Technical Assistance Progress Report
Project Number：TA 4580-PRC April 2005 (TA approval date; monograph posted to web December 2008)
People’s Republic of China: NGO-Government Partnerships in Village-Level Poverty Alleviation (Financed by the Poverty Reduction Cooperation Fund)
Prepared principally by: China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation (CFPA) Beijing, PRC
TA Executing Agency: State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development (LGOP)
政府扶贫资源 首次向非政府组织开放
——回顾TA4580 : NGO与政府合作实施村级扶贫规划试点项目
Pioneering the Opening of Government Poverty Alleviation Resources to NGOs ——Retrospective on TA4580: NGO-Government Partnership in Village-level Poverty Alleviation Pilot Project
项目主管单位：国家财政部 国务院扶贫开发领导小组办公室 项目实施单位：江西省扶贫办 中国扶贫基金会 项目资助单位：亚洲开发银行 英国国际发展部 新加坡金鹰国际集团
Proponents: Ministry of Finance (MOF) State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development (LGOP) Operators: Poverty Alleviation and Development Office of Jiangxi Province (PADO) China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation (CFPA) Sponsors: Asian Development Bank (ADB) UK Department for International Development (DFID) RGM International ( CFPA) 1989 3
80 200
China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation (CFPA) was established in March 1989 with a mission to alleviate poverty in China. It is a national non-profit organization registered under the Minis- try of Civil Affairs with the Sate Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development (LGOP) as its superior. To date, it is the biggest NGO in the field of poverty alleviation in China.
CFPA has 80 headquarter employees in Beijing and 200 full-time employees in its field offices. The poverty alleviation initiatives of CFPA include microfinance , maternal and infant health care, financial support for poor college students, disaster relief , and community development.
30
Contents
Project Background ...... 2
Project Profile ...... 4
Launch of the Project’s Pilot Test ...... 6 NGO NGO Selection ...... 7 1 Bid Winners (I) ...... 10 2 Bid Winners (2) ...... 11 NGO NGO Capacity Building ...... 12 NGO NGOs Enter Pilot Villages...... 15
Project Outputs
Project Impacts ...... 18
Social Impacts ...... 19
The Midterm Policy Forum ...... 20
The Final Policy Forum ...... 22
External Monitoring and Evaluation ...... 23 NGO NGO Highlights ...... 25
1 Project Background
2001 2001 2010
NGO
2005 2 (TA 4580 PRC)
2 As the Rural China Poverty Alleviation and Development Program (2001 2010) came into effect in 2001, the government of the People's Republic of China (PRC) has shifted its focus of poverty alleviation from poor counties to poor villages and households. Village-planning projects have therefore become a significant part in the general agenda of poverty alleviation for the whole country.
Traditionally, village-planning poverty alleviation projects were developed and implemented by government poverty alleviation departments and particularly township governments and village committees. But with institutional reforms, numbers of civil servants at various levels have been greatly reduced, which affected the quality of poverty alleviation projects. In addition, the government played a dual role of project operator and supervisor, as well emphasizing low costs (but sometimes compromising quality), undermining efficacy and efficiency of fund use.
To tackle all these problems, an increasing number of agencies have begun to explore new approaches to poverty reduction. One such experiment involves a shift in the government’s role to focus on project supervision, inspection, and review and approval, while entrusting its poverty alleviation resources to NGOs for on-the-ground implementation of village-planning projects.
Against this background, the State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development (LGOP), the Ministry of Finance (MOF) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) signed in February 2005 the Memorandum of Understanding on Technical Assistance to the People’s Republic of China on NGO-Government Partnership in Village-planning Poverty Alleviation(TA 4580 PRC).
What does village poverty alleviation and development planning mean? At the foundation of the national poverty alleviation agenda, village poverty alleviation and development planing (VPADP) brings all national policies for poverty reduction and development to the poor village. It has to address local needs and resources, capacity and markets in the locality. Participatory (VPADP) differs from other development programs in that it must contain all the following features:
One county has a general plan targeting poor townships and poor villages directly. The objectives, components, implementing measures and financial re- sources are clarified. All components undergo unified procedures for assessment, evaluation and approval, with the approved components carried out by a yearly phase and receiving investment by installment. The plan must emphasize needy groups and participation by local villagers, including the poor,women,etc.
