MFR PAPER 1066
some ABC's of Fo'c'sle Living
A. K. LARSSEN and SIG JAEGER profit. The cost of outfitting a fishing Want to Be a Fisherman? vessel for deepwater fishing is high, and each fisherman is responsi ble for some share of that cost. Thus a fish erma n risks not only his time and his work but also a certain amount So you wa nt to be a commercial packing your sea bag for your first of cold cash each time he goes to sea fi herma n. Or yOU think you do. Be trip to the fishing grounds. in quest of fish. He is a businessman fore yo u make up your mind it Perhaps you have heard or read tall as well as a working ma n . might be well to d o a bit of checking stories about the money being made The fisherman is o n nobody's pay to ee how much yOU know about the in commercial fisheries. Rest assured roll and will not be handed a pay trade you are thinking of making that such stories a re mostl y true. Bi g check o r pay enve lope each Friday you r o~n . money has been earned, is being at quitting time. His earnings are de Commercial fishing is \ery old. 0 earned, a nd will continue to be earned rived directly and proportio natel y one know just how old, but we do by commercial fishermen. Trouble is from his catch of fish and the pri ce kn o ~ that a fellow named Simon, that this big money isn't being passed obtained for same. The ettlement at kn o ~n locally as 'The Big Fisherman," alo ng to a ll the participants. So me the end of th e trip may bring him a a nd later In li fe and in other parts of fis hermen do earn big incomes. Oth large paycheck, a small o ne, or no ne the world as Sai nt Peter. the "Rock," ers earn barely enough for a skimpy at all . He may, indeed, get a bill for operated fis h tng boats and nets o n living because they a re the unlucky his share of the o utfit instead of a the Sea of Galilee some 2,000 year ones, the unfit o nes, victims of a short check . That is called "going in the ago fis hing season. They earn only a pa rt ho le," o r "getting a ho le-bill." This Yes, commercial fishing has been of a living wage a nd must seek the does not happe n very often , but it gO ing o n for a long time. Still , you balance elsewhere. Some may have does happen. may not be too sure of what the terms to accept public help like unemploy A fisherman 's workday can be a "commercial fi shing" and "commer ment compensation . The fisherman's lo ng one by any body's standards. An cial fis herman" really mean in every income is pretty much like the sea 8-hour workday for some commercial day la nguage. Stated as brieAy as from whi ch it is drawn: it ebbs and it fi herme n cannot even be a dream ; possible, a commercial fi sherman is a Aoods like the tide, but not with it i perhaps a n impo sibility. The man who goes to sea a nd catches fish tidal regularity, mind you' fisherman can figure o n being on deck \\ hich he sells to a whole ale fis h from 12 to 18 hours between each One fell ow earned just a few coi ns buyer, ~ h o In turn ell s it to a retail ti me he puts on and removes oi Iski ns short of I, 100 bucks inside a 20-hour fish dealer, \\ ho in his turn sell it to and boots ; there will be occasions workday. This same man, o n another the person ~ ho wants to eat it. when his watch on deck may be even occasion , spent 3 week - 21 solid C hances are t hat you ha \e heard or lo nger. If the deepwater fisherman day - fighting strong winds a nd read stories about the "wild and free manages to sleep 3 to 4 hour out of current, snowsto rms, icc-covered and \\onderful' hfe at sea. May be the 24, he may be d o ing well enough, docks, snarls o n the gear, and more. yOU ha\e heard or read storie from by all thing considered. As payment for hi labors a nd mis gone d ays ahou t the romance of deep A fisherman's " ho me" for the bet eri es, he received a paycheck for water fishtng, of ~restling a li\ing ter part o f each year is a small. three (3) cents-three mall pieces from the sea, and other stories played crowded fo'c'sle shared with several of copper for 3 weeks' hard work. So In the same key. Or perhaps yOU othe r men. He knows but little of the you see, it does Aood , but there is an smelled "romance" In the story about ho me life that shorebound men know ebb. too. the d on figh llng Its \\ ay through chop and love. It has happened that a fish P\ sea ... in a bltndlng snowstorm, its Comme rci al fi hing is a rather com erma n has been so frequentl y and 0 c re\\ of t\\ O straining their eyes to pIe" business, and the tat us of a com lo ng away trom home that his young the utmo ... t through the \\ hirltng snow mercial fisherman is equally complex . est offspring have forgotten what he I ~'r a gllmp ... e of their schooner, and He i a working man who performs looks like, and may only uncertainly ... alct\ Ro mancc') The men \\ ho pulled backbreakingly hard work for unnat accept him as a member o f the famil y thc hl.'a\ \ ~l a ken oa r \\ htle craning urall, long hour . But he is also a when he finally returns to home port. t hCI r hcad ... and start ng tntll the sno\\ man who pool his time, trength, But length of trips vary from a day or stl'rl11 \\ould ha\c another name for it. ~ kill. and a certain a mount of money so to months, depending on the fishery. R~'Il1 2 work; long working hours; uncertain izations) for remaining. These may of the usages he foll ows, hi s li fe-sty le, and hi gh ly variable income; spartan, include the variety of the work. and hi s values. Some parts herein are crowded living qua rters ; long ab the odds against which you pit your repeated a nd rephrased for reasons sences from home. Still , the deep skill and endurance, and the pride of you will come to understa nd. water fisherman goes fishing. Why? a successful hunt. Adventures, yes. After a season or two of fis hing, Perhaps J ohan Bojer, in his book, But adventure generall y arise from rereading this should be a bore be The La.I' of 'he Vi/"iI/8~, gives some ignorance or mi scalculati o n. With ex cause you have absorbed it. But if these an wer. He wrote, "and in the winter perie nce, they will be fewer in number, tips, a mixture of objective facts and (they) ailed hundreds of miles in and probably will be reclass ifi ed in subjecti ve reactio ns, ease you into open boats up to Lofoten, perhaps your mind as hardships. "the club" with a little less friction tempted by ho pe of gain, but too be A ll ri ght. So you still beli eve you and with fewer personal problems, cause on the sea they were free men." would like to become a commercial then they will have served their pur It i a po sible answer: Fee /IIel/. In fisherman. Read o n then, about some pose. depende nt men. I ndeed the fi herma n is usuall y a fiercely independent cu s taking great pride in his independence. He receives no wages. He has no "boss" in a true sense of the word. He has a skipper, yes. but th e kipper is his leader, his commanding officer. But he is not a bos in the way a factory owner or manager is the boss of his workers. The skipper is himself a fisherman. the top fis herman on board and leader of his gang. or c rew, becau e it is his knowledge and skill a nd judgment com bined that. in large measure, deter mine whether a payload of fish comes on board, and determine the succe s or failure of the fi hing trip or fishing season . To the ve ry best of his ability, the skipper "runs" the vessel and the crew toward that end. So he is the boss in the ense of bei ng the leader. He knows what should be done, and when, and gi ves o rders to that effect. Most important. hi s orders must be obeyed without question. A compete nt fis herman may (si le ntl y) disagree with a kipper's decisio n, but he would not refuse to obey an order. A skipper may fire a fi herman for good and sufficient reason. The fis her man, on the other ha nd, may pack hi s sea bag a nd step as ho re at the end of a trip for any reason he may think of, or for no reason at all th at he would care to voice. See why the deepwater fisherman cherishes his status as an independent fellow and wh y men become deep water fishermen? If you stay with th e fi shing industry. you wi ll find wit hin it yo ur own other reasons (or rati o nal- Living in the Fo'c'sle You have made up your mind to become a commercial fisherman that i , to make your living on the water. Fine! A good commercial fish erman is a most useful critter, and your intention. naturally. i to be a f 5 the clothes ha nging from a hook on th e bulkhead or in a clothes locker mu t be secured so they do not swing as the boat rolls, which it does rather con tantly. More than one coat or shirt has been worn threadbare early in its life from rubbing against the bulkhead. S. Your clean, pare clothes be long in your locker, as do your toilet articles, reading/writing matter. cig arettes, gum, candy. and whatever small perso nal items you may pack along. Your personal possession should al 0 include identification, es peciallya naturalization or birth certi ficate as proof of citizenship. This proof is necessary if you re-enter the United States from a foreign port like Canada. a lthough this require ment may be irregularly enforced. Birth certificates can be photocopied in a handy wallet size, plasticized for a dollar or two, and the original of hving needed to survive and prosper. la nyard arou nd your hand' And, do n't kept home in a afe place. For natural There are, In fact. quite a few proce drop the bucket overboard before ization certificates, which may not be dures you must learn; some of the your other hand has secured a good pho tocopied, get a U .S. citizenship usages mentioned here may seem grip in a shroud, a guyline, or ome identification card from the immigra small or petty to you ri ght now. Right o th er dependable anchor. In short, tion station neare t you. you are! They are smal l and petty, stay inside the railings. If the ugly 6. A man' locker is hi s most taken one by one. I n the aggregate. scream of "'man overboard" is ever private territory on board. ever go however, they a mount to this: if you hea rd on board your vessel, let it not into a shipmate's locker to "borrow" follow these usages, you will become be you they are screaming about. a pack of cigarettes or a pair of gloves a dependable and pleasant shipmate, 3. Don't climb shrouds, stays, or or anything at all without first securing e teemed and respected by your fel guylines. Keep out of the rigging en his permission to do so. lows. and your life in the fo 'c'sle will tirely, unless ordered up by the skipper 7. Keep your fo'c'sle clean. In be a pleasant and rewardi ng ex for a valid reason , perhaps to replace a good crew, everyone takes his turn perience If not fo llowed, you wil l a burnt-out lightbulb. to wa h the floor, the benches, the be an undesirable shipmate, one who 4. In the fO 'c'sle, your bunk and table, and the companionway. Wipe is somewhat less than beloved both locker are your o nl y private territory; out the wash basin. Spruce up the In the fO'c'sle and on deck. Y our own the rest of the fo 'c'sle must be shared stove. Keep things in good order. happine s on board wi ll be ... well. equally with your shipmates. Equally On the run . or whi le weatherbound you can figure that one out for your means just that: that all inhabitants in harbor. bedding should occasionally self. Thus. it is in the best interest of are equal and that no one may use. be brought on deck and given a good everyone that buddi ng fis hermen or demand to use, more space than airi ng, weather permi tti ng. learn the rules and live by them. the next. That agai n mean you may 8. The ship's toilet (called the I. Safety first, always. The very not throw your clothes and other head, by some) is a l 0 a part of your first thing you must learn is to keep personal belongings wherever you like. Jiving quarters and must be treated yourself inside the railings of your Somewhere in th e neighborhood of as such. Keep your toilet clean. \esseJ. While under way, don't try your bunk you will have a clothes 9. Be aware that the method of to use the railing fo r a n easychair or hook, perhaps even two, that is your flushing your toilet on board a fis hing a sofa. Do not si t, li e down. or walk very own. That is where your clothes vessel may be quite different from the on the railing! must be placed when undressing for one you are used to ashore. On some ') eed a bucketful of clean sea- the bunk or changing into your going fishing boat there is an electrically "'ater"J Don't ",rap the drawbucket a hore clothes. Keep in mind that driven pump furnishing the water for 6 flushing , but on many others, es On such a boat. the green man does start for home. Your homeward run pecially the older boats, the flushi ng well to foll ow the practices of the will be m