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Presidential Elections

Number % of Elec- % Voter of Popular Popular toral Partici- Year States Candidates Parties Vote Vote Vote pationa

1789 10 George Washington No party 69c John Adams designations 34c Other candidates 35c 1792 15 George Washington No party 132c John Adams designations 77c George Clinton 50c Other candidates 5c 1796 16 John Adams Federalist 71c Thomas Jefferson Democratic- 68c Republican Thomas Pinckney Federalist 59c Aaron Burr Democratic- 30c Republican Other candidates 48c 1800 16 Thomas Jefferson Democratic- 73c Republican Aaron Burr Democratic- 73c Republican John Adams Federalist 65c Charles C. Pinckney Federalist 64c John Jay Federalist 1c 1804 17 Thomas Jefferson Democratic- 162c Republican Charles C. Pinckney Federalist 14c 1808 17 James Madison Democratic- 122c Republican Charles C. Pinckney Federalist 47c George Clinton Democratic- 6c Republican 1812 18 James Madison Democratic- 128c Republican DeWitt Clinton Federalist 89c 1816 19 James Monroe Democratic- 183c Republican Rufus King Federalist 34c 1820 24 James Monroe Democratic- 231c Republican John Quincy Adams Independent 1c Republican 1824 24 John Quincy Adams Democratic- 108,740 30.5 84c 26.9 Republican Andrew Jackson Democratic- 153,544 43.1 99c Republican Henry Clay Democratic- 47,136 13.2 37c Republican William H. Crawford Democratic- 46,618 13.1 41c Republican

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Presidential Elections (continued)

Number % of Elec- % Voter of Popular Popular toral Partici- Year States Candidates Parties Vote Vote Vote pationa

1828 24 Andrew Jackson Democratic 647,286 56.0 178c 57.6 John Quincy Adams National 508,064 44.0 83c Republican 1832 24 Andrew Jackson Democratic 701,780 54.2 219c 55.4 Henry Clay National 484,205 37.4 49c Republican Other candidates 107,988 8.0 18c 1836 26 Martin Van Buren Democratic 764,176 50.8 170c 57.8 William H. Harrison Whig 550,816 36.6 73c Hugh L. White Whig 146,107 9.7 26c 1840 26 William H. Harrison Whig 1,274,624 53.1 234c 80.2 Martin Van Buren Democratic 1,127,781 46.9 60c 1844 26 James K. Polk Democratic 1,338,464 49.6 170c 78.9 Henry Clay Whig 1,300,097 48.1 105c James G. Birney Liberty 62,300 2.3 1848 30 Zachary Taylor Whig 1,360,967 47.4 163c 72.7 Lewis Cass Democratic 1,222,342 42.5 127c Martin Van Buren Free Soil 291,263 10.1 1852 31 Franklin Pierce Democratic 1,601,117 50.9 254c 69.6 Winfield Scott Whig 1,385,453 44.1 42c John P. Hale Free Soil 155,825 5.0 1856 31 James Buchanan Democratic 1,832,955 45.3 174c 78.9 John C. Frémont Republican 1,339,932 33.1 114c Millard Fillmore American 871,731 21.6 8c 1860 33 Abraham Lincoln Republican 1,865,593 39.8 180c 81.2 Stephen A. Douglas Democratic 1,382,713 29.5 12c John C. Breckinridge Democratic 848,356 18.1 72c John Bell Constitutional 592,906 12.6 39c Union 1864 36 Abraham Lincoln Republican 2,206,938 55.0 212c 73.8 George B. McClellan Democratic 1,803,787 45.0 21c 1868 37 Ulysses S. Grant Republican 3,013,421 52.7 214c 78.1 Horatio Seymour Democratic 2,706,829 47.3 80c 1872 37 Ulysses S. Grant Republican 3,596,745 55.6 286c 71.3 Horace Greeley Democratic 2,843,446 43.9 b 1876 38 Rutherford B. Hayes Republican 4,036,572 48.0 185c 81.8 Samuel J. Tilden Democratic 4,284,020 51.0 184c 1880 38 James A. Garfield Republican 4,453,295 48.5 214c 79.4 Winfield S. Hancock Democratic 4,414,082 48.1 155c James B. Weaver Greenback- 308,578 3.4 Labor 1884 38 Democratic 4,879,507 48.5 219c 77.5 James G. Blaine Republican 4,850,293 48.2 182c Benjamin F. Butler Greenback- 175,370 1.8 Labor John P. St. John 150,369 1.5

