PROCESS OF LABELS

THE DRY HAND DRILLING Miners changed and prepared for Early miners drilled the hard rock work in a special room called the ‘dry’. with hammers and chisels called ‘borers’.

STOPING CORNISH ROCK DRILL Invented in 1881, the Cornish Rock Drill The job of tunnelling out the made miners’ jobs a lot easier and precious was called ‘stoping’. was sought-after all over the world.

BLASTING TRAMMING After drilling, miners used explosives to blast The blasted rock was loaded into mine carts to be out the valuable ore. Early miners would pack the taken for processing, a job known as ‘tramming’. holes with gunpowder, later dynamite was used.

MINE WAGON MINERAL TRAM Bucket-tipping mine wagons Above ground, tramways were used made it easier to unload the ore. to transport the ore for processing.

SPALLING STAMPS

Spalling was the process of smashing A machine used to break up the ore into up the ore by hand. Much of the labour was done by women, known as Bal Maidens. a fine sand before the metalcould be extracted.

STAMP BUDDLE FRAME A site dedicated to breaking up the ore. A device used to separate tin sand from waste rock. Many of the machines were powered by waterwheels. The heavy tin would settle onto the frame while The water was carried around by ‘launders’ or gutters. the waste would be washed down the slope.

BUDDLE PIT SHAKING TABLE Tin sand was stirred with water in this pit. Powdered rock and water were passed over The heavy tin would sink while the lighter this table which would vibrate to separate waste rock would be pushed to the edge. the heavy metals from the waste rock.

SMELTING

Finally, the ore was melted in a furnace and turned into bars of pure metal called ‘ingots’. KS2 Cornish Mining Key Sites 47