ore pl easant for your elf water may be nothi ng more than a rest of the crew. Or ask the cook. and for your sh i pmate as well . part of the engine's raw water piped He is usually th e o ne who will get On some fishing vessels. especiall y through the toilet bowl. This means bawled out by the skipper if the fresh the halibut schooners and some of that there i no flushing water except water tank runs dry before the trip the older sein e-boat types, th e gall ey when the main engine i running. i finished. Even so. there is an abun is located in the fo ·c·sle. I n such a There i a draw bucket. though. for dance of clean seawater close a t hand. fo'c'sle, where your bunk will be onl) use whenever the ma in engine is not tho ugh it is not just as good, no. Still a few feet removed from the stove. running. Be sure to use th at bucket! and a ll . fi hblood. slime. a nd gurry extra neatness and cleanliness (not And to save someone else embarras - can be removed effectively by wash to mention tact) are of the utmost ment. del a) . a nd a frayed temper. in g in cl ean seawater. Ergo, there is importance . if you use the la t of that roll of nece - no need to go into the gall ey or the The cook on a fi hi ng vessel . es sar) paper . .1' 0 11 replace it. fo'c' Ie. or into your bunk, without pecially on a smaller one where the 10 . Keep yourself and your cloth first havi ng removed some 99 per cook must also work on deck, is not cent of the blood and slime and gurry "Iiving the life of Riley." H e has a ing as clean as ~or" and conditions from your hands. a rms, and face . man-size job on hi s ha nds a nd deserves ~ill a ll o~ . Fi h can be pretty mell) critter and that' all ri ght for a fish . When you are o n a long trip and far your consideration and help as your But th ere is no good reason why a from home, and have everal days own work permits. H ere are a fe~ ex amples of what you may do to help: fi herman should smell like a fis h ' running time ahead of you. a sea carry the slop bucket on deck for Man) of the modern fishing vessels water sponge bath helps before you in the king crab fis hery have auto put on a clean union suit when you emptying. washing, and scrubbin g; matic washing machines and clothe dryers on board . With uch labor savers close at hand, a nd free. a fisher man ha no excuse for going ' round in dirty clothes smelling like a spoil ed fish. Keeping Jour own carcas clean at sea is also becoming less and less a problem as more and more new fishi ng vessels install shower stall s on board. Even so, u e no more water than necessary. I I. Becau e of the lo ng irregular ho urs a nd the hurry to get to bed. many fishermen tend to forget the regular habits of cleanliness. Most noticea ble among such personal mat ter is neglect of the teeth . An old jam jar is a good container in which to keep tooth brush and toothpaste. Take a jar full of water out o n deck for at lea t one dail y brushin g. For face and arms a wash cl o th does a better scrub job th an the hands-onl y process. On board th e older a nd the small er fi shing boats es pecially, the fresh water tank is all too often pitifully ", small . and the supply of fresh water is •. p.... 1 not adeq uate according to shoreside . _,f:' standards. othing much can be done about th at except learn to li ve with V;;·" it. That is, learn to use fresh water with great care. / '~\. ,/~ )! / .~.'" . } .... '<:'~"':.'~ ;, ... f~ -.~. /.:. .' ~.: .i' ! 3 - ~,'.: ! .j~ • L-____~ ______~ ______! ! --~;~I ------~- Glossary Belay: To secure or make fast a line. In Expenses: Costs of the tri p, such as fuel, gro line. 2. The hangings: the distance apart , frequently used in the fishi ng industry. ceries (grub), ice, bait, lost or con which can be measured in inches or Belaying pin: A pin about a foot or more m demned gear, filters, etc. In di fferent fis h number of mes hes. length, set in the shrouds onto which eries expenses are va riously classified as H ead: The toil et on board a ship. On fi sh running rigging is hung or belayed m gross stock expenses, boat expenses, and ing boats it is usual ly referred to as the coils. crew expenses. (See Share system.) toilet. Bilge: Area next to keel, under the engine H eadrope: Top line on a trawl that roughl y or m the fishhold where waste water and corresponds to the cork line on a purse oil accumulates. Some bilges have a sump seine, except that the fl oats are metal, at theIr lowest pomt from which the bilge Fairlead: Usually a si ngle sheave block or plasti c, or even glass, and heavily built pump draws when pumping out the wheel around which a line is passed so to withstand the great pressures of deep bilges. (See SLImp.) that it may lead fair to the next point, water . The fl oats hold the mouth of a Bilge pump: Centrifugal or displacement i.e., a line hauled from overside may trawl open (vertically) so it catches fis h type pumps used to pump the vanous come up to a fa irlead at the rail, turn as it is towed. bilges dry at regular intervals. Most such 90° vertically there and cross the deck Hole bill: This is the bill , or deficit , when waste water is pumped overboard, al to another fairlead, where a 90 ° hori gross earnings for a trip are less than the though environmental regulations now pro zontal turn is made to lead the line into total expenses. hibit discharge of oils. a winch drum. Ho me run: The journey from the fis hing Bilge alarms: An alarm system that, through Fender: Used to prevent the hull of the boat grounds to the home port. floats and sensors in the bilge, informs the from rubbing against a pi li ng, float , or an skipper or engineer when bilge water other boat. Some fenders may be air bags, should be pumped out. Alarm may be old tires, wood battens, which are hung Iron Mike: Term generall y used when re both sonic and visual, combining bell, overside from the rail to fend away horn, or SIren with flashing or continuous ferring to the auto-pilot, an electrical from the piling, float, or boat. Another device that automaticall y steers a vessel lights or lights that change color. type of fender built onto the boat. is Boat puller: The crewman on a salmon or on a given course. called a guard. Fender pilings of course Kink: 1. A sharp bend in a line or cable, albacore troller. describe their function. (See Guards.) Boat share: See Share system. usuall y caused by the line bei ng improp Fending off: Pushing on boat or dock to erl y coiled . 2. A short nap. Block: A wood or metal frame containing keep the boat from bumping. one or more sheaves (pulleys) over which K not: l. A configu ration of a line when it is Fo'c'sle: Contraction of fo recastle. Living tied into another line or into itself. 2. running rigging (lines) are rove (pulled quarters, located in the bow of the boat. over). Blocks may be secured with a hook An expression of a vessel's speed (not Living quarters in the stern are usually distance). A nautical mile is 6,080 feet, or shackle to masts, booms, or shrouds, termed the cabin. m order to Increase the leverage to hoist and a vessel traveling 10 nautical miles Footrope: Bottom line on a trawl; corres m one hour is proceeding at the rate heavy equipment, fishing gear, booms, etc. ponds to the leadline on a seine. Single blocks have one sheave; double of 10 knots. blocks two sheaves, etc. The more sheaves in a block, the more leverage is secured. Bumper: Landlubberish term for fender. (See Fender.) Galley: A vessel's kitchen. May be com Lanyard: A short length of li ght line used to Buoy lines: Lmes which lead from the fis hing bined on older and small er fis hmg boats fasten down equipment, o r used as a han gear to surface floats. with the sleeping quarters and located in dle extension, i.e., tied to a bucket bail the fO 'c'sle the cabin, or in a deck house. or a be ll clapper. (See Halyard.) Gear: Implements used for catching fis h or Lay: I. A more formal term used for the Chance: A Job, or a comtrutment for a job a general term for any auxi liary equip share system. (See Share system.) 2. The on a fishing boat. Northwest fishermen ment used on deck. lay of a line is the system of reverse t wist look for a challce; Northeast coast fish Going-in-the-Hole: Having to pay the trip's ing of fibers to form twines, then strands ermen look for a Slle. bills out-of-pocket because income from and fi nally a rope or line. A line with a Chier: The engineer. The man responsible t he trip was insufficient to pay expenses. lay to it tends to kink mo re easily than for care of engines and deck machinery. (See Hole bil/.) a line that is braided , though each has Cleat: Usually a T-shaped form fastened to Grossing or Gross Stock: Total amount of its own special application. the deck. mast or rail, to which lines are money earned by the boat and crew Lead line: Bottom line of a purse seine or ecured. A deck cleat is fa tened to the from the fis h or other services. gi ll net which is weighted either with deck, dIstinguishing it from a mast cleat Gross stock expenses: Bills levied against lead sinkers or with internal lead threads. or rail cleat. the total doll ars earned . (See Share Lee tack: A slang expression from sailing Companiom\ay: Passage from the weather systelll .) days to describe the wal king progress of deck to lower deck spaces, such as the Gurry: Combination of fis h slime, blood, a man with several too many drinks. fO'c'sle or the engme room. and visceral fluids that spill while dress Line puller or hauler: Usually a mechanical Cork lin e: The top line of a floating net to ing fish . Also the "soup" sometimes found ly dri ve n wheel or sheave with a sharp which floats are secured . Corresponds to m fi hhold bilges-a combination of V -groove in the edge, which holds the the head rope of a bottom trawl. water and fish wastes descri bed. line by fri ction as it is hauled . A long Cre" ex pen es Those expenses of the trip Guards: Fenders built onto the hull of the lining gurdy and a crab pot hauler both whIch, m the share system, are charged boat. Heavy timbers or pipes attached u e this method of hauling lines. Others to the crew only. ( ee Share systelll.) to the hull to prevent chafing against the may use wi nch drums for primary hauling Cre" share: That amount of the gross dock or another vessel. power. . stock whIch belongs to the crew according Gypsyhead: A metal drum with a smooth Lo ngliner: Common term used to descnbe to the hare system used. Also call ed the concave surface, usually mounted on a a fis hing boat (or a member of its crew) lay ( ec U/.I and Share s),stem.) winch. Several wraps of line around the which uses longlines to catch fish. Such Cros.,ing The transverse division in the fish gy p y provides enough friction while it lines are very long, with branch lines hold extendIng from one SIde of the hull is turning to raise heavy loads smoothly attached whi ch have baited hooks for to the ot her. because the line slips and is easily con catching fis h. Longlines may be weighted trolled like the friction on a clutch plate. and sink to the bottom to catch such fis h Delegate: A crewman elected by hi hip- as hal ibut or black cod , or fl oat on or mate, to be theIr spokeman and to near the surface to catc h tuna or sword repre,ent theIr mterests when settlement fis h. Clre made HI functIon is SImilar to that Halyard: Also hal/lOrd. A li ne running 01 the ,hop 'te" ard ashore through a block or eye for hoi ti ng sails, Masthead: Top of the mas t. Also used to Ora" bucket bucket" Ith a lanyard fl ags, etc. (See ulIlyard.) describe the li ght on the upper part of knotted or ,phced to the handle, or bail, H anging: I. To fa te n or ew lines onto the mast; the masthead li ght is on the Clnd used on deck for talong up eawater. web, nets. The net hang from the cork forward u pper part of the mast, whil e 8 the range light is at the very top of the Share system: Sometimes called the lav. As pboom. hull and extendIng to near the mast top, barrel is turned, the rods move toward Antonym fi,ed rll(l?llll? or lIalldlllll ri~- and kept taut with turnbuckles. The each other in ide the barrel. The other 1111111. such as shrouds and stays. shrouds keep the mast tran ver ely braced ends of the rods are shackled to a stay Running sea: Swells. waves. or breakers o that It may remaIn upright and bear or shroud and to the hull, so that the built up by a wind of some magrutude and loads for lifting. (See Stal.) movement serves to tighten (or loosen) persl tence. Also. a ea runrung. Side pens: Compartments formed o n each rigging tension as needed. Side of the fish hold when the fish hold i penned up. Sometimes called \\' /II g pells. In cross section they are roughly the Underway: Yes el in forward motion, run Settling up: The process of totaling the shape of a