DOCSLIB.ORG

Development Team

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Development Team Paper No: 07 Information Storage and Retrieval Principal Investigator Dr. Jagdish Arora, Director Module : 03 Database& Management Systems Subject Coordinator INFLIBNET Centre, Gandhinagar Development Team PrincipalPaper Coordinator Investigator Dr. Jagdish Arora, Director & INFLIBNET Centre, Gandhinagar Subject Coordinator Content Writer Prof Devika P Madalli, Professor, Documentation Paper Coordinator Content Reviewer Research and Training Centre (DRTC), Bangalore Dr Aditya Tripathi, Content Writer Assistant Professor, Banaras Hindu University Prof Devika P Madalli, Professor, Documentation Content Reviewer Research and Training Centre (DRTC), Bangalore PaperContent Coordinator Reviewer Database Management System I. Objectives The main objective of this module is to: • Introduce the concepts of data, information and knowledge. • Introduce to the students, the meaning and characteristics of Information Retrieval(IR). • Provide definitions and describe various concepts, components and designing Issues of IR system. • Introduce to the students features and importance of DBMS and brief overview of SQL. • Familiarize the reader about different data models. • Introduce the functions and designing criteria of IR system for storing and retrieving the information. • Brief students about various standards and protocols which are used in IR. II. Learning Outcome After reading this module: • The students will gain the knowledge of Data, Information, knowledge also understand the importance of information in the era of ICT • The students will gain the knowledge of IR and also understand the benefits and issues information retrieval system for accessing and maintaining information. • The students will gain knowledge of database, it’s properties and types(i.e. Hierarchical Database, Relational Database, etc.) • The reader will gain the knowledge of ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability) property, which is very useful in the processing of database transactions. • The students will understand the various data models. For instance E-R model to describe the data and relationship with other entities, etc. • The reader will gain the knowledge of different database languages( like DDL,DML,DCL, etc) and their uses. • Student is updated about various information storage and retrieval systems (e.g. user interface system, Query processing system, Database model system, etc) for storage and retrieval of information. • The reader will understand “what exactly Retrieval Status Value indicates?” and different methods/models which are used for evaluating the retrieval status value. • The reader will also gain the knowledge of vector space model, probabilistic model, Boolean model which are used in IR. III. Structure 1. Introduction 1.1 Database Management Systems 1.2 Advantages of DBMS’ 2. ACID Property 3. Data Models 3.1 Object-based logical model 3.2 Record-based logical model 4. DBMS Languages 4.1 Data Definition Language (DDL) 4.2 Data Manipulation Language (DML) 4.3 Data Control Language (DCL) 4.4 Brief Overview about Structured Query Language (SQL) 5. References 1. Introduction A database is the large, persistent, integrated collection of dynamic data that provides some operations to describe, establish, manipulate and access this data. ‘Data’ is derived from the latin word ‘datum’ meaning (thing) ‘given’ [wikipedia]. The main aim of a database is recording and maintaining information. The Chambers Science and Technology Dictionary defines the database as “a collection of structured data independent of any particular application”. The Macmillan Dictionary of Information Technology defines database as “a collection of interrelated data stored so that it may be accessed by users with simple user-friendly dialogues.” Traditional database are organized by fields records and file; File, Records and Fields: • File – A file is a collection of records. A file contains many records. In computer data is stored inside a file. • Record- It is a group of related information. Record is the unit of information in a database. It is generally what users want while searching a database. Each unit of information in a database is known as record. For example, a book card of library catalogue which describes title, author subject etc. of the book. A record is composed of fields and subfields. • Field- It is the collection of simple data values like integer, real text etc. In other words we can say that field is a pointer to record. Fields are the elements of information or particular segments which form the records. The items described in the book card of a library catalogue such as title, author etc. are the examples of field. For example, a telephone book is analogous to a file. It contains a list of records, each of which consists of three fields: name, address and telephone number. Hence, Database is a collection of structured records. However, the structure of a record is predefined so that data can be easily searched or accessed. Normally, records in database are arranged in a systematic order and bear unique identification. A record contains structured data. The format of the data stored in the record is predefined and uniform across all the records. This helps in locating the data in the records as well as in the database. The data structure is defined through field definition while designing the database. The fields contain the data and hence they are the leaf element in database structuring. The simplest form of a database is a Table. Fig.1: Sample Table 1.1 Database Management Systems What is DBMS (Database Management System)? A database management system (DBMS) is a computer program designed to manage a database, a large set of structured data and run operations on the data requested by numerous users. It is a collection of interrelated data and a set of programs to access or manipulate data. It consists of related data within an implicit meaning and hence is a database. A database management system (DBMS) is a collection of programs that enables users to create and maintain a database. According to the ANSI/SPARC DBMS Report (1977), a DBMS should be envisioned as a multi-layered system: External level (individual user views) Conceptual level (enterprise-wide views) Internal level (storage views) Storage level (physical storage) Fig.2: Database Management System 1.2 Advantages of DBMS i. Data independence: The DBMS can provide an abstract