3 Project Profile
800 NGO 2006 1 2008 9 3 16 100 NGO 8 NGO
Initiated by LGOP and MOF, the project's pilot test is overseen by the Poverty Alleviation and Development Office (PADO) of Jiangxi Province, which entrusted CFPA to manage its 8 million of government funds. Through public bidding, several NGOs were selected to carry out pilot test component activities in 16 villages chosen from three state-designated counties for poverty alleviation in Jiangxi. The pilot test lasted from January 2006 to September 2008. The ADB provided $1 million (funded by the United Kingdom Department for International Development [DFID]) for policy studies, capacity building, project monitoring and evaluation, and work expenses for selected NGOs. The Singapore RGM International provided about $80,000 for capacity building of selected NGOs.
Project Areas
4 Pilot Project Implemention Framework
IDSS International Development Support Services Pty Ltd
An international consultant company selected by ADB through bidding.
5 Launch of the Project s Pilot Test
2005 12 19 , , 150
On December 19th, 2005, LGOP, ADB, Jiangxi PADO, and CFPA held a launch ceremony at the Great Hall of the People for the pilot test under TA4580 NGO-Government Partnerships in Village-level Poverty Alleviation. Over 150 people attended, including representatives from national and local governments, NGOs, international organizations and bilateral governmental assistance agencies, scholars and experts, and international journalists.
Senior officials, such as Wang Guoliang, Deputy Director of LGOP, Toru Shibuichi, ADB Country Director, Lin Zechang, Deputy Director from MOF, Duan Yingbi, CFPA President, He Daofeng, Vice-President of CFPA, and Zhang Zhihao, Director General of Jiangxi PADO, attended and addressed the meeting.
1.
Wang Guoliang, Deputy Director of LGOP
2.
Lin Zechang, Deputy Director from MOF
3.
1 2 3 Zhang Zhihao, Director General of the Jiangxi PADO
Toru Shibuichi, ADB PRC Country Director Duan Yingbi, CFPA President He Daofeng, Vice President of CFPA
6 NGO NGO Selection
2005 12 19 NGO NGO 2006 12 NGO NGO 16 CFPA
2005 12 19 Launch Ceremony & Explanatory Meeting on December 19, 2005.
On December 19, 2005 CFPA organized a Launch Ceremony & Explanatory Meeting, and explained the procedures and requirements for NGO bidding on December 19, 2005. One year later, the CFPA announced its second bid, invitation posted on the internet. To ensure transparency, fairness and justice of the bidding, the project developed a detailed Guidelines for Competitive Selection of NGOs, and also set up a bid evaluation panel organized by CFPA and chaired by Professor Kang Xiaoguang, the jury included 16 members from the project partners, international organizations, NGOs, local governments, universities and enterprises. The panel s rankings and proposed NGO selection for Phase I (in February 2006) and Phase 2 (in January 2007) were both approved by Jiangxi PADO and endorsed by ADB.
NGO NGO
At the ceremony, Mr. Liu Dongwen, Deputy Executive Director of CFPA, explains procedures and requirements for NGO bid- ding and answers questions.
7 Jurors of the CFPA Bid Evaluation Committee
Name Work Unit / Title Note
Kang Xiaoguang Rural Development School of China Renmin University Professor Chairman
Xu Yongguang China Charity Federation Vice president Member
He Daofeng CFPA Executive Deputy Director Member
Tang Min ADB PRC Resident Mission Deputy Representative Member
Li Xiaoyun Faculty of Humanities & Development, China Agricultural University Dean & professor Member
Wang Xingzui CFPA General Secretary Member
Liu Dongwen CFPA s NGO Village-level Project Office Deputy Secretary General Member
Shang Yusheng NGO Center President Member
Gu Xiaojing China Foundation for Youth Development Executive president Member
Bai Ailian Ford Foundation Program Officer Member
Wen Huili Ganzhou PADO Head Member
Shuai Geliu Fuzhou PADO Head Member
Gu Longhui Xingguo County PADO Head Member
He Yuanmin Le an County PADO Head Member
Guo Chaoyan Ningdu County PADO Head Member
Hu Yongshi RGM(Beijing) Department director Member
8 Guidelines for Competitive Selection of NGOs
The panelists discuss project proposals submitted by bidding NGOs.