quarter circle, th e rounded ning, steaming. bills and compullng the shares ot profit portion being the turn or curve of the or 10 s for a trip or trips. The resulting bilge. balance sheet is the settlement which Site: A job or commitment for a job on a Warps: The cables that lead from the winch apporllons the share to each man and the fishmg boat (East coast usage) . (See es on a trawler to each side of the trawl vessel accordmg to the agreed formula. Chalice.) and transmit the towing power from boat Generally called the share system. but of Skin: Plankjng, both inSide and outside the to trawl. ten referred to as the 10,1 by economists. ribs of heavily built wooden fishing boats. Whip: A kind of tackle used for lifting Settlement: The balance sheet resulting from These are the "outside" or " inside" kin. with only one block which. therefore. does settling up. (See Sel/lIllfi lip.) Slaughterhouse: Square hold compartments not give extra leverage. A whip rove Shaft alley: A tunnel built around the pro along the fishing boat's center line, over through a single block overhead lifts a peller shaft from the engi ne room to the the keel area between the port and star weight only equal to the irutial pull. stern bearing on large vessels and large board Side pens. Wing pens: (See Side p ells.) enough for a man to enter for servicing Slop bucket: A bucket (or can) for galley Wristlets: A cloth tube worn on the arms the bearings. wastes. by some fishermen usually extending from Shaft box: A box built around the propeller Sou'wester: A wide brimmed, watertight oil the elbow down over the wrists, with the shaft from the engine room bulkhead hat for foul weather wear. lower end having a thumb loop to hold through the fish hold to the stern bear Spring lines: Tieup (mooring) lines used in it in place. Upper end is usually fastened ing. The shaft box is large enough to addition to the bow and stern hnes at a with safety pins to the cutoff shirt accommodate the shaft and the bearings dock, float, or alo ngside another vessel. sleeves. Wristlets (or wristers) keep lower only. and in the case of vessels with live The spring lines extend from the boat arms warm. Fish slime and blood are holding tanks, the shaft box will be sealed to the dock nearly parallel with the vessel more easily washed out of the wristlets water tight. Boats with main engines in and prevent her surging fore and aft in a than the arms of the shirt. Other fisher the stern do not generally need shaft trong wind or tide. A spring line run rung men wear gauntlets of oilcloth or plastic, boxes because the propeller shaft (or aft from the bow will prevent surging for extending from above the elbow to the tail shaft) enters the stern tube directly ward and vice versa. wrist. with each end of the tube having from the engine room without passing Standing rigging: Cables or lines used as a rubber cord inside to hold it snugly th rough a fish hold. fixed stays or shrouds to hold masts in on the arm . 9 lake ruo f mal 0r olha fL)'c' Ie june,) i a I e~ i ne\.pensi Ie com arguments should be aloided. If you tl f <;l\Cnn", on oed,. \\.1 h and modltl, (\ be courteous' Ir cosr not are taking part in uch a discussion ,-fUO Ihem. ,!nO hilng Ihem up 10 a penn~ 10 ' a~ "rhank ) ou" when and notice that one of your shipmates dn hclp \ a h Ihe 01 hc : ano dre the coo\... perform~ ome small senice begin to be emotionall) srirred. ease .md ITlm Ihe ft h I hc COL)\... \\ an t 10 for) ou. or "Ilouid you plea e" when up! Take a rrip out on deck. grab a 0.1 t)r dInnt.:r Olhen\ I e ta~ OU r )OU a \... him to perform uch a senice. magazine. and srart reading. or crawl r Iht.: \\ .1\ \1 hcn ht.: I I.' ",,\...I ng The ,,'urce l,f hot \\ ater for that into )our bunk. Do \\hate\,er is I he . mug·up·· I a oet\\een-meal ,hale (if) ou don't hale a batrer) necessar) to stop rhar calm discus (;.1 len \\hen Illa' ilc ,and\\lche l) perated \haler) ma) nor be a self sion from becoming an emotion-tilled arc omdlmt.: outlt !"rl'm a lanel) replenl hlng tan\.... but a large \...ettic argument. The~ are bad business in I mc,lt .tu agc . and l)ther gl'odle, o n the '1OIe. L.:~e \\hat yOU need. but rhe fo·c·sle. Again. be courteous. thilt .He ill\l") dlailaolc in gl)od replace th e \\ ater ) ou'\,e used a a 13 . D1n't be a smart alec\.... or a qUdnllt\ Jnd quallt) l'n m ),t Ii hing coune,y to Ihe cook and) our ship \...no\\-ir-all. No one knows it all. and 00at Hut thl Can .II,,' oe the ource mate \\ ho \\ III \\ ant hot \\ ater ne'd. "thar i a fac· ... to borrow a phra e It proolclll fllr .I ·gret.:n horn·· (l)r from Erskine Cald\\ell. Don't be a In-ore,I\...<:r' the fir t timc he goe, on "sea-la\1 yer"-rhe fello~ \1 ho can " tTlP "pur things ro righrs." because he \Ita thelt "mug-up.' oe ,ure to "knows the lall. by golly!" in any \\.1 h ,md pUI a\\dl )l)Ur cup and and a ll situations. Though he ma) nur knlfL l'r \\ h,lt<:\ er tL)l)l, ) ou rhink he \...nO\\s. he \\ouldn't do )OU 111.1\ "a\L u t.:o T hJt al'l' mean, much good in a court of la\\. r<:pll In' the 10 ,'n that Jam }H and 14. Don'r be a "pilothouse rat." pUllin' 1\ bdL\... In II place. LInk" a carrier of tales between the pilot rhen: atl fddl,'n In gctting chc\led house a nd the fo'c' Ie or deck. be ut 0\ " ,1\ ,Ige Clll)\... oecau, e the t~een the skipper and rhe cre~. A dr roll 1ft the lahle ,md ptll \\ hen tired and 01 erworked man (\\ hether Ih bOdl hea\e . It I' unednn~ h,,,, in the pilothou e or on dec\...) may qUICk \ ,I 'lldn le,lrn nl)t tl) leal e a be e\.ceedingl) irritable. He may. up or lar Ulldlll.'ndc'd "11 the table under tr) ing circumstances. sa) II ords 'lUI'" dc,tIl up the 'llC' hlm,elt that are somewhat less than compli It I (WI "11 e.1 \ hdhll tl' dCljulre. mentar) to the s\"'ipper or to hi l:11 \ ur Ille h.l, til date. bcen lessel-\Iords that he does not really p III I h lrl.. \\ her the C',!"!..:C cup mean an<..l which he ~ecretl) regrets I 1\ In pl.lLc '1' 11.11 Ic'r \\ h('r(' I l)U haling uttered. uch \\ord.., ~hoLlI<..l d II d, n On the run to and from the fi,hing not be carrie<..l to rhe pilothou~e (or grllund,. or \\ hen il nchored up in a frlm pilothou\e to fo'c\1e or dec\...). harb,)r. ml),t of the cre\\ \\ ill be in The ,ame goe~ for rumor, or gos,ip. I.'hl,II thl.' fl) 'c\1c nw,t of the time. If the The men \\ho do ,>uch cart)ing. tllll<: tll thc' II hln);! g.t1kl " al'l' In the fo·c\1e. h.eep rumornlOngenng. and gO"lping arc IIJ.IlI.'d I hl \,In he ,)ut l)1 the Cl)O\...\ 11.1) Ilhile he i, called pilothou,e rab. an<..l the) arc .1 't UILI.' ,'I '1.'.1- prep,m ng \l)U r ne'\t meal . I I' ) OLI abundanti) de~ef\ ing or that name. haIL ,\ 1..,lrd game gOing or If yl)U are Let It be note<..l. in all lairne,",. that U Ing thl.' galle) table ,h a \\ filing there ore nor man) ,>uch in thc lI..,h dl' h. \...l'C'p.ln el e ,'n the C'"'\... \ pr"g In g tket.... l et It be turther noted Ie ,\\ld de,1I \ ,)ur ,tult all a\ II hen that mo,t ,I,. Irper, do not en.!o) hUIIIlg hl' I' rl',ldl t,l ,el the tahle In ,hl)rt ,uch an animal on boar<..l and \\ ill g ill' the e,"'\... ,III the hdp )l'l\ can. not dream of ,hipping one. II the\ dlll.'Llh ,Ind Indlreeth. \\hethcr the \...r1ll\\ Ihe ,c,)re g,d!.:1 1"C,lIl'd In thL' Il'l' ,Ie ,'r l'i Don t be a cr\ holh\. r here " lin kck nn need tl) tell \our rdrtnel pr tht.: 12 Lin, men h.lle '>tfllng Iccl - re,t "I ) lur ,hlrmdle, h(\\\ \..'ful'll\ IIlC "11 1,(n,lU, ,ubJe~h ,uch.1 rdl \ 10 There was the fisherman who suf load of fish-but minus a paycheck would have been friends. fered an acute attack of arthritis in -such a fisherman would catch a 17. You have no doubt been taught both hand at the beginning of what bit of well deserved hell from hi s man ners- that is, certain accepted proved to be a long and dirty-weathe r wife a nd his creditors, which led him modes of behavior in your association halibut trip. Every joint in hi s ha nds to develop some ha rd feelings against wit h other H Olllo sapiells. Do not swelled completely out of shape and the shipmate, or mates, w ho had leave your manners behi nd when you all during the 9 days of fishin g a nd won hi s money. Sometimes enmity go o n board your fis hing vessel. Bring for several days of the ho me run, a rose between men who othe rwise them wi th you, because in the cramped he could neither button the fl y of his pants, no r use knife and fork a t the table. He couldn't bend hi s fingers enough to grasp such slender tools. His pain must have been excruci ating, but he never did mention it. not one word. Moreover. he never missed a watch o n deck, and he performed hi s fu ll hare of the work with a pa ir of hands that looked like defo rmed bear claws. All was done without a word of complaint. Hi shipmates admired him sil ently. To give voice to their admiration would have been too em barra si ng for both parties. 16. Avoid gambling o n board the fis hing vessel. A friendly (or even a well heated) card ga me just for the fun of winning can be a relaxin g a nd pl easant pastime o n a lo ng run , or o n harbor days. When big m oney comes into the game, however, the relaxed atmosphere wi ll change, slowly but steadil y, to an atmosphere of tension that grows In proportion to the money in vested. Many years ago, in the days of the "smoke-boats" (t he halibut steamers), ga mbling o n board ship was not o nl y common, it became a plague and a curse. On the lo ng runs from Seattle (or Vancouver, B.C.) to the A laska fis hing grounds a nd back to ho me port again , there was plenty of spa re ti me, and a poker or blackjack or rummy game was in progress for days o n end. Some men became so enamored with the game that they didn't have time to take their turn at the wheel; they hired and paid a non-gambling shipmate to perform that duty for th em . The inevitable result was, of course, that many a fisherman gambled away hi s share of the trip e,ve n before the fish had been sold . Coming ho me fr om a month-long trip with a full 4uarlcr of fo'c Ie a nu galle) good be sure to eat yourself be fo re the manner\ a re neeueu e \ en m o re than man on the o utside its do \\ n . Othe r thL \ are neeueu a~ h o r e 1f t here i~ \\ ise. he m ust get up a nd o ut to let il hil\ l-ct of toa,t or hreau on the ) o u into ) o u r seat. A s m all. pelt) tahle ulln't get Into the ha hlt of fin thi ng') Y o u may thinl- o . pe rh a ps. gen ng \C \ Lral pieces hefore ) o u ta ke but you \\ o ul d cha nge your thinking onc (h\l\\e\er. It I'> ac e ptahle a nu oon enough if) o u ha ppe ned to be pcrceptl\e to tal-e the <,eco nu slice the ma n on the o utside eat a nd d()\\n In the hreau\tacl- . the top sli ce always had to get up in o rde r to I u\uall) urieu out II th e hreau h a ~ let in a peren niall y late shipmate . hecn on thL tahle for a\\ hi k). On o th er boats you m ay sit w he re \ e r I,' On ,ome hoat<, . each m a n has you IiI- e. e'\ce pt in th e skippe r 's seat. hl\ Il\eu place at the tahle, If ) o ur \\h ich no o ne else m ay occupy. It pldce happen'> to he o n the bench ma) be at eithe r e nd o f the ta bl e up agaln\t the hu ll-h ead be hind the r in some ot he r po t fro m which he tahlc, or Hlur "eat ha ppen to be may get up h urriedly a nd out o n In the miuuk oj th e be nch \~ ith o ne dec l- if occa ion dem a nds it , witho ut Illan or Ilwre on each "Ide o f you. di turbing the rest of th e ta bl e , 19. The impo rt ance o f ob'> ervin g 111 the pil oth ouw. heedu'>e th"t \1111 good manner'>. eo urt e~y . and com bring a ,>outhl\ e,1 ,I ll rm <1 l cr I llU I mon decency on board the f1'> hin g head . Don 't brJl1 g a hlaL k '> llI tcd'>e ve ,>,> el cann ot be overempha,iLe d. AmI on board a fhhlng h"at Had lu ck one of th e import ant it em '> in thi ., ga lore 'viII be the rt''> ull Ill' ,>u eh 111(\1- krl'n~l''> hl'l\ll',n .1 !l.lhll .1 r lu I ca tegory is habits o f ~ p eec h . Rough hardine'>'>-a'> bad a'> II )oU \l cre tIl anJ .J '>lIrl'1 11111111 111.1\ f language IS not exactl y ,> tand a rd brea k a mirror. alth l1 ugh not 4l1 1tc degree. \I helhel II I (lur r II , peech on board fl'> hing ves,>e l ~ . but a, bad a '> if )OU brlll g an ul11h rell a l3ccau'>c Ihel .Ill' 01111, .1 rn du I it cann ot be '>a id to be a novelty. on board ,>h lp. That\ th t' l er) la '>l c nll111"n Ihdn re.1 l'l1 till:' \\111 Ihu eith er. So me men u'>e ~ u c h language ~ tr aw. and a nythin g I'> liabl e to happen tore he delcnded Illl Il' III >I I ~ impl y because th ey lack a w ffl cient vocabul ary; o th e r ~. es pecia ll y yo un g sters. adopt th e rough language in an attempt to sound tough, like what th ey beli eve an old "sea-dog" shoul d sound . Rough. earth y words are part of our language. and th ey have th eir uses . cert a inl y. All th at habitual use of suc h language will do for you when as hore, is