCD.

3llVW|NHUWRLPHWZZZWLODVWRNHVNXVILSROWWRDLQHOXRNLWXV Emission factors: www.stat.fi/polttoaineluokitus

/lKGH 7LODVWRNHVNXV

Tilastokeskus 103  +LXNNDVSllVW|WSROWWRDLQHLWWDLQ Particle emissions by fuels

5DVNDV .HY\W /LLNHQQH 0XXW .LYL 0XX 0DD 7XUYH 6HNDSROWWR 3XXSROWWR 0XXW

3llVW|WRQMDHWWXODVNHQQDOOLVHVWLHULSROWWRDLQHLOOH Estimated shares of emissions have been allocated to fuels.

 /LLNHQQHSROWWRDLQHHWPRRWWRULEHQVLLQLGLHVHO|OM\OHQWRSHWUROLMD 1) Transport fuels: motor gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel and aviation gasoline OHQWREHQVLLQL6XPPDDQHLYlWVLVlOO\EHQVLLQLQMDGLHVHOLQ The sum excludes biodegradable proportions of motor gasoline and ELRRVXXGHW diesel fuel.  0XXW|OM\WQHVWHNDDVXMDORVWDPRNDDVXWHROOLVXXVEHQVLLQL 2) Other oil: refinery gases, naphta, petroleum coke, other kerosines, |OM\NRNVLPXXWSHWUROLWNLHUUlW\VMDMlWH|OM\VHNlPXXW|OM\WXRWWHHW recycled and recovered oil and other oil products  0XXKLLOLNRNVLPDVXXQLNDDVXNRNVDDPRNDDVXKLLOLWHUYDMD 3) Other coal: coke, blast furnace gas, coke oven gas, coal tar and PXXHULWWHOHPlW|QKLLOL other non specified coal  6HNDSROWWRDLQHHWMDPXXWIRVVLLOLVHWNLHUUlW\VSROWWRDLQHHWIRVVLLOLVWD 4) Mixed fuels and other fossil fuels: recovered and waste fuels, KLLOWlVLVlOWlYlWMlWWHHWWXRWHNDDVXSXUNXSXX\PVHNDODLVHW product gas, demolition wood, etc  0XXWHLIRVVLLOLVHWELRNDDVXYHW\NDVYLMDHOlLQSHUlLVHW 5) Other non-fossil fuels: biogas, hydrogen, vegetable and animal based WXRWWHHWVHNlOLLNHQQHSROWWRDLQHLGHQELRRVXXGHW fuels and biodegradable proportions of transport fuels.  7HROOLVXXGHQSURVHVVHLVWDSHUlLVLQROHYDW HLSROWWRDLQHSHUlLVHW  6) Emissions from industrial processes (non-combustion) SllVW|W

/lKWHHW 7LODVWRNHVNXV.DVYLKXRQHNDDVXMHQLQYHQWDDULR Sources: Statistics Finland /Greenhouse gas inventory, The Monitoring

104 Tilastokeskus  5DGLRDNWLLYLVWHQDLQHLGHQSllVW|W\GLQYRLPDODLWRNVLVWD Radioactive releases from nuclear power plants

3llVW|WLOPDDQ 3llVW|WYHWHHQ Releases into the air Releases into water -DORNDDVXW -RGLW +LXNNDVPDLVHW 7ULWLXP & 7ULWLXP 0XXWQXNOLGLW .UHNY ,HNY DLQHHW Tritium 14 C 3) Tritium Other nuclides Noble gases 2) Iodines Nuclides in ( 87 Kr-eq.) ( 131 I-eq.) aerosol-form %T   /RYLLVD «««««««««««««««« [ [ [ [ [ [ [ «««««««««««««««« [ [ [ [ [ [ [ «««««««««««««««« [ [ [ [ [ [ [        «««««««««««««««« [ [ [ [ [ [ [ «««««««««««««««« [ ±  [ [ [ [ [ «««««««««««««««« [ [ [ [ [ [ [ «««««««««««««««« [ [ [ [ [ [ [ «««««««««««««««« [ [ [ [ [ [ [      «««««««««««««««« [ [ [ [ [ [ [ «««««««««««««««« [ [ [ [ [ [ [ «««««««««««««««« [ [ [ [ [ [ [ ««««««««««««««««  [ [ [ [ [ [ [ ««««««««««««««««  [ [ [ [ [ [ [ ««««««««««««««««  [ [ [ [ [ [ [ 9XRVLSllVW|UDMD – Annual release limit… [  [  [ [  2ONLOXRWR «««««««««««««««« [ [ [ [ [ [ [ «««««««««««««««« [ [ [ [ [ [ [ «««««««««««««««« [ [ [ [ [ [ [        «««««««««««««««« [ [ [ [ [ [ [ «««««««««««««««« [ ±  [ [ [ [ [ «««««««««««««««« [ [ [ [ [ [ [ «««««««««««««««« [ [ [ [ [ [ [ «««««««««««««««« ±  ±  [ [ [ [ [        «««««««««««««««« [ [ [ [ [ [ [ «««««««««««««««« [ [ [ [ [ [ [ «««««««««««««««« [ [ [ [ [ [ [ «««««««««««««««« ± [ [ [ [ [ [ «««««««««««««««« ± [ [ [ [ [ [ ««««««««««««««««  [ [ [ [ [ [ [ 9XRVLSllVW|UDMD– Annual release limit… [ [ [ [

 5DGLRDNWLLYLVXXGHQ\NVLNN|RQEHFTXHUHO %T %T \KGHQDWRPLQ 1) The unit of radioactivity is Becquerel (Bq); 1 Bq = the disintegration KDMRDPLQHQVHNXQQLVVD of one atom per second  /RYLLVDQRVDOWDSllVW|RQYDOWDRVLQ$USllVW|MRQNDVXXUXXVRQ 2) In case of Loviisa a major part of the release is 41 Ar release, calculated DUYLRLWXODVNHQQDOOLVHVWLYXRGHQORSSXXQVDDNND up to the end of 1996.  &SllVW|PLWWDXNVHW/RYLLVDVVDYXRGHVWDDONDHQMD2ONL 3) C-14 releases measured at Loviisa since 1992 and Olkiluoto since 2001. OXRGRVVDYXRGHVWDDONDHQ$LNDLVHPPLQNRNHHOOLVHHQ Before releases were estimated based on experimental data. WXWNLPXNVHHQSHUXVWXYDSllVW|DUYLR  $OOHKDYDLWVHPLVUDMDQ 4) Below the detection limit.  /XNXDUYRLOPRLWWDDODLWRVDOXHWWDNRVNHYDQU\KPlNRKWDLVHQSllVW| 5) The figure shows the release limit of the plant site for the specific group UDMDQROHWWDHQHWWlPXLGHQSllVW|ODMLHQSllVW|MlHLWDSDKGX.RNR assuming that there will be no other releases of other release types. SllVW|UDMDRQDVHQQHWWXQLLQHWWlHULSllVW|ODMLHQSllVW|UDMDRVXXNVLHQ The total release limit has been set in such way that the sum of the VXPPDRQHQLQWllQ release limit shares of the various types is at the most 1. 3XXWWXYLHQYXRVLHQWLHGRWO|\W\YlW(QHUJLD&'OWl Data for the missing years on the EnergyCD. /lKGH 6lWHLO\WXUYDNHVNXV Source: Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority

Tilastokeskus 105 13 Energian hinnat Energy prices  gOM\QPDDLOPDQPDUNNLQDKLQWRMD World–market prices for oil 5DDND|OM\VSRWKLQWD 1:(XURSHQRWHHUDXNVHWW 86QNXUVVL Crude oil, spot price NW Europe quotations, $/t Rate of 1LPHOOLVKLQQDWEDUUHOL 9XRGHQUDKDVVD¼EDUUHOL %HQVLLQL .DDVX|OM\ 5DVNDVSROWWR|OM\ exchange Nominal prices, $/bbl, fob In 2010 money, €/bbl, fob 1) Gasoline Gasoil Heavy fuel oil for USD (3,5 % S) $UDELDQ/LJKW 'XEDL %UHQW $UDELDQ/LJKW 'XEDL %UHQW 86'(85    «««««««           «««««««           «««««««           «««««««           «««««««           «««««««           «««««««           «««««««           «««««««           «««««««           «««««««           «««««««           «««««««           «««««««           «««««««           «««««««           «««««««           «««««««           «««««««           «««««««           «««««««           «««««««           «««««««           «««««««           «««««««           «««««««           «««««««           «««««««           «««««««           «««««««           «««««««           «««««««           «««««««           «««««««           «««««««           «««««««           «««««««           «««««««           «««««««           «««««««           ««««««          

106 Tilastokeskus  -DWN± Cont. .XXNDXVL 5DDND|OM\VSRWKLQWD 1:(XURSHQRWHHUDXNVHWW 86QNXUVVL Month Crude oil, spot price NW Europe quotations, $/t Rate of 1LPHOOLVKLQQDWEDUUHOL 9XRGHQUDKDVVD¼EDUUHOL %HQVLLQL .DDVX|OM\ 5DVNDVSROWWR|OM\ exchange Nominal prices, $/bbl, fob In 2010 money, €/bbl, fob 1) Gasoline Gasoil Heavy fuel oil for USD (3,5 % S) $UDELDQ/LJKW 'XEDL %UHQW $UDELDQ/LJKW 'XEDL %UHQW 86'(85     ««««           ««««           ««««           ««««           ««««           ««««           ««««           ««««           ««««           ««««            ««««           ««««            ««««            ««««            ««««            ««««            ««««            ««««            ««««            ««««            ««««            ««««           ««««           ««««            ««««            ««««            ««««            ««««            ««««            ««««            ««««            ««««            ««««            ««««           ««««           ««««            ««««            ««««            ««««            ««««            ««««            ««««            ««««            ««««            ««««           

 +LQQDWGHIODWRLWXHOLQNXVWDQQXVLQGHNVLOOlMDYDOXXWWDNXUVVLKXRPLRLWX 1) The prices are deflated by the coost of living index and the exchange rate is taken into account 3XXWWXYLHQNXXNDXVLHQWLHGRWO|\W\YlW(QHUJLD&'OWl Data for the missing months on the EnergyCD.

/lKWHHW 6XRPHQ3DQNNLMD,($(QHUJ\3ULFHVDQG7D[HV Sources: Bank of Finland and IEA /Energy Prices and Taxes

Tilastokeskus 107  3ROWWRDLQHLGHQMDVlKN|QNHVNLPllUlLVHWWXRQWLKLQQDW Average import prices of fuels and electricity

.LYLKLLOL $QWUDVLLWWL .RNVL 5DDND 0RRWWRUL .HVNL 5DVNDV 1HVWH 0HWDQROL 07%( 0DD

/lKGH 7XOOLKDOOLWXV8ONRPDDQNDXSSDWLODVWR Source: Board of Customs /Foreign Trade Statistics

108 Tilastokeskus  3ROWWRQHVWHLGHQNXOXWWDMDKLQQDW Consumer prices of liquid fuels

0RRWWRULEHQVLLQL 'LHVHO|OM\ .HY\WSROWWR|OM\ 5DVNDVSROWWR|OM\ Motor gasoline Diesel fuel Light fuel oil Heavy fuel oil RNW /\LM\W|QRNW /\LM\W|QRNW RNW 92 oct. Unleaded 95 oct. Unleaded 98 oct. 99 oct. FO FO FO FO FO FO ¼0:K FNJ ¼0:K    ««««««  ± ±       ««««««  ± ±       ««««««  ± ±       ««««««  ± ±       ««««««  ± ±       ««««««  ± ±       ««««««  ± ±       ««««««  ± ±       ««««««  ± ±       ««««««  ± ±       ««««««  ± ±       ««««««  ± ±       ««««««  ± ±       ««««««  ± ±       ««««««  ± ±       ««««««« ±  ±       ««««««« ±  ±       ««««««« ±  ±       ««««««« ±  ±       ««««««« ± ««««««« ± ««««««« ±         ««««««« ± ««««««« ± ««««««« ± ««««««« ±         ««««««« ±         ««««««« ±         ««««««« ±   ±      ««««««« ±   ±      ««««««« ±   ±      ««««««« ±   ±      ««««««« ±   ±      ««««««« ±   ±      ««««««« ±   ±      ««««««« ±   ±      ««««««« ±   ±       ±««« ±         ±««« ±         ±««« ±         ±«« ±          ±««« ±   ±      ±««« ±   ±      ±««« ±   ±      ±«« ±   ±       ±««« ±   ±      ±««« ±   ±      ±««« ±   ±      ±«« ±   ±       ±««« ±   ±      ±««« ±   ±      ±««« ±   ±      ±«« ±   ±      3XXWWXYLHQYXRVLHQWLHGRWO|\W\YlW(QHUJLD&'OWl Data for the missing years on the EnergyCD.

Tilastokeskus 109  -DWN±Cont. 0RRWWRULEHQVLLQL 'LHVHO|OM\ .HY\WSROWWR|OM\ 5DVNDVSROWWR|OM\ Motor gasoline Diesel fuel Light fuel oil Heavy fuel oil RNW /\LM\W|QRNW /\LM\W|QRNW RNW 92 oct. Unleaded 95 oct. Unleaded 98 oct. 99 oct. FO FO FO FO FO FO ¼0:K FNJ ¼0:K     ±««« ±   ±      ±««« ±   ±      ±««« ±   ±      ±«« ±   ±       ±««« ±   ±      ±««« ±   ±      ±««« ±   ±      ±«« ±   ±       ±««« ±   ±      ±««« ±   ±      ±««« ±   ±      ±«« ±   ±       ±««« ±   ±      ±««« ±   ±      ±««« ±   ±      ±«« ±   ±       ±««« ±   ±      ±««« ±   ±      ±««« ±   ±      ±«« ±   ±       ±««« ±   ±      ±««« ±   ±      ±««« ±   ±      ±«« ±   ±       ±««« ±   ±      ±««« ±   ±      ±««« ±   ±      ±«« ±          ««««  ±   ±      ««««  ±   ±      ««««  ±   ±      ««««  ±   ±      ««««  ±   ±      ««««  ±   ±      ««««  ±   ±      ««««  ±   ±      ««««  ±   ±      «««« ±   ±      «««« ±   ±     

.XOXWWDMDKLQQDWRYDWYHUROOLVLDKLQWRMDMRLWDHLROHGHIODWRLWX3ROWWR|OM\MHQKLQQDW\KWHQlLVHWNRNRPDDVVDOlKWLHQMDOLLNHQQHSROWWRQHVWHLGHQKLQQDW OlKWLHQ$LNDLVHPPDWKLQQDW\OLPSLlVDOOLWWXMDNXOXWWDMDKLQWRMD+HOVLQJLVVl7XUXVVDMD.RWNDVVDOlKWLHQPDDVVDHLROHROOXW OLLNHQQHSROWWRQHVWHLOOl\KWHQlLVLlKLQWRMD%HQVLLQLQMDGLHVHO|OM\QYDKYLVWHWXWKLQQDWQVSDOYHOXKLQWRMDVDDNNDMRVWDOlKWLHQQHRYDWLWVHSDOYHOXKLQWRMD |OM\WXRWWHLGHQKLQWDYDOYRQWDODNNDVL6LLWlOlKWLHQLOPRLWHWXWEHQVLLQLQGLHVHO|OM\QMDNHY\HQSROWWR|OM\QKLQQDWRYDW|OM\\KWL|LGHQPDUNNLQDRVXXNVLOOD SDLQRWHWWXMDNHVNLDUYRMD5DVNDDQSROWWR|OM\QKLQWDWDUNRLWWDDSLHQHKN|MHQOlPS|ODLWRVWHQMDYDVWDDYLHQNXOXWWDMLHQPDNVDPDDYlKlULNNLVHQODDGXQNHVNLKLQWDD 9XRGHVWDOlKWLHQRQEHQVLLQLHQGLHVHO|OM\QMDNHY\HQSROWWR|OM\QKLQWDVDDWXNXOXWWDMDKLQWDLQGHNVLlYDUWHQNHUlW\VWlDLQHLVWRVWD Consumer prices are taxable prices that are not deflated. Uniform fuel oil prices for the whole country have been applicable since June 1, 1974 and uniform prices for transportation fuels since January 1, 1978. For earlier years the prices are maximum permissible consumer prices charged in the cities of Helsinki, Turku and Kotka. Since June 18, 1984 transportation fuels have had no uniform prices in Finland. The prices fixed for motor gasoline and diesel oil were "service included" prices up to January 1, 1979 and since that date self-service prices. Price control regarding oil products ended on 1 October 1988. Since then, the prices to be notified for gasoline, diesel oil and light fuel oil have been averages weighted by the oil companies' market shares. The price of heavy fuel oil is the average price paid by minor heating plants and corresponding consumers. From the year 1993 prices for gasolines, diesel oil and light fuel oil were taken from the material collected for the consumer price index. /lKWHHW 7LODVWRNHVNXV.XOXWWDMDKLQQDWMDgOM\DODQ.HVNXVOLLWWRU\ Sources: Statistics Finland /Consumer Prices and Finnish Petroleum Federation

110 Tilastokeskus  .LYLKLLOHQPDDNDDVXQMDNRWLPDLVWHQSROWWRDLQHLGHQNl\WWlMlKLQQDWOlPP|QWXRWDQQRVVD Consumer prices of hard coal, natural gas and indigenous fuels in heat production

.LYLKLLOL 0DDNDDVX -\UVLQSROWWRWXUYH 3DODWXUYH 3ROWWRKDNH 3XXSHOOHWWL Hard coal Natural gas Milled peat Sod peat Fuel chips Birch firewood 5DQQLNROOD 6LVlPDDVVD .l\WW|SDLNDOOD 6XROOD .l\WW|SDLNDOOD .l\WW| .l\WW| At coast Inland Delivered At production site Delivered SDLNDOOD SDLNDOOD 9DOPLVWH 9DOPLVWH 9DOPLVWH 9DOPLVWH 9DOPLVWH Delivered Delivered YHURWRQ YHUROOLQHQ YHUROOLQHQ YHURWRQ YHUROOLQHQ Tax-free With fuel With fuel tax Tax-free With fuel tax tax ¼W ¼0:K ¼W ¼0:K ¼P ƒ& ¼0:K ¼0:K ¼0:K ¼0:K ¼0:K ¼0:K ¼0:K ¼W        «««              «««              «««              «««              «««              «««              «««              «««              «««              «««              «««              «««              «««        ±   ±   «««        ±   ±   «««       ±   ±   «««       ±   ±   «««       ±   ±  

+LQQDWVLVlOWlYlWPXXWYHURWSDLWVL$/9QDONDHQVlKN|Q The prices include other taxes except VAT. From 1 January 1997, taxation HQHUJLDOlKWHLGHQYHURWWDPLVHVWDOXRYXWWLLQMDVLLUU\WWLLQORSSXWXRWWHHQHOL of energy sources of electricity was abandonned and taxation of the VlKN|QYHURWWDPLVHHQ end product, i.e. electricity was taken into use.

