Profiling the atmospheric boundary layer at European scale - the COST Action PROBE

DomeNico Cimini* and the PROBE members

*National Research Council of (CNR) Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis (IMAA) Intro

What’s a COST action?

• 38 COST Members Albania, , , Bosnia and Herzegovina, , , , , , , , , , , , , , Italy, , , , , PROfiling the atmospheric The Republic of , , The , The Republic of , , , Boundary layer at , , , , , , , , Turkey, and European scale • 1 Cooperating Member • 1 Partner Member 19/10/2019 – 18/10/2023 South Africa • Near Neighbour Countries participation Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus,

Egypt, Georgia, Jordan, Kosovo*, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco,

Palestine**, Russia, Syria, Tunisia and Ukraine

*This designation is without prejudice to positions on status and is in line with UNSCR COST Members COST Members ITCs 1244/1999 and the ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence. Other Countries 2 **This designation shall not be construed as recognition of a State of Palestine and is without COST Cooperating Member prejudice to the individual positions of the Member States on this issue. COST Partner Member Motivations

• The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is the single most important under-sampled part of the atmosphere1

• Observation gap in the ABL, particularly important for meteorology, air quality, renewable energy

• ABL was selected as an Incubation Targeted Observable2 • recommending the implementation of programs to accelerate the readiness of high-priority observables

• For NWP applications, the top-priority atmospheric variables not currently adequately measured3 • wind profiles • temperature and humidity profiles (in cloudy areas)

1US National Research Council Reports 2US Nat. Acad. Sci. Eng. Med. 3WMO guidance on NWP obs. Challenge and work plan

• How can we close the ABL observational gap efficiently and cost effectively at EU scale?

WG1: Knowledge exchange End-users Training User requirements

Academia & Industry Sust. Research Oper. Agencies

WG2: WG3: WG4: Advanced ABL Tailored Operation and profiling measurement data quality networks

Algorithm Instrument R&D specs

Instrument characterization and QC Network

Participants from 30 European and 7 non-EU countries

• 20 Universities (Physics, Atmospheric science, Meteorology dep.) • 16 NMHS and EUMETNET E-PROFILE • 8 National Research institutions • 1 European RTD organizations (ECMWF) • 3 Instrument manufacturers • 1 International organization (+ WMO endorsement) • 3 end-users (AQ, aviation, renewable energy)

• EU members: Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Rep., Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, UK • International Partners: China, Japan, South Korea, UAE, USA • Near-Neighbour Countries: Armenia, Russian Fed. Ground-based MWR

• Establishing a MWR calibration center • At JOYCE observatory (University of Cologne & Research Centre Jülich) • Centre for Cloud Remote Sensing (CCRES) of ACTRIS • ACTRIS – Aerosols, Clouds and Trace gases Research Infrastructure

• Evaluating the impact of MWR obs for meteorology and NWP • Météo France • MeteoSwiss • DWD (German Weather Service) • Univ. Cologne

• Preparing the roadmap for implementing an operational EU-wide MWR network Evaluating MWR obs impact

A network of 8 MWR was deployed in France in the context of the South-west FOG 3D (SOFOG3D)

Météo-France • Frederic Burnet • Pauline Martinet

300 by 300km Evaluating MWR obs impact

Météo-France • Frederic Burnet • Pauline Martinet

Plans for 3D/4D EnVar assimilation into AROME model Evaluating MWR obs impact

• Claire Merker, Daniel Leuenberger, Maxime Hervo, Alexander Haefele MeteoSwiss

Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss

Improvements for warnings with respect to nuclear, chemical and biological incidents KENDA-1 1.1 km grid size • Assimilation of MWR BT with KENDA/LETKF* 40 ensemble members • 3 MWRs in Switzerland

EMER-Met: Emergency Response Meteorology + RTTOV-gb De Angelis et al., 2016

*Kalman filter for convective-scale data assimilation (KENDA), using local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF) Evaluating MWR obs impact

• Claire Merker, Daniel Leuenberger, Maxime Hervo, Alexander Haefele MeteoSwiss

Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA

Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss

Background

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Observation Brightness temperature (K) temperature Brightness Evaluating MWR obs impact

German Weather Service (DWD) • Jasmin Vural, Annika Schomburg, Christine Knist, Moritz Löffler, Roland Potthast

Test benefit of ground-based observations in data assimilation for improving initial state/forecast of ABL

Instruments: MWR, DIAL, Doppler/ Raman lidar • HATPRO radiometer @ Lindenberg observatory • 14 channels, K & V band

• Evaluation with O-B statistics • ICON-LAM forecast as first guess • forward operator: RTTOV-GB

• Assimilation experiments with KENDA (LETKF) Evaluating MWR obs impact

German Weather Service (DWD) • Jasmin Vural, Annika Schomburg, Christine Knist, Moritz Löffler, Roland Potthast

~1.3km ~12km Evaluating MWR obs impact

U. Cologne & DWD ARON project: a virtual remote • Maria Toporov, Ulrich Löhnert sensing network for continuous monitoring of atmospheric stability

Satellite instruments (geostationary)

MSG SEVIRI

MTG IRS 150 by 150km

• Simulated obs.: COSMO-REA2 → IRS and MWR Ground-based • NN-retrieval of CAPE and other fields instruments

MWR

WV-DIAL Evaluating MWR obs impact

U. Cologne & DWD ARON project: a virtual remote • Maria Toporov, Ulrich Löhnert sensing network for continuous monitoring of atmospheric stability

CAPE RMSE ~25-30% ~12-15% error reduction error reduction Outlook

Roadmap for implementing a Europe-wide MWR network

• Sept 2020 – MWR business case was submitted to EUMETNET (EU NWS Network)

• Oct 2020 – Presented to EUMETNET scientific/technical/financial advisory committees • Well received, suggested for final acceptance to EUMETNET Assembly meeting

• Nov 2020 - EUMETNET Assembly meeting…

• If accepted, ground-based MWR will enter in the EUMETNET Profiling Programme E-PROFILE Summary and conclusions

• Tools for DA of ground-based MWR are ready and freely available

• MWR DA trials have started at different institutions (including NWS)

• Good prospective for the establishment of an European MWR network

Thank you very much for your attention!

Nico Cimini, CNR-IMAA, [email protected] Back-up slides

x Ground-based MWR

Achievements from previous COST Action TOPROF

• First demonstration of DA of a real MWR network (Caumont et al., 2016) • DA of retrieved temperature and humidity profiles

• Development of SW tools: • RTTOV-gb Fast forward model (De Angelis et al., 2016; Cimini et al., 2019) • 1DVAR Inverse model (Martinet et al., 2020) • Net1D Network 1DVAR retrievals (Cimini et al., 2020)

• Long-term O-B for a prototype network (6 sites, 1 year) (De Angelis et al., 2017)

• Characterization of absorption model uncertainty (Cimini et al., 2018) Evaluating MWR obs impact

German Weather Service (DWD) • Jasmin Vural, Annika Schomburg, Christine Knist, Moritz Löffler, Roland Potthast

O-B statistics overview (clear & cloudy) Benefits of ABL Profiling Networks

NWP (high-impact weather)

Air quality (monitoring, forecasting)

Renewable energy harvesting

Satellite Cal/Val

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