to stamp yo u as bein g ill -ma nnered, alm os t but not quite ci vili zed . Your s hipmates will not take offense. but th e e habit . a we all know. are easy to get into and ha rd to get out of. ::: 0. While speaking of ma nners, and of words. let' s have a quic k look at some words th at may never be pro noun ced o n boa rd some fis hing ves sels. and a few oth er super titio ns. Not th at all fi shermen are supersti tious. So me are not. a nd the kind a nd number va ry fr om boat to boat. and fr om fi shery to fI ' hery. Some super stiti ons are so old , and so \\ ell in grained. th at to argue ove r th em won't al te l' anyth i ng bu t te mpers. Some. too. have a practi cal bas is on the boa t. or used to . There are forbidde n \\ ord::. that no one may utter. on deck o r in fo 'c'sle: "ho rse. " "pi g." "hog." They are taboo. ccording to an old a nd \\ ell e'>tab Ii,hed superSlili on. th e mere mcntilln llf th ose animab i, e nough Il1 bring had \1 cather. pOl)r fi'hing. , narl ll n gea r. a lin e In th e propeller. or am llther trouhl e )OU care to mentilln . It i, deemed Il1 he \ er) bad m,\Ilner" If Il l1 t II or,e. to \ nice the,e unmell tl ll ll ahic n,lme, . Dll l1 't tu rl1 the hatch (l)ler up'IJe d l1 \l 1l . Such (arelc" llc, \\111 urt'l) hn ng cnglile trl)ullc D,l l1 't \I 11I,(1c Your Outfit You a re g,llng t,l ~ea .I~ " 11I11 - " h,lllnd t" g l\e \" 1I .1 \\ L' I 'ledll1g I< 1I hhel hlllll h, ulll be I.1r'l,; tlille tl~herm.ln \\hILh me.ln~ th,ll ~",l l1 el ,II' 1,lll.' 1 enoll'h III .dlo\\ ,II I' 10 Ircul.IIC yOlI are gOing t,l ,ea t,l II\e ,I~ \\L'II \ nlllll' d el.'I' ~l''' Ihhl'll1ll'n , Ih~ .Ilound \ ur kcl I \ en a mall a to \\ or" 1 i\ Ing ,In a b,I.1l " In ,111l:-I'II.:l:e """l 'lInl,'n ~lllt ' IS "111 - .lmUlIllI II CIlClIl.1lln· Jlr \\111 011111- e\eral re~pech \en dilkfl.'l1t Irllill Illllnh \\\11'11 .titllllllgh 111.111\ 111\:11 lillIe Ihe ndlllr,s1 rubh\:r bo I n- Il\lng a~hore ne III the thing \llll prekl thL t \" pll'lL' O ne plell' "I JI,;II .111 n t \\ colen need fllr \ lI cce~~llIl Ii\ Ing ,tlhldt I~ t\\lI' ,I 111,lltl:I , "Ilh leI 11 hl: """I nc \\ orn UI IJe special clothll1g "hlch Illa\ dilkl .I ) ,IUI Ihhlllg hilt "Ild "ur II 11111' In Ide great deal frolll the gMb \ llll lI~e trl'U'<.'I' p.lllt 111 the \l:IIt.llUI.1I III Ihe a\hore the II hl:frll.ln ,d" ~hllUld he "'" tell 1,;' mhlll.111 n h,J\e lIon \\hcn Ir 10' h a nce are that \llll ha\e ne\er I "hl:II1l~1l gl:lll'l.dl\ LUt thl: hlrt I he h t m.l\ be l:llhl,;r been hL a lth -cll n\elllu~ that \ llll h.i\ e ~lel'\l: "II .lh"lIt h.d"\.I) hL,t\\l:en th\: lull-kn 'Ih ne\er ~ e L n .In) partlLulM re.i',ln Illr 1'Ih,'\\ .lIld the 11"'llt end, I thL' 11ft tal-Ing c are 0 1 \our health lid, Cdre 1 h.lt cut Ihluld he e \c I {<.;rL I~ qUil L n e e~ an at e.1 h,\\\e\er tltchl'd l \\Ith \\"lllen .Im Il prl: n I e,1 II\ beca u\e a el)J)Hllerclal li~herrll.ln e,w't \ellll'ol\l'llng I) ct lilt call hl~ d oct,) r or ~end ..t hll\ up tIl \ \\ n Ikl " d "nlllL'd \\ (II r Lan h" Illr.lrdtl\e the drug,tore He C.1I1 ·t JUq call the n Illn lube \\ Ilh " IlIlrl , narr,)\\ an emer l: nq dnJ o ffice a nd a nnLlunLe. " I \\lln 't hl: In th u m h t r.lp e\\ n ,Inlll nc l'nd I L I pI.' m I II cd to d a ) G o t a na\t\ L,)ld u,llng tLI The \\ n~llel..1 IndlC,lled b\ It namc "I e mcn prd\:r thl: lull-kn:th ~t a \ In hed all da) . L) ~Ir , the I~ Ill.ld.:- III prllleCI \, ur \ n I .Ind h\ II I thl.' 1\ pI.: II I.'d h\ ledhe d thherma n mu,t go on dl:L" and at 1\lrearm 1 hl' \m.tlll'r "penln.! 111 n~ II hern1\: n I h~ L' h, I dr" h:hl dnd tend to the bU~lne\, 1)1 getling a tnp end III Ihe ha~e 01 \ pur Ihumh, Ihe L'd \ 10 P,IL " drl)Und T h~\ drL 10 u- o f fi h on board. cnld or no cold. 1,lrger ,Inc Ihe rL' I "I \\ ur h.llld 1.lled 11,11ll thL' ,1I1"le d \ n ",nd arL' Therefore. he mu t d,) h" be\t III aln1l1 I d\l\\ n 1\1 the "nuL"1e I he \\",rlll ell\lugh \l Ih.11 \\ll\lkn prevent tha t c o ld Irolll gellmg ,tarted hLld\ \11 the \\ fI ~ llel I pulled up \l\er ",nd hlhlllL'1 .trl.' nIH nLeJeJ -\ Ihln And thiS IS \\ h) ) ou need ,peclal \ )ur I,lrearm and p.lrt ,II \l'ur hlrt Inner , 14 thi~ gl\es greater freedom around the wai t. Boot t~pe v'vill var) con ~iderabl) according to the t) pe of \\orh.. ~ea conditions. and 0 forth . In hore fishermen ma~ use onl~ h.nee length boots. ote V\ hat is the most used boot on your \es el as a guide. In the off hore fisher~. heavy duty. three-quarter-Iength boots seem mo~t ...... - popular. The) are stiff enough to ~•. • _ -"I! remain e"\tended v\ithout having to be ~u pended from a belt. and they e"\tend onl) half\\a) up bet\\een the h.nee and the hi p. although hea \) - '. dutle are al~o available in full hip .' bOOb. The) are eon\enient to gct on and off. \\ hlch ma) pa) di\ idends if the) mu t be discarded in an emer genc) . lih.e after falling overboard. Oilsh.l n ral ngcar. shore people call ·em . ot \0 In the fishing ftCCh . \\ here we stdl U\C the traditional name. oilsh.ins . although modern oil sh.ln~ have nothing at all to do with ) oil . The word I a relic of thc old days "hen od-~oah.ed cotton cloth was the material used . There are any number of brands and qualities of oil h.ins to bc had: all-rubber. rubberized. 'vin) I-coated. and 0 forth . The 'vinll-coatcd t) pcs are c"\cellent. rcsistant as thcy are to oil, grease. acid. and chcmicals. Oilsh.ins come in \everal color~ : ycl low. black. gray . grccn. etc. Be ~urc that thc oilsh.in .1 (Iii buy are bright yellow. That bright color might save your life one night if you should go overboard. It also h.ecps yOU visible on a darh. deck. Oilsh.in pants worn outsidc the boots may bind at th e knces. Pulling up oilski n pants several inches a nd deep-sea fisherman, a is an inner-tube that when sitting on it, your bottom putting a heavy-duty rubber band mending kit fo r repairin g boots. If just touches the bunk boards. There around the pants leg gives needed you are an habitual user of cigarettes. fore. when lying down, the mattress freedom and may prevent the boot ca ndy, o r chewing gum , be sure that will support all your body contours. from being filled when an extra large you take alo ng a n adequate suppl y It is very convenient to deflate. roll breaker comes aboa rd. of these it e ms. up, and put in your sea bag when What and how much to buy'? Here I f you u e cigarette and t he boat movin g ashore or to another boat. a list. as a general guide. Items opera tes at sea outside the 3-mile Be certain that you have a patching will vary, depending on the fishery: territorial limit, sea stores may be kit. Punctures from chafing and 2 ets underwear purchased by the skipper through nailhead In the bunk cause air 2 fishing hirt th e custom hou e. Liquor is a l 0 leaks. ometimes at awkward times. 2 pair fi hing pants avai lable if the skipper so choo es, The likelihood of ai r leak increases 2 pair wristlets but not all do. Sea store are tax with the age and quality of the 2 pair socks free, a nd the e cigarette a nd liquor mattress. I pair deck slippers co t about ha lf sho reside prices. In a foam rubber mattre s hard 2 pair bootlet The e item must be kept locked up ness is constant. It may be rolled 2 pair oi l pants (one should have in town , cannot be taken a hore, up for tran po rt , but will fill the sea a spare pair of pants on board') a nd mu t be consumed at sea. Heavy bag and then o me . It will not deflate. I oi l jacket fines and removal of th e sea tore Its useful life is virtually indefi nite I pai r boots privilege can be the con equence of o choose with care. It will be man, I sou ·wester. if no hood on the violations. A k your skipper about years before you must buy another oil jacket. this. Many buy the cigarettes, but one. It requires no other maintenance It is not a good idea to look for other do not permit liquor aboard than to keep it clean. Cost may be bargains when you go out to buy while at sea. hi gher than for a n air mattre . but your fi rst outfit of fishing clothes. Gloves should be bought according thi com pari on may depend on Such bargains can turn out to be to need. w hich depends upon what the quality of a ir mattre you have costl y indeed ! The pro per place to ki nd of fis hery you are goi ng into. in mind. get your outfit is at a fishermen ' T he clerk in the outfi tti ng store will Foam rubber pillow are pre- out fi ttin g tore. Such sto res carryall give you good advice here. If you ferred by many fishermen. They do the stuff you need : their clerks are are enteri ng th e trawl fis hery where not ball up or form lumps and hard trained men, professionals who know you must ha ndl e used or old wire ness is constant. Bedsheets are not your needs even better than you do rope, be ure to get a pair of good. generally used on board fishi ng boats. yourself, a nd who a re ready and will heavy leather gloves for wire rope Blankets. yes. if you prefer them . in g to give you ound advice . Also, work . A sleeping bag with two or more an outfitt ing store will let you have On a lo ngline vessel you must washable liners is, however, by far your outfit o n credit if you should furnish yo ur own hook-set. a rather the easiest and most practical bedding. need it. simple tool used for bringing a bent Be aware that what is here being If the boat o n which you have fishhook back into its pro per shape. said a bout proper fi hing clothes shipped trades at the store, your Befo re leavin g o n your first trip, ask does not hold true for the summer store bill wi ll be deducted from your one of the gang to show you how fi herman. such as the seine and/ check at the time of settlement. If to ma ke one. You'll also have to or gi ll net fis herman operating on not. it wi ll be to your advantage to buy yourself a splicer. a small wooden inside water , such as in Puget Sound pay your store bill promptly upon handled ma rlinspi ke u ed for "stick or southea tern Alaska. For summer receiving your check. One of the ing gear. " and for splicin g lines. (inside) fishing alm ost any old clothes worst things that can happen to a Yes and you need to buy a good will do. Oilskins. boots, and gloves. fi sherma n's name is to get a reputa pocket knife. also. however, are "mu t " in any waters, tion for not paying his bills. Once One more item to buy: bedclothe . a ny time of year. Note, al o. that earned. that kind of reputation will Some fishing vessels furni h a mat in the pur e seine and gill net fishery. make it difficult to get a job o n board tress for your bunk. but some of the a ski rt or an apron is often used a decent vessel. and impossible to older ones don't-you must pack instead of oilpants. with no exposed get credit. The word ha a way of your own. Many men prefer a good, buttons ever for the seine web to getti ng a rou nd. heavy. air mattress while others pre hook. And, do not forget that a A small sewing kit with needle. fer sponge rubber. Air ma ttresses sou'wester i part of a suit of oil thread, wool yarn, and a few but may be inflated to whatever hard skins, too. if your oil coat does not tons i nece sary equipment for the ness is preferred. A rule of thumb is have a hood. 16 On board the fi shing vessel a part of your duty will be perfo rmed in the pilothouse: ta nding wheel watch. Though it 's a small part reckoned in ho urs and minutes, it is a very im portant pa rt , because when you go on wheel watch you are assuming a ra th er seri ous respo nsi bi lity. Your watchfulness and your reactions be fore a dangerous situation develops could determine life or death for yourself. your shipmates, and your vessel. Your expe ri ence pro babl y wi ll have to be gain ed in many pil othou es, under many skippers. Each will have hi s own rules or method of operation: each will have personal traits you mayor may not li ke. It will be well to re member th at you and your ship mate also have your qui rks and your foibl es. But in the tight little floating community of whi c h you now are a member, everyone must learn to get along with everyone else. Each of your paychecks must come out of th at load of fis h you are trying to get on board. F irst and foremost, you On Du ty in the Pilothouse must learn to get along with your skipper. Each time you enter the pi lothouse these fi rst months at sea, take half-a second to remember that you are in deed a novice-a "greenhorn" in fi sherme n's vernacul a r-with prac ti call y everything to learn in thi new and strange occupati on. You cannot learn all you need to know fro m this arti cle, or from a ny num ber of books, for that ma tt er. T he knowledge you must acquire in order to become a competent and dependable all -around fi sherma n/seaman, full y trustworthy anywhere on board. including the pil oth ouse, must be learned in the only way possible-by experience. And th at is just what you are now trying to do--gain experience. Still, it will do you no harm to know, even before you en ter the pil othouse, some of th e things yo u mu t or must not do when you make your debut to take your fi rst "turn at the wheel." The first th ing you must learn is to o bey orders quickl y a nd without 17 backtalk. That yOU must do on deck. or neglect to do o. a~k to be ~ho~n. damage. \uch a~ bending a propellcr too, of course, but it i still more Im Here I~ wh} If and ~hcn you collide blade or the propeller \haft. Damage portant in the pilothouse. Bear in ~ith a log or other falr-~Ized piece to el ther one I~ a co~tl} anal r. not mind that perhaps one day .1'011 will of drift~ood . you mu\t throttle down onl} for the \e~\el\ owner who pay be the one ~ho gives orders. We the englnc and dl~cngage the clutch the bill~ lor drj-docklng and repalr\. have an old and very true a\iom in order to prevent the debn~ from but perhap~ e'.en more costly for the which tells us that "one mu t learn getting caught by the propeller There crew becau ... e h ... hlng day~. maybe the to obey orders before one can learn ~i11 bc no lime to "think It o\er" tflp. are 10 ... 