± +LQWDSHUXVWXXDMDQNRKGDQNHVNLPllUlLVHHQWXRQWLKLQWDDQMRKRQRQ 1–4: The price is based on the average import price at each moment plus OLVlWW\MXONLVHWYHURWMDPDNVXWVHNlNlVLWWHO\VWlMDNXOMHWXNVHVWDDLKHXWXYDW the public taxes and charges and charges payable and the cost of NXVWDQQXNVHW5DQQLNRQKLQWDKLLOLSXUHWWXQDNHQWlOOHNXOXWWDMDQRPDVVD the handling and transport of the products. At coast price: unloaded VDWDPDVVD6LVlPDDQKLQWDYlOLYDUDVWRLQWLNDXSSDVDWDPDVVDDXWR on wharf in consumer's own harbour. 'Inland' price: intermediate NXOMHWXV NP NXOXWWDMDOOHMRQNDYXRWXLQHQKLLOHQNl\WW|W storage in commercial harbour, road transport (100 km) to consumer ± 9XRWHHQDVWLPDDNDDVXQVRSLPXVP\\QQLQYHUROOLQHQNHVNLKLQWD with annual consumption of 40,000 tons. 9XRGHVWDOlKWLHQNXOXWWDMDW\\SSL7 *:KDNWVWDXOXNNR 5–6: Until 12/2000, average contract price. Since 3/2001, type of VDUDNH +LQQDWVLVlOWlYlWYDOPLVWHYHURQMDKXROWRYDUPXXVPDNVXQ consumer T8 (1,000 GWh/a), see table 12.5, column 8. The prices ± 7XUSHHQKLQQDWRYDWLOPRLWXVNDXGHQWRLPLWXNVLOODSDLQRWHWWXMDHUlLGHQ include the excise tax and a precautionary stock fee. 7XUYHWHROOLVXXVOLLWRQMlVHQ\ULW\VWHQLOPRLWWDPLDODVNHQQDOOLVLDNHVNLKLQWRMD 7–11The prices of peat are calculated averages provided by certain MRWNDYDLKWHOHYDWHULNXOXWWDMLOODNXOMHWXVPDWNDQMDWDLVRSLPXNVHQSHUXVWHHOOD members companies of the Association of Peat Industries. The 7XUSHHQKLQWDNl\WW|SDLNDOODVLVlOWllM\UVLQWXUSHHOODNPMDSDODWXUSHHOOD averages – weighted by the deliveries effected during the contract NPNXOMHWXVPDWNDQ7XUSHHQYDOPLVWHYHUROOLVHWKLQWDVDUMDWVLVlOWlYlW period – vary between different consumers depending on the trans- YDOPLVWHYHURQYXRGHQSXROLYlOLLQDVWL port distance and/or contract. The price of peat delivered to the  3ROWWRKDNHWRLPLWHWWXQDNl\WW|SDLNDOOHHLNXOMHWXVHWlLV\\VPllULW\VWl end-user includes for milled peat vs. sod peat a transport distance +LQQDWHLYlWROHYDOWDNXQQDOOLVHVWLHGXVWDYLD

/lKWHHW 7XOOLKDOOLWXV8ONRPDDQNDXSSDWLODVWR*DVXP2\7XUYHWHROOLVXXV Sources: Board of Customs /Foreign Trade Statistics, Gasum Oy, Association OLLWWRU\9DSR2\%LRZDWWL2\MD977 of Finnish Peat Industries, Vapo Oy, Biowatti Oy and VTT

Tilastokeskus 111  0DDNDDVXQYHURWRQNRNRQDLVKLQWD Total price of natural gas exempt from taxes

.XOXWXV*:KD     Consumption, GWh/a .l\WW|DLNDKD         Operation time, h/a 7HKR0:         Capacity, MW ¼0:K                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

6LVlOWllPDDNDDVXHQHUJLDQKLQQDQMDPDDNDDVXQVLLUWRKLQQDQ Includes price of natural gas energy and transmission price of natural g 3XXWWXYLHQYXRVLHQWLHGRWO|\W\YlW(QHUJLD&'OWl Data for the missing years on the EnergyCD.

0DDNDDVXQVLLUWRKLQQDW¼0:K Transmission prices of natural gas, €/MWh ±««         ±««         ±««         ±««         ±««         ±««         ±««         ±«««««««        

6LLUWRKLQQDWRYDWYHURWWRPLDYXRQQD*DVXP2\Q Transmission prices are exempt from taxes, in 2001 in accordance 0WDULIILQMDDONDHQ0WDULIILQPXNDLVLD with the Gasum Oy's M2001 tariff and from 1 January 2002 with the M2002 tariff. 7LHWRMDVDDWDYLOODZZZHQHUJLDPDUNNLQDYLUDVWRIL Data available from www.energiamarkkinavirasto.fi

/lKGH (QHUJLDPDUNNLQDYLUDVWR Source: The Energy Market Authority

112 Tilastokeskus 13.6 Sähkön hinta Electricity price  6lKN|QNRNRQDLVKLQWDNXOXWWDMDW\\SHLWWlLQ 7RWDOSULFHRIHOHFWULFLW\E\W\SHFRQVXPHU

.HUURVWDOR 3LHQWDOR 0DDWLODWDORXV 7HROOLVXXV $SDUWPHQW 'HWDFKHGKRXVH $JULFXOWXUH ,QGXVWU\ EXLOGLQJ 6lKN|OlPPLW\V 3HOWRYLOMHO\ .DUMDWDORXV (OHFWULFKHDWLQJ &XOWLYDWLRQ $QLPDO (L 6XRUD 9DUDDYD KXVEDQGU\ 1R 'LUHFW $FFXPXODWLQJ .XOXWXV0:KD ±      ± ± ± &RQVXPSWLRQ0:KD  FN:K      ««««««           ««««««           ««««««           ««««««           ««««««           ««««««           ««««««           ««««««           ««««««           ««««««           ««««««           ««««««           ««««««           ««««««           ««««««           ««««««           ««««««           ««««««           ««««««           «««««           ««««««           ««««««           ««««««           ««««««           ««««««           ««««««           ««««««           ««««««           «««««           ««««««           ««««««           «««««          

6lKN|QNRNRQDLVKLQWDPXRGRVWXXVlKN|HQHUJLDQKLQQDVWD 7KHWRWDOSULFHRIHOHFWULFLW\LVFRPSRVHGRIWKHSULFHRIHOHFWULFDOHQHUJ\ WDXOXNNR MDVlKN|QVLLUWRKLQQDVWD WDXOXNNR  WDEOH DQGWKHSULFHRIWUDQVPLVVLRQRIHOHFWULFDOHQHUJ\ WDEOH 

+LQQDWVLVlOWlYlWOLLNHYDLKWRYHURQMRNDPXXWWXLDUYRQOLVl 7KHSULFHVLQFOXGHDWXUQRYHUWD[UHSODFHGE\YDOXHDGGHGWD[DVIURP-XQH YHURNVLVHNlPXXWYHURW/XYXWSHUXVWXYDWVlKN|\KWL|LGHQMXONLVLLQ DQGRWKHUWD[HV7KHILJXUHVDUHEDVHGRQSXEOLFSULFHOLVWVRIHOHFWULFLW\ KLQQDVWRLKLQMDRYDWNRNRPDDQSDLQRWHWWXMDNHVNLDUYRMD FRPSDQLHVDQGWKH\DUHZHLJKWHGDYHUDJHVIRUWKHZKROHFRXQWU\

Tilastokeskus 113  -DWN±&RQW .HUURVWDOR 3LHQWDOR 0DDWLODWDORXV 7HROOLVXXV $SDUWPHQW 'HWDFKHGKRXVH $JULFXOWXUH ,QGXVWU\ EXLOGLQJ 6lKN|OlPPLW\V 3HOWRYLOMHO\ .DUMDWDORXV (OHFWULFKHDWLQJ &XOWLYDWLRQ $QLPDO (L 6XRUD 9DUDDYD KXVEDQGU\ 1R 'LUHFW $FFXPXODWLQJ .XOXWXV0:KD ±      ± ± ± &RQVXPSWLRQ0:KD  FN:K      ««««««           ««««««           «««««           ««««««           ««««««           «««««           ««««««           ««««««           «««««           ««««««           ««««««           «««««           ««««««           ««««««           «««««           ««««««           ««««««           «««««           ««««««           ««««««           «««««           ««««««           ««««««           «««««           ««««««           ««««««           «««««           ««««««           ««««««           «««««            ««««««           ««««««           ««««««           ««««««           ««««««           ««««««           ««««««           ««««««           ««««««           «««««            «««««           

3XXWWXYLHQNXXNDXVLHQWLHGRWO|\W\YlW(QHUJLD&'OWl 'DWDIRUWKHPLVVLQJPRQWKVRQWKH(QHUJ\&' 7LHWRMDVDDWDYLOOD ZZZHQHUJLDPDUNNLQDYLUDVWRIL 'DWDDYDLODEOHIURP ZZZHQHUJLDPDUNNLQDYLUDVWRIL /lKWHHW 7\\SSLNXOXWWDMLHQ ± NHVNLKLQQDWDVLDNNDLOOHRQSDLQRWHWWX 6RXUFHV )RUHDFKW\SHRIFRQVXPHU ± WKHPHDQSULFHVKDYHEHHQ VlKN|ODLWRVWHQNR\OHLVLPPLQVRYHOWDPLHQWDULIILHQVlKN|Q ZHLJKWHGE\WKHDPRXQWVRIHOHFWULFLW\VROGE\WKHSRZHU P\\QWLPllULOOl DVWL6lKN|HQHUJLDOLLWWRU\ SURGXFHUVDFFRUGLQJWRWKHWDULIIVDSSOLHGPRVWFRPPRQO\ 8QWLO DONDHQ6lKN|PDUNNLQDNHVNXVDONDHQ(QHUJLDPDUNNLQDYLUDVWR  $SULO)LQQLVK(OHFWULFLW\$VVRFLDWLRQVLQFH6HSWHPEHU 6XXUWHROOLVXXGHQ  WXNNXWDULIILQPXNDLQHQNHVNLKLQWDNRW\\SSL 7KH(OHFWULFLW\0DUNHW$XWKRULW\VLQFH$XJXVW7KH NXOXWWDMDOOH ,PDWUDQ9RLPD2\  (QHUJ\0DUNHW$XWKRULW\ 7KHSULFHIRUODUJHVFDOHLQGXVWU\   LVZKROHVDOHWDULII VPHDQSULFHIRUFRQVXPHULQTXHVWLRQ ,PDWUDQ9RLPD2\ 

114 Tilastokeskus  6lKN|HQHUJLDQKLQWD Prices of electrical energy

.HUURVWDOR 3LHQWDOR 0DDWLODWDORXV 7HROOLVXXV Apartment Detached house Agriculture Industry house 6lKN|OlPPLW\V 3HOWRYLOMHO\ .DUMDWDORXV Electric heating Cultivation Animal (L 6XRUD 9DUDDYD husbandry No Direct Accumulating .XOXWXV0:KD     ± ± ± ± ± Consumption, MWh/a FN:K     «««««            «««««            «««««            «««««            «««««            «««««            «««««            «««««            «««««            «««««            «««««            «««««                                                                                                                                                             «««««             «««««             «««««            «««««             «««««             «««««            «««««             «««««             «««««             «««««             «««««             «««««             «««««             «««««             «««««             «««««           

$UYRQOLVlYHURVLVlOW\\KLQWRLKLQ HLWHROOLVXXV 6lKN|HQHUJLDQKLQWDDQVLVlOW\\ The value added tax is included in the prices (excl. industry). Until 31 DVWL\GLQMDYHVLYRLPDOODWXRWHWXQVHNlPDDKDQWXRGXQVlKN|Q December 1996, the price of electrical energy contains the excise duty YDOPLVWHYHURDONDHQVlKN|YHURMDKXROWRYDUPXXVPDNVXHLYlWVLVlOO\ of electricity generated with nuclear and hydro power and the excise OXNXLKLQ7HROOLVXXGHQKLQQDWRYDWP\\QWLPllULOOlSDLQRWHWWXMDNHVNLKLQWRMD duty of imported electricity. From 1 January 1997, the electricity tax +LQQDWSHUXVWXYDW7XRWWDMDKLQWDLQGHNVLHQVlKN|HQHUJLDQKLQWDN\VHO\\Q and strategic stockpile fee are not included in the figures. Prices for +LQQDWVLVlOWlYlWVlKN|HQHUJLDQKLQQDQMDSHUXVPDNVXQPXWWDHLYlW industry are average prices weighted with sales volumes. The prices YHURMDMDVLLUWRKLQWRMD are based on the price inquiry on electric energy included in the producer price indices. They include the price of electric energy and 7LHWRMDVDDWDYLOOD: ZZZHQHUJLDPDUNNLQDYLUDVWRIL the basic charge but not taxes or prices of transmission. 3XXWWXYLHQNXXNDXVLHQWLHGRWO|\W\YlW(QHUJLD&'OWl Data for the missing months on the EnergyCD. Data available from: www.energiamarkkinavirasto.fi

/lKWHHW NVWDXOXNNR7LODVWRNHVNXV+LQQDWMDSDONDW Sources: See table 13.6.1, Statistics Finland/Prices and wages

Tilastokeskus 115  6lKN|QVLLUWRKLQWD Prices of transmission of electricity

.HUURVWDOR 3LHQWDOR 0DDWLODWDORXV 7HROOLVXXV Apartment Detached house Agriculture Industry house 6lKN|OlPPLW\V 3HOWRYLOMHO\ .DUMDWDORXV N: N: 0: Electric heating Cultivation Animal (L 6XRUD 9DUDDYD husbandry No Direct Accumulating .XOXWXV0:KD         Consumption, MWh/a FN:K    ««««««««          ««««««««          ««««««««          ««««««««          ««««««««          ««««««««          ««««««««          ««««««««          ««««««««          ««««««««          ««««««««          ««««««««          ««««««««          ««««««««          ««««««««          ««««««««          ««««««««          ««««««««          ««««««««          ««««««««          ««««««««          ««««««««          ««««««««          ««««««««          ««««««««          ««««««««          ««««««««          ««««««««          ««««««««          ««««««««          ««««««««          ««««««««          ««««««««          ««««««««          ««««««««          ««««««««          0LQLPL Minimum 1 Nov. 2011          0DNVLPL Maximum 1 Nov. 2011          6lKN|QVLLUURQNHVNLKLQWRLKLQVLVlOW\YlVlKN|YHURMDKXROWRYDUPXXVPDNVXFN:K Electricity tax and precautionary stock fee on prices of transmission of electricity, c/kWh ±«««          ±««          ±«««          ±««          ±««          ±««          ±««          ±«««««««         