9 Bid Winners (I)
2006 2 21 NGO
After conscientious screening, the first groups of bid winners were announced on February 21, 2006.
NGO The first group of NGOs selected
No Organization 1 Heifer International 2 Center for Environment and Poverty Alleviation, Ningxia 3 Promotion Association for MRL Regional Sustainable Development 4 Jiangxi Youth Development Fundation 5 Shanxi Research Association for Women and Family 6 China Association for NGO Cooperation
6 NGO Wu Zhong, former Director General of LGOP International At the press conference on bidding results, Kang Cooperation & Social Mobilization Department, and Tang Xiaoguang, Chairman of the Bid Evaluation Committee, Min, vice chancellor of ADB PRC Resident Mission, announces the first six NGOs selected. speaking at the press conference on bidding results.
10 Bid Winners (2)
2007 1 19
On January 19, 2007, the CFPA organized a press conference at the Media Center to announce the second group of NGOs selected after bid evaluation.
NGO The second group of NGOs selected
No Organization 1 Center for Environment and Poverty Alleviation,Ningxia 2 Promotion Association for MRL Regional Sustainable Development 3 LSM Rural Reconstruction Center 4 Kunming EarthWatch Institute For Sustainable Development of Natural Resources 5 Ningdu County Research Association for Community-based Poverty Alleviation
07 1 19 07 1 19 NGO NGO At the midterm policy forum held on 19 January 2007, Wang Xingzui, director of CFPA, introducing the Jiangxi PADO and ADB signed the document to confirm project and the process of NGO bid invitation at the the second group of NGOs selected. midterm policy forum.
11 NGO NGO Capacity Building
IDSS NGO NGO NGO 2007 5 NGO
CFPA worked with IDSS to carry out NGO capacity building, inviting several specialists to provide NGOs with specific skill training and providing opportunities for NGOs to share their experiences, conduct field visits, etc. In May 2005, CFPA and RGM International jointly organized a trip for NGO representatives to study community development projects in Indonesia.
IDSS-CIAD Professor Wang Dehai, an IDSS -CIAD expert, lectures on participatory poverty alleviation.
Big gathering at the stock-taking meeting.
12 NGO Planting friendship flowers with an Indonesian NGO.
2007 3
Field training in March 2007.
Two people are showing their results of pair work.
13 Team Building
To help team members understand and learn from each other, the project conducted various activities to build their capacity.
Preparing for what lies ahead
Look, which group will win? I trust you all, come on!
Let’s work together! Birthday party held during a seminar.
14 NGO NGOs Enter Pilot Villages
NGO NGOs with successful bids started working in the villages after NGO signing a contract with CFPA. Since NGOs are grassroots organizations, their participatory methods soon earned the villagers trust and formulate and they were able to implement village-level planning with the endorsement of local government.
1 Household Survey
Household full survey facilitated familiarity with local cus- toms and earned villagers’ trust before mobilizing them into the project. The survey usually lasted several months.
2 Poverty Recognition
Identifying who is poor is a major component of participatory planning. It enables the poor to have their voice heard and makes poverty alleviation more specific.
Classifying of the poor Women independently graded and sequenced poor households.
15 3 Causal Analysis
NGO
Causal analysis helped NGOs find the roots of problems quickly and come up with specific solutions in planning village projects. Special attention is given to women and other vulnerable groups.
We haven’t held such meetings for a long time. Now let s discuss the causes for our poverty.
4 5 Villager Representatives’ Meeting Project Notification
Posting of selected projects. Villager representative meetings were distinguished by the guaranteed proportion of women and poor house- holds identified earlier in the process. A basic requirement of this project was to be open and transparent. All important information should be notified to the public at each step of project planning and implementation.
16 6 Establishment of Regulatory Committee and Formulation of Project Management Methods
/ When the project was carried out, many pilot villages founded poverty alleviation development committee in which the poor were guaranteed a certain percentage of sits.