1. Thl bnng... u ... to a fact to gil' C' orders." Your action must come qUlckly \\ Orlh remembenng lo\t time. whether The skipper will specify ~here or instantl)-upon your hitting the hour ... or day ' . cannot be replaced . when he want to be called. and this obJcct If you are to prevent damage When taking O\er the \\heel. the order should be strictly obsened. In to Jour propeller You mu t know man you reiJe\e will gl\e you po Itlon addition, yOU must call the kipper beforeha nd ~hl h mo\ement~ to make. and cour\e. and you mu\t repeat if and when yOU are uncertain about so th at your hand can reach for the after him. 0 that he may be ure that any item relevant to the afet) and throttle ~hde leur other hand goe~ yau hear and under ... tand ~ hat he well-being of the ve sel uch as a to the clutch control le\er. say~. There IS no legal form for con course change. o n ~hich ide to take log. or e'.en a not- o-Iarge piece \e) Ing thl information . but here I an on-coming vessel. cro s-traffic. of drift~ood , can do a great deal of one that IS LI eable. "We are in A- sudden loss of visibility due to fog. rain-thick, or snowfall. udden or violent increase in ~ind. or if you think that you mu t make an un scheduled change in speed. In hort. when in dou bt as to the proper cou rse of action. call the skipper. Your Job In the pilothouse is not just to steer the boat. It is . first a nd foremost. to keep the skipper informed. to be his e) es and ears when he is away from the pilothouse. whether in his bunk or in the galley. The ski pper must be kept informed: once he knows the problem. he will do his own thinking. make his own deci sions . and take full responsibility for the consequences of tho e decision. He will tell you how much re ponsi bility for decision in the above itua tions he expects of you. A second and very important thing to learn right away is how to slow down the engine and disengage the clutch if the need arises. Your skipper or engineer (if there is one o n board) wi ll show you how. If they fo rget strait, passed B li ghthouse at 1933, on o th er type not. Becom e fa mili a r faring man mU\1 J...n, \\ h( \\ 10 r\:\.\:I\ co urse is SW by W one-half W . She with the o ne you have on board \0 ortler el t her \\ a\ ; hence he mu I J...n(l\\ has been m aking close to 9 .5 knots that you will be able to change course the art ol"ho Ing Ihe CPIllP,1 on m y wa tch ." Y ou must repeat w hat o n ho rt noti ce. D o //(1' relit! (1// \(//1/ \I h" I 11(/1, h' you hear in o rder to gua ra ntee th at N ow, " Iron M ike" keep your In later year\ '!nce " Ir,'n \ 11\..(' h,1 you received th e info rmati o n correctl y. vessel o n its cou rse fo r you , whi ch been p re~~e tl Inl O ,en Ice a\ hclm\I1l 20 , t , ,/ .. , i / " .,' i f , ! l ; ,.< ! , .' " Working on Deck In commercial fis hing, the handling ments or back talk. Remember, while the budding fishermen. We'lI briefly of the various ty pes of fishing gear you are learning you will not be a ble mention some of the more important is almost always teamwork . In the to do your share of the work. a nd it ones. starting by enumerating a few purse seine, beach seine, la mpara is your partner who must take up the things to remember. sei ne, as well as in the otter trawl slack when you fall behind. I. Safety first, a lways! That means fisheries , the entire crew works as a To put into print a detailed de safety of others as well as your ov.n team ; in longlining. two men work as scripti on of how to work on deck Look out so that you don't get hurt a tea m mo t of the time. would be a rank presumption. Further, or cause a shi pmate to get hurt. On a lo ngline vessel a new or it would be an utterly useless under 2. Get o ut of your bunk the mo green ma n will always have an experi taking. because each and every skipper ment you are called. Don't be the enced ma n as hi s partner or teammate. has his own idea about how he wants last man on deck. Be first as often as whose job it is to break in the beginner. work performed on boa rd h is vessel. possible. teach him the tricks of the trade, and Besides that. every experienced fish 3. When pulling and hauling a, do whatever must be done in order erman who takes it upon himself to part of a team, make sure that you to tran fo rm th e greenhorn into a break in a green man has his own pull a nd haul your share of the load. competent deep-sea fis herman. Du ri ng idea on how to go a bout that task. Yes. and a v.ee bit more. too. If yOU this peri od of learning it is the begin Hence. a detailed description on a can. "Pull hard, and it comes ea'» ner's bounde n duty to do hi s best to printed page would do little good. is more than ju t a c1e\ 21 Ch ln ery rhe uIlfcrent plece~ of ued maChinery arc the tooh needed for the performance of y(lur work. It 1\ P ( ." ...... ~ ...'" ...... , ... - ----;- I \ ...... ~: \( ;.~ ::t~l;- ... 1.... , ~ ,r' . ,. . .. -- ""'J' ' '. ~" ' ;~I ...... -' , "I ~ , ·;·) "'l·~~ ,~ .. \. .. r"'.:>. ~ ,-' .:; .i., . .. ..: ~" ,':.':"': i.~l"t-·- ."" .. -' .:;", .." ,. .... ,.".. ' ~ "'''' ' ~ -. . ..., .. .. ' when me n are tryi ng to bait in a hurr). A dirt)' deck is dangerous so keep ),our deck clean. The fel low you sa\ e from goi ng overboard mal be ) our~el f! 7. Find your ~ca Icg~ as quickl) as you can. A goodl) ~hare of both your comfort and safet) depends upon hov. \\ ell you can stand on ) our feet \\ hen the boat is pitching and rolling. It ha been estimated that. on the average, a commercial fhherman mu t u e about one-third of his trength just to keep him elf in an upright position. That' a man v.ith sea legs, mind )ou. Before you fi nd ) our sea leg ) ou may ha\'e to use up as much as one half of your strength keeping )our elf in a vertical po ition, even in a mo t moderate ea. In somev. hat rough fi hlng v.eather you may ""ell have to use most of your trength for that purpo e ""hich ""ill leave you with lillie trength for your \\ ork . . Keep your head co"ered when working on deck . This rule applie to everyone, onl) more so to those ""ith long hair. Fi h lime and fish "gurr) "-the partl) digested food- tuff in the gut of the fi h-<.:ontain irritant that mal cause a mo~t un pleasant scalp Itch (and perhaps per manent damage). When stacking a pur~e sei ne or retne\ i ng a tra"" I net. '''ear Jour sou'we. ter! Small particles of Jell) fish will be fairl) raining do""n upon you from the net: the) arc un pleasant and potentially dangerous to jour eyes, skin, and scalp. Uncovered long hair may easily get caught in running tackle, drivebelts and chains, gears, sprockets, etc. Don't take fool ish chances. Wear a sou'wester or oth er sui table head covering. T hose are the do's. ow let\ have a go at some don'ts. I. Don't tep on or inside a coi I of rope such as purse li ne, buoy lines, or warps while gear is being set out. Such pract ices may provide you with a qui ck tri p overboard, plu a broken leg or a mangled foot, or both. 2. Don 't grab running gear, lo ng lin es, bu oylines, warps, and the li ke 23 '_f"!~r.'.'·~ r;.... ~., . ... ~:...... ~ ... ~ \ ~. _;oJ I~~ • "" ..'" ~ ... -...... llUhldl' Ihl' roller llr hnepulh:r Br ~11 ~~ . -: ~ ~rlll~ ~nd 1ll.lI1glcd h.ll1d \\JlII\: Ih "f;·~0~:.:,:. ::~:'£:.-' ,.:} ..... ~:.~ re~ult III u.:11 l'h111 hne 1£, U IllU~t \\ \Jr)... lIn gl'.l1 ,11I1 Ilk the r,lIer or Ilncpulkr, IX' UI~' 111,11 Ihe 'lI1J, or Iinepulkr htl, .:nllle I, I elmm ae~'ltknl hne, the Ll nlf Keep Ihl In nllnd Responsibi lities The crewman of a fishing boat slack when it should be tight. With has responsibilities other than being modern synthetic lines. run ning rig a fisherman. knowing about gear. gi ng generall) remain taut. In the and standing watch. He is also a days of manila and hemp it was seaman. This means that if a coil routine to slack riggi ng when it got of line drops from the shrouds. he wet and to take it up snug again coils it back in place. It is not left after a dry spell , because vegetable to the other fellow. Running rigging fi bers absorb moisture a nd swell, is not knotted to the belaying pins, shrinking th e rigging le ngth . A t times but the rigging is hauled tight and rigging that was too snug got so several turns passed on the belaying tight that some of its rope stra nds pins, then a hitch to hold in place, parted. and the balance of the line coiled Bes ides general respo nsibilities of in the ri ggi ng and the end passed carin g and accounting fo r your share around , and with a couple of hitches , of the fis hing gear, as time goes o n tied into a neat bundle. you may be elected a representati ve Keep an eye about you for ri ggi ng of th e c rew (ca ll ed a delegate in some that is chafed, or is rubbi ng against fis heri es) , or take o n the jo b of bein g a stay and will get chafed . o r is th e cook or th e chief (th e engineer). 26 By tha t time you will know what most fis hing vessels must tra nsit a is iced full of fish. I f there is a ton specia l knowledge these crew mem set o f locks, either comin g from or or two in the wrong place, that will bers need a nd the respo nsibilities returning to sea. Dependi ng o n the have to be moved twice with a they have. The delegate is often a tide level, the drop from the ship shovel and a sore back, and thi~ deck boss, who may oversee the canal to sea level va ri es from 12 does indeed make a man very ob maintenance o f the gear, besides to 24 feet. W hen tied to the lock servant when taking ice the next trip. sitting with the skipper a nd going wall , the re are special problems that Lube oi l, fuel. and wat r will be over the bills befo re a settl e me nt. require constant alertness when tend taken aboard at the fuel d ck. Kno\\> I f there i a uni o n , he is its repre in g the li nes. which deck flange is for oi l. which sentati ve. Even when there is no t When risin g or fa ll ing, lines must is for fresh water. You wi II be in a uni o n, there is gene rall y a grou p be taken in or let out constantly, structed by the chief or the s\"'ipper. leader o n deck through the taci t with enough tension maintained to Keep a sharp eye on the hose nozzle, under ta nd in g of skipper and crew. keep the boat close to the wall , but so that you don't overfill and find The cook a nd the chi ef have their without parti ng the tie-up (or moor oil spouting all over deck and your separate domai n of respo nsi bi! ity ing) lines. O ther complications are self. Grease the deck flanges before and p rerogati ves. Observe these a nd that water tu rbulence from the lock screwing them back in place. Ma\...e their pri vil eged relati onship wi th pum ps makes the boat bounce and them snug, but don't use a hammer oth ers: they wi ll not be posted as sometimes the lock chambers are on the wrench . If oil is spilled on a watch bi ll of d o's a nd don'ts In crowded with other boat . deck , clean it up. Ordinary dish the gall ey or fo'c·sle. T he lockmaster gives the orders washing detergent is an excellent The simple act of maki ng fast to here-where to make fast , when to oi I cl eaner. Scru bin the detergent. a nother boat. or to the dock, or of let g~but make certain the skipper then rinse off with hose. Repeat If letting go. though it seem so smooth al 0 "gets the mes age:' These and necessary. and effortle s, i also an act of sea others are skills that become second Let's talk about that dec\... a little manship. In time you wi ll note the nature-a set of understandings be bit. It is both a working platform habits (a nd shortcomings) of the tween you, your shipmates, and the and a roof over your head in the skipper's style in