3XXWWXYLHQNXXNDXVLHQWLHGRWO|\W\YlW(QHUJLD&'OWl Data for the missing months on the EnergyCD. 7LHWRMDVDDWDYLOOD ZZZHQHUJLDPDUNNLQDYLUDVWRIL Data available fr www.energiamarkkinavirasto.fi /lKGH (QHUJLDPDUNNLQDYLUDVWRDVWL6lKN|PDUNNLQDNHVNXV Source: The Energy Market Authority, up till 1 July 2000 The Electricity Market Authority

116 Tilastokeskus  3RKMRLVPDLVHQVlKN|S|UVVLQVSRWKLQWRMDKLQWDDOXHLWWDLQ Spot prices of the nordic power exchange, NordPool by price area

.XXNDXVL 2VOR 7XNKROPD +HOVLQNL 2GHQVH .||SHQKDPLQD 9LUR 6\VWHHPL 9RO\\PL Month Stockholm Helsinki Copenhagen Estonia System 1) Volyme 2) ¼0:K ¼0:K ¼0:K ¼0:K ¼0:K ¼0:K *:K  «««««««««««    ± ± ±   «««««««««««    ± ± ±   «««««««««««     ± ±   «««««««««««      ±   «««««««««««      ±   «««««««««««      ±   «««««««««««      ±   «««««««««««      ±   «««««««««««      ±   «««««««««««      ±   «««««««««««      ±   «««««««««««      ±   «««««««««««          «««««««««      ±   «««««««««      ±   «««««««««      ±   «««««««««      ±   «««««««««      ±   «««««««««      ±   «««««««««      ±   «««««««««      ±   «««««««««      ±   ««««««««      ±   ««««««««      ±   ««««««««      ±    «««««««««       ±   «««««««««       ±   «««««««««       ±   «««««««««          «««««««««          «««««««««         «««««««««         «««««««««         «««««««««         ««««««««          ««««««««          ««««««««           «««««««««         «««««««««         «««««««««         «««««««««         «««««««««         «««««««««         «««««««««         «««««««««         «««««««««         ««««««««          ««««««««          ««««««««         

5DKD\NVLNN|QlRQHFXYXRGHQORSSXXQDVWLMDHXURYXRGHQ The monetary unit is ecu until the end of 1998 and euro from the start DOXVWDOlKWLHQ of 1999.  6\VWHHPLKLQWDRQVlKN|S|UVVLQNDLNNLHQRVWRMDP\\QWLWDUMRXVWHQ 1) The system price is the price calculated on the basis of all bids and offers SHUXVWHHOODODVNHWWXKLQWDMRVVDHLKXRPLRLGDPDKGROOLVLD at the Power Exchange, in which possible restrictions caused by the VlKN|QVLLUWRNDSDVLWHHWLQDLKHXWWDPLDUDMRLWXNVLD electricity transmission capacity are not taken into account.  3RKMRLVPDLVVDNl\G\QHOVSRWNDXSDQYRO\\PL 2) Volume of elspot trading in the Nordic countries. 9HVLYDUDVWRW3RKMRLVPDLVVDRYDW(QHUJLD&'OOlWDXOXNRVVD Reservoir content in Nordic Countries on the EnergyCD in table 16.12. 3XXWWXYLHQNXXNDXVLHQWLHGRWO|\W\YlW(QHUJLD&'OWl Data for the missing months on the EnergyCD. 7LHWRMDVDDWDYLOODZZZQRUGSRROFRP Data available from: www.nordpool.com /lKWHHW 1RUGHOMD1RUG3RRO Sources: Nordel and NordPool

Tilastokeskus 117  .DXNROlPP|QKLQWDNXOXWWDMDW\\SHLWWlLQ Price of district heating by type of consumer

.XOXWWDMDW\\SSL±Type of consumer 9XRWXLQHQNHVNLPllUlLQHQ 3LHQWDOR 5LYLWDOR 3LHQNHUURVWDOR .HUURVWDOR 6XXULNHUURVWDOR P\\QWLKLQWD Detached house Semidetached Apartment Apartment building Apartment building, large Annual average sales price house building, small ¼0:K    «««««««       «««««««       «««««««       «««««««       «««««««       «««««««       «««««««       «««««««       «««««««       «««««««       «««««««       «««««««       «««««««       «««««««       «««««««      «««««««       «««««««      «««««««       «««««««      «««««««       «««««««      «««««««       «««««««      «««««««       «««««««      «««««««       «««««««      «««««««       «««««««     

7LHGRWNXYDDYDWNRNRQDLVKLQWDDMRNDVLVlOWllHQHUJLDSHUXVMDPXXW The above price data represent overall prices, including the various charges PDKGROOLVHWPDNVXW collected ('energy' charge, 'basic' charge etc.). +LQQDWRYDW(QHUJLDWHROOLVXXVU\Q.DXNROlPS|MlVHQODLWRVWHQNXOXWWDMLHQ The prices are averages for each type of consumer, weighted by the number OXNXPllUlOOlSDLQRWHWWXMDNHVNLKLQWRMDNRNXOXWWDMDW\\SHLOOH of consumers served by the plants members of the Finnish Energy Industries /District Heating. 3XXWWXYLHQYXRVLHQWLHGRWO|\W\YlW(QHUJLD&'OWl Data for the missing years on the EnergyCD. 5DNHQQXVWLODYXXV 9XRVLHQHUJLD Building volume Annual consumption of energy P 0:KD  7\\SSLNXOXWWDMDW±Type of consumer from 1 Jan. 1989 to 31 Dec. 2010 3LHQWDOR±Detached house………………………………………………………………………………………   5LYLWDOR±Semidetached house…………………………………………………………………………………   3LHQNHUURVWDOR± Apartment building, small……………………………………………………………………   .HUURVWDOR±Apartment building…………………………………………………………………………………   6XXULNHUURVWDOR±Apartment building, large……………………………………………………………………   7\\SSLNXOXWWDMDWOlKWLHQ±Type of consumer since 1 Jan. 2011 3LHQWDOR±Detached house………………………………………………………………………………………   5LYLWDORSLHQNHUURVWDOR±Semidetached house/apartment building, small…………………………………   .HUURVWDOR±Apartment building…………………………………………………………………………………  

/lKGH (QHUJLDWHROOLVXXVU\.DXNROlPS| DLN6XRPHQ.DXNROlPS|U\  Source: Finnish Energy Industries /District Heating (formerly Finnish District Heating Association)

118 Tilastokeskus  (QHUJLDVRSLPXNVLVVDVRYHOOHWWDYLDLQGHNVHMl Indices applied in energy contracts

9XRVL .XXNDXVL 7+, 7 ( ( 3 K 53+, 325 Year Month NXXNDXWWD     months FNJ        ««««««      ± ± ± ±  ««««««      ± ± ± ±  ««««««      ± ± ± ±  ««««««      ± ± ± ±  ««««««      ± ± ± ±  ««««««      ± ± ± ±  ««««««      ± ± ± ±  ««««««      ± ± ± ±  ««««««      ± ± ± ±  ««««««      ± ± ± ±  ««««««      ± ± ± ±  ««««««      ± ± ± ±  ««««««      ± ± ± ±  ««««««      ± ± ± ±  ««««««      ± ± ± ±   «««««           «««««          «««««          «««««           «««««          «««««          «««««           «««««          «««««          ««««          ««««         

 9HURWRQ 1) Without taxes 7+, 7XNNXKLQWDLQGHNVLQ NRNRQDLVLQGHNVL 7+, Total index of wholesale index 1949 = 100 7 7XNNXKLQWDLQGHNVLQ DODLQGHNVLNRQHHW 7 Subindex 7 of wholesale index 1949 = 100: machinery ODLWWHHWMDNXOMHWXVYlOLQHHW and transport equipment ( .RWLPDUNNLQRLGHQSHUXVKLQWDLQGHNVLQ  ( Subindex E40 of basic price index for DODLQGHNVL(VlKN|NDDVXMDOlPS| domestic supply 2000=100: electicity, gas and heat ( (OLQNXVWDQQXVLQGHNVLORNDNXX  ( Cost–of–living index October 1951 = 100 3 3DONDQVDDMLHQDQVLRWDVRLQGHNVL  3 Index of wage and salary earnings 1964 = 100 (calculates quaterly) ODVNHWDDQQHOMlQQHVYXRVLWWDLQ K KKLQWDWHNLMlQQQMDQNXXNDXGHQPllULOOlSDLQRWHWXWNHVNLDUYRW K Weighted averages of 3, 6 and 12 months values of the price factor h 53+, 5DVNDDQSROWWR|OM\QKLQWDLQGHNVL53+,YlKlULNNLVHOOHUDVNDDOOH 53+, Price index for heavy fuel oil RPHI for sulphur–free heavy SROWWR|OM\OOHNRNR6XRPHVVDODVNHWWXQD9HUROOLQHQKLQWD fuel oil calculated for whole Finland. All taxes included. 6\\VNXXQ53+,  September 1988 = 100. 325 9lKlULNNLVHQUDVNDDQSROWWR|OM\QYHUROOLQHQNHVNLKLQWDSLHQLOOlMDNHVNL 325 Price with taxes of sulphur-free heavy fuel oil to small-scale VXXULOODDVLDNNDLOODNRNXXNDXGHQDLNDQDODVNHWWXMHQWRLPLWXVWHQRVDOWD and medium-scale customers in the month in question. 3XXWWXYLHQNXXNDXVLHQWLHGRWO|\W\YlW(QHUJLD&'OWl Data for the missing months on the EnergyCD.

/lKWHHW 7LODVWRNHVNXV+LQQDWMDSDONDW(QHUJLDIRRUXPLMD Sources: Statistics Finland /Prices and wages, Energy Forum of Finland and gOM\DODQ.HVNXVOLLWWRU\ Finnish Petroleum Federation

Tilastokeskus 119 14 Energiaverot Energy taxes  (QHUJLDYHURMHQMDYHUROXRQWHLVWHQPDNVXMHQNHUW\PlW Revenues of energy taxes and some fiscal charges and fees

9DOPLVWHYHUR $UYRQOLVlYHUR +XROWRYDUPXXVPDNVX gOM\VXRMDPDNVX 2) 3) Excise tax Value added tax Strategic stockpile fee Compensation fee for oil 1HVWHPlLVHW 0XXW 3ROWWRDLQHHW 6lKN| pollution damages SROWWRDLQHHW SROWWRDLQHHW \KWHHQVl Electricity 1) Liquid fuels Other fuels Fuels total PLOM¼±€ mil.       «««««««    ±    «««««««    ± ±   «««««««     ±   «««««««     ±   «««««««     ±   «««««««      ±   «««««««     ±   «««««««        «««««««    ±    «««««««    ±    «««««««    ±    «««««««        «««««««        «««««««        «««««««        «««««««        «««««««        «««««««        «««««««        «««««««        «««««««        «««««««        «««««««        «««««««        «««««««        «««««««        «««««««        «««««««        «««««««       

9XRGHQDOXVVDNLLQWHlWSROWWRDLQHHWWXOLYDWOLLNHYDLKWRYHURQSLLULLQ At the beginning of 1985 solid fuels came into the sphere of turnover tax. NDLNNLHQHUJLDPXRGRWWXOLYDWOLLNHYDLKWRYHURQSLLULLQ/LLNHYDLKWR On 1 August 1986 all forms of energy became subject to turnover tax. YHURNHUW\PlWRYDWODVNHQQDOOLVLDMDSHUXVWXYDWHQHUJLDOlKWHLGHQNl\WW| Figures of revenues of energy taxes are calculated on the basis of the PllULLQ7DXOXNRVVDHLROHHVLWHWW\NHUW\PLlOLLNHQQHPDNVXVWDMRWDNDX consumed amounts of each energy source. The table does not show the SXQJLWSHULYlWRVDNRUYDXNVHQDRPLVWDPLHQVDVDWDPLHQMDODLWWHLGHQ revenue of the traffic fees collected by towns as a compensation for the Nl\W|VWl use of harbours and equipment owned by them.  DONDHQVlKN|QHQHUJLDOlKWHLGHQYHURWWDPLVHVWD 1) From 1 January 1997, taxation of energy sources of electricity was OXRYXWWLLQMDVLLUU\WWLLQORSSXWXRWWHHQHOLVlKN|QYHURWWDPLVHHQ abandonned and taxation of the end product, i.e. electricity was taken into use.  3HUXVWXXHQHUJLDWXRWWHLGHQDUYRQOLVlSRKMDDQ 2) Based on the value added tax basis of energy products. 9XRWHHQDVWLROLOLLNHYDLKWRYHUR Until 1994, turnover tax.  9XRWHHQDVWLROLQLPHQl YDUPXXVYDUDVWRLQWLPDNVX  3) Until 1994 called 'Precautionary stocks fee'.  1HWWRNHUW\PlHLVLVlOOlUXQVDDVWLVlKN|lNl\WWlQHLOOH 4) Net revenues do not include tax share returned to the companies, \ULW\NVLOOHSDODXWHWWXDYHURRVXXWWD which are large-scale electricity consumers. 3XXWWXYLHQYXRVLHQWLHGRWO|\W\YlW(QHUJLD&'OWl Data for the missing years on the EnergyCD. /lKWHHW 7XOOLKDOOLWXV7LODVWRNHVNXVW\|MDHOLQNHLQRPLQLVWHUL| Sources: Board of Customs, Statistics Finland, Ministry of Employment and VHNlYDOWLRYDUDLQPLQLVWHUL| the Economy and Ministry of Finance

120 Tilastokeskus 14.2 Valmiste- ja arvonlisäverot sekä veroluonteiset maksut eri energialähteiden kuluttajahinnoissa Excise taxes, value added taxes and fiscal charges and fees included in consumer prices of some energy sources