7 8 Active Villager Involvement Project Validation
Since projects catered to the needs of villagers, particu- larly the poor,this unleashed their initiative and was a magnet for their enthusiasm.
Relevant villagers and staff organized to conduct internal Villagers contributed their labor to validate project outputs. improve water drinking facilities.
17 Project Impacts
NGO
Since its inception in 2005,important impacts from the project are already apparent. Strong by governments at all levels in Jiangxi has been central to these achivements. Leveraging their own advantages to attract wide participation, NGOs mobilized villagers and raised their ownership, responsibility, and cohesion.
Before the Project After the Project
Muddy Wangfang Road is crying for renovation. Xinyu Village, Xingguo County, Jiangxi improved Wangfang Road with project funds.
Before the Project
After the Project Residents in Dongfeng Village, Ningdu County used to rely on an easily polluted spring for drinking and other water needs before the project. Seeing water running from the project-funded well, a female villager bursts into smile.
18 Social Impacts
2005 12 19 30
Since the project was kicked off in the Great Hall of the People on December 19, 2005, it has received attention from all social sectors and media. More than 30 media agencies have covered this event, including CCTV, People’s Daily, South China Post, Beijing News, and Los Angeles Times. A Reuter’s correspondent made a special visit to project areas to learn about the status of the project and talk to the villagers. Many officials and domestic and international experts have also made in-depth researches into this project.
2005 12 21 2007 3 Jason Subler
In March 2007, Jason Subler, a Reuter’s On December 21, 2005, CFPA Deputy Director He Daofeng correspondant, learned about women’s participation in and Renmin University Agriculture and Rural Development the project in Jinzhu Village, Lean County. Department Professor Kang Xiaoguang analyzed the role and significance of this project with netizens in Sohu chatroom.
ADB-published From the Ground Up:Case Studies in Community Empowerment
Coverage in various print media Special issue published by China News
This book, included the Jiangxi pilot as the lead chapter among eight country case studies. 1. China Daily NGO-Government Partnership in Village-level Poverty Alleviation 2.China Daily NGOs will get State funds to help poor 3.Beijing Youth Daily NGOs to implement state funded poverty alleviation 4. NGO Beijing News NGOs will get State funds 5. NGO 2006 1 China Newsweek China NGO conduct poverty alleviation with Government 6. Reuter’s China cautiously enlists NGO help in poverty fight 2007 3 21
http://www.cfpa.org.cn/new/default.asp
19 The Midterm Policy Forum
2007 1 19 NGO 120
On January 19, 2007, LGOP, ADB and CFPA co-organized a Midterm Policy Forum at Beijing Media Center. Over 120 people from MOF, LGOP, local governments, NGOs international organizations, bilateral governmental assistance agencies, pilot project villages, universities and research institutes, and CFPA and its project office participated. Senior officials who addressed the Forum included Gao Hongbin, LGOP s Vice Minister, Lawrence C. Greenwood, ADB Vice President, Adrian Davis, Chief Representative of DFID, Ju Kuilin, Deputy Director of MOF’s International Department, Duan Yingbi, President of CFPA, Zhang Zhihao, Director General of Jiangxi PADO, and Huang Jinping, President of RGM’s China office.
1.
Gao Hongbin, LGOP’s Vice Minister
2. Lawrence C. Greenwood, ADB Vice President 1 2
3.
Adrian Davis, Chief Representative of DFID
4. Huang Jinping, President of RGM’s China office
3 4
20 NGO NGO NGO representatives sharing their prospect-
ing on project implementation. Representatives from international Participant drafting on capacity building their own organizations sharing their views on proposals on capacity building for NGO-government PRC policies related to NGOs. partnership.
Participants sharing their ideas about NGO-govern- ment partnership in poverty reduction.
NGO
Villagers, government officials, and NGO staff exchanging views.
21 The Final Policy Forum
2008 9 22
NGO NGO
NGO
The Policy Forum on Mainstreaming NGOs in Government Poverty Programs co-organized by LGOP,ADB,and CFPA will be held at
West Hotel, Beijing, on September 22, 2008. National Ministries including Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Civil Affairs, National
Development and Reform Commission and the State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development (LGOP), local
governments, NGOs involved in the program and related international NGOs are expected to attend the Forum.