com ing a lo ngside skipper. In all aspects of operation. fo'c'sle, the hold, the engine room. th e dock, anothe r boat, or the ei ther around the dock or at sea Most fishing vessels still have wooden sequence usuall y fo ll owed when let fis hi ng, one of the noteworthy charac decks and caulked seams. You will ting go. Anti cipate the need for teristics of a well -run boat is the also note that in most cases they fe nders over the side. K now where lack of orders, or instructio ns that are tarred or oiled for protection they go and how far to let them pass between skipper and crew. This and preservation of wood. A \...nife, down . O nly under very special cir characteristic has been noted by splicer, or ot her sharp instrument cumstances wi ll the stern li ne be observi ng people many ti mes, when stuck into the deck pierces the tar made fas t before the bow li ne. Learn they first come aboard a fishing vessel. film and forms an entry for water to check the way of the boat smoothl y, Another job is to get stores aboard and possibly the beginnings of dry keepi ng you r hands clear. just before leaving town. Everyone rot. 1ft he dec\... is damaged by accI God help the man who takes a hel ps get the groceries aboard and dent, let the ki pper know so he turn on the cleat with a k not fi r t ! usuall y the cook puts them away. can treat it. With a evere strain on modern nylo n Taking aboard ice at the chute may A fishing boat works in a running line, cutting the li ne is the only way involve only one or two men or sea. and this may loosen the caul\... out of that dilemma. Put turns o nl y more if bait also comes aboard. ing in time. Also in hot dry weather. on a deck cleat-no hitches. Memorize exactly where the bait goes the wood and caulking shrink.. so Know about the use of spring in the hold, how much ice is stored -that water may drip through belo\\>. lines, how a boat can be warped in each side-pen and in the slaughter sometimes onto your bun\.... Even around the end of a dock, or sprung houses. tuall) under wet conditions this \\>111 out from t he dock so the ves el can Icing fish at sea has to be done in stop. If it doesn 't. again let the s\"'ipper back away without sc raping the dock a particular sequence, since the hold know . or an adj oining boat. In close quarters, is nearly fu ll of ice and bait. Oh , be ready to fend off from a nother the misery of work that results when boat with th e fe nder, and keep the too much ice is put in the wrong ski pper informed of any other boat place I Whether there are 10 tons or th at may suddenl y move into the 20 tons aboard, it will all have to way but out of his line of vision. be moved at least once. either with In the Seattl e, Washington a rea, a scoop or a shovel. before the hold 27 ~Iaughterhouse floor is flat. But in a seine-type vessel with the engine for ward, the propeller shaft passe!> through the fishhold with a shaft box generally built around it. possibly a foot or two high running the length of the fishhold . The board covering it must be removed and wa hed, and the inside of the shaft box washed. The fi sh are not butchered in the ~Iaughterhouse . They are dren ed up on deck. if at all . Pos ibl} in the dim past. the naming of the slaughterhouse may have had some connection with fi h prepa ration . While unloading fish . do not stand under the open ha tch when a sl i ng load I going up. The lings are trong enough. but often a single fish ma} slide out and give lOU a playful \.\- hack goi ng by. The whack i a mea- ure of the fi sh's weight multiplied by it \elocit) . and can be painful to ay the lea t. or break omething in }our upper part . Washing the hold after unloading i important to the quality of the next load of fish . Re idual lime and blood must be scrubbed out of the board Th e Hold and the corners of the cleats. Mo t vessels follow the last rinse with a spray of disi nfectant. Some ve sels You will get well acquainted w ith If the hold is divided into four which ice fish now u e pia tic liners the fishhold in your boat. its arrange cro sing. we th en have forward and in the hold. which are removed each ment and working practi ces th erein . after crossings. Each crossing has its trip. Little washing is needed here. Each fishing boat's hold varies in side-pen and slaughterhouse. either As always. when working below size and arrangement. but some gen forward or aft. or econd and third with shipmates. do the be t job of eral statements are in o rder . slaughterhouse in between (numbering which you are capable. With most T he fishhold is di vided into eros.l from forward). If there are four cra - fishermen, it is an insult to have an ings varying in number fro m three ings. in addition to the forward and other go over the same surface or to six. depending on their size and on after cros ing, there will be a "second" repeat the job just completed. Fi her the species of fis h carried . One c ross and ··third" crossing in between. In men observe this nicety, but at times, ing is one transverse divisio n fro m either the after or forward end of the rather than cri ticize another's job, port to starboard. a nd i usuall y sub fishh old. there is a pit covered with they openly do it again and communi divi ded fore and aft into three co m heavy board that usually are notched cate in that way their opinion of the partments by pen hoards th at are in or bored through with hole to permit work. serted into channel fr ames. a nd when drainage. This pit is called a Wlllp . Other in tructions for particular all pen boards are in pl ace up to the All meltwater from the ice and fish jobs that need doing in the hold, uch deck. the hold is penned lip. drains to the ump and this has to as cleaning umps or opening the That portio n of the hold at each be c leaned out las t after washing the doors above the helves in the skin of side of the keel where the bilge curves hold. Solids left in the sump can plug the boat, will be given to you. Each upward. when divided off. becomes a the suctio n line to the bilge pumps in boat has its own peculiarities in these side-pen (sometimes' called a lI'ing addition to creating an unsanitary details. Once the instructions are pen) . The square area o ver the keel conditio n . give n, it should not be necessary to is called the s/all ghr erhollse. In the schooner-type vessel. the repeat them next trip. 28 ~ .,' .' .-0:-;';" <.:+.:~~'::;~"<";:" t':C";;;:>'l;; " . ,~ . .... '.f ',.:, . ... 1'\,1: .",Ie .. : ·.. " '.( " /S:.,/,:;<~· '''~~ ,f.>1:.'! ~,' t~~.~tr: '.'.~' t ..... CMe. kt\ menllon ... ome t h l ng~ yOU ean do til I.:eep dnl:tor and ho,pllal ..l\\a\ \-\then al se,l . lake e Ir,1 good l:..tre III )Ilur he,tllh. You ..trl! no( a "SISS) . If ) IlU do. You Bc\\ ,Ire "I II h \\ ound I fhere .Ire nil redll, Pili' n,)u lI,he 011 the Clld t III Ih<.' P,lulle l)rlh\\.: t, bUI It h<.' sULh ,IS Ihc lIngra\ ( aitt.)rnlill ,Ind Ihe ratll h 1111 .tli Ilrth\\e t \\dt<.'r ) L,tn he had enllu:h \\1. und IntllLted h) Ihe pm<.' IrlHl) ellher 01 Ihe I.' md) hnng )llU a pl)\\erlul ea <.' III hill, d P"l ~lning. II n~ll pnlmpll) and pfllpLrh treated. Your Medical Rig hts and Care fhe ralll,h e..lrrtc d "ddgger" a p..lrl ,II It dllrsal lin. If stuel-.. h) that ,Inc in )llUr I II 1.1 t l'r in Hlur hand. get A fisherman IS abo a seaman. and clan declare him curcd .. tnd lit f~lr a com peknt deep\\ ater fisherman is duty . inlll the galle) a last d p~1 "'Ibll!. lill as good a seaman as may be found I I' and \\ hen \ llU need medlLal help. a buel.:l!t \\Ith h,lt \\alLr add a Ilnl!ral l any where As a seaman. the lisherman HIU must lirst nf all see Hlur sl-..Ipper. amllunl 1.11 (Ion \. Pure\. I.lr a dra\\ has a right to free medical care In because the sl-..Ipper l)r hiS representa i ng agent It I-.. I! epSl.)m ails and ' I.)a l-.. case of Illness or inJury" nder a tI\e must "'Ign a dl.)cument ,lttestlng \ I.'ur limn In the '>I,llutll.ln Keep the rule as old (as the maritime la\\ itself) that) a u are Indeed emplo\ cd I.)n boarJ \\ ater as hot a.s ) I.)U can la l-.. e II and a seaman Injured or sic\... whIle under a fishing vessel I-.. eep ... oal-..Ing lor al 1e 30 or desira bl e . Ha nds d o acquire cal will note. though. that the fin ger in touch . man] o l d-t l mer~ \\flllg llut lo uses fro m liding gear through them . tha t to rn part o f t he glo ve wi ll have Ii ghtl) . then tos them lIn ded and They get kno bby a nd arthritic fro m some soreness fro m al twater expo sta mp hard with the heel of the bllOt. lo ng exposure to salt wate r, but thi sure. T ake ca re o f the ru bber gloves repeating this e\ era l t lme~ to for~e is no longer suc h a vocati o nal affli c by was hing them cl ean inside and out out all bacteri a-laden ~ Ii me and blood. ti o n. at the end of the work day. T u rn Sta mp o n the end o f the gil \e finger, After severa l d ays o f wo rking with them inside ou t by ro ll ing the gau ntlet first. though : glove fi ngeL wIll p,IP cl oth gloves o nl y, ha nds wet fro m over the fin gers a nd blowing u p the like a ba ll oon if the water \\Ithin i salt water. fis h slime. a nd bl ood . the glove like a ball oon, wi th a sharp puff. fo rced toward th e fi n ger~ \\Ith the fis herma n awakes to a nother day with When you awa ke in the morning, the first ta mp. Repeat the process until ha nds that are stiff and puffed up, outside wi ll be dry. Reverse them the water wrung out is clean . pain ful to move. a nd a ny small cuts again . They wi ll slide o n more easily a t much can be added about Illot gape o pen as th e skin is pulled taut if they a re dusted li ghtl y inside with care that has not alread) been ,aid fr o m in creased muscl e to ne caused ta lcum powde r. Even co rn meal and of the ha nd . III -fi tt ing boots or so~\..s by water saturati o n a nd swoll en ordina ry flo u r will do the jo b. though that cause a sli ght discomfort Inltlall) muscles . Buttoning the pa nts a nd the it looks like pancake dough whe n may. by the e nd of several daJ~ ' cause shirt is a slow painful process. The you remove the gloves at the end chafe and sores that are CrIpplIng. quic kest reli ef is to put o n those soak o f the day. Few fi herme n wear wool ocb onl\ ing wet glove so the skin ta kes up Good care of your hands is impo r next to the skin because of the tiher water a nd of te ns again. and squeez tant to both you a nd your shipmates coarseness. A a result. mam \\('.11" ing a nd working th e ha nds will , with because if you are crippled the extra fi ne-knit cotton soc\..s. inside the \\\1,11 in 20-30 minutes, ma ke the m pli a bl e wo rk fa ll s o n your shipmates a nd this ock . or sheeps\"i n liner The \oc\..s and pa inl es to work with . can slow the fi shing and fo rce the shoul d be long and drawn up over Abo ut 195 I. a fis herman experi c rew to work lo nger hours . You are the pants leg, e,en pi nned If nece - mented with a thin rubber. urgical i sued o nl y o ne pair o f ha nd . They sary. Loose fi tt ing boots, feet sliding type glove to be wo rn inside the c loth are your livelihood . W atch the o ld about within , can cause soc\..s to pull working glove. Yes. the ha nds still timer who , at the e nd of the day, in d own a nd end up as a ball In the tlle get wet but principall y fr o m natural spects his ha nds fo r unsuspected cuts. of the boot. Foot perspiration and skin moisture. But in the morning. the H e carefull y washes hi s ha nds. hi lack of Circul ation will make the boot hand a re not sti ff and sore. Remark wrists. and arms. Bl ood a nd slime wet in Ide. a nd this IS partlcularl) a bl y e nough , small cuts now will hea l can clog po res, create rash and pim true if long hours are pent III the whil e worki ng o n the fis hing grounds. pl es that turn into a re and become ice. putti ng awa, fi h . T he cold of the In th e old days cuts o n the ha nd chafed in fected . Fro m past ex peri ence. al ice cause a n increase of condensat IOn o n the cl o th gloves. a nd what sta rt ed most 50 percent o f the fi r t-trippers wi thin the boot. as a small skin cut. woul d. in 4 or 5 ha ve hand probl e ms caused by ne Some boots are Illsulated. some days o f fis hi ng. grow to an o pe n a re, glect. as a result o f their hurry to get have built up instep~. The, arc all skin worn away at the edges. Ba n to the bunk for those few sho rt hou rs ex pensive . and you don't save an) dages wo uld not stay in place . of sleep. (Being so sho rt , It s mo re thing o n the cheap ones. The). along The rubber surgical-type gloves li ke a na p, or a "kink" as o me old with other pecial fishing gear, ,trt.! sho uld not fit so ti ghtl y as to impede timers ex press it. l tax deducti ble though . ave )llUr circul a ti o n in the fi ngers. T hey shoul d So me me n a noint the ir hands w