Ecography ECOG-04386 Fernandes, T

Ecography ECOG-04386 Fernandes, T. and McMeans, B. C. 2019. Coping with the cold: energy storage strategies for surviving winter in freshwater fish. – Ecography doi: 10.1111/ ecog.04386

Supplementary material Appendix 1

Piscivore Planktivore 0,6

0,4

CV lipid 0,2

0 2,2 2,4 2,6 2,8

log(Maximum Body Length)

Figure A. The relationship between seasonal lipid variation (CVlipid) of muscle lipid and body

length in mature, piscivorous and a planktivorous fish. Colors indicate diet (green =

planktivorous, yellow = piscivorous).

Figure B. The seasonal lipid variation (CVlipid; bars) and total length (mm; solid line) of species occupying different trophic positions, as classified by their respective diets. Herbivores and planktivores are depicted in green, and vertebrate predators are depicted in yellow. The species in low trophic positions depicted here have greater body length and CVlipid than the vertebrate predators.

0,8

0,6

0,4 CV LipidCV

0,2

0 Yellow Perch European Walleye Brown Trout Brook Trout Perch

Car Vis Som Mus Liv

Figure C. Differences in seasonal lipid variation (CVlipid) between mature fish lipid depots

(Black – Carcass/whole-body; Orange – Viscera; Green – Soma; Purple – Muscle; Gray – Liver). 1 Table A. Complete details for all literature searches conducted. For Google Scholar returns, only the first 2,000 hits were considered

2 for inclusion in this review.

Searches for literature

Searched Publication Database Search String Number of Hits Comments JSTOR (planktivor* OR benthivor* OR cyprinid* OR piscivor* 4249 Search string OR "predatory fish*" OR Esox OR Stizoste* OR Microp* truncated due to OR Doroso* OR Coregon* OR Salmo OR perch*) length restrictions (season* OR "storag* pattern*") (lipid* OR "prox* comp*" OR energetic*) (fresh$water* OR aquatic) Web of Science (planktivor* OR benthivor* OR cyprinid* OR piscivor* 437 OR “predatory fish*” OR Rutilus OR Abramis OR Esox OR Perca OR Stizostedion OR Micropterus OR Lepomis OR Dorosoma OR Coregonus OR Oncorhynchus OR Salmo OR roach OR bream OR pike OR muskellunge OR perch OR pike$perch OR zander OR sander OR “*mouth bass” OR whitefish OR cisco OR minnow OR “gizzard shad” OR shad OR burbot OR "coldwater fish*" OR "cold?water fish*" OR "warmwater fish*" OR "warm?water fish*" OR "coolwater fish*" OR "cool?water fish*") (season* OR "storage pattern*" OR cycl*) (lipid* OR "prox* comp*" OR energetic*) (lake* OR pond* OR stream* OR river* OR fresh$water* OR aquatic*)

Wiley Online Library (planktivor* OR benthivor* OR cyprinid* OR piscivor* 532 OR “predatory fish*” OR Rutilus OR Abramis OR Esox OR Perca OR Stizostedion OR Micropterus OR Lepomis OR Dorosoma OR Coregonus OR Oncorhynchus OR Salmo OR roach OR bream OR pike OR muskellunge OR perch OR pike$perch OR zander OR sander OR “*mouth bass” OR whitefish OR cisco OR minnow OR “gizzard shad” OR shad OR burbot OR "coldwater fish*" OR "cold?water fish*" OR "warmwater fish*" OR "warm?water fish*" OR "coolwater fish*" OR "cool?water fish*") (season* OR "storage pattern*" OR cycl*) (lipid* OR "prox* comp*" OR energetic*) (lake* OR pond* OR stream* OR river* OR fresh$water* OR aquatic*) BioOne (planktivor* OR benthivor* OR cyprinid* OR piscivor* 277 OR “predatory fish*” OR Rutilus OR Abramis OR Esox OR Perca OR Stizostedion OR Micropterus OR Lepomis OR Dorosoma OR Coregonus OR Oncorhynchus OR Salmo OR roach OR bream OR pike OR muskellunge OR perch OR pike$perch OR zander OR sander OR “*mouth bass” OR whitefish OR cisco OR minnow OR “gizzard shad” OR shad OR burbot OR "coldwater fish*" OR "cold?water fish*" OR "warmwater fish*" OR "warm?water fish*" OR "coolwater fish*" OR "cool?water fish*") (season* OR "storage pattern*" OR cycl*) (lipid* OR "prox* comp*" OR energetic*) (lake* OR pond* OR stream* OR river* OR fresh$water* OR aquatic*) FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture 189 Very restricted Department search string length (fish* season* (lipid* OR energ*)) Directory of Open Access (planktivorous OR benthivorous OR piscivorous OR 222 Very restricted Journals piscivore OR coldwater fish OR cold water fish OR search string warm water fish OR warmwater fish OR coolwater fish allowance, no OR cool water fish) (Season OR storage pattern) (Lipid Boolean operators OR Energy OR Energetics OR Pattern) (Lake OR accepted Freshwater OR Aquatic) Google Scholar (planktivor* OR benthivor* OR cyprinid* OR piscivor* 28 Search string OR Rutilus OR Esox OR Perca OR Stizos* OR truncated due to Micropterus OR Lepomis OR Dorosoma OR Coreg* OR length restrictions Oncorh* OR Salmo) (season* OR "storage pattern*" OR cycl*) (lipid* OR "prox* comp*") (fresh$water* OR aquatic*) Supplementary Searches 18,000 Broad search string used for more general returns; only first 2,000 Google Scholar Freshwater Fish* Season* Lipid* Winter* considered 27,100 Broad search string used for more general returns; only first 2,000 Google Scholar Freshwater Fish* Season* Energy Storage considered 19,500 Broad search string used for more general returns; only first 2,000 Google Scholar Freshwater Fish* Season* Pattern* Lipid Energy considered 3