During the Forum, LGOP and ADB will provide placards to recognize local government partners and NGOs who contributed to the project’s
success, in view of their active participation and strong support. More significantly, this pilot program on NGO-Government Partnerships
in Village-Level Poverty Alleviation breaks the ice for NGO’s access to government budgetary poverty alleviation resources, laying a stepping
stone for future progress into this new territory in poverty alleviation.
22 External Monitoring and Evaluation
IDSS-CIAD
IDSS-CIAD is responsible for independent external monitoring and evalution(M&E) for this project.
Involved for the first time in systematically assessing their poverty, villagers stand with government and NGO officials outside a school in Shaziling (Sandy Peak) Village, Jiangxi Province in April 2006. Champions of the new approach include Directors General Wu Zhong (center, blue jacket) and Zhang Zhihao (far right, gray jacket).
An ADB mission hears farmers' views on how the pilot has impacted their lives.
ADB project officer Chris Spohr takes a break to chat with children in Jinzhu Village.
23 2008 3 IDSS-CIAD 2007 1
In March,2008 IDSS-CIAD carrying out the third project In January 2007, policy expert Kang Xiaoguang lent a listening ear monitoring in Xinyu Village, Xingguo County. to villagers’ views to this project.
In July 2007,Duan Yingbi learned about the status of the Evidence of project achievement flow from the project- project. funded well.
24 NGO NGO Highlights
NGO NGO
NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO
Following poverty alleviation principles, NGOs organized villagers discussion to formulate project execution plans. NGO staff visited project sites regularly to assess execution status, which enabled them to flexibly adjust project fund allocation based on real-time project execution and monitoring results. NGOs participation in poverty alleviation programs was an innovation to villagers, village committees, and local governments. The NGO participation model was well received by all parties. On the one hand, villagers were satisfied, while NGOs also brought to governments new concepts, new methods, and new working models. Execution of these projects provided NGOs an opportunity to learn and grow as well.
Center for Environment and Poverty Center for Environment and Poverty Heifer Project International helped Alleviation, Ningxia conducted many Alleviation, Ningxia organized villagers Liukeng village to build paddy field villager surveys and interviews. visit to a neighbor village’s biogas project. irrigation system. It brought up a grand harvest.
25 Jiangxi Youth Development Foundation Promotion Association for MRL Regional Promotion Association for MRL Regional conducted a villager demand analysis Sustainable Development visited field Sustainable Development Shen Wenqing sites to review projects’ planning. carried out a financial review.
Jiangxi Youth Development Foundation Mr.Chen Jianguo of Shanxi Research Shanxi Research Association for Women worked with discipline and passion Association for Women and Family and Family collected advice on the projects organized villager conference
Mr. Wen Zirong of Ningdu County Research Ningdu County Research Association for Association for Community-based Poverty Community-based Poverty Alleviation Alleviation Roads assessed progress in construction. held a discussion for projects progress.
26 NGO
KEY NGO participants in the project:
Zhang Hong, Xu Xiaoyan, Zhang Zhihui, Yu Hongshui, Heifer Project International;
Chen Jianguo, Li Chunye, Hou Jing, Shanxi Research Association for Women and Family;
Dai Ying, Jiang Xiang, Yang Zhiping, Tan Xuehua, Yang Fengxing, Qiu Minghua, Jiangxi Youth Development Foundation;
Wen Zirong,Yang Guijun, Ningdu County Research Association for Community-based Poverty Alleviation;
Song Dingshan, Li Chun, Hu Qiying, Huang Yuanfei, Zou Luliu,Kunming EarthWatch Institute for Sustainable Development of Natural Resources;
Huang Haoming,China Association for NGO Cooperation;
Yi Xiantao, Liu Liang, Wu Fengheng, Lu Huan,LSM Rural Reconstruction Center;
Liu Meiying, Shen Wenqing, Zhou Zongren, Li Rizhi, Zeng Xun, Yan Yuping, Xie Dongming, Liu Musheng, Xia Yu, Promotion Association for MRL Regional Sustainable Development;
Long Zhipu, Hu Yanqin, Zhao Xudong,Gou Wenchang,Niu Haiwen,Zhang Yongjun,Yi Shibing,Zhang Jianbin,Zhang Bo,Wang Yanru,Hou Jianfei,Liu Yaohui, Center for Environment and Poverty Alleviation, Ningxia.