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Presidential Elections (continued)

Number % of Elec- % Voter of Popular Popular toral Partici- Year States Candidates Parties Vote Vote Vote pationa

1888 38 Republican 5,447,129 47.9 233c 79.3 Grover Cleveland Democratic 5,537,857 48.6 168c Clinton B. Fisk Prohibition 249,506 2.2 Anson J. Streeter Union Labor 146,935 1.3 1892 44 Grover Cleveland Democratic 5,555,426 46.1 277c 74.7 Benjamin Harrison Republican 5,182,690 43.0 145c James B. Weaver People’s 1,029,846 8.5 22c John Bidwell Prohibition 264,133 2.2 1896 45 William McKinley Republican 7,102,246 51.1 271c 79.3 William J. Bryan Democratic 6,492,559 47.7 176c 1900 45 William McKinley Republican 7,218,491 51.7 292c 73.2 William J. Bryan Democratic; 6,356,734 45.5 155c Populist John C. Wooley Prohibition 208,914 1.5 1904 45 Theodore Roosevelt Republican 7,628,461 57.4 336c 65.2 Alton B. Parker Democratic 5,084,223 37.6 140c Eugene V. Debs Socialist 402,283 3.0 Silas C. Swallow Prohibition 258,536 1.9 1908 46 William H. Taft Republican 7,675,320 51.6 321c 65.4 William J. Bryan Democratic 6,412,294 43.1 162c Eugene V. Debs Socialist 420,793 2.8 Eugene W. Chafin Prohibition 253,840 1.7 1912 48 Woodrow Wilson Democratic 6,296,547 41.9 435c 58.8 Theodore Roosevelt Progressive 4,118,571 27.4 88c William H. Taft Republican 3,486,720 23.2 8c Eugene V. Debs Socialist 900,672 6.0 Eugene W. Chafin Prohibition 206,275 1.4 1916 48 Woodrow Wilson Democratic 9,127,695 49.4 277c 61.6 Charles E. Hughes Republican 8,533,507 46.2 254c A. L. Benson Socialist 585,113 3.2 J. Prohibition 220,506 1.2 1920 48 Warren G. Harding Republican 16,143,407 60.4 404c 49.2 James M. Cox Democratic 9,130,328 34.2 127c Eugene V. Debs Socialist 919,799 3.4 P. P. Christensen Farmer- 265,411 1.0 Labor 1924 48 Calvin Coolidge Republican 15,718,211 54.0 382c 48.9 John W. Davis Democratic 8,385,283 28.8 136c Robert M. La Follette Progressive 4,831,289 16.6 13c 1928 48 Herbert C. Hoover Republican 21,391,993 58.2 444c 56.9 Alfred E. Smith Democratic 15,016,169 40.9 87c 1932 48 Franklin D. Roosevelt Democratic 22,809,638 57.4 472c 56.9 Herbert C. Hoover Republican 15,758,901 39.7 59c Norman Thomas Socialist 881,951 2.2 1936 48 Franklin D. Roosevelt Democratic 27,752,869 60.8 523c 61.0 Alfred M. Landon Republican 16,674,665 36.5 8c William Lemke Union 882,479 1.9

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Presidential Elections (continued)

Number % of Elec- % Voter of Popular Popular toral Partici- Year States Candidates Parties Vote Vote Vote pationa