4 5 Table B. Summary table of available data for each species and population used in this review with their associated source references

6 (NA – length data not available; M – only male data available; F – only female data available; M, F – male and female data available

7 and reported separately; MF – male and female data pooled and averaged by the original authors; Mature – only data for mature fish

8 available; Immature – only data for immature fish available; Immature, Mature – data for both immature and mature fish available;

9 CV – only CV#$%$& was calculated; CV, HL – both CV#$%$& and HL#$%$& were calculated). If Length Data Reference cells are empty,

10 lengths were provided in the originial (Lipid Data Reference) study.

Maximum Average Air Length Thermal Lengths Temperature Data Lipid Data Data Preference Species Site Tissue Sex Maturity Latitude (mm) (oC) Calculated Reference Reference Reference

Alewife (Alosa Lake Michigan, Immature, Flath & Coker et al. pseudoharengus) USA Carcass M, F Mature 43.45 150, 182 6.91 CV Diana (1985) (2001)

Arctic char (Salvelinus Ovre Skarddorsjo, Immature, Finstad et al. Coker et al. alpinus) Norway Soma MF Mature 62.85 125.1, 151.6 1.17 CV, HL (2003) (2001)

Arctic char (Salvelinus Rikardsen & alpinus) Rungavatn, Norway Carcass MF Immature 69.86 200 1.72 CV Elliott (2000)

Arctic cisco (Pollan; Coregonus autumnalis Lough Neagh, Dabrowski Coker et al. pollan) Northern Ireland Muscle M, F Mature 54.48 270.6 9.27 CV, HL (1982) (2001)

Berg & Atlantic salmon River Humla, Bremset Bremset & Coker et al. (Salmo salar) Norway Carcass MF Immature 63.42 126 6.04 CV, HL (1998) Berg (1997) (2001) Black crappie (Poxomis Beuchel et al. Coker et al. nigromaculatus) Buckeye Lake, Ohio Mesentary M, F Mature 39.92 281 10.82 CV (2013) (2001)

Bluegill (Lepomis Beuchel et al. Coker et al. macrochirus) Buckeye Lake, Ohio Mesentary M, F Mature 39.92 232 10.82 CV, HL (2013) (2001)

Bluegill (Lepomis Lake Opinicon, Booth & Coker et al. macrochirus) Ontario Carcass MF Immature 44.55 82 5.53 CV Keast (1986) (2001)

Bluegill (Lepomis Lower Travis Lake, Copeland Coker et al. macrochirus) Virginia Carcass MF Mature 38.15 173 13.26 CV, HL (2004) (2001)

Bluegill (Lepomis Reed's Pond, North Lemly & Coker et al. macrochirus) Carolina Carcass MF Immature 35.96 70 15.15 CV, HL Esch (1984) (2001)

Bluegill (Lepomis Smoot's Pond, Copeland et Copeland Coker et al. macrochirus) Virginia Carcass MF Mature 38.02 214 13.26 CV, HL al. (2008) (2004) (2001)

Brook trout Nelson & (Salvelinus Cherry Run, Carcass, McPherson Coker et al. fontinalis) Pennsylvania Viscera F Mature 40.85 167 9.26 CV, HL (1987) (2001)

Brook trout (Salvelinus Credit River A, Immature, Cunjak Coker et al. fontinalis) Ontario Carcass MF Mature 43.84 127.8, 156 7.19 CV, HL (1988) (2001)

Brook trout (Salvelinus Credit River B, Immature, Cunjak Coker et al. fontinalis) Ontario Carcass MF Mature 43.84 131.4, 162.7 7.19 CV, HL (1988) (2001)