Moottoribensiini, Dieselöljy Kevyt polttoöljy1)Raskas Kivihiili Maakaasu3) Kotitaloussähkö Kaukolämpö lyijytön 95 okt. Diesel fuel Light fuel oil 1) polttoöljy2) Hard coal Natural gas 3) Household District heat 2) Motor gasoline, Heavy fuel oil electricity unleaded 95 oct. c/l % c/l % c/l % c/kg % €/t % p/m3 % c/kWh % €/MWh % 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 31.12.1991………… 39,7 60,5 27,5 51,8 4,6 21,6 3,1 23,4 12,8 23,1 1,9 19,9 1,5 18,0 4,3 18,0 31.12.1992………… 45,4 66,7 27,2 52,9 5,3 21,1 3,1 23,3 12,3 23,5 2,0 19,8 1,5 18,0 4,5 18,0 31.12.1993………… 54,4 74,0 29,0 55,6 6,6 24,9 4,3 27,6 15,5 28,3 2,3 21,3 1,9 21,1 4,7 18,0 31.12.1994………… 54,5 71,7 40,3 67,3 6,6 28,8 5,6 30,9 24,1 33,9 3,2 27,6 1,6 18,0 4,8 18,0 31.12.1995………… 60,4 75,2 38,8 64,5 7,8 32,3 6,9 36,4 33,9 47,4 3,2 25,4 1,7 18,0 5,1 18,0 31.12.1996………… 69,7 73,7 39,9 59,9 8,8 29,7 7,4 33,9 33,7 47,9 3,5 24,7 1,8 18,0 5,3 18,0 31.12.1997………… 69,3 74,6 39,6 61,0 10,4 36,7 7,7 38,0 46,3 50,1 4,0 26,6 2,4 23,7 5,3 18,0 31.12.1998………… 71,6 82,5 41,7 66,4 10,9 47,6 8,8 52,0 59,9 62,3 4,4 30,8 2,5 25,2 5,5 18,0 31.12.1999………… 75,4 69,7 44,6 56,6 13,2 36,9 10,4 40,2 59,8 62,5 4,6 30,0 2,4 25,4 5,6 18,0 31.12.2000………… 74,8 71,3 46,6 51,9 15,3 32,3 11,6 35,6 62,3 56,9 5,4 27,1 2,4 25,4 6,0 18,0 31.12.2001………… 73,7 74,9 44,4 57,2 12,6 39,0 10,2 41,0 63,0 55,5 5,3 27,5 2,5 25,0 6,2 18,0 31.12.2002………… 74,6 72,0 44,7 56,4 13,8 35,5 11,0 37,7 61,3 58,9 5,3 27,5 2,6 24,8 6,4 18,0 31.12.2003………… 77,5 74,7 46,0 59,2 13,8 37,2 10,8 40,6 63,9 59,9 5,3 28,0 2,9 24,4 6,4 18,0 31.3.2004………… 78,7 71,2 46,4 58,0 14,2 36,0 10,9 40,2 64,6 58,6 5,2 28,3 2,9 24,3 6,4 18,0 30.6.2004………… 79,3 69,8 46,4 58,1 14,8 34,6 11,4 38,1 66,8 54,6 5,3 28,2 2,8 24,5 6,5 18,0 30.9.2004………… 79,8 68,5 47,8 54,4 15,8 32,7 11,3 37,7 67,0 54,2 5,4 27,9 2,8 24,5 6,5 18,0 31.12.2004………… 78,8 70,9 48,4 53,1 15,2 33,8 11,0 36,9 66,8 54,5 5,4 27,7 2,8 24,5 6,8 18,0 31.3.2005………… 79,1 70,2 48,8 52,3 16,9 31,1 12,1 35,8 66,0 55,8 5,5 27,7 2,8 24,5 6,9 18,0 30.6.2005………… 80,5 66,8 49,5 51,0 18,1 29,7 12,9 33,7 65,3 57,2 5,6 27,2 2,8 24,6 6,9 18,0 30.9.2005………… 83,2 61,6 50,8 48,7 19,0 28,8 14,2 31,2 65,4 57,0 5,9 26,6 2,8 24,5 6,9 18,0 31.12.2005………… 81,0 65,8 50,2 49,7 18,1 29,7 13,8 31,9 65,6 56,6 6,2 26,1 2,8 24,4 7,3 18,0 31.3.2006………… 81,2 65,3 50,3 49,5 18,6 29,2 14,2 31,3 65,5 56,8 6,9 24,9 2,9 24,3 7,3 18,0 30.6.2006………… 82,8 62,1 50,6 49,1 19,3 28,5 14,0 31,6 65,1 57,4 6,9 24,9 2,9 24,3 7,5 18,0 30.9.2006………… 81,6 64,6 50,3 49,5 18,3 29,4 13,3 32,9 66,3 55,4 6,9 24,9 3,0 24,1 7,5 18,0 31.12.2006………… 80,7 66,4 50,0 50,0 17,6 30,2 12,8 34,0 66,8 54,4 6,9 24,9 3,0 24,0 7,7 18,0 31.3.2007………… 81,6 64,6 49,8 50,4 17,6 30,3 12,9 33,8 66,1 55,7 6,7 25,2 3,0 24,0 7,7 18,0 30.6.2007………… 83,2 61,5 50,0 50,1 18,4 29,4 13,9 31,8 65,8 56,2 6,7 25,2 3,0 24,0 7,7 18,0 30.9.2007………… 82,5 62,8 50,3 49,5 19,2 28,6 14,2 31,3 66,3 55,3 6,9 24,9 3,0 24,0 7,7 18,0 31.12.2007………… 82,7 62,4 52,4 46,3 20,1 27,9 15,6 29,4 68,7 51,6 7,3 24,5 3,0 23,9 8,2 18,0 31.3.2008………… 88,3 62,2 59,1 47,0 24,0 28,4 16,5 30,6 78,6 50,5 7,9 24,5 3,3 24,7 8,2 18,0 30.6.2008………… 91,1 57,9 62,4 43,4 27,2 26,6 18,5 28,4 81,0 47,9 8,4 24,1 3,3 24,5 8,5 18,0 30.9.2008………… 89,8 59,9 60,5 45,4 24,7 27,9 17,9 29,0 83,9 45,3 9,1 23,4 3,4 24,4 8,5 18,0 31.12.2008………… 83,4 72,9 54,7 54,1 18,7 33,9 13,5 36,1 86,3 43,5 9,1 23,4 3,5 24,2 9,6 18,0 31.3.2009………… 84,3 70,5 53,2 57,2 18,2 34,8 13,3 36,7 78,0 51,1 8,3 24,1 3,6 23,9 9,6 18,0 30.6.2009………… 87,5 63,7 54,8 53,9 20,1 31,9 15,5 32,0 74,8 55,5 7,7 24,8 3,5 24,0 9,4 18,0 30.9.2009………… 86,5 65,6 54,4 54,6 19,8 32,3 15,8 31,5 73,6 57,4 8,0 24,5 3,6 24,0 9,4 18,0 31.12.2009………… 86,6 65,5 55,0 53,5 20,1 31,9 16,0 31,1 73,2 58,2 8,3 24,2 3,5 24,0 9,2 18,0 31.3.2010………… 88,5 62,2 56,7 50,8 22,2 30,0 16,9 30,4 75,2 54,9 8,4 24,1 3,6 23,9 9,2 18,0 30.6.2010………… 88,9 61,4 57,5 49,5 23,3 29,1 17,5 29,6 77,9 51,2 8,8 23,7 3,6 23,8 9,4 18,0 30.9.2010………… 89,7 62,4 58,1 50,3 23,6 29,9 17,8 30,4 79,6 51,1 9,5 24,0 3,8 24,3 9,8 18,7 31.12.2010………… 90,7 60,8 60,2 47,5 26,1 28,2 18,3 29,9 80,4 50,3 9,4 24,0 3,9 24,2 11,2 18,7 31.3.2011………… 92,0 58,9 62,4 45,1 36,6 33,5 .. .. 179,6 65,2 18,1 37,4 5,0 28,4 11,2 18,7 30.6.2011………… 92,4 58,4 62,3 45,2 36,1 33,9 .. .. 177,9 66,8 18,8 35,9 5,0 28,3 11,6 18,7 30.9.2011………… 92,4 58,3 62,2 45,3 36,2 33,8 .. .. 178,4 66,3 19,3 35,1 5,0 28,2 11,6 18,7

Polttonesteiden valmisteveroissa ei ole huomioitu biopolttoaineosuuksia. The shares of biofuels and bioliquids are not taken account for excise taxes of petroleum products. 1.6.1994 alkaen arvonlisävero korvasi liikevaihtoveron. Tällöin liikennepoltto- As of 1 June 1994, the turnover tax was replaced by the value added tax, aineet tulivat vähennyskelpoisiksi ALV-rekisteröidyille liikennöitsijöille. which has been deductible from the liquid fuel prices payable by VAT-registered transport operators. 1) 1.1.2011 lähtien rikitön kevyt polttoöljy 1) Since 1 January 2011 sulphur-free light fuel oil 2) 31.12.1992 saakka peruslaatu, 31.3.1993 lähtien rikitön raskas 2) Until 31 December 1992 normal quality, since 31 March 1993 almost sulphur polttoöljy. Vuodesta 2011 lähtien hintatietoja ei ole saatavilla. free heavy fuel oil. Since 2011 price data not available. 3) Perustuu vuodesta 2001 alkaen suurkuluttajatyyppiin 1 000 GWh/a, 3) From the beginning of 2001, based on the large-scale consumer type 6 000 h/a ja 167 MW (taulukko 12.5, sarake 8). Vuoteen 2000 saakka 1,000 GWh/a, 6,000 h/a and 167 MW (table 12.5, column 8). Until 2000, oli maakaasun sopimusmyynnin verollinen keskihinta. the average price subject to tax for contract sales of natural gas. Puuttuvien vuosien tiedot löytyvät EnergiaCD:ltä. Data for the missing years on the EnergyCD. Lähde: Tullihallitus Source: Board of Customs

Tilastokeskus 121 14.3 Valmisteverot Excise taxes

Polttoaineet1) Sähkö Fuels 1) Electricity Moottori- Dieselöljy3) Kevyt Raskas Kivihiili Maakaasu Turve5) Kulutus Tuotanto ja tuonti bensiini, Diesel fuel 3) polttoöljy4) polttoöljy Hard Natural Peat 5) Consumption Production and import lyijytön2) Light Heavy coal gas Sähkö, I6) Sähkö, II7) Ydinvoima Vesi- Tuonti Motor fuel oil 4) fuel oil Electricity, I 6) Electricity, II 7) Nuclear voima Import gasoline, power Hydro unleaded 2) power c/l c/l c/l c/kg €/t c/m3 (0 °C) €/MWh c/kWh c/kWh c/kWh c/kWh c/kWh 12 3456789 101112 1.1.1990…… 21,53 16,82 0,34 0,34 2,69 0,17 0,34 –– ––– 1.1.1991…… 26,57 17,49 0,35 0,35 2,83 0,18 0,35 –– ––– 1.1.1992…… 28,26 17,49 0,35 0,35 2,83 0,18 0,35 –– ––– 1.8.1992…… 31,62 17,49 0,35 0,35 2,83 0,18 0,35 –– ––– 1.1.1993…… 39,52 19,17 1,41 1,12 5,61 0,35 0,70 0,25 0,25 0,10 – 0,10 1.7.1993…… 39,52 16,65 1,41 1,12 5,61 0,35 0,70 0,25 0,25 0,10 – 0,10 1.1.1994…… 40,05 17,29 2,05 1,98 11,30 1,09 0,35 ––0,35 0,03 0,22 1.1.1995…… 45,12 27,50 3,02 3,12 19,53 0,94 0,59 ––0,40 0,07 0,37 1.1.1996…… 51,85 27,50 3,02 3,12 19,53 0,94 0,59 ––0,40 0,07 0,37 1.1.1997…… 51,85 27,50 4,88 3,72 28,42 1,19 0,71 0,40 0,40 ––– 1.4.1997…… 51,85 27,50 4,88 3,72 28,42 1,19 0,71 0,56 0,24 ––– 1.1.1998…… 55,22 30,02 5,50 4,34 33,40 1,40 0,82 0,56 0,34 ––– 1.9.1998…… 55,22 30,02 6,37 5,40 41,37 1,73 1,51 0,69 0,42 ––– 1.1.2003…… 58,08 31,59 6,71 5,68 43,52 1,82 1,59 0,73 0,44 ––– 1.7.2005…… 58,08 31,59 6,71 5,68 43,52 1,82 – 0,73 0,44 ––– 1.1.2007…… 58,08 31,59 6,71 5,68 43,52 1,82 – 0,73 0,22 ––– 1.1.2008…… 62,02 36,05 8,35 6,42 49,32 2,02 – 0,87 0,25 ––– 1.1.2011…… 62,02 36,05 15,70 18,51 126,91 8,94 1,90 1,69 0,69 ––– 1.1.2012…… 64,36 46,60 15,70 18,51 126,91 8,94 1,90 1,69 0,69 –––

1) Polttoaineet sähköntuotannossa verovapaita 1.1.1997 lähtien 1) Fuels in electricity production free from taxes since 1 January 1997 2) Reformuloitu 1.1.1993 lähtien 2) Reformulated since 1 January 1993 3) Rikitön 1.7.1993 lähtien 3) Sulphur free since 1 July 1993 4) Rikitön 1.1.2011 lähtien 4) Sulphur free since 1 January 2011 5) Turpeen verotuksessa helpotuksia 5) Tax relivies in peat taxation 6) Veroluokka I: muut 6) Tax class I: others 7) Veroluokka II: Teollisuus ja ammattimaiset kasvihuoneet 7) Tax class II: industry and professional green houses

122 Tilastokeskus 14.4 Eri energialähteiden kuluttajahintoihin sisältyneet veroluonteiset maksut Fiscal charges and fees included in consumer prices of some energy sources

Voimaantulo- Moottori- Dieselöljy1) Kevyt Raskas Kivihiili Koksi Maa- Turve Sähkö, I2) Sähkö, 3) päivä bensiini1) Diesel fuel 1) polttoöljy1) polttoöljy Hard Coke kaasu Peat Electricity, II Date of Motor Light Heavy coal Natural I2) Electricity, 1) 1) imposition gasoline fuel oil fuel oil gas II3) c/l c/l c/l c/kg €/t €/t c/nm3 €/MWh c/kWh c/kWh 1234567891011 4) Huoltovarmuusmaksu 1.1.1974…………0,210 0,126 0,059 0,034 –––––– Strategic stockpile fee 4) 1.4.1975…………0,572 0,378 0,219 0,177 –––– –– 15.6.1977……… –––––––– –– 1.1.1978…………0,269 –– – –––– –– 1.1.1979…………0,252 –– – –––– –– 1.1.1980…………0,336 –– – –––– –– 1.6.1980…………0,572 0,235 0,235 0,168 –––– –– 1.1.1982…………0,723 0,387 0,387 0,320 –––– –– 1.7.1984…………0,723 0,387 0,387 0,320 1,480 1,480 – – –– 1.1.1997…………0,673 0,353 0,353 0,286 1,177 1,177 0,084 – 0,013 0,013 5 Satamamaksu tavarasta 1.1.1974…………0,027 0,019 0,019 0,019 0,074 0,074 –– – – 5) Harbour fee for goods 1.5.1975…………0,020 0,020 0,020 0,020 0,151 0,084 – – –– 1.8.1977…………0,022 0,022 0,022 0,022 0,163 0,163 – – –– 1.3.1980…………0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,185 0,185 – – –– 1.7.1981…………0,034 0,039 0,039 0,045 0,278 0,278 – – –– 1.10.1983……… 0,039 0,044 0,045 0,054 0,530 0,530 – – –– 1.1.1986…………0,044 0,049 0,050 0,061 0,614 0,614 – – –– 1.1.1989 6) .. 0,037–0,057 0,042–0,064 0,044–0,066 0,050–0,077 0,505–0,774 0,505–0,774 – – –– 1.1.1991 6) .. 0,040–0,067 0,045–0,076 0,045–0,077 0,052–0,087 0,538–0,908 0,538–0,908 – – –– 1.1.1994 6) .. 0,042–0,074 0,049–0,084 0,049–0,084 0,057–0,099 0,572–0,992 0,572–0,992 – – –– 7) Öljysuojamaksu 1.1.1974…………0,002 0,002 0,002 0,002 –––––– Compensation fee for oil 1.1.1975…………0,002 0,002 0,002 0,003 –––– –– pollution damages 7) 1.6.1982…………0,003 0,003 0,003 0,003 –––––– 1.1.1984…………0,012 0,013 0,015 0,017 –––––– 1.1.1985…………0,025 0,029 0,029 0,034 –––––– 1.1.1990 8) …… 0,028 0,030 0,031 0,037 –––––– 1.1.1992 8) …… 0,028 0,031 0,031 0,037 –––––– 1.1.2003 8) …… 0,045 0,050 0,051 0,060 –––––– 1.1.2005 9) …… 0,038 0,042 0,042 0,050 –––––– 1.1.2010 9) …… 0,113 0,126 0,126 0,150 –––––– 10) Energiasisältövero 1.1.2011…………50,36 30,67 11) 7,70 8,79 54,54 54,54 3,00 –– – Energy content tax 10) 10) Hiilidioksidivero 1.1.2011…………11,66 5,38 11) 8,00 9,72 72,37 72,37 5,94 –– – Carbon dioxide tax 10) 10) Energiavero 1.1.2011………… –––––––1,90 1,69 0,69 Energy tax 10)

1) Vuoteen 1981 asti maksut laskettu nk. normaalilitraa kohti. 1) Up to 1981 these charges and fees relate to what is called a normal liter. 2) Veroluokka I: muut 2) Tax class I: others 3) Veroluokka II: Teollisuus ja ammattimaiset kasvihuoneet 3) Tax class II: industry and professional green houses 4) Vuoteen 1994 asti oli nimenä 'Varmuusvarastointimaksu'. 4) Till 1994 called 'Precautionary stocks fee'. 5) Maahan tuodusta tai Suomen kautta kuljetettavasta öljystä perittävä 5) A payment is to be levied on oil imported to Finland or transported through maksu, josta Suomen Satamaliitto ei ole antanut suosituksia vuoden Finland, on which the Finnish Port Association has not issued any 1994 jälkeen vaan jokainen satama päättää itse maksuista. recommendations since 1994 but each port decides on the payment independently. 6) Suomen Satamaliiton suositustaksa. 6) Recommended fee by Finnish Port Association. 7) Maahan tuodusta tai Suomen kautta kuljetettavasta öljystä 7) A payment is to be levied on oil imported to Finland or transported through perittävä maksu. Finland. 8) Maksu kaksinkertaistuu, jos aluksessa on yksinkertainen pohja. 8) Fee is doubled if the vessel has a single bottom. 9) Tuontiöljystä ja -öljytuotteista perittävä maksu: 1,50 euroa/tonni 9) Fee for imported oil and oil products: 1.50 euro/ton 10) Sisältyy valmisteveroon. 10) Included in excise taxes. 11) Energiasisältö- ja hiilidioksidivero tulevat dieselin osalta voimaan 2012. 11) Concerning diesel fuel, energy content tax and carbon dioxide tax take Nämä ovat nimeltään perus- ja lisävero. effect on 2012. These are called basic tax and extra tax.