1940 48 Franklin D. Roosevelt Democratic 27,307,819 54.8 449c 62.5 Wendell L. Wilkie Republican 22,321,018 44.8 82c 1944 48 Franklin D. Roosevelt Democratic 25,606,585 53.5 432c 55.9 Thomas E. Dewey Republican 22,014,745 46.0 99c 1948 48 Harry S Truman Democratic 24,179,345 49.6 303c 53.0 Thomas E. Dewey Republican 21,991,291 45.1 189c J. Strom Thurmond States’ Rights 1,176,125 2.4 39c Henry A. Wallace Progressive 1,157,326 2.4 1952 48 Dwight D. Eisenhower Republican 33,936,234 55.1 442c 63.3 Adlai E. Stevenson Democratic 27,314,992 44.4 89c 1956 48 Dwight D. Eisenhower Republican 35,590,472 57.6 457c 60.6 Adlai E. Stevenson Democratic 26,022,752 42.1 73c 1960 50 John F. Kennedy Democratic 34,226,731 49.7 303c 62.8 Richard M. Nixon Republican 34,108,157 49.5 219c 1964 50 Lyndon B. Johnson Democratic 43,129,566 61.1 486c 61.7 Barry M. Goldwater Republican 27,178,188 38.5 52c 1968 50 Richard M. Nixon Republican 31,785,480 43.4 301c 60.6 Hubert H. Humphrey Democratic 31,275,166 42.7 191c George C. Wallace American 9,906,473 13.5 46c Independent 1972 50 Richard M. Nixon Republican 47,169,911 60.7 520c 55.2 George S. McGovern Democratic 29,170,383 37.5 17c John G. Schmitz American 1,099,482 1.4 1976 50 James E. Carter Democratic 40,830,763 50.1 297c 53.5 Gerald R. Ford Republican 39,147,793 48.0 240c 1980 50 Ronald W. Reagan Republican 43,904,153 50.7 489c 52.6 James E. Carter Democratic 35,483,883 41.0 49c John B. Anderson Independent 5,720,060 6.6 0c Ed Clark Libertarian 921,299 1.1 0c 1984 50 Ronald W. Reagan Republican 54,455,075 58.8 525c 53.3 Walter F. Mondale Democratic 37,577,185 40.6 13c 1988 50 George H. W. Bush Republican 48,886,097 53.4 426c 50.1 Michael S. Dukakis Democratic 41,809,074 45.6 111c 1992 50 William J. Clinton Democratic 44,909,326 43.0 370c 55.2 George H. W. Bush Republican 39,103,882 37.4 168c H. Ross Perot Independent 19,741,048 18.9 0c 1996 50 William J. Clinton Democratic 47,402,357 49.2 379c 49.1 Robert J. Dole Republican 39,196,755 40.7 159c H. Ross Perot Reform 8,085,402 8.4 0c Ralph Nader Green 684,902 0.7 0c 2000 50 George W. Bush Republican 50,456,002 47.87 271c 51.21 Al Gore Democratic 50,999,897 48.38 266c Ralph Nader Green 2,882,955 2.74 0c Patrick J. Buchanan Reform/ 448,895 .42 0c Independent

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Presidential Elections (continued)

Number % of Elec- % Voter of Popular Popular toral Partici- Year States Candidates Parties Vote Vote Vote pationa

2004 50 George W. Bush Republican 60,040,610 50.73 286c 56.2 John Kerry Democrat 59,028,439 48.27 251c Ralph Nader Green 463,655 .38 Michael Badnarik Libertarian 397,265 .32

Candidates receiving less than 1 percent of the popular vote have been omitted. Thus the percentage of popular vote given for any election year may not total 100 percent. Before the passage of the Twelfth Amendment in 1804, the Electoral College voted for two presidential candidates; the runner-up became vice president. Before 1824, most presidential electors were chosen by state legislatures, not by popular vote. aPercent of voting-age population casting ballots. bGreeley died shortly after the election; the electors supporting him then divided their votes among minor candidates. cOne elector from West Virginia cast her Electoral College presidential ballot for Lloyd Bentsen, the Democratic Party’s vice-presidential candidate.

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