27 Asian Development Bank
( ) 19 2 67 48 19
60 1 8 1986
2006 10 15 2006 177 26 2000 50 2000 6
The work of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) is aimed at improving the welfare of the people in Asia and the Pacific, particularly the 1.9 billion who live on less than $2 a day. Despite many success stories, Asia and the Pacific remains home to two thirds of the world s poor. ADB is a multilateral development finance institution owned by 67 members, 48 from the region and 19 from other parts of the globe. ADB s vision is a region free of poverty. Its mission is to help its developing member countries reduce poverty and improve the quality of life of their citizens.
ADB s main instruments are policy dialogue, loans, technical assistance, grants, guarantees, and equity investments. ADB s annual lending volume is typically about $6 billion, with technical assistance usually totaling about $180 million a year.
The People s Republic of China (PRC) joined ADB in 1986. It is currently ADB s third largest shareholder and one of the largest borrowers. ADB s operations in the PRC are designed to help promote equitable and inclusive growth, make markets work better, improve the environment and promote regional cooperation. Recently, ADB shifted two third of its operations to the central and western regions in the PRC. In 2006, ADB approved ten loans to the PRC amounting to nearly $1.52 billion. Cumulative lending to the PRC by end 2006 reached $17.7 billion.
ADB is headquartered in Manila, Philippines. It has 26 other offices around the world. The organization has more than 2,000 staff members from over 50 countries. ADB s Resident Mission in China was established in June 2000 in Beijing.
28 RGM International
( ) 1967 NGO 1.7 2006 658 000 NGO ( )
,
2005 (UnitedNations Global Compact) , NGO
Established in 1967, RGM International (RGMI) is a multinational group of companies operating in the resources development aren For the past 4 decades, the Group has been committed to running a sustainable business that is beneficial to the people and the country in which it operates. RGMI is active in community development and collaborates with international and local NGOs to implement poverty alleviation initiatives that promote economic progress and create opportunities for the local people. From it inception, the Group s China operations have contributed more than RMB170 million to a variety of charitable causes throughout the country. In the beginning of 2006, RGMI came to know about the joint project between the State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Reduction, the Asian Development Bank and the China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation which is aimed at reducing poverty in villages. The company decided to contribute RMB658,000 to help the successful implementation of the project and also in the capacity building of the NGOs.
Asia Pacific Resources International Holdings Limited (also known as APRIL), a member of the RGMI group, is a leading global producer of fiber, pulp and paper. The company owns and operated one of the world s largest integrated pulp and paper mills in world and has extensive fiber plantations in Riau, Indonesia. The company is committed to sustainable business practices, ensur that commercial, environmental and social imperatives co-exist. To make a positive impact on the poverty situation in Riau, APR has implemented a range of community development programs that include the Integrated Farming System, Community Fiber Farms, support for Small and Medium enterprises, vocational training and educational support. APRIL s Community Fiber Farms program was judged as the runner- up in the Asian CSR Awards in the Philippines in 2005. As a signatory to the United Nations Global Compact, APRIL continuously seeks to partner with international and local NGOs to promote an economically thriving and self-reliant community.
29 更多的项目相关资料，请访问项目网站或与CFPA联系： For more project-related materials and information, please see the project website ( http://www.cfpa.org.cn/new/default.asp ) or contact CFPA:
地址：北京市海淀区双榆树西里36号南楼5层 邮编：100086 电话：010-82872688 传真：010-62526268 网址：www.fupin.org.cn
Add: 5th Floor,South Building, 36 Shuangyushu Xili, Haidian District, Beijing 100086, China Tel: 010-82872688 Fax: 010-62526268 Web: www.fupin.org.cn
本文所表述之观点为作者个人的观点，并非是亚行及其理事会，以及各国理事所代表之政府的观点和政策的反映。 Content of this booklet reflects the views of the authors and not necessarily those of the Asian Development Bank, its Board of Directors, or the countries they represent.