Brook trout Nelson & (Salvelinus Fishing Creek, Carcass, McPherson Coker et al. fontinalis) Pennsylvania Viscera F Mature 41.13 307 9.26 CV, HL (1987) (2001)

Brown trout Credit River, Cunjak Coker et al. (Salmo trutta) Ontario Carcass MF Immature 43.84 155 7.19 CV, HL (1988) (2001)

Brown trout Estenstaddammen, Carcass, Immature, Berg et al. Coker et al. (Salmo trutta) Norway Soma M, F Mature 63.38 273, 304 1.17 CV, HL (2000) (2001)

Brown trout Pazar Rivers, Rize, Kaya & Kaya et al. Coker et al. (Salmo trutta) Turkey Muscle MF Mature 41.03 213.6 15.01 CV, HL Erdem (2009) (2014) (2001)

Berg & Brown trout River Humla, Bremset Bremset & Coker et al. (Salmo trutta) Norway Carcass MF Immature 63.42 163 6.04 CV, HL (1998) Berg (1997) (2001)

Burbot (Lota River Oder, Liver, Holker et al. Coker et al. lota) Germany Muscle MF Immature 53.07 325 9.42 CV, HL (2004) (2001)

Burbot (Lota Windy Lake, Immature, Cott et al. Coker et al. lota) Ontario Liver M, F Mature 46.6 590, 625 4.42 CV, HL (2013) (2001)

Emerald shiner (Notropis Niagara River, New Immature, Osborne Coker et al. atherinoides) York Soma F Mature 42.9 75 9.57 CV (2018) (2001)

European perch (Perca Lake Geneva, Mairesse et Hokanson fluviatilis) France Muscle MF Mature 46.44 168 11.42 CV, HL al. (2006) (1977)

European perch (Perca Lake Windermere, Coker et al. fluviatilis) United Kingdom Soma M Mature 54.38 225 8.12 CV, HL Craig (1977) (2001)

European perch Griffiths & (Perca Lough Neagh, Kirkwood Coker et al. fluviatilis) Northern Ireland Carcass MF Immature 54.59 114.6 9.60 CV, HL (1995) (2001)

European perch Liver, (Perca Meuse River, Muscle, Blanchard et Coker et al. fluviatilis) Belgium Viscera F Mature 50.4 NA 10.53 CV, HL al. (2005) (2001)

European perch (Perca Rhine River, The Mairesse et Coker et al. fluviatilis) Netherlands Muscle MF Mature 51.82 260 10.92 CV, HL al. (2006) (2001)

Gizzard shad Smoot & (Dorosoma Immature, Pierce et al. Findlay Coker et al. cepedianum) Acton Lake, Ohio Carcass MF Mature 39.57 63, 212 12.73 CV (1980) (2010) (2001) Medford & Northern pike Lac Ste. Anne, Liver, MacKay Coker et al. (Esox lucius) Alberta Muscle M, F Mature 53.71 500 2.08 CV, HL (1978) (2001)

Pikeperch Uysal & (Zander; Sander Lake Egirdir, Aksoylar Balik et al. Frisk et al. lucioperca) Turkey Muscle MF Mature 38.06 335 12.62 CV, HL (2005) (2006) (2012)

Carcass, Walleye (Sander Soma, Immature, Henderson et Coker et al. vitreus) Lake Erie, Ontario Viscera M, F Mature 42.25 450.3, 700 10.18 CV, HL al. (1996) (2001)

White crappie (Poxomis Beuchel et al. Coker et al. annularis) Buckeye Lake, Ohio Mesentary M, F Mature 39.92 304 10.82 CV (2013) (2001)

Yellow perch (Perca Allequash and Trout Beuchel et al. Coker et al. flavescens) Lake, Wisconsin Muscle MF Mature 46.05 179.8 4.32 CV, HL (2013) (2001)

Yellow perch (Perca Lac Archambault, Carcass, Immature, Newsome & Coker et al. flavescens) Quebec Soma M, F Mature 46.32 108, 173 4.49 CV Leduc (1975) (2001)

Yellow perch Tanasichuk (Perca Lac Ste. Anne, Soma, Immature, & MacKay Coker et al. flavescens) Alberta Viscera M, F Mature 53.71 74, 130 2.64 CV (1989) (2001)

Yellow perch (Perca Lac Tamaracouta, Carcass, Immature, Newsome & Coker et al. flavescens) Quebec Soma M, F Mature 45.82 110, 158 4.49 CV, HL Leduc (1975) (2001)

Yellow perch (Perca Little Bear Lake, Hayes & Coker et al. flavescens) Michigan Soma M, F Mature 44.932 168 6.35 CV Taylor (1994) (2001)

Yellow perch Nelson & (Perca Wharton Lake, Magnuson Coker et al. flavescens) Wisconsin Muscle MF Mature 46.01 173.8 4.32 CV, HL (1992) (2001)