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Northern Victorian Wetlands: Water Requirements and Impacts of Climate Change on the 27.6 GL Flora and Fauna Entitlement and Dependant Wetlands

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Northern Victorian Wetlands: Water Requirements and Impacts of Climate Change on the 27.6 GL Flora and Fauna Entitlement and Dependant Wetlands Northern Victorian Wetlands: water requirements and impacts of climate change on the 27.6 GL Flora and Fauna Entitlement and dependant wetlands Report prepared for Department of Sustainability and Environment June 2008 Shelley Heron (Kellogg Brown & Root Pty Ltd) & Andrea Joyce (Department of Sustainability and Environment) TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................................2 Introduction.................................................................................................................................. 2 Wetlands in the NSWS region..................................................................................................................2 Objectives of this project ..........................................................................................................................3 Method.......................................................................................................................................... 4 Applying exclusion rules to the wetlands list.............................................................................................4 Wetland Systems ......................................................................................................................... 5 Classifying wetlands.................................................................................................................................5 Sources of information for the initial phase of the project.........................................................................5 Data collation..........................................................................................................................................10 Wetlands systems of Northern Region Sustainable Water use Strategy................................................10 Description of wetland types and associated values ..............................................................................14 Climate change scenarios......................................................................................................... 15 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 25 Bibliography............................................................................................................................... 25 Appendix A............................................................................................................................................28 Wetland criteria for significance..............................................................................................................28 International (Ramsar) Criteria ...............................................................................................................28 National (directory) Criteria.....................................................................................................................29 Regional (bioregional) SIGNIFICANTS criteria.......................................................................................30 Appendix B............................................................................................................................................31 wetland classification descriptors and numbers of wetlands in each category.......................................31 Appendix C............................................................................................................................................35 SKM Wetland Compliance modelling: Impact on allocations from murray Flora and Fauna entitlement and associated wetlands ........................................................................................................................35 Murray Flora and Fauna Entitlement ......................................................................................................35 Appendix D............................................................................................................................................38 Wetland volumetric requirements from the murray flora and fauna entitlement .....................................38 Page 1 Impact of water availability on significant wetlands - Northern Sustainable Water Strategy ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Several regional workshops with staff from various agencies involved with wetland management were undertaken. The staff listed below provided valuable contributions to understanding flow requirements, wetland values and future management options under various climate change scenarios. Rob O'Brien DPI Graham Hall NCCMA Tim Shanahan NCCMA Rolf Weber DSE Michelle Bills NCCMA Bruce Wehner Parks Victoria Heidi Magner NCCMA Paul O'Connor DSE Kathryn Stanislawski NCCMA Joy Sloan DPI Keith Ward GBCMA Sarah Daniell NECMA Rebecca Heard DPI Trent Wallis MCMA Jo Deretic DPI Nicky Kindler MCMA A workshop to better understand the ecological implications of flow scenarios on wetland values was also undertaken. With such a challenging topic and very little empirical data and tight timeframes, the contributions of the following people are gratefully acknowledged. John McGuckin Stream Research Terry Hillman Shaun Meredith MDFRC Keith Ward GBCMA Jane Roberts Page 2 Impact of water availability on significant wetlands - Northern Sustainable Water Strategy Introduction The Victorian Government’s Northern Region Sustainable Water Strategy (NRSWS) sets to secure water supplies for the northern region of Victoria for the next 50 years. The project area covers almost half of Victoria, focusing on systems within the Upper Murray, Kiewa, Ovens, Broken, Goulburn, Campaspe, Loddon and Mallee basins. By using a planning framework, which assesses large-scale, long-term changes in water supply and use, the NRSWS will determine actions to secure water for industry, cities and towns in the region while also maintaining water for environmental purposes. Forecasting land-use change and events, climate change impacts, demographic changes, projected water demand and changes to inflows are significant information inputs for this planning framework. The NRSWS planning framework incorporates a triple-bottom-line (TBL) assessment and prioritisation process, where sources of water such as rivers, wetlands, groundwater, stormwater and recycled water are valued and prioritised according to the economic, social and environmental benefits that they provide. In order to determine projected water needs, future outlooks for Northern Victoria will be developed which describe hypothetical future conditions, availability and demands for water in the region, similar to the approach used for the Central Region Sustainable Water Strategy (CRSWS), completed in 2007. The options will be based on: • water that can be taken for drinking and other consumptive use, such as irrigation • water needed for environmental purposes for rivers, wetlands and floodplains. In Victoria, environmental water allocation has traditionally focused on rivers, with a focus on understanding the environmental flow requirements of these rivers. Studies have been, and are being, conducted by catchment management authorities (CMAs) and the Department of Sustainability and Environment (DSE) in Northern Victoria to confirm the environmental water needs of the main river systems across the Northern region. This data has been used during the options assessment process for the NSWS. Using Victoria’s FLOWS methodology, these studies have considered the economic, environmental, and social values of rivers, and the flows required to maintain and, where possible, enhance these values. WETLANDS IN THE NSWS REGION There are limitations to our knowledge regarding the water requirements of wetland biota in Victoria, and there is currently no agreed methodology to assess the water regime requirements for Victorian wetlands, although DSE is currently conducting a study on the Gippsland Lakes to determine how the Victorian FLOWS method could be modified to incorporate wetland water regime requirements. The environmental water regime of wetlands is often assessed on a much smaller scale than rivers, focusing on individual wetlands or a small cluster of wetlands, making it possible to understand the regime requirements of small isolated wetlands. This narrower focus however does not lend itself to assessing the catchment scale impacts on wetlands under water regime changes, due to difficulties in up-scaling the methodology and a paucity of available data. It is important that wetlands are considered adequately under the NSWS process. Wetlands are valuable to the Victorian community for environmental, social and economic reasons. Their value and proper functioning as flora and fauna habitat is important not only for biodiversity conservation but also as the basis for many of their other values. Healthy functioning wetlands provide ecosystem services such as Page 2 Impact of water availability on significant wetlands - Northern Sustainable Water Strategy maintaining water quality by trapping sediments and using and storing nutrients. Wetlands are important to agriculture in supporting waterbirds that feed on insect pests, in providing sources of water for stock and in providing opportunities for grazing and for aquaculture. Recreational uses of wetlands are also highly valued by the community. Activities such as recreational fishing, boating, swimming, duck hunting, bird watching and bush walking attract many people to wetlands
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