ith store bills to document Jour IllCllme be snug so th at gear can be handled lotio n or salve. and all treat their ta" returns. without the hands sliding about in li ttle cuts with tincture of Merthiolate. a o ne obJecb to a man lea\ Illg the gloves when wet and so that the rubbing alcohol. o r other good di s the dec \.. to ta\..e care of hlmsell If he sen e of touch is not du li ed by folds infecta nt. A few Ba nd-Aids in Jour get a \..ll1 fe cut. (lr a gaff hllll" of rubber . Some fis hermen prefer lo ng \" it will also be useful. Peni cillin tab punched in hi, leg. or a thh bone In ga untlets o n the gloves that will cover lets are by prescriptio n o nl y. but \.. eep his wrist. he ,lime and bkwd and the the ir wrists a nd keep the m dry. in mind that they are not to be used rust a re nch In bactena and a Ie\\ Two pai r of rubbe r gloves wi ll do as a preventative. ever . se th e m at minute of doctonng can ~a\e mUl:h the wo rk o f three pair, since a left the inten als pre c ri bed onl ) a.fier pain and lost lIme later II \llU dl' ha nd glove can be turned in ide out you get an in fe ction. a nd \..n o\\ wheth ha \ e an aCCident. let Jour "Ipper and become a ri ght-ha nd glove. and er I OU are all ergic to peni c illin . \..n O\\ "nce the con equenc(' have I I \ice er a. Even a glo \ e with a torn When washing \\ risters o r c loth be shared b) all Thi, i e peclalI, fi nge r wi II protect the hand. and can gloves. ri nse well to get the \\ or -t of true If the cause I fr ~m a brol..en r be used if you ha\ e no spare . You the bl ood and lime o u t. A a fi ni hing defiCient piece of eqUipment on dec 3 1 c rewmen use certa i n pa rts o f it as a Bits and Pieces dryin g room . M a ny engine rooms, however, a re fo rbidden territo ry, fo r good a nd valid rea o ns. If you do get perm iss io n to h ang your wet c loth es in th e engine room , you must , o f course, ha ng your things in the spot whi ch th e engineer (or skipper) ha pointed out to you and nowhere else! A garme nt of whatever kind, hung in the wro ng place, may be sucked into an a ir inta ke, caught by a belt o r a turning shaft , a nd cause a ll ma nne r of da mage to th e engi ne o r to o ther machine ry, to say nothing of wha t ha ppens to your cloth es . What if you should be reall y un lu c ky a nd get a bi g tear in your fis hin g shirt o r fis hing pants? Y ou can't j ust toss it away a nd get a new o ne be cause the nearest out fi tting sto re may I be hu ndreds of mi les aWay . So what , I Y ou have now waded through whether fo r business, recreation , o r do you do? You me nd it , th at's what. I quite a number of do's a nd don'ts. salvati o n, wear your o il skins. You wi ll You have your sewing kit and pl enty N evertheless, scraps of information be s nug a nd warm when the fe ll ow of woole n yarn . A herring-bo ne stitch have, no doubt, been left behind. without o il skin is ke pt busy tryin g with heavy (doubl e o r mo re if needed ) We'll see if we can pick u p a few such to control his chatteri ng teeth . In case woolen yarn will m ake a very re bi ts and pieces. you should be forced to a ba ndon shi p, spectable repa ir job. With a little Let's talk a bout your oi lskins. They be sure to have your o il ki ns alo ng practi ce you'll be a bl e to make it a have, at times, been dubbed "the whe n you make the fi na l jump from very neat jo b, too. For mo re ela bo rate fis herma n's uniform ," a fit name a nd th e deck and into the li fe boat or mendi ng o r patchi ng there a re pl asti c one of which no seafaring man need life raft. Here is a case where your menders on the market . fee l ashamed . Most work on deck is oilski n sui t may well ma ke the di ffe r Do you kno w how to use a pair of of such a nature that oi I ki ns must ence between your survival or your oars? T o row a boat, th at is? If not. be wo rn in orde r to keep reasonably extincti on . go rent yourself a 14- or 16-foot skiff, dry. In point of fact. oilskins should There usuall y will be som e provi or better still, borrow an old do ry. be worn In all ma nner of deck work, sion fo r d ry ing your cl o thing, whi ch a nd practi ce rowing until you learn wet o r dry, because o ilskins don't at the end of the watch o n deck will how to handl e a pair of oars effecti ve ly. just keep you dry, they also prevent be dam p from perspirati on and from A fi sherma n/seaman who is una bl e your fi shing clothes fro m becomin g condensation inside your o il skins. to pro pel a row boat by means of the too dirty too fas t. And those o il skins, alo ng with gloves oars if and when the co nditio ns de Besides. your oilskins protect you . and wristl ets (or w ri sters) sho ul d be mand, is a pitiful sight to behold a nd A fl yin g longline hook, o r a "jagger" washed before hangi ng to dry . a mo t fooli sh looking one to boot. on an old wi re rope can get a real Drying wet, heavy fi shing clothes Learn to use a pair of oa rs. That abil good grip in your fis hing shirt o r ca n be quite a p roble m on a fis hing it y mi ght save your life, if you should pants . With o il kin on, you would boat, e peciall y o n a small e r a nd/or suffer a shipwreck . stand a good chance of getti ng away older one. No cook worth hi s salt It may not be probable, but it is from such an encou nter cot-free. wi ll tole rate dryin g c lothes a round hi s possible, that at some time in your Don't wear too much clothing unde r gall ey ra nge. This is not meanness; fis hing ca reer you may ha ve to use a your oi lskins. A uit of oil kins con it's commo n sense a nd entirely prope r, small boat to survive, or an infl atabl e ser\oes bod) heat ve ry wel l. You should because the ra nge a nd its vic inity is li fe raft. o r a life preserver, o r a fire fec i chill y when you first come o n where the food is pre pa red . But ex extingui sher . T ake a good hard specu ded.. It is time-consuming to remove ceptio ns may be made at ni ght whe n lati ve look at these it ems and ask thc c\tra clothin g 'Ahen yOU begin to food is no t bein g prepa red . some questi o ns. Don't ta ke " no" for \\arm up fro m e.\ ercisc. Some engi ne rooms a re roomy a n a nswer ; it's your life that you 're If yOU go out in a dory o r a skiff. enough so tha t th e engineer will let concerned about. 32 1\ I \ I ! ."" , . ~~k..~~ 4t. c Attenu a Ille ralt Intlatilln Uel1111n u,e gla"e, I' ll uee"- I ng ra in dilL! YIlU 111.1) well hale to we"- , he lt er ~tration. Tr) on a Ille pre,er\er. and ,pray 111:1"-e It ddlleult to ,ee Llearh III all ,1I1ehllrage l hat ma} he la r Irol11 be able to finu one on \ llLlr boat In al1d 111 a 11) alltl-Iog Iledtl11ellh Pil ,ale a, .I harhor, hu t the onl) one the uar"- . I--. nOl\ \Ihere the fire e\tln lell,e, hale heell tned \\llh 1.11\ Ing 1\lth lll reach. It 111 a) he e\pllwu til gLli,her~ .Ire anu hO\1 to L1'e thel11 'UCLe" II C) egl .I"e' .Ire lleLe".In. the 1\Jl1d hlll\\ll1g .It the mllment. or When the~e Itel11' arc needeu. the\ a I.ln\ ard 1111111 (lile hlll\ tIl the lHher. to ,I l11ea,ure 01 Ileean "'ell,. or til arc neeueu fa,t Y llLl 111.1\ he the lIne pa"lllg arllulld the h.lc"- 01 the Ileck hoth. IIr the hllttol11 111.1) he tllll haru \\ho ha~ to l11a"-e the decl'llln. It I' llr head. I' a \.duahle a"l,t til prelent (Ir tlHI ",It to prllllue rea'"nahl) gOllu too late then to learn hll\\ the\ arc their II)" II "-IlPL"-cd lIlt. Id,tenlllg 1111 the dnehllr In ,ueh L1'ed. Orgal1lleu el11ergenc\ tr.lIlllllg hdrhllr, '"U hdle to ,tanu "dl1eh(lr I here .Ire pther fj,hCll11ell II ho of thl' "-Inu lor fI,herl11en I' aiIlHI,t I\,tlch' uunng the I1lght When .In hale e\c c(IITectllln, \\ hleh C.lll he \\ holl) 1l0n -e\l,tellt nll\l. '0 HIU \\ III ,lIlchl1r \\ As a commercial fisherman you 'll ing bills for food consumed during I. Know just which expense items not be o n a payroll. Y ou'll get no the trip. o r season . Whateve r virtues are boat. c rew, o r mutually shared. salary, no wages: you r only income or drawbacks this method of sharing 2. Pay partic ul a r attention to your will be your share of the catch . There may have. it certainly d oes eliminate share. Note if all your bi lis are de are. at this time, several methods o f argume nts about which bills belo ng ducted correctly and that the settle figuring shares. We ha ll have a look to crew expenses and which bi ll s ment sheet agrees with the numbers at three of th em. but the re are almost belong elsewhere in t he sell leme nt. on your check stub. And do it no~. as man) others as there a re fisheries. There a re ineq uities in many sh are Once the share is apportioned and the I. In the longline fis heries, the ve - sy tems. but traditi o n makes cha nge money banked , it is very difficult to el takes a certain percentage of the di fficu lt. m ake changes. Generally. corrections tOlal earning (called gro stock) as If you enter into a fishery where must wait until the settlement on the its share. What is left is call ed net the fishermen are o rgani zed. join the fo ll owing trip. stock . From net stock one pays the uni on. Not o nl y should you join the No one is going to tel l you how to bi ll s for groceries, fuel. ice, bait, and uni o n. you sho uld become an acti ve. spend that hard-earned cash. but it worn-out (condemned) fishing gear. worki ng mem ber: th at'S how you can is well to keep in mind that with long What now is left is divided equa ll y help keep your unio n strong. useful . tri ps and short seasons. that share may among the entire crew, th e skipper and democrati c. When the crew be give you a false ense of prosperity. sharing equally with the rest of the longs to a fishermen 'S uni on. there I n the armed services. there was an men . wi II be a "delegate" o n the vessel, old saw that th e pay was $200 a 2. In some fisheries, such as the elected by the crew to hi s job for the day-once a month . purse eine and the otter trawl fish current fishing season. Does the delegate participate in the eries, the ves el collects a certain per The delegate is your official spokes settling up because it i assumed that centage of the stock after specific gear man. your go-between . Representing the sk ipper or ow ner wil l try to cheat expen es are paid. so that the crew the crew, the delegate checks a ll bi li s. the crew? Not at all. Rather. the dele does not pay into the maintenance of then makes the m avail able for the gate is there because two heads are the trawl or the seine used. When the crew's scruti ny. The delegate also a - better than one; he is there simply to vessel 's sh are has been deducted. the sists the skipper in the weighing of help prevent mistakes. The writer has other bi lls (groceries, ice. fuel) are the catch . for the trip or for the season served as delegate on a number of paid. a nd the remainder is divided a the case may be. a nd sits in (with vessels and participated in a good equally among the crew. the skipper the skipper) when th e vessel's accoun many settl ements. ot once-repeat being a crew member for this purpose, tant works out the settl ement a nd di - not once during the several years although m ost no n-owner skippers vides the m o ney into shares . Such of such service ha he met up with an also collect a percentage of t he boat's ettlement may be for each trip. as in attempt from the skipper/owner's side share as a commission . the lo ngline and trawl fisheries. or it to cheat the crew. He ha~ . however, 3. A few vessel owners. mostl y in may be o n a seasonal basis. as in the been a party to discovering a number the pot fishing fleet . and some few in salmon and king crab fisherie~. of would-be mistakes. some of which the two-man tro ll in g boat fleet. prefer Since the share system means gen went in favor of the cre~, mind you' to give the crew a certain percentage erall y that both crew and ve~se l sh are The moral ') Join your uni on. elect of gross earnings and keep the rest as some expenses or all. the settlement your delegate. and see to it that he the vessel 's sh are . The vessel. or its sheet should be understood by you. keeps hi s nose pretty close to the owner. then maintai ns a ll fishing gear The settlement is yours abo. Here are grindstone. Know the share sy tem on and is responsible for a ll bill , includ- some ti ps. your boat. 3S ------Shore Leave )',lU .Ire .I Ihher Jl1.m .Ind .t eJJl1.tn nee \, lU J..llll\\ the h ur ,11 Je h\\n Keep.!.:' U. lilu :;np n t. l. and \ ou \\ .t nt \llUr sh,' re lea\ e [,1 p.lrture. ) "U h.l\e III------e .:u e \1 hat l teplauder. a \, U I \\ 1\ de "end lrom taJ..e a trtp ashore IS \ (lur n ~ ht . "r e\er I,'r heln!.! 1.11l.' \ldJ..e sur" thJt Ul c ((\ d"cJ.. cour e. \\ hene\ er \\Illd .t nd \\ e.lther \,IU .trn\" l'n h n.Jrd the \e d --10 II l er.tI b .It .Ire tleu up abrl:a t. and li,hmg .tnJ rUll nlng