Lähteet: Tullihallitus ja Suomen Satamaliitto Sources: Board of Customs and Finnish Port Association

Tilastokeskus 123 15 Julkinen rahoitus Public financing

 (QHUJLDLQYHVWRLQWLHQMXONLQHQUDKRLWXV Public finance for energy investments

                 PLOM¼±€ mil. $ 7\|MDHOLQNHLQRPLQLVWHUL| Ministry of Employment and the Economy                  $YXVWXNVHW±Grants  .RWLPDLVHQHQHUJLDQNl\WW| «««« ± ±                 (QHUJLDQVllVW|LQYMDMlWHOlPS|««« ± ± ± ±               8XGHWWXRWDQWRWHNQRORJLDW««««« ± ± ± ±            0DDVHXGXQVlKN|LVWlPLQHQ ««««       ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±  /lPS|NHVNXNVHW««««««««« ± ±     ± ± ±  ±   ± ±    /lPS|YHUNRVWR ««««««««« ± ±                 7XUYHVRLGHQWXRWDQWRNXQWR««««« ±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±  6lKN|\KWL|LGHQSDUDQQXVW\|W«««« ±±±±±±±±±±±±±  0DDNDDVXYHUNRVWRW«««««««« ±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±  /RSHWHWXWDYXVWXNVHW«««««««« ±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±± /DLQDW± Loans  /DLQDWMRLWDHLHQllP\|QQHWl«««« ±±±±±±±±±±±±±±± .RUNRWXNL±Interest Subsidy  (QHUJLDLQYHVWRLQQLW «««««««« ±±±±±±±± %

3HUXVWXXUDKRLWXVSllW|NVLLQHLPDNVDWXNVLLQ Based on financing decisions, not on actual payments. 9XRGHWVLVlOW\YlWNRKWDDQ $YXVWXVWXUSHHQMDPXLGHQNRWLPDLVWHQ The years are included under the category 'Grant for promoting HQHUJLDOlKWHLGHQNl\W|QHGLVWlPLVHHQ  $  the use of peat and other indigenous fuels' (A1).

3XXWWXYLHQYXRVLHQWLHGRWO|\W\YlW(QHUJLD&'OWl Data for the missing years on the EnergyCD.

/lKGH 5DKRLWWDMDW Source: Financiers

124 Tilastokeskus /\KHQWHLGHQVHOLW\NVHW Explanations

$ $YXVWXVWXUSHHQMDPXLGHQNRWLPDLVWHQHQHUJLDOlKWHLGHQNl\W|Q $Grant for promoting the use of peat and other indigenous  HGLVWlPLVHHQ fuels 1)  $YXVWXV\ULW\VWHQHQHUJLDQVllVW|LQYHVWRLQQHLOOHMDMlWHOlPP|Q  Grant enterprises for investments in energy conservation WDOWHHQRWRQLQYHVWRLQQHLOOH and recovery of waste heat  $YXVWXVXXGHOOHHQHUJLDQWXRWDQWRWHNQRORJLDOOH  Grant for new energy production technology  0DDVHXGXQVlKN|LVWlPLVDYXVWXV  Grant for rural electrification 2)  /lPS|NHVNXVDYXVWXV  Grant for heating stations  /lPS|YHUNRVWRDYXVWXV  Grant for heat distribution networks 3)  $YXVWXVWXUYHVRLGHQWXRWDQWRNXQWRRQVDDWWDPLVHHQ  Grant for preparing peat bogs into production condition  $YXVWXVVlKN|\KWL|LGHQXXGLVWXVMDSHUXVSDUDQQXVW|LKLQ  Grant for renewals and basic improvements effected by power companies  $YXVWXNVHWOLLWW\HQPDDNDDVXYHUNRVWRLKLQ  Grants relating to natural gas networks.  $YXVWXNVHWHQHUJLDSXXQKDQNLQWDDQMDNXQWLHQRPLVWDPLHQUDNHQQXVWHQ  Grants for energy wood purchases and for the improvement VHNl\NVLW\LVDVXQWRMHQOlPS|NRUMDXNVLLQ UDKRLWXVPXRGRW of heating economy in municipally-owned buildings and in ORSHWHWWXYXRQQD privately owned residential buildings (*), the financing forms were terminated in 1990.

 /DLQDWNRWLPDLVWHQSROWWRDLQHLGHQWXRWDQQRQMDNl\W|QHGLVWlPLVHHQ  Loans for promoting the production and use of indigenous UDKRLWXVPXRWRORSHWHWWXYXRQQD fuels, financing form terminated in 1995.  .RUNRWXNLHQHUJLDLQYHVWRLQQHLOOHVHNlNRUNRWXHWMRLGHQP\|QWlPLQHQ  Interest subsidy for energy investments and interest subsidies ORSHWHWWLLQYXRQQD \ULW\VWHQHQHUJLDQVllVW|LQYHVWRLQQHLOOH that were terminated in 1992 (subsidy towards enterprises for NRWLPDLVWHQSROWWRDLQHLGHQNl\W|OOHPDDNDDVXQMDNHOXMDNl\WW| energy conservation investments, for plants using indigenous  LQYHVWRLQQHLOOH  fuels and for investments in production of indigenous fuels and for the delivery and consumption of natural gas). 4)

% .RUNRWXNLHQHUJLDQWXRWDQQRQLOPDQVXRMHOXLQYHVWRLQWHLKLQ %Interest subsidy for air protection investments in energy production 5)

& $YXVWXVDVXQWRMHQHQHUJLDWDORXGHOOLVHHQNRUMDXVWRLPLQWDDQ &Grant for repairs effected in residential buildings to achieve energy savings 7)  /lPPLW\VODLWRVODLQDWYXRVLSHUXVWXXUDKRLWXVSllW|NVLLQ  Loans for heating plants, the year 1975 is based on financing HLPDNVDWXNVLLQ decisions, not on actual payments.  /lPPLW\VODLWRVLQYHVWRLQWLODLQRMHQNRUNRWXNL  Interest subsidy on loans for heating plant investments

 9XRVLHQMDUDKRLWXVNRVNHHYDLQWXUYHWWDNl\WWlYLlODLWRNVLD 1) Financing between 1977 and 1978 refers only to plants that burn peat. 9XRVLVLVlOWll(8QDOXHNHKLW\VUDKDVWRQWXNLHQNDQVDOOLVHQRVXXGHQ The year 1996 includes the national share of the aid from the EU area development fund.  3HUXVWXXUDKRLWXVSllW|NVLLQYXRWHHQDVWL 2) Based on the financing decisions until 1990.  9XRGHQOXNXVLVlOWllP\|VSROWWRDLQHHQNlVLWWHO\l 3) The figure for 2004 also includes fuel processing. 

Tilastokeskus 125  -DWN± Cont.

                PLOM¼±€ mil. ' 0DD±MDPHWVlWDORXVPLQLVWHUL|0DDWLODKDOOLWXV Ministry of Agriculture and Forest/ National Board of Agriculture 8) …………………      ±            $YXVWXNVHW±Grants  /RSHWHWXWDYXVWXNVHW«««««««« ±±±±±±±±±±±±±±  $YXVWXNVHWPDDWLORMHQOlPS|NHVNXNVLOOH ± ± ± ± ± ±            /DLQDW±Loans  /DLQDWMRLWDHLHQllP\|QQHWl «««« ±±±±±±±±±±±±  /DLQDWPDDWLORMHQOlPS|NHVNXNVLOOH«« ± ± ± ± ± ±            .RUNRWXNL±Interest Subsidy  /RSHWHWWXNRUNRWXNL «««««««« ± ±    ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±     ( )LQQYHUD2\M Finnvera plc 11) ………………………………… ± ±                /DLQDW± Loans  (QHUJLD«««««««««««««« ± ±                

3HUXVWXXUDKRLWXVSllW|NVLLQHLPDNVDWXNVLLQ Based on financing decisions, not on actual payments.

3XXWWXYLHQYXRVLHQWLHGRWO|\W\YlW(QHUJLD&'OWl Data for the missing years on the EnergyCD.

/lKGH 5DKRLWWDMDW Source: Financiers

126 Tilastokeskus /\KHQWHLGHQVHOLW\NVHW Explanations

'  $YXVWXNVHWPDDWDORXGHQHQHUJLDLQYHVWRLQWHLKLQMDWXUSHHQMD '  Grants for agricultural energy investments and for the production of SROWWRSXXQWXRWDQWRRQUDKRLWXVPXRGRWORSHWHWWXYXRQQD peat fuel and wood fuel on farms, the financing forms were terminated in 1992.  $YXVWXNVHWPDDWLORMHQOlPS|NHVNXNVLLQ  Grants for distric heating centres in farms  0DDWLODODLQDWHQHUJLDLQYHVWRLQWHLKLQMDVlKN|LVWlPLVODLQDW  Loans for energy investments on farms and rural electrification, the UDKRLWXVPXRGRWORSHWHWWXYXRQQD/DLQDWPDDWDORXGHQWXUSHHQ financing forms were terminated in 1991. Loans for production of MDSROWWRSXXQWXRWDQWRRQ UDKRLWXVPXRWRORSHWHWWXYXRQQD peat fuel and wood fuel on farms 9) , the financing form was terminated in 1992.  /DLQDWPDDWLORMHQOlPS|NHVNXNVLLQ  Loans for distric heating centres in farms  .RUNRWXNLUDKRLWXVPXRWRORSHWHWWXYXRQQD   Interest subsidy, the financing form was terminated in 1991 10) .

(  (QHUJLDODLQDW (  Energy loans 

) (QHUJLDODLQDW )Energy loans 12)

* (QHUJLDODLQDW MRLWDHLHQllP\|QQHWl,15$ORSHWWDQXWUDKRLWXN *Energy loans 13) which are no longer granted. The Investment Fund YXRQQD0RUWJDJH%DQNRI)LQODQGYXRQQDMD of Finland terminated the financing in 1984, the Mortgage 6XRPHQ3DQNNLYXRQQD Bank of Finland in 1987 and the Finland Bank in 1991.

+  7XUSHHQNXOMHWXVWXNLUDKRLWXVPXRWRORSHWHWWXYXRQQD +  Transport subsidy for peat, the financing form was terminated in 1993.

 0DDWLODKDOOLWXVOLLWHWWLLQPDDMDPHWVlWDORXVPLQLVWHUL||Q 8) The National Board of Agriculture was incorporated with the Ministry of Agriculture on 1 January 1993.  /DLQDWPDDWDORXGHQSROWWRSXXQMDWXUSHHQWXRWDQWRRQYXRVLQDMD 9) Loans for the production of peat fuel and wood fuel on farms in 1989 RQDUYLRLWX and 1990 are estimated.  $UYLR 10) Estimate  (QWLQHQ.(5$2\.(5$2\QWRLPLQQRW\KGLVWHWWLLQ7DNXXNHVNXNVHQ 11) Former KERA Corporation. From 1999, the activities of KERA NDQVVDYXRGHVWDOlKWLHQ)LQQYHUD2\MNVL Corporation were merged with the Finnish Guarantee Board (FGB) into Finnvera plc.  3HUXVWXXPDNVDWXNVLLQYXRVLQD± 12) Based on payments from 1991 to 2000.  3HUXVWXXPXLGHQSDLWVL,15$QRVDOWDUDKRLWXVSllW|NVLLQYXRWHHQDVWL 13) Except for INRA, based on financing decisions until 1987.

Tilastokeskus 127  -XONLQHQHQHUJLDWXWNLPXVMDNRHWRLPLQWDUDKRLWXVUDKRLWWDMLWWDLQ Government energy research, development and demonstration expenditure by source of finance

7\|MDHOLQNHLQRPLQLVWHUL| 9DOWLRQ 7HNHVWHNQRORJLDQMD 6,75$ 977  Ministry of \GLQMlWHKXROWRUDKDVWR LQQRYDDWLRLGHQNHKLWWlPLVNHVNXV Finnish National Fund for 2PDUDKRLWXV Employment and the Economy The Finnish State Nuclear Tekes - Finnish Funding Agency Research and Development Technical 1) Management Fund for Technology and Innovation Research (QHUJLDRVDVWR 7HROOLVXXVRVDVWR $YXVWXNVHW /DLQDW $YXVWXNVHW /DLQDW Centre of Finland Energy Department Industry Department Grants Loans Grants Loans (Own financing) $YXVWXNVHW /DLQDW Grants Loans ¼   ««   ± ± ± ± ±   ««   ± ± ± ±    ««   ± ± ± ±    ««   ± ± ± ±    ««    ± ± ±    ««    ± ± ±    ««    ± ± ±    ««    ± ± ±    ««    ± ± ±    ««    ±      ««  ± ± ±   ±   ««  ± ± ±   ±   ««  ± ± ±      ««  ± ± ±      ««  ± ± ±      ««  ± ± ±   ± ±  ««  ± ± ±    ±  ««  ± ± ±   ± ±  ««  ± ± ±   ± ±  ««  ± ± ±    ±  ««  ± ± ±   ± ±  ««  ± ± ±   ± ±  ««  ± ± ±   ± ±  ««  ± ± ±   ± ±  ««  ± ± ±   ± ±  ««  ± ± ±   ± ±  ««  ± ± ±   ± ±  ««  ± ± ±   ± ±  ««  ± ± ±   ± ±  ««  ± ± ±   ± ±  ««  ± ±    ± ±  ««  ± ±    ± ±  ««  ± ±    ± ±  ««  ± ±    ± ±  ««  ± ±    ± ±  ««  ± ±    ± ±  ««  ± ±    ± ± 

 9DOWLRQ\GLQMlWHKXROWRUDKDVWRQWHKWlYlQlRQNHUlWlVlLO\WWllMDVLMRLWWDDWXUYDDYDVWLYDUDWMRWNDWXOHYDLVXXGHVVDWDUYLWDDQ\GLQMlWWHLVWlKXROHKWLPLVHNVL 6XRPHVVD/LVlNVLUDKDVWRQ\KWH\GHVVlWRLPLLNDNVLHULOOLVUDKDVWRDMRLVWDUDKRLWHWDDQ\GLQWXUYDOOLVXXVWXWNLPXVWD(ULOOLVUDKDVWRWSHUXVWXYDWYXRQQD YRLPDDQWXOOHHVHHQ\GLQHQHUJLDODNLLQ$LHPPLQN\VHLQHQUDKRLWXVNXXOXLW\|MDHOLQNHLQRPLQLVWHUL|QPRPHQWWLLQ  0DDWLODKDOOLWXVOLLWHWWLLQPDDMDPHWVlWDORXVPLQLVWHUL||Q  $VXQWRKDOOLWXVODNNDXWHWWLLQQ\N\LVLQ9DOWLRQDVXQWRUDKDVWR$VXQWRKDOOLWXNVHQWLODVWRWRLPLOLLWHWWLLQ\PSlULVW|PLQLVWHUL||Q  5DNHQQXVKDOOLWXVODNNDXWHWWLLQQ\N\LVLQYDOWLRQNLLQWHLVW|ODLWRV  9DOWLRQSROWWRDLQHNHVNXV 9$32 PXXWWXLOLLNHODLWRNVHVWDYDOWLRQRPLVWDPDNVLRVDNH\KWL|NVL 9$322\ 

/lKGH 5DKRLWWDMDW

128 Tilastokeskus *HRORJLDQ 6XRPHQ 0DDMDPHWVl 0DDWLOD 6LVlDVLDLQ

            ±  ±  ± ± ± ± ±    ±  ±  ± ±   ±    ±  ± ± ± ±       ±  ±  ± ±       ±    ± ±       ±     ±       ±     ±            ±            ±                       ±    ±        ±    ±        ±    ±        ±    ±        ± ±   ±        ± ±   ±        ± ±   ±        ± ±   ±        ± ±   ±       ± ± ± ±  ±       ± ±  ±  ±       ± ±  ± ± ±       ± ±  ± ± ±       ± ±  ± ± ±       ± ±  ± ± ±       ± ±  ± ± ±       ± ±  ± ± ±       ± ±  ± ± ±       ± ±  ± ± ±       ± ±  ± ± ±       ± ±  ± ± ±       ± ±  ± ± ±       ± ±  ± ± ±       ± ±  ± ± ±       ± ±  ± ± ±       ± ±  ± ± ±       ± ±  ± ± ±   

  The task of the Government’s Nuclear Waste Management Fund is to collect, preserve and invest securely the funds that will be needed in future to manage nuclear waste in Finland. Additionally, the fund has two separate funds for financing nuclear safety research. The separate funds are based on the Nuclear Energy Act that entered into force in 2004. The financing in question was previously provided from the budget of the Ministry of Employment and the Economy. 2) The National Board of Agriculture was incorporated with the Ministry of Agriculture on 1 January 1993. 3) The National Board of Housing was ceased on 1 December 1993, now the Housing Fund of Finland. Official statistics production of the Housing Fund of Finland was incorporated with the Ministry of the Environment. 4) The National Board of Public Housing was ceased on 1 May 1995, nowadays State Real Property Agency. 5) On 1 January 1984 the State Fuel Centre, hitherto a public corporation, was transformed into a state-owned joint stock company (VAPO Oy). Source: Financiers

Tilastokeskus 129  -XONLQHQHQHUJLDWXWNLPXVMDNRHWRLPLQWDUDKRLWXVWXWNLPXVDOXHLWWDLQ Government energy research, development and demonstration expenditure by research area

5DNHQQXVWHQHQHUJLDWHKRNNXXV 7HROOLVXXGHQHQHUJLDWHKRNNXXV 0XXHQHUJLDWHKRNNXXVWXWNLPXV Energy efficiency in buildings 1) Energy efficiency in industry Other research on energy efficiency

$YXVWXNVHW /DLQDW $YXVWXNVHW /DLQDW $YXVWXNVHW /DLQDW Grants Loans Grants Loans Grants Loans ¼        «««««««««    ±  ± «««««««««  ±   ± ± «««««««««    ± ± ± «««««««««  ±  ± ± ± «««««««««  ±    ± «««««««««      ± «««««««««      ± «««««««««  ±    ± «««««««««      ± «««««««««      ± «««««««««       «««««««««       «««««««««      ± «««««««««       «««««««««       «««««««««       «««««««««       «««««««««       «««««««««       «««««««««       «««««««««       «««««««««       «««««««««       «««««««««       «««««««««       «««««««««       «««««««««       «««««««««       «««««««««       «««««««««       «««««««««       «««««««««       «««««««««       «««««««««       «««««««««       «««««««««       «««««««««       «««««««««       «««««««««       «««««««««       «««««««««      

 6LVlOWllNRWLWDORXGHW  6LVlOWllXXVLXWXYDWHQHUJLDQOlKWHHWMDWXUSHHQ

/lKGH 5DKRLWWDMDW

130 Tilastokeskus .RWLPDLVHQHQHUJLDQWXWNLPXV 0XXHQHUJLDWHNQRORJLD

      ± ±  ±  ±       ±  ± ± ±     ± ± ±  ± ± ±       ±  ±  ±         ± ± ±       ±  ±  ±       ±  ±  ±         ±  ±         ±  ±         ±  ±         ±  ±         ±  ±         ±  ±       ±  ±  ±     ±  ±  ±  ±         ±  ±         ±  ±         ±  ±         ±  ±         ±  ±         ±  ±         ±  ±         ±  ±         ±  ±         ±  ±         ±  ±         ±  ±                      ±         ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±  ±         ±           ±           ±           ±           ±           ±     

1) Includes households. 2) Includes renewable energy sources and peat.

