Sites Near the UVM Green 3. Barnard’s Tavern Site In 1814, Ensign James Goodhue of the 11th U.S. Infantry set up a recruiting o ce in the tavern located on the southwest corner of Prospect and Burlington,

Colchester Avenue Pearl Streets (built ca. 1789), which was then run by War of 1812 Sites: 1 University Place 4 Eli Barnard as the ‘Green Mountain House’. Taverns University of Vermont Green 2 such as the one located here were often used by South Prospect Street 3 University Green recruiters because they were well established com- Main Street munity gathering spots, they oered accommoda- tions, and usually featured music and alcohol.

Pearl Street Taverns also were places College St. N to hold celebrations. In 2. Col. James Sawyer’s House Site 1813, Eli Barnard hosted the July 4 festivities in James Sawyer’s house and store once occupied Burlington. This party part of the ground now occupied by UVM’s John included a dinner for Dewey Hall (built in 1905). As a young man, Sawyer between 400 and 500 (ca. 1761-1827) served in people (including many the Revolutionary War and o cers of the army and saw action at Yorktown. He navy as well as most of the settled in Burlington ca. prominent civilians in 1786, and became the town) all served under a county sheri and a colonel of militia. Sawyer and ‘delightful bower’ built on his wife, Lydia, raised a large family of nine children. the northwest corner of During the War of 1812, three of his sons served in the UVM Green. The the military. Horace B. Sawyer U.S.N. (1797-1860) tavern burned down in was captured near Ile aux Noix in Canada in 1813 October of 1838. The and spent a year as a prisoner of war in Montreal, Catholic Church built the Quebec, and Halifax, Nova Scotia. Later paroled, he building now on the site served aboard the famed USS Constitution. After the as a hospital in 1923-1925. This publication was sponsored by: war, Horace Sawyer returned to Burlington and lived The American Battle eld Protection Program on Main Street opposite Edmonds’ School. George F. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service Sawyer (ca. 1787-1852) also served in the navy as a GA 2255-10-003 With additional support from: purser with Thomas Macdonough on Lake Cham- The City of Burlington, Vermont plain. He participated in the Battle of Plattsburgh on The Vermont Agency of Transportation September 11, 1814 and remained in the navy until 4. Pomeroy Hall and the State of Vermont Division for Historic Preservation his death. Lt. Frederick A. Sawyer (1792-1831) served Around the time the University of Historical and archeological research by: with the 11th U.S. Infantry from 1812 to 1815 and The University of Vermont Vermont’s rst medical school build- Consulting Archaeology Program took part in the battles of Chrystler’s Farm, Chip- ing (named for Dr. John Pomeroy) pewa, Bridgewater, and Ft. Erie. Frederick Sawyer was being built (1829), the medical This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the returned to Burlington after resigning his commis- Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any students were occasionally digging opinions, ndings, and conclusions or recommendations sion in 1819 and became the rst lighthouse keeper up the graves of War of 1812 soldiers expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not on Juniper Island (1826-1829). in Burlington to acquire anatomical specimens. necessarily reect the views of the Department of the Interior. Introduction About a year after the start of the war, in the At the close of the war, UVM repaired its building summer of 1813, the U.S. Army deposited a ‘large and reopened. The old college building burned Prior to and during the War of 1812, the area near down on May 27, 1824 and was replaced by the Old the head of Pearl Street and around the University of quantity of arms’ in the University’s main building and established a guard nearby to watch over it. Mill. The Old Mill, originally built as three separate Vermont’s Green was a place of great activity with structures, looked very much like a several residences, stores, craftsmen’s shops, a Complaints soon came that the soldiers’ “tumultu- ous behavior at all hours” made the “regular course textile factory. UVM joined the three buildings prosperous tannery, two taverns, and the University. together in 1846 and later remodeled them to their As a population hub, this area and its inhabitants of instruction & study almost useless.” The soldiers also often entered the students‘ rooms to pilfer present appearance in 1883. In 1909, the United were inevitably drawn into the events surrounding States Daughters of 1812 placed a marker com- the conict. “their books and other articles.” At President Sanders’ house, located near where UVM‘s Williams memorating UVM‘s role in the War of 1812 on the 1. The University of Vermont Hall is today, they “laid waste” to the garden and western facade of the building. fences. The University of Vermont In March of 1814, the army requested theN use (UVM) was incorporated in of the entire building for an “arsenal and barracks.” 1791, but did not o cially open The University corporation agreed to lease it for until 1800. The Rev. Daniel $5,000, which forced the school to completely Clarke Sanders served as the suspend its operations. UVM dismissed President university's rst president. The Sanders and all of the professors. All of the UVM’s Old Mill in 2013 inaugural graduating class in students, then numbering 1804 consisted of just four UVM Alumni in the War of 1812 about three dozen (except the students. The college’s main Of the fty-ve men who had graduated from

UVM Archives medical students who stayed building, a four story brick UVM prior to the War of 1812, several served President Daniel C. Sanders with Dr. John Pomeroy), were structure built in 1801-1802, (1768-1850) honorably in the conict. John Herman Bird (’09) “turned adrift to nish their stood where the Old Mill is today. The original served as midshipman in the U.S. Navy and became in the best manner building included forty-six dorm rooms, a few one of the rst Americans killed in the war during they can.” One departing lecture halls, a library, a , and some o ce the duel between the USS President and the HMS student noted that the building space. By 1812, the institution had grown to about Belvidera on June 23, 1812. Lt. Frederick Agustus soon became crowded with 70 or 80 students and employed ve instructors U.S. Rep. Sawyer (’10) served with the soldiers, ‘camp ladies,’ and even (1792-1868) Danville, Vt. oering classes in mathematics, natural philosophy, 11th U.S. Infantry throughout children. Among the students sent away were astronomy, Greek, Latin, natural history, chemistry, the entire war. Lt. Satterlee Thaddeus Stevens, later a U.S. Congressman who jurisprudence, medicine, anatomy, and surgery. Clark (’07) served as an army played a prominent role in the Civil War and the paymaster (5th District). USS President vs. HMS Belvidera early Reconstruction era, and Wilbur Fisk, the Nathaniel Read (’11) was a quartermaster sergeant founder of Wesleyan University. in the VT militia and a volunteer at Plattsburgh. The ‘College Cantonment’ lasted until March of Joseph P. Russell MD (’10) served as a surgeon’s 1815, principally under the command of Col. Elias mate with the 4th U.S. Infantry 1814-1815. Fassett of the 30th U.S. Infantry. During the Battle Although a civilian, Cassius Francis Pomeroy, MD of Plattsburgh on September 11, 1814, soldiers (’06), son of UVM professor Dr. John Pomeroy, died and civilians alike climbed to the cupola of the early in 1813 while combating an inuenza college building, and with the aid of a spyglass epidemic among the soldiers stationed in Burling- tried to catch a glimpse of the battle that could be ton. Archibald W. Hyde (’08), another civilian, distinctly heard over the waters of Lake Cham- served as the ‘barrack master’ in Burlington from Thompson 1824 Thompson plain. UVM’s Original College Building 1813 to 1814.