Multi-Access Key to of British Columbia Field Version (May 2020 Version) By: Daniel Stewart, UBC Masters Student Note: To use key, record the code of each character in numerical order, and compare to species code key on page 2.

Macroscopic Measurements

Character Code Comments 1. Max Leaf Width (mm) Leaves tend to be more convex and rigid than B & C 4 – 8 A 8 – 18 B Slightly convex to flat >18 C Slightly convex to flat 2. Spike Interval (mm) 0 – 5 A Clonal patches should be evaluated based on the measurements of 5– 50 B multiple individuals to account for variation. > 50 C 3. Pistillate Spike Length (mm) <100 A 100 – 230 B 230 - 300 C 4. Pistillate Spike Width (mm) 6 – 11 A Do not measure width of pistillate spikes that are disintegrating. 11 – 25 B > 25 C

Qualitative Traits (only use if necessary)

Character Code Comments 1. Pistillate Spike Colour Colour should only be evaluated after have ripened Light-Medium Brown (July onwards), and can be used in winter. A

Dark Brown B

2. Leaf Colour A Leaf colour should only be evaluated from May-August to Yellow-green to dark green avoid influence of senescence.

Green to blue-green B

3. Stem Density (stems /sqm) Note of caution: under certain conditions all Typha spp. can A 10 - 20 grow in high densities. Avoid this trait in highly disturbed, eutrophic, stagnant environments. B 20 - 30 C >30 Species Code Key Typha Morphology

CODES SPECIES AAAA |AAC TYPHANG ABAA | AAC TYPHANG ACAA | AAC TYPHANG AABA | AAC TYPHANG ABBA | AAC TYPHANG ACBA | AAC TYPHANG AACA | AAC TYPHANG ABCA | AAC TYPHANG

ACCA | AAC TYPHANG spike AAAB | AAC TYPHANG ABAB | AAC TYPHANG ACAB | AAC TYPHANG AABB | AAC TYPHANG ABBB | AAC TYPHANG spike interval ACBB | AAC TYPHANG AACB | AAC TYPHANG ABCB | AAC TYPHANG spike ACCB | AAC TYPHANG BBBA | ABB TYPHGLA BBCA | ABB TYPHGLA BBBB | ABB TYPHGLA BBCB | ABB TYPHGLA BAAB | BBA TYPHLAT BABB | BBA TYPHLAT CAAB | BBA TYPHLAT CABB | BBA TYPHLAT BAAC | BBA TYPHLAT BABC | BBA TYPHLAT CAAC | BBA TYPHLAT CABC | BBA TYPHLAT BAAB | BBB TYPHLAT BABB | BBB TYPHLAT CAAB | BBB TYPHLAT CABB | BBB TYPHLAT BAAC | BBB TYPHLAT BABC | BBB TYPHLAT CAAC | BBB TYPHLAT CABC | BBB TYPHLAT

Additional References: Finkelstein, SA. 2003. Identifying pollen grains of , , and Typha x glauca. Canadian Journal of Botany 81: 985-990. Kuehn, MM, White BN. 1999. Morphological analysis of genetically identified cattails Typha latifolia, Typha angustifolia, and Typha x glauca. Canadian Journal of Botany 77:906-912. Marburger, J. 2013. Use of pollen to identify cattail (Typha spp., Typhaceae) taxa in Indiana. Science Bulletin 59:174-177. Smith G. 1967. Exerimental and Natural Hybrids in North American Typha (Typhaceae). The American Midland Naturalist 78: 257-287. Smith SG. 2020. Typhaceae. Flora of North America. Available from: http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=10926 (accessed March 2020).

Tompkins TM, Taylor J. 1983. Hybridization in Typha in Genessee County, Michigan. The Michigan Botanist 22: 127- 131.