Source: Financiers

Tilastokeskus 131 16 Kansainvälisiä energiatilastoja International energy statistics  (QHUJLDQNRNRQDLVNXOXWXV(8PDLVVD Total primary energy consumption in EU countries

                 0WRH $ODQNRPDDW 1/'««                  %HOJLD %(/««                  %XOJDULD %*5««                  (VSDQMD (63««                  ,UODQWL ,5/««   ,VR%ULWDQQLD *%5««                  ,WDOLD ,7$««                  ,WlYDOWD $87««                  .UHLNND *5&««                  .\SURV &<3««         /DWYLD /9$««         /LHWWXD /78««            /X[HPEXUJ /8;««          0DOWD 0/7««         3RUWXJDOL 357««                  3XROD 32/««                  5DQVND )5$««                  5RPDQLD 520««                  5XRWVL 6:(««                  6DNVD '(8««                  6ORYDNLD 69.««                  6ORYHQLD 691««         6XRPL ),1««                  7DQVND '1.««                  7ãHNNL &=(««                  8QNDUL +81««                  9LUR (67««            (8««««««««                  1RUMD 125««                  -DSDQL -31««                  .DQDGD &$1««                 

WRH *-

0DLGHQNROPLNLUMDLPLVWHQWXQQXNVLHQVHOLW\NVHWO|\W\YlW Explanations for the three-letter country codes VLYXOWDMD(QHUJLD&'OWl on page 27 and on the EnergyCD.

3XXWWXYLHQYXRVLHQWLHGRWO|\W\YlW(QHUJLD&'OWl Data for the missing years on the EnergyCD

7LHWRMDVDDWDYLOOD HFHXURSDHXHXURVWDW Data available from ec.europa.eu/eurostat

/lKWHHW (XURVWDW,($(QHUJ\%DODQFHVRI2(&' Sources:Eurostat, IEA /Energy Balances of OECD &RXQWULHV(GLWLRQ Countries 2009 Edition

132 Tilastokeskus  6lKN|QNXOXWXV(8PDLVVD Electricity consumption in EU countries

               7:K $ODQNRPDDW 1/'«                %HOJLD %(/«                %XOJDULD %*5«                (VSDQMD (63«                ,UODQWL ,5/«                ,VR%ULWDQQLD *%5«                ,WDOLD ,7$«                ,WlYDOWD $87«                .UHLNND *5&«                .\SURV &<3«                /DWYLD /9$«                /LHWWXD /78«                /X[HPEXUJ /8;«                0DOWD 0/7«                3RUWXJDOL 357«                3XROD 32/«                5DQVND )5$«                5RPDQLD 520«                5XRWVL 6:(«                6DNVD '(8«                6ORYDNLD 69.«                6ORYHQLD 691«                6XRPL ),1«                7DQVND '1.«                7ãHNNL &=(«                8QNDUL +81«                9LUR (67«                (8««««««««                1RUMD 125«                -DSDQL -31«                .DQDGD &$1«               

7$6( BALANCE: 6lKN|QNXOXWXV NRNRQDLVWXRWDQWR±YRLPDODLWRVWHQRPDNl\WW|± Electricity consumption = gross production + imports – exports – own Nl\WW|OlPS|SXPSSXLKLQVlKN|NDWWLORLKLQMDSXPSSXYRLPDORLKLQ± use by power plants – electricity used for pumped storage, heat YLHQWLWXRQWL±VLLUWRMDMDNHOXKlYL|W pumps and electric boiler – transmission and distribution losses

0DLGHQNROPLNLUMDLPLVWHQWXQQXNVLHQVHOLW\NVHWO|\W\YlWVLYXOWD Explanations for the three-letter country codes on page 27 and on MD(QHUJLD&'OWl the EnergyCD.

3XXWWXYLHQYXRVLHQWLHGRWO|\W\YlW(QHUJLD&'OWl Data for the missing years on the EnergyCD

7LHWRMDVDDWDYLOOD HFHXURSDHXHXURVWDW Data available from: HFHXURSDHXHXURVWDW

/lKWHHW (XURVWDW,($(QHUJ\%DODQFHVRI2(&' Sources:Eurostat, IEA /Energy Balances of OECD Countries 2009 Edition Countries 2009 Edition

Tilastokeskus 133  (8PDLGHQHQHUJLDQNXOXWXNVHQYHUWDLOX Comparison of energy consumption in EU countries 2009  3ULPllULHQHUJLDQNRNRQDLVNXOXWXV 6lKN|QNXOXWXV 1) Total primary energy supply Electricity consumption

0DLGHQNROPLNLUMDLPLVWHQWXQQXNVLHQVHOLW\NVHWO|\W\YlWVLYXOWDMD Explanations for the three-letter country codes on page 27 and (QHUJLD&'OWl on the EnergyCD.

 9DVWDD6XRPHVVDNl\WHWW\lWHUPLl VlKN|QKDQNLQWD  1) Equals 'domestic supply' less distribution losses. YlKHQQHWW\QlMDNHOXKlYL|LOOl

7LHWRMDVDDWDYLOOD HFHXURSDHXHXURVWDW Data available from: ec.europa.eu/eurostat

/lKGH (XURVWDW Source: Eurostat

134 Tilastokeskus 16.4 Energian kulutus energialähteittäin EU-maissa 2009 Energy consumption by energy source in EU countries 2009

Hiili, turve1) Öljy Maakaasu Ydinvoima Sähkön Uusiutuvat energialähteet Muut Yhteensä Coal, Oil Natural gasNuclear nettotuonti Renewable energy sources Others Total 1) peat power Net imports Vesi- ja Uusiutuvat Geoterminen ja Yhteensä of electricity tuulivoima polttoaineet aurinkoenergia Total Hydro and Renewable Geothermal and wind power fuels solar energy 1 000 toe 12345 6 7 8 91011 Kokonaiskulutus2) – Total consumption 2) Alankomaat NLD…… 7 461 33 647 35 088 1 091 421 402 2 716 29 3 147 744 81 599 Belgia BEL…… 3 019 25 124 15 112 12 181 -157 114 2 098 29 2 241 711 58 231 Bulgaria BGR… 6 401 4 385 2 161 3 958 -436 318 736 33 1 087 14 17 570 Espanja ESP…… 10 544 63 013 31 308 13 610 -697 5 512 5 891 687 12 090 320 130 188 Irlanti IRL…… 2 161 7 690 4 284 – 66 332 305 4 641 12 14 854 Iso-Britannia GBR… 29 570 74 371 78 120 17 824 246 1 252 4 890 72 6 214 464 206 809 Italia ITA…… 12 752 71 630 63 902 – 3 865 4 788 6 289 4 949 16 026 741 168 916 Itävalta AUT…… 2 893 12 797 7 166 – 67 3 634 5 016 160 8 810 556 32 289 Kreikka GRC… 8 426 16 992 2 971 – 375 671 981 209 1 861 4 30 629 Kypros CYP… 15 2 669 – – – .. 39 58 97 7 2 788 Latvia LVA…… 86 1 305 1 227 – 142 301 1 265 .. 1 566 3 4 329 Liettua LTU…… 165 2 535 2 181 2 846 -252 50 819 5 874 0 8 349 Luxemburg LUX…… 66 2 743 1 112 – 294 14 104 2 120 28 4 363 Malta MLT…… .. 821 – – – ...... 0 821 Portugali PRT…… 2 862 12 606 4 217 – 410 1 364 3 141 230 4 735 139 24 969 Puola POL…… 51 489 25 034 12 006 – -188 297 5 952 16 6 265 703 95 309 Ranska FRA…… 11 225 88 519 38 462 105 693 -2 230 5 604 13 986 178 19 768 1 250 262 687 Romania ROM… 7 555 9 147 10 599 3 031 -197 1 336 3 910 24 5 270 22 35 427 Ruotsi SWE… 1 926 12 636 1 237 13 458 403 5 876 9 933 10 15 819 450 45 929 Saksa DEU… 71 635 113 399 76 579 34 806 -1 056 4 926 21 320 1 447 27 693 3 542 326 598 Slovakia SVK…… 3 876 3 445 4 424 3 686 112 377 829 9 1 215 49 16 807 Slovenia SVN… 1 425 2 606 832 1 480 -264 405 482 .. 887 20 6 986 Suomi FIN…… 5 215 10 172 3 484 6 069 1 039 1 115 6 771 1 7 887 143 34 009 Tanska DNK… 4 010 7 828 3 916 – 29 580 2 636 26 3 242 382 19 407 Tšekki CZE…… 17 521 9 554 6 726 7 042 -1 173 234 2 178 13 2 425 193 42 288 Unkari HUN… 2 566 7 198 9 152 3 991 474 48 1 705 101 1 854 73 25 308 Viro EST…… 3 052 992 525 – 7 20 697 .. 717 0 5 292 EU27………………… 267 916 622 858 416 791 230 766 1 300 39 570 104 689 8 292 152 551 10 570 1 702 751

1) Sisältää kivihiilen, koksin, hiilibriketit, ruskohiilen ja turpeen. 1) Includes hard coal, coke, coal briquettes, lignite and peat. 2) Luvuista ei ole erotettu energiayhtiöiden (EU:n ja IEA:n tilastoissa 2) For combined heat and power production of energy companies public-sektori) sähkön ja lämmön yhteistuotannon osalta lämmön (public sector in EU and IEA statistics), fuels of heat production tuotannon polttoaineita. have not been separated from the figures.

Maiden kolmikirjaimisten tunnuksien selitykset löytyvät sivulta 27 ja Explanations for the three-letter country codes on page 27 and EnergiaCD:ltä. on the EnergyCD.

EnergiaCD:llä tiedot syötöistä sähköntuotantoon. Data about input to conventional thermal power statisons on the EnergyCD.

Tietoja saatavilla: ec.europa.eu/eurostat Data available from: ec.europa.eu/eurostat

Lähde: Eurostat Source: Eurostat

Tilastokeskus 135  6lKN|QWXRWDQWRMDQHWWRWXRQWL(8PDLVVD Electricity generation and net imports of electricity in EU countries 2009

(QHUJLD&'OOlWLHGRWYRLPDODLWRVNDSDVLWHHWLVWDMDNl\WW|NHUWRLPHVWD Data about capacity of power stations and load factor on the EnergyCD.

0DLGHQNROPLNLUMDLPLVWHQWXQQXNVLHQVHOLW\NVHWO|\W\YlWVLYXOWDMD Explanations for the three-letter country codes on page 27 and (QHUJLD&'OWl on the EnergyCD.

/lKGH (XURVWDW Source: Eurostat

136 Tilastokeskus 16.6 Sähkön ja lämmön yhteistuotanto Combined heat and power production  6lKN|QMDOlPP|Q\KWHLVWXRWDQWR(8PDLVVD Combined heat and power production in EU countries 2009

7DXOXNRQWLHGRWSHUXVWXYDWQV&+3GLUHNWLLYLQ (< PXNDLVHHQ The data in the table derive from a separate inquiry conducted in compliance HULOOLVHHQN\VHO\\Q with the CHP Directive (2004/8/EC).

0DLGHQNROPLNLUMDLPLVWHQWXQQXNVLHQVHOLW\NVHWO|\W\YlW Explanations for the three-letter country codes on VLYXOWDMD(QHUJLD&'OWl page 27 and on the EnergyCD.

/lKGH (XURVWDW Source: Eurostat

Tilastokeskus 137  3ROWWRDLQHLGHQNXOXWXVVlKN|QMDOlPP|Q\KWHLVWXRWDQQRVVD(8PDLVVD Fuel use in combined heat and power production in EU countries 2009

3ROWWRDLQHHW .LLQWHlWIRVVLLOLVHW gOM\WMD|OM\WXRWWHHW 0DDNDDVX 8XVLXWXYDW 0XXW \KWHHQVl SROWWRDLQHHW Oil and oil products Natural gas Renewables SROWWRDLQHHW Total fuel input Solid fossil fuels Other fuels 3-   $ODQNRPDDW 1/'««       %HOJLD %(/«««       %XOJDULD %/*««     ±  (VSDQMD (63««       ,UODQWL ,5/«««       ,VR%ULWDQQLD *%5««       ,WDOLD ,7$«««       ,WlYDOWD $87««       .UHLNND *5&««       .\SURV &<3««  ±  ± ± ± /DWYLD /9$«««      ± /LHWWXD /78«««      ± /X[HPEXUJ /8;««  ± ±   ± 0DOWD 0/7«« ±±±±±± 3RUWXJDOL 357««       3XROD 32/««       5DQVND )5$««       5RPDQLD 520««       5XRWVL 6:(««       6DNVD '(8««       6ORYDNLD 69.««       6ORYHQLD 691««       6XRPL ),1«««       7DQVND '1.««       7VHNNL &=(««       8QNDUL +81««       9LUR (67««      ± (8 (8««       1RUMD 125««   ± ±  

7DXOXNRQWLHGRWSHUXVWXYDWQV&+3GLUHNWLLYLQ (< PXNDLVHHQ The data in the table derive from a separate inquiry conducted in HULOOLVHHQN\VHO\\Q compliance with the CHP Directive (2004/8/EC).

0DLGHQNROPLNLUMDLPLVWHQWXQQXNVLHQVHOLW\NVHWO|\W\YlW Explanations for the three-letter country codes on VLYXOWDMD(QHUJLD&'OWl page 27 and on the EnergyCD.

/lKGH (XURVWDW Source: Eurostat

138 Tilastokeskus 16.7 Uusiutuva energia Renewable energy  8XVLXWXYDWHQHUJLDOlKWHHW(8PDLVVD Renewable energy sources in EU countries 2009

9HVLYRLPD 7XXOLYRLPD $XULQNRHQHUJLD *HRWHUPLQHQHQHUJLD %LRPDVVD

0DLGHQNROPLNLUMDLPLVWHQWXQQXNVLHQVHOLW\NVHWO|\W\YlWVLYXOWD Explanations for the three-letter country codes on page 27 MD(QHUJLD&'OWl and on the EnergyCD.