bet\\een II h ml nute, hd ,Ire the anrll'U n.:ed 1e.1 \ mg .Ind \ our b"at h.lppen III b ... on the i ng grllu nd. perm i t. time RLlnemha. II \ ,IU d,'n t shl)\\ ,lut Id .... b ... c.lrdul \\ hen cr mg th ... Y o u ma) \\ant to hale a Il ,) rt ll r uJ1 Iln hllard l'n tll11e. the \e el .tnd In Od\\ een b at - .1 r oJ' "h "f .1 t\\O during \l.IUr shore lea\e. and that 11\ l.:re\\ \\ill be Illreed t,l \\alt I,lr )"U. lllanh"Je. III a \ b.:: 11J1 ... n RLI emb.::r. a l 0 m a\ be a needed easement One and \llU h.ne 1111 right .It all tIl maJ..e II ),IU ulkr an InJur~ \\hlle Lln a m an enJo\ s hal I ng a dn nJ.. . anlllher "ther pellple \\ ,lit I,lr \ IIU e J1Ll.I.tll~ "lee tack." ~llU mal \\ell ILl e \l'ur m an e nJo~ S 11(1 / ha\ I ng lIne: b"th \\ht.:n SUl.:h \\aiting I cllstlng the time pri \ ikgL III I reL nkdl -.II at tent i,ln. ha le a perfect nght to enJo~ \\hate\\?r III both \essel and cre\\ . \\hleh nlLJns [he 1.1\\ a" 01 abilit~ be n.:t It they p refer. up to a pOint nu the lishlng time. \\ hll.:h again me.tns ills anSing Ir,lIn Injun 11r dl ea e ':Lln pOint IS nght here ~our enJll) ment llf earnings The 36 can cau e untold amounts of damage rungs. Metal ladders a re best but may the top the ladder sides may be fast and of human misery. No seaman. be severely bent from boats rubbing to the timbers so that you must hold needless to say. can assume the re against them. Note particularly if the rungs. As you reach up, be certain sponsibility for the safety of vessel there is a handhold at the top of the your next ha ndho ld is secure before and crew when less than sober. dock stringer, to pull you rself up with. letting go the othe r hand. Step o n After unloading a trip, the boat is Several rungs down , the ladder may the ladder with the rungs under the washed down and tied to a float o r a be close to a dock timber, giving you instep, not on your toes. Use special dock. Then the boys clean themselves onl y a toehold . care on ladder and dock if they are up while the kipper and delegate are This is the "jungle" in a fis hing wet. If you do drop off the ladder, at the tore "settling up." and gettin g town . To be alert is to survive. Many the chances of landing between the the checks ready. When these two fis hermen stack the odds further by boat and dock a re about SO-SO, but stalwarts get back wi th the checks and carrying within a "tankful" of whiskey you will su ffer less damage if falling some cash for those who want to go back to the boat. Those who stepped. in the water. Many have not survived uptown. the boat will empty of life lipped, jumped, and didn't bounce, this drop because they hit their heads except for o ne or two w ho want to are either no longer with us o r carry on the boat rai I as they went by, or write a letter o r perhaps take a nap the scars of th eir blunder. Most docks were squeezed between the boat and before that evening uptown. If several are in good shape, but make a careful the piling. If in the water, keep away days are pent at the docks before note of the path you fo ll ow when from the outside of the piling. Your going out again. and especiall y if you lea i ng the boat. The open hatches, bones will find 20-100 tons of boat are not in your homeport. there wi ll the broker ladder (which you may to be a rather irresistible force. If be many trip up on the dock. not see when stepping ashore at high unable to climb out, don't wear your There will also be many trips to tide) should be a big question mark self out. Hang on and holler like hell. the galley or fo'c'sle of another boat in your mind when you return that Best precaution: travel in pairs if to visit friends and swap stories and night and see the mast tops of the possible. "get the latest." This is a favorite boat level with the dock. From the dock, uptown and back. pastime and most enjoyable. to meet The safest grasp on the ladder is it's all yours. Have a good time and old shipmates and make new friends. its sides, not the rungs, although at good luck. trading information a nd gossip, and goes on whether you are taki ng your Conclusion ease at the galley table, overhaul i ng gear on the deck, or up on the dock. You are part of a club. The choice (or necessity) of being Trawling for bottom fish and shrimp; But even ocializing is not an un a commercial fisherman today is longlining for halibut and black cod; mixed blessing. You may be tied up basicall y a way of making money. potfishing for dungeness, king, and two or three boats away from the dock However. there are other trades where tanner crab; purse seining for salmon ; or the float, and the deck arrangemen t more or less income can be generated and to some extent, trolling for salmon of gear a nd equipment will differ o n and more fringe benefits received. and albacore, are the most typical each boat. There wi ll be somethin g But there is a presumption or beli ef fisheries of the area. Others, li ke scal to st umbl e against on an unfamiliar that w hen equivale nt earnings are lop dred gin g or potfishing for fin fish, deck when you return in the middle avail able elsewhere, a person who are mi nor fis heries now. These fish of the ni ght. Some boats may have goes commercial fis hing by choice is eri es gene rate fair to very good in carelessly left the hatch open, a nd the looking for other values. comes, and the stories of big seasons deck li ghts mi ght be out, o r too dim One of the ideas advanced and gen have a basis in fact. But they are to see well o n deck. Gear and stays erall y agreed to by some econo mi sts, exceptional in most cases, and do not reflect the average. may hang down from overhead. The sociologists, a nd fishermen themselves, Si nce the seasons are quite short inside boat will have fe nde rs out, and is the idea that fishermen have mo re therefore will be a foot or two out in many of these fisheries, most in than an ordi nary amount of freedom from th e float whose planks may be comes are quite high considering the -of independence. This is a general rotten o r slimy from a combination real time spent fis hing. Most of the it y that va ri es in truth from fis hery to of rain and mossy growth . time this is an advantage over shore If lying at a dock, you may have a fishery. For precision then, reduce this wages only if the fis herman has a ski ll long climb up the ladder when the to the northeast Pacifi c fisheries, a nd to employ whi le as hore during the tide is out, and th e ladder will be to those vessels in whi ch a crew of off-season. and to which he can come slippery with seaweed. Some ladders o ne o r mo re is employed besides the back each year. Many do. Some. of wood will have broken o r loose skipper . without these other skill s, resort to 37 unemplo) ment compensation . Other restricted life at sea . It is not e ntirely trem ely lo ng h ours. A I ::!-h o ur day i drift a~a) from fishing because of the true to say that he has greate r freed o m vi rtuall y a minimum ; fro m 16 to 18 uncertainties. because of a bad year. because he submits to a very tough hours a day i co mmo n . The rewa rd Some full-time commercial fis he r taskmaster wh o is dem a nding a nd is what goes in the h old . a nd the co n men follo~ the trade year-round b) getting more from him tha n is ever seque nt days off in town. It is interest mo\lng from summer fishing to a attempted ashore. As a consequence. ing to no te that some industries asho re \\ Inter fisher) . such as longli ni ng in to say a fisherman has greater freedom are beginning to compress th e .. W- ho ur the ,ummer and tra\\ling in the 'Ainter. is not so true a to say he h as 0I1i1'f work-week in to .f days and a re fi nding But thi., b) no means J..eeps all com freedoms. different freedoms. O n bal that m a ny worke rs like a nd suppo rt mercIa l tlshermen bus) ) ear-round. ance. he pays for thi s independence the idea. The re are possibly o the r The refore. an element of the freedom by ubmitting to a ha rsher d iscipline "discoveri es" of li ke nature. if m a n we are talJ..lng about can be a change. and does so wi ll ingly because it is agement woul d take the tro uble to the cycling from one fis hery to a n largely self-impo ed. Not everyone wi ll look at a nd li ve the part imposed o n other. or the cyclic balance of a com pay the price . and it is at th is poi nt t hei r work fo rce. fo rt a bl e sho re job in winter a nd a of awareness that some men wi ll ei ther A man 's capabilities a re n 't limitless. summe r Job at sea. This is a stimul at turn to another trade or remain fish but w he n working a t o r near limits of ing a rra ngement. a J..ind of freedom ermen. phys ical e nd u rance. it is surprisin g m ost \\ age earners do not have. The It is not e ntirely true to ay that h ow far these limits can be exte nded e""t ra income from fis hing eems to at sea o ne of the fis herman' hard a nd how much pe rsonal sati sfacti o n pay for the securit) foregone in ships is to be deprived of some shore thi s gene rates. But a ma n is not buIld ing senl o nty in a permanent job side social a menities. On the contrary. pus hed the re and cannot be pus hed ashore because o f the absence of these obliga there. He is pull ed by the incenti ves T he prerogatIves of seniorit y. of tory ameniti es. he is more free to do of m ore pay. recognitio n of pe rsona l the fr inge benefits called conditi o ns the job at hand without any conftict. worth. a nd the sati sfacti o ns in the job. ashore. are not a totall} unmitigated and to the fu ll limit of h is capabilities. A sin gu la r aspect of shipmates in a good The fi sherman surrenders the e In the crew. he is with shipmates of crew is tha t. even years afte r having fn nge hendlts In return. not for j ust like mind a nd capabilities. T he self been together. th ere seems to be a a bett e r income at sea but for a free imposed h a rness does not gall like persona l regard for one a nothe r that dom ./1'0/11 so mething else he IS leaving the limits of work imposed in a shore not gene ra ll y accorded a coll eague hehlnd. T hesl' are the negative aspects job. o n a s ho re job. of hIS life ashore. and the Ii t is con If any policing o r criticism of the Yes. the re is freedom in being a SIderable. va rying according to the qua lit y of work is needed. it comes fis he rman. but it is a trade-off inas \alues of the m a n. his conditioning. mostly from hipmates rath e r than much as he mus t a lso submit to re h IS to lerance. the kipper. Minute supervisio n is not stricti o ns a nd limits he d oes no t have Some 01 these negatIves are: wanted. nor is it generall y needed . It o n sh o re. The fo regoi ng deta il s o f PunchIng a tIme clocJ..: the houri) bears repeating that. o n a well -run li ving o n a fis hing vessel. the fa int p.l\ ment lor ,I ph\ ,Ical presence. liJ..e vessel. few wo rd are needed. In divid o utlines s ketched he re. a re not com th e re nt on a ho use or a car. Some ual merit i recognized and ack nowl plete because the va ri a ti o ns a re nearl y \ le\\ th IS as a degradatIon. ed ged . The fi herman objects to bei ng as great in num ber a the re a re fi sh '\i It -pieJ..lng. l1\ er-the-,houlder su "checked up on" a nd to do a job e nnen. pU-\ IS\l'n the blISS IS paId [0 be boss. over tha t has just been completed by T he fis h i ng industry d oesn 't ma ke Sll hIS \ I ibIil t) .IS a superVIsor IS J..ept another is offensive to h im . But if me n . it wants th e m . What is expected hIgh the re is a neces ity for re-doing that of you . is a mea ure of what you /lilly Restnetilln llf e.lpabIiilles: the job. words of e,,"p lanat io n are not get in return . F is hing isn 't ha rs h. but Irust r,l tl ll n l'l \\ l'rJ..lng ,It a pace belm\ needed . Actions communicate th us it very fi rm ly rejects a ny fud ging. " ne s e.lp.l hliItles ~ithout 'Aords. ~ith less liJ..e lihood of Afte r li ving togethe r for weeks in th e Regllllenti.ltll'n lIne hl)d) among gi \ i ng or taJ..i ng offense. T he si gnals same fo'c' Ie. the socia l va rni sh e rodes. Ill .l n\. last n.lme Ilrs!. saturatIon seat arc understood. The who le ma n. w hatever he is. is IIlI! 1111 the hus .1Ild lhe plane. \\altlng Probabl) the most singul ar and exposed. You . III lIne I'llI' .I theater tleJ..et. unemplo\ unique feature of tlsh ing is the e.,,"- Good Iu d. good fis hing. Illl' nt ctll'eJ.. , llr tl' hu\ a hamburger. In return fllr an escape Inlm these nl'g.ltI\l.' 1.lell'rs .1IlJ lHhers. the fisher- MFR Paper 1066 From Marine Fisheries ReView . Vol 36, No 6, June 1974 Copies of thiS paper, In limited numbers, are available 1Il,ln 1'.1\ \\ h.lt .Ippe.trs tIl he a hi gh from 083, Techmcal InformatIOn DIVision, Environmental SCience PriLL' III h.lrd hiP, Il'ng hl)urs. and a Information Center, NOAA, Wa shington, DC 20235 38