/lKGH (XURVWDW Source: Eurostat

Tilastokeskus 139  8XVLXWXYLHQHQHUJLDOlKWHLGHQRVXXVHQHUJLDQORSSXNXOXWXNVHVWD Share of renewables of final energy consumption

          .RPLVVLRQHVLW\V WDYRLWWHHNVL Proposed target 2020  $ODQNRPDDW 1/'««««««««            %HOJLD %(/««««««««            %XOJDULD %*5«««««««            (VSDQMD (63««««««««            ,UODQWL ,5/««««««««            ,VR%ULWDQQLD *%5«««««««            ,WDOLD ,7$««««««««            ,WlYDOWD $87««««««««            .UHLNND *5&«««««««            .\SURV &<3««««««««            /DWYLD /9$««««««««            /LHWWXD /78««««««««            /X[HPEXUJ /8;««««««««            0DOWD 0/7««««««««            3RUWXJDOL 357««««««««            3XROD 32/««««««««            5DQVND )5$««««««««            5RPDQLD 520«««««««            5XRWVL 6:(«««««««            6DNVD '(8««««««««            6ORYDNLD 69.««««««««            6ORYHQLD 691««««««««            6XRPL ),1««««««««            7DQVND '1.««««««««            7VHNNL &=(««««««««            8QNDUL +81«««««««            9LUR (67««««««««            (8««««««««««««««           

6LVlOWllHQHUJLDVHNWRULQNXOXWXNVHQMDMDNHOXKlYL|W Includes the consumption of the energy branch and distribution VlKN|QMDOlPP|QWXRWDQQRVVD losses in the production of electricity and heat.

/lKGH (XURVWDW Source: Eurostat

140 Tilastokeskus 16.8 Energian hinnat EU-maissa Energy prices in EU countries  .DDVXQNHVNLKLQWD(8PDLVVD Average price of gas in EU countries

                ¼*- .RWLWDORXGHW±Households $ODQNRPDDW 1/'««««««                 %HOJLD %(/««««««                 %XOJDULD %*5«««««                 (VSDQMD (63««««««                 ,UODQWL ,5/««««««                 ,VR%ULWDQQLD *%5««««««                 ,WDOLD ,7$««««««                  ,WlYDOWD $87««««««                 /DWYLD /9$««««««                 /LHWWXD /78««««««                 /X[HPEXUJ /8;««««««                 3RUWXJDOL 357««««««                 3XROD 32/««««««                 5DQVND )5$««««««                 5RPDQLD 520«««««                 5XRWVL 6:(«««««                 6DNVD '(8««««««                 6ORYDNLD 69.««««««                 6ORYHQLD 691««««««                 6XRPL ),1««««««                 7DQVND '1.««««««                 7VHNNL &=(««««««                 8QNDUL +81««««««                 9LUR (67««««««                 7HROOLVXXV±Industry $ODQNRPDDW 1/'««««««                 %HOJLD %(/««««««                 %XOJDULD %*5«««««                 (VSDQMD (63««««««                 ,UODQWL ,5/««««««                 ,VR%ULWDQQLD *%5««««««                 ,WDOLD ,7$««««««                  ,WlYDOWD $87««««««                 /DWYLD /9$««««««                 /LHWWXD /78««««««                 /X[HPEXUJ /8;««««««                 3RUWXJDOL 357««««««                 3XROD 32/««««««                 5DQVND )5$««««««                 5RPDQLD 520«««««                 5XRWVL 6:(«««««                 6DNVD '(8««««««                 6ORYDNLD 69.««««««                 6ORYHQLD 691««««««                 6XRPL ),1««««««                 7DQVND '1.««««««                 7VHNNL &=(««««««                 8QNDUL +81««««««                 9LUR (67««««««                

 (QQDNNR 1) Preliminary

+LQQDWHLYlWVLVlOOlYHURMD Prices without taxes. +LQQDWWDPPLNXXQSlLYlQl ± MDYXRVLSXROLVNR ±  Prices on 1 January (1996–2007) 1st semester (2008–). .RWLWDORXGHWYXRVLNXOXWXV*- ± MD±*- ±  Households, annual consumption 83.7 GJ (1996–2007) and 7HROOLVXXVYXRVLNXOXWXV*- ± MD±*- ±  20–200GJ (2008–). Industry, annual consumption 41,860 GJ (1996–2007) and 10,000–100,000 GJ (2008–). 0DLGHQNROPLNLUMDLPLVWHQWXQQXNVLHQVHOLW\NVHWV Explanations for the three-letter country codes on p. 27. 3XXWWXYLHQYXRVLHQWLHGRWO|\W\YlW(QHUJLD&'OWl Data for the missing years on the EnergyCD

/lKGH (XURVWDW Source: Eurostat

Tilastokeskus 141  6lKN|QNXOXWWDMDKLQWRMD(8PDLVVD Consumer prices of electricity in EU countries

               FN:K .RWLWDORXGHW±Households $ODQNRPDDW 1/'«««««                %HOJLD %(/«««««                %XOJDULD %*5«««««                (VSDQMD (63«««««                ,UODQWL ,5/«««««                ,VR%ULWDQQLD *%5«««««                ,WDOLD ,7$«««««                 ,WlYDOWD $87«««««                .UHLNND *5&««««                .\SURV &<3«««««                /DWYLD /9$«««««                /LHWWXD /78«««««                /X[HPEXUJ /8;«««««                0DOWD 0/7«««««                3RUWXJDOL 357«««««                3XROD 32/«««««                5DQVND )5$«««««                5RPDQLD 520««««                5XRWVL 6:(««««                6DNVD '(8«««««                6ORYDNLD 69.«««««                6ORYHQLD 691«««««                6XRPL ),1«««««                7DQVND '1.«««««                7VHNNL &=(«««««                8QNDUL +81«««««                9LUR (67«««««                7HROOLVXXV± Industry $ODQNRPDDW 1/'«««««                %HOJLD %(/«««««                %XOJDULD %*5«««««                (VSDQMD (63«««««                ,UODQWL ,5/«««««                ,VR%ULWDQQLD *%5«««««                ,WDOLD ,7$«««««                 ,WlYDOWD $87«««««                .UHLNND *5&««««                .\SURV &<3«««««                /DWYLD /9$«««««                /LHWWXD /78«««««                /X[HPEXUJ /8;«««««                0DOWD 0/7«««««                3RUWXJDOL 357«««««                3XROD 32/«««««                5DQVND )5$«««««                5RPDQLD 520««««                5XRWVL 6:(««««                6DNVD '(8«««««                6ORYDNLD 69.«««««                6ORYHQLD 691«««««                6XRPL ),1«««««                7DQVND '1.«««««                7VHNNL &=(«««««                8QNDUL +81«««««                9LUR (67«««««                 (QQDNNR 1) Preliminary

9XRVLNXOXWXVNRWLWDORXNVLVVDN:K ± MD±N:K ±  Annual consumption in households 3,500 kWh(1996–2007) and 9XRVLNXOXWXVWHROOLVXXGHVVD0:K ± MD0:K ±  2,500–5,000 kWh (2008–). Annual consumption in industry 2,000 MWh (1996–2007) and 500–2,000MWh (2008–). +LQWDWDPPLNXXQSlLYlQl ± MDYXRVLQHOMlQQHV ±  Prices on 1 January (1996–2007) and 1st semester (2008–). 0DLGHQNROPLNLUMDLPLVWHQWXQQXNVLHQVHOLW\NVHWV Explanations for the three-letter country codes on p. 27. 7LHWRMDVDDWDYLOOD HFHXURSDHXHXURVWDW Data available from ec.europa.eu/eurostat

/lKGH(XURVWDW Source: Eurostat

142 Tilastokeskus  3ROWWRQHVWHLGHQNXOXWWDMDKLQWRMD(8PDLVVDWDPPLNXXQSlLYlQl Consumer prices of liquid fuels in EU countries on 9 January 2012

%HQVLLQL 'LHVHO|OM\ .HY\WSROWWR|OM\ 5DVNDVSROWWR|OM\ Gasoline Diesel fuel Light fuel oil Heavy fuel oil 1) FO FNJ    9HUROOLQHQKLQWD±Price with taxes $ODQNRPDDW 1/'«««««     %HOJLD %(/«««««     %XOJDULD %*5««««      (VSDQMD (63«««««     ,UODQWL ,5/«««««     ,VR%ULWDQQLD *%5««««      ,WDOLD ,7$«««««     ,WlYDOWD $87«««««     .UHLNND *5&««««      .\SURV &<3«««««     /DWYLD /9$«««««     /LHWWXD /78«««««     /X[HPEXUJ /8;«««««     0DOWD 0/7«««««     3RUWXJDOL 357«««««     3XROD 32/«««««     5DQVND )5$«««««     5RPDQLD 520««««     5XRWVL 6:(««««      6DNVD '(8««««      6ORYDNLD 69.«««««     6ORYHQLD 691«««««     6XRPL ),1«««««     7DQVND '1.««««      7VHNNL &=(«««««     8QNDUL +81««««      9LUR (67«««««     (8««««««««««««      9HURWRQKLQWD± Price without taxes $ODQNRPDDW 1/'««««« %HOJLD %(/««««« %XOJDULD %*5««««  (VSDQMD (63««««« ,UODQWL ,5/««««« ,VR%ULWDQQLD *%5««««  ,WDOLD ,7$««««« ,WlYDOWD $87««««« .UHLNND *5&««««  .\SURV &<3««««« /DWYLD /9$««««« /LHWWXD /78««««« /X[HPEXUJ /8;««««« 0DOWD 0/7««««« 3RUWXJDOL 357««««« 3XROD 32/««««« 5DQVND )5$««««« 5RPDQLD 520«««« 5XRWVL 6:(««««  6DNVD '(8««««  6ORYDNLD 69.««««« 6ORYHQLD 691««««« 6XRPL ),1««««« 7DQVND '1.««««  7VHNNL &=(««««« 8QNDUL +81««««  9LUR (67««««« (8««««««««««««       5DVNDDQSROWWR|OM\QKLQWDDQHLVLVlOO\PDKGROOLVLDDUYRQOLVl 1) The price of heavy fuel oil does not include WDLOLLNHYDLKWRYHURMD value added tax or sales tax if any.

7LHWRMDVDDWDYLOOD HFHXURSDHXHQHUJ\ Data available from ec.europa.eu/energy /lKGH(XURSHDQ&RPPLVVLRQ Source: European Commission

Tilastokeskus 143 16.9 Kasvihuonekaasupäästöt EU-maissa Greenhouse gas emissions in EU countries  .DVYLKXRQHNDDVXSllVW|WLOPDQPDDQNl\W|QPXXWRNVLDMDPHWVlWDORXWWD Greenhouse gas emissions excluding land-use change and forestry

 &2HNYLYDOHQWWLD 2VXXV 0XXWRVSHUXVYXRGHVWD 1 CO  equivalent (8VWD Change compared base year Share 7RWHXWXQXW 7DYRLWH in EU Fullfilled Target 2) PLOMW mil. t                ±  $ODQNRPDDW 1/'«««                %HOJLD %(/«««                (VSDQMD (63«««                ,UODQWL ,5/«««                ,VR%ULWDQQLD *%5««                ,WDOLD ,7$«««                ,WlYDOWD $87«««                .UHLNND *5&««                /X[HPEXUJ /8;«««                3RUWXJDOL 357«««                5DQVND )5$«««                5XRWVL 6:(««                6DNVD '(8««                6XRPL ),1«««                7DQVND '1.««                (8««««««««                %XOJDULD %*5««                .\SURV &<3«« ± ± /DWYLD /9$«««                /LHWWXD /78«««                0DOWD 0/7««« ± ± 3XROD 32/«««                5RPDQLD 520«««                6ORYDNLD 69.«««                6ORYHQLD 691««                7ãHNNL &=(«««                8QNDUL +81««                9LUR (67«««               

(8««««««««              ±±

 1) (8PDLVVDKLLOLGLRNVLGLQPHWDDQLQMDGLW\SSLRNVLGLQRVDOWD In the EU15, the base year for CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O is 1990. SHUXVYXRVLRQ)NDDVXWODVNHQQDQSHUXVYXRVLRQ The base year for F-gases is 1995 (Austria, France and Italy ,WlYDOODVVD5DQVNDVVDMD,WDOLDVVDYDOLWWX  chose year 1990)  (XURRSDQXQLRQLQNHVNXXGHVVDYXRQQDVRYLWWXNHVNLQlLQHQ 2) The division of burden agreed within the European Union (EU15) WDDNDQMDNR (8 NXXGHQNDVYLKXRQHNDDVXQSllVW|MHQ in 1998 for reducing the emissions of six greenhouse gases UDMRLWWDPLVHNVL.LRWRQS|\WlNLUMDQYHOYRLWWHLGHQVDDYXWWDPLVHNVL to meet the obligations of the Kyoto Protocol in 2008–2012. YXRVLQD± 0DLGHQNROPLNLUMDLPLVWHQWXQQXNVLHQVHOLW\NVHWO|\W\YlWVLYXOWDMD Explanations for the three-letter country codes on page 27 and (QHUJLD&'OWl on the EnergyCD.

7LHWRMDVDDWDYLOOD ZZZHHDHX Data available from: www.eea.eu

/lKGH (XURSHDQ(QYLURQPHQW$JHQF\$QQXDO(XURSHDQ8QLRQ Source: European Environment Agency /Annual European JUHHQKRXVHJDVLQYHQWRU\±DQGLQYHQWRU\ Union greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2009 and UHSRUW inventory report 2011

144 Tilastokeskus  3ROWWRDLQHSHUlLVHWKLLOLGLRNVLGLSllVW|W Carbon dioxide emissions from fuel combustion

            PLOMW±mil. t $ODQNRPDDW 1/'««««             %HOJLD %(/««««             %XOJDULD %*5««««             (VSDQMD (63««««             ,UODQWL ,5/«««««             ,VR%ULWDQQLD *%5««««             ,WDOLD ,7$«««««             ,WlYDOWD $87««««             .UHLNND *5&««««             .\SURV &<3««««             /DWYLD /9$««««             /LHWWXD /78««««             /X[HPEXUJ /8;««««             0DOWD 0/7««««             3RUWXJDOL 357««««             3XROD 32/««««             5DQVND )5$««««             5RPDQLD 520««««             5XRWVL 6:(««««             6DNVD '(8««««             6ORYDNLD 69.««««             6ORYHQLD 691««««             6XRPL ),1««««             7DQVND '1.««««             7ãHNNL &=(««««             8QNDUL +81««««             9LUR (67««««             (8«««««««««««            

0DLGHQNROPLNLUMDLPLVWHQWXQQXNVLHQVHOLW\NVHWO|\W\YlWVLYXOWDMD Explanations for the three-letter country codes on (QHUJLD&'OWl page 27 and on the EnergyCD. 7LHWRMDVDDWDYLOOD ZZZHHDHX Data available from: www.eea.eu

/lKGH (XURSHDQ(QYLURQPHQW$JHQF\ Source: European Environment Agency

Tilastokeskus 145  gOM\QWXRWDQWRMDNXOXWXVDOXHLWWDLQ Production and consumption of oil according to region 2010

gOM\QWXRWDQWR 2VXXV gOM\QNXOXWXV 2VXXV Oil production Share of total Oil consumption Share of total PLOMW PLOMW mil. t  mil. t   

3RKMRLV$PHULNND ±North America 1) ……………………     9lOLMD(WHOl$PHULNND±Middle and South America……     (XURRSSD ±Europe 2) ………………………………………     (QW1HXYRVWROLLWWR±Former USSR…………………………     /lKL,Wl±Middle East…………………………………………     $IULNND±Africa…………………………………………………     $DVLDMD$XVWUDOLD  ±Asia and Australia 2)3) ……………    

 6LVlOWll

7LHWRMDVDDWDYLOOD ZZZESFRPFHQWUHVHQHUJ\ Data available from ZZZESFRPFHQWUHVHQHUJ\

/lKGH %3VWDWLVWLFDOUHYLHZRIZRUOGHQHUJ\-XQH Source: BP statistical review of world energy June 2011

146 Tilastokeskus  .DXSDOOLVWHQHQHUJLDOlKWHLGHQNXOXWXVPDDLOPDVVD Consumption of commercial energy sources in the world

gOM\ 0DDNDDVX +LLOL 9HVLYRLPD

/XYXWSRLNNHDYDWDONXSHUlLVHVWlOlKWHHVWlNRVNDWXRWHWXQ The figures differ from the original source because a method VlKN|QPXXQWDPLVHHQ0WRHNVLRQNl\WHWW\PHQHWHOPllMRND generally used in the EU and OECD energy statistics was RQ\OHLVHVWLNl\W|VVl(8QMD2(&'QHQHUJLDWLODVWRLVVD used to convert the generated electricity into Mtoe. 9HVLYRLPD\KWHLVPLWDOOLVWHWDDQPXLKLQHQHUJLDOlKWHLVLLQQ Hydro power is made commensurable with other energy sources at K\|W\VXKWHHHOOD 0WRH7:K %3QNl\WWlPlQQVLMDDQ the efficiency ratio of 100 per cent (0.086 Mtoe/TWh), instead of the

(LNDXSDOOLVHWHQHUJLDOlKWHHWHLYlWVLVlOO\OXNXLKLQ Non-commercial energy sources are not included. 7LHWRMDVDDWDYLOODZZZESFRPFHQWUHVHQHUJ\ Data available from www.bp.com/centres/energy

/lKGH %3VWDWLVWLFDOUHYLHZRIZRUOGHQHUJ\ Source: BP statistical review of world energy 2011

Tilastokeskus 147 Sähköntuotantokapasiteetti huippukuormituskaudella (taulukko 3.5)

Huippukuormituskaudella käytettävissä olevalla Teollisuuden yhteistuotantoteholla tarkoitetaan sähköntuotantokapasiteetilla tarkoitetaan keskimää- vastaavasti sähkötehoa, joka saadaan olettamalla räistä nettotehoa, joka pystytään tuottamaan tunnin voimalaitoksen lämpökuorma normaalia suhdanne- ajan valtakunnallisesti kovien pakkasten ja huonon tilannetta vastaavaksi. Kombiprosesseissa kaasu- vesitilanteen aikana. Laskentatapaa muutettiin ja turbiinin teho jaetaan vastapaine- ja lauhdetehoksi tilastointia tarkennettiin vuonna 2003, jolloin säh- samassa suhteessa kuin siihen liittyvässä höyrypro- köjärjestelmän ylläpitoon liittyvät reservitehot sessissa. vähennettiin käytettävissä olevista tehoista ja esite- Erillistuotannon lauhdeteho on määritetty tilan- tään erikseen omassa sarakkeessaan. Laskennassa teessa, jossa lauhduttimien jäähdytysveden lämpö- on hyödynnetty tilastotiedonkeruussa saatavien tilan oletetaan vastaavan kylmän talvikauden olo- tietojen ohella käytönvalvontajärjestelmän mittaa- suhteita. Yhteistuotantolaitoksissa lauhdeteholla mia toteutuneita tehoja. tarkoitetaan tehoa, joka saadaan ilman kaukoläm- Tehoja määritettäessä oletetaan, että voimalai- pö- tai höyrykuorman muutosta apulauhduttimella tos, sähköverkko ja lämpöverkko toimivat normaa- tai vastaavasti. listi, tarvittavat polttoaineet on saatavissa ja tehon Ydinvoimakapasiteetilla tarkoitetaan maksimi- nostamiseen tarvittavaa valmisteluaikaa on riittä- tehoa, johon päästään talvella, kun meressä on västi. Ulkoisten olosuhteiden oletetaan vastaavan jääkansi. Vesivoima tarkoittaa tehoa, joka voima- kylmän talvipäivän tilannetta, jolloin ulkolämpötila laitoksella on tuotettavissa tuntisäädön avulla kui- on Helsingissä –15, Oulussa –20 ja Inarissa –25 vana vesivuonna sekä ilman taajuuden säätöön ja astetta. Nettoteho saadaan vähentämällä voimalai- hetkellisiin häiriöihin varattua kapasiteettia. Kovat toksen bruttotehosta voimalaitoksen omakäyttölait- pakkasolosuhteet pienentävät osaltaan veden vir- teiden teho. taamaa. Tuulivoiman tuotanto ei ole mukana las- Kaukolämmön yhteistuotantoteholla tarkoite- kennassa. Paikalliset häiriö- ja varajärjestelmät taan sähkötehoa, joka on saatavissa normaalilla eivät myöskään sisälly lukuihin. kaukolämpökuormalla ilman apulauhdutusta ja Järjestelmäreservit tarkoittavat sähköjärjestel- kaukolämpökuorman siirtoa lämmityskattiloille. män käyttövarmuuden ylläpitoon varattuja kaasu- Samaan kaukolämpöverkkoon liitettyjä voimalai- turbiineita sekä taajuudensäätö- ja hetkellisiä häi- toksia sekä lämpökeskuksia oletetaan käytettävän riöreservejä, joista 90 prosenttia on varattu vesi- normaalin tuotantotavan mukaisesti. Kovan pak- voimakapasiteetista. kaskauden aikana kaukolämpölaitosten sähköntuo- tanto on normaalia pienempää johtuen suuresta lämmöntarpeesta. 

148 Tilastokeskus Electricity generation capacity in peak load period (Table 3.5)

The electricity capacity available in peak load Combined heat and power production in industry period refers to the average net capacity that can refers to the electrical capacity derived by assum- be produced nation-wide in extreme cold and bad ing that the thermal stress of the power plant cor- water situations during one hour. The calculation responds to normal circumstances. In combined method was changed and compilation of statistics processes the gas turbine capacity is divided into was specified in 2003, when the system reserve back-pressure power and condensing power in the capacities connected to the maintenance of the same ratio as in the connected steam process. electricity system were deducted from the avail- Condensing power in separate electricity gen- able capacities and are now presented in a separate eration is defined in a situation where it is assumed column. In addition to the data collected for com- that the cooling water of condensers corresponds pilation of statistics, the actual capacities measured to circumstances during a cold winter season. In by the operation control system are used in the combined production plants, condensing power calculation. refers to the power derived without the change in When defining the capacities it is assumed that district heating or steam load with an auxiliary the power plant, electricity network and heating condenser or the like. network operate normally, the required fuels are The nuclear power capacity refers to the maxi- available and the preparation time needed for rais- mum power attained in winter when the sea is ing the capacity is sufficient. The external condi- covered with ice. Hydro power is the power the tions are assumed to correspond to the situation of power plant can produce by hourly control in a dry a cold winter day when the temperature outside is water year and without the capacity reserved for –15 in Helsinki, –20 in Oulu and –25ºC in Inari. frequency control and instantaneous disturbances. Net capacity is obtained by deducting from the Extreme cold conditions in turn reduce the flow gross capacity of the power plant the capacity of rate of water. Generation of wind power is not its internal consumption equipment. included in the calculation. Local disturbance and Combined heat and power capacity of district reserve systems are neither contained in the fig- heating refers to the electrical capacity available ures. by normal district heating load without auxiliary System reserves refer to the gas turbines re- condensation and transfer of district heating load served for maintaining the operation reliability of to heating boilers. Power and heating plants con- the electricity system and the frequency control nected to the same district heating network are and instantaneous disturbance reserves, of which assumed to be used similarly as with the normal 90 per cent are reserved from hydro power capac- production mode. During an extreme cold period ity. electricity generation of district heating plants is lower than normal due to the high heating demand.



Tilastokeskus 149 Liite 2

Ulkomaankauppatilaston energianimikkeet 2010

CN-nimikkeet CN-nimikkeet

SÄHKÖ 2716 00 00 MUUT ÖLJYT Teollisuusbensiini 2710 11 11 2710 11 15 YDINPOLTTOAINE 8401 30 00 2710 11 90 Lentobensiini 2710 11 31 METALLURGINEN KIVIHIILI 2701 12 10 Erikoisbensiinit 2710 11 21 2710 11 25 KIVIHIILI Antrasiitti 2701 11 10 Lentopetroli 2710 19 21 2701 11 90 Muut petrolit 2710 19 11 Kivihiili 2701 12 90 2710 19 15 2701 20 00 2710 19 25 2701 19 00 2710 19 29 Voiteluaineet 2710 19 71 RUSKOHIILI 2702 10 00 2710 19 75 2702 20 00 2710 19 81 2710 19 83 KOKSI 2704 00 19 2710 19 85 2704 00 30 2710 19 87 2704 00 90 2710 19 91 2710 19 93 MAAKAASU 2711 21 00 2710 19 99 Bitumi 2713 20 00 RAAKAÖLJY 2714 90 00 (ML. KAASUKONDENSAATTI) Raakaöljy 2709 00 90 Parafiinivahat 2712 20 10 Kaasukondensaatti 2709 00 10 2712 20 90 Petroleumkoksi 2713 11 00 MOOTTORIBENSIINI 2713 12 00 (ML. SUIHKUMOOTTORIBENSIINMoottoribensiini 2710 11 41 Muut 2711 14 00 2710 11 45 2711 19 00 2710 11 49 2712 10 10 2710 11 51 2712 10 90 2710 11 59 2712 90 11 Suihkumoottori- 2712 90 19 bensiini 2710 11 70 2712 90 31 2712 90 33 KESKITISLEET Keskitisleet 2710 19 31 2712 90 39 2710 19 35 2712 90 91 2710 19 41 2712 90 99 2710 19 45 2713 90 10 2710 19 49 2713 90 90 2714 10 00 RASKAS POLTTOÖLJY 2710 19 51 2715 00 00 2710 19 55 2902 30 00 2710 19 61 2901 10 00 2710 19 63 2901 24 00 2710 19 65 2901 29 00 2710 19 69

NESTEKAASUT Nestekaasut 2711 12 11 METANOLI 2905 11 00 2711 12 19 2711 12 91 MTBE 2909 19 10 2711 12 93 2909 19 90 2711 12 94 2711 12 97 TURVE 2703 00 00 2711 13 10 2711 13 30 ENERGIAPUU Puupelletit 4401 30 20 2711 13 91 Polttopuu 4401 10 00 2711 13 97 4401 30 80 Nesteytetty maakaasu 2711 11 00 CN-nimikkeistö löytyy: www.tulli.fi

150 Tilastokeskus Appendix 2

Energy items in Foreign Trade Statistics 2010

CN Code CN Code

ELECTRICITY 2716 00 00 OTHER PETROLEUM Naphtha 2710 11 11 2710 11 15 NUCLEAR FUEL ELEMENT 8401 30 00 2710 11 90 Aviation spirit COKING COAL 2701 12 10 gasoline 2710 11 31 Special spirits 2710 11 21 HARD COAL Anthracite 2701 11 10 2710 11 25 2701 11 90 Jet fuel 2710 19 21 Bituminous coal 2701 12 90 Other kerosines 2710 19 11 2701 20 00 2710 19 15 2701 19 00 2710 19 25 2710 19 29 LIGNITE 2702 10 00 Lubricating oils 2710 19 71 2702 20 00 2710 19 75 2710 19 81 COKE 2704 00 19 2710 19 83 2704 00 30 2710 19 85 2704 00 90 2710 19 87 2710 19 91 NATURAL GAS 2711 21 00 2710 19 93 2710 19 99 CRUDE OIL (INCL. NGL) Crude oil 2709 00 90 Petroleum bitumen 2713 20 00 NGL 2709 00 10 2714 90 00 Parafin wax 2712 20 10 MOTOR GASOLINE 2712 20 90 (INCL. SPIRIT TYPE JET FUEL) Motor gasoline 2710 11 41 Petroleum coke 2713 11 00 2710 11 45 2713 12 00 2710 11 49 Others 2711 14 00 2710 11 51 2711 19 00 2710 11 59 2712 10 10 Spirit type jet fuel 2710 11 70 2712 10 90 2712 90 11 GAS OILS Gas oils 2710 19 31 2712 90 19 2710 19 35 2712 90 31 2710 19 41 2712 90 33 2710 19 45 2712 90 39 2710 19 49 2712 90 91 2712 90 99 HEAVY FUEL OIL 2710 19 51 2713 90 10 2710 19 55 2713 90 90 2710 19 61 2714 10 00 2710 19 63 2715 00 00 2710 19 65 2902 30 00 2710 19 69 2901 10 00 2901 24 00 LPG LPG 2711 12 11 2901 29 00 2711 12 19 2711 12 91 METHANOL 2905 11 00 2711 12 93 2711 12 94 MTBE 2909 19 10 2711 12 97 2909 19 90 2711 13 10 2711 13 30 PEAT 2703 00 00 2711 13 91 2711 13 97 WOOD FUEL Wood pellets 4401 30 20 LNG 2711 11 00 Firewood 4401 10 00 4401 30 80 Information from internet: www.tulli.fi

Tilastokeskus 151 Varastomuutos 1.4 Kierrätysöljy 0.5 Öljyn vienti 265.0 Öljyn jalostamot Ulkomaanmerenkulku Raaka-öljy ja kaasukond. 511.2 506.1 Öljytuotteet 19.1 Raaka-ainekäyttö, muu kulutus ja tilastovirhe 181.1 39.8 1.63.2 2.3 12.3 LIIKENNE Hiilen vienti 211.3 PJ 0.08 Varastomuutos 4.4 Hiilen muunto 21.6 0.6 Raaka-ainekäyttö TUONTI ÖLJY 220.3 56.3 2.2 8.5 1381.0 PJ KIVIHIILI 192.3 Liikenne ja tilastovirhe MAAKAASU 156.2 Maa- Öljy Hiili YDINENERGIA 245.5 4.8 16.8 12.3 3.2 1.1 kaasu 60.8 28.7 SÄHKÖNTUONTI 55.5 46.0

20.0 Maa- Hiili Öljy Turve 11.8 Varastomuutos 39.2 kaasu 2.2 12.3 12.3 Puu 148.7 Puupoltto- Turve 6.0 TEOLLISUUS aineiden tuonti ERILLINEN 552.9 PJ 63.1 Puu 20.0 LÄMPÖ Energiaturpeen Maa- Hiili Öljy Kauko- varastomuutos 57.2 Puupoltto- kaasu 0.5 2.3 47.9 4.9 lämpö aineiden 16.8 84.0 Energiaturpeen vienti vienti 30.3 TEOLLI- 0.5 3.3 Turve Maa- Hiili Öljy Puu Turve 4.4 SUUDEN Öljy 1.1 kaasu 0.2 62.5 48.7 3.2 Puu 36.1 CHP 3.2 172.9 ENERGIATURVE 45.6 Hiili 56.3 Kauko- KOTIMAINEN Turve 48.7 ENERGIA- 32.5 Lämpö- lämpö KOTITALOUDET ENERGIA 365.5 PUU- JA KIERRÄTYSPOLTTOAINEET 268.9 pumput 109.6 Maakaasu 63.8 TEOLLI- MAA- JA METSÄTAL. 10.0 14.3 VESI- JA TUULIVOIMA 51.0 SUUDEN 84.0 PALVELU- JA Puu 61.0 131.8 CHP JULKINEN SEKTORI Turve Öljy LÄMMÖN 357.2 PJ Hiili 30.3 1.6 37.2 63.8 109.6 4.9 HANKINTA 86.6 132.1 Häviöt 10.5

Puu 14.4 Häviöt 13.3 SUOMEN ENERGIATASE Maakaasu 63.8 32.5 2007 (PJ) 4.8 ERILLINEN 183.8 132.1 Ydinenergia SÄHKÖN 172.9 245.5 TUOTANTO SÄHKÖN Sähkön vienti 10.3 Tuontisähkö 55.5 HANKINTA 55.5 Sähkön käyttö liikenteessä 2.6 Sähkön muu kulutus 6.8 Vesi- ja tuulivoima 51.0 37.2 28.7 250.3 11.0 Eija Alakangas, VTT Lähde: Energiatilasto - Vuosikirja 2008 Häviöt Häviöt 327.2 Energiatilasto antaa kokonaiskuvan Suomen energiasektorin toiminnasta ja kehityksestä 1970–luvulta lähtien. Julkaisu sisältää tietoa energian tuotannosta ja kulutuksesta sekä niistä aiheutuneista pääs- töistä ilmaan. Lisäksi siitä löytyy tietoja energiatuotteiden tuonnista ja viennistä, energian hinnoista ja veroista, energia-alan investoinneista sekä julkisesta rahoituksesta. Suomea koskevien tilastotietojen lisäksi julkaisussa esitetään vertailutietoja muista EU- ja OECD-maista.

The Energy Statistics publication provides a general view of the operation and development of the Finnish energy sector since the 1970s. The publication contains collected information on generation and consumption of energy and on air emissions caused by them. It also includes information on imports and exports of energy products, energy prices and taxes, investments in the energy sector and its public fi nancing. In addition to statistical data concerning Finland, the publication presents comparative international data from other EU and OECD Member States.

ISSN 1796–0479 = Suomen virallinen tilasto ISSN 1796–7015 (pdf) ISBN 978–952–244–369–4 (pdf) ISSN 0785–3165 (print) ISBN 978–952–244–335–9 (print) Tuotenumero 3053 (print)

Tietopalvelu, Tilastokeskus Informationstjänst, Statistikcentralen Information Service, Statistics Finland puh. 09 1734 2220 tel. +358 9 1734 2220 tel. +358 9 1734 2220 www.tilastokeskus.fi www.stat.fi www.stat.fi Julkaisutilaukset, Edita Publishing Oy Beställning av publikationer, Edita Publishing Oy Publication orders, Edita Publishing Oy puh. 020 450 05 tel. +358 20 450 05 tel. +358 20 450 05 asiakaspalvelu.publishing@edita.fi www.editapublishing.fi www.editapublishing.fi www.editapublishing.fi