view of the data insulated application codes from details of data representation and storage ii. Efficient data access: DBMS utilizes a variety of sophisticated techniques to store and retrieve data efficiency. This feature is especially important if data is stored on external storage device. iii. Data integrity and security: DBMS can enforce integrity constraints on the data, if data is accessed through DBMS. It also enforces access controls that govern what data is visible to different classes of users. iv. Data administration: A DBMS facilitates maintenance and administration task for a large collection of data shared by several users. A good database administrator can effectively shields end-users from the chores of fine-tuning the data representation, periodic back-ups, etc. v. Reduced application development time: A database management system can reduce the application development time of database as well as maintenance of huge collection of data. 2. ACID Property ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability. In context of databases, ACID is the property that guarantees the reliable processing of database transaction. This property is defined by Jim Gray in 1970s and he also developed the technologies for automatic achievement of these properties. • Atomicity: It is an all-or-none proposition • Consistency: It guarantees that database never leaves the transaction in half-finished state. • Isolation: It keeps transaction separated from each other until they are finished. • Durability: It guarantees that the database will keep track of pending changes in such way that the server can recover from an abnormal termination. The database developers always keep some rules and characteristics in their mind while developing the transaction system. The developers of the components that comprise the transaction are assured that these characteristics are in place. They do not need to manage these characteristics themselves. 3. Data Models Data Model consists of components which describes data, data relationships, data semantics and constraints. There are basically two types of data models which are further divided into different models: 3.1 Object-based logical model a) Entity-relationship model The Entity – Relationship model is based on entities and their relations. An entity can be anything living or non-living. In other words, an entity is any kind of object. For example, table, chair, students, teachers etc. Each entity in the world has certain characteristics or features which are known as Attributes. Same attributes can be manifested in more than one entity or objects. Such group of entities with same kind of attributes make a Set of Entities. For example, a class room of students is a Set of Entities as it carries students who have same kind of competency level, they study same subjects and they are offered same course. Each student of the class will also have a role number, name, age and so on. Attributes are expressed as fields of a database. These attributes of the students could be simple attributes as it holds plain value like the name of a person or the class role number.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Data Definition Language
    1 Structured Query Language SQL, or Structured Query Language is the most popular declarative language used to work with Relational Databases. Originally developed at IBM, it has been subsequently standard- ized by various standards bodies (ANSI, ISO), and extended by various corporations adding their own features (T-SQL, PL/SQL, etc.). There are two primary parts to SQL: The DDL and DML (& DCL). 2 DDL - Data Definition Language DDL is a standard subset of SQL that is used to define tables (database structure), and other metadata related things. The few basic commands include: CREATE DATABASE, CREATE TABLE, DROP TABLE, and ALTER TABLE. There are many other statements, but those are the ones most commonly used. 2.1 CREATE DATABASE Many database servers allow for the presence of many databases1. In order to create a database, a relatively standard command ‘CREATE DATABASE’ is used. The general format of the command is: CREATE DATABASE <database-name> ; The name can be pretty much anything; usually it shouldn’t have spaces (or those spaces have to be properly escaped). Some databases allow hyphens, and/or underscores in the name. The name is usually limited in size (some databases limit the name to 8 characters, others to 32—in other words, it depends on what database you use). 2.2 DROP DATABASE Just like there is a ‘create database’ there is also a ‘drop database’, which simply removes the database. Note that it doesn’t ask you for confirmation, and once you remove a database, it is gone forever2. DROP DATABASE <database-name> ; 2.3 CREATE TABLE Probably the most common DDL statement is ‘CREATE TABLE’.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Database
    ST. LAWRENCE HIGH SCHOOL A Jesuit Christian Minority Institution STUDY MATERIAL - 12 Subject: COMPUTER SCIENCE Class - 12 Chapter: DBMS Date: 01/08/2020 INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE What is Database? The database is a collection of inter-related data which is used to retrieve, insert and delete the data efficiently. It is also used to organize the data in the form of a table, schema, views, and reports, etc. For example: The college Database organizes the data about the admin, staff, students and faculty etc. Using the database, you can easily retrieve, insert, and delete the information. Database Management System Database management system is a software which is used to manage the database. For example: MySQL, Oracle, etc. are a very popular commercial database which is used in different applications. DBMS provides an interface to perform various operations like database creation, storing data in it, updating data, creating a table in the database and a lot more. It provides protection and security to the database. In the case of multiple users, it also maintains data consistency. DBMS allows users the following tasks: Data Definition: It is used for creation, modification, and removal of definition that defines the organization of data in the database. Data Updation: It is used for the insertion, modification, and deletion of the actual data in the database. Data Retrieval: It is used to retrieve the data from the database which can be used by applications for various purposes. User Administration: It is used for registering and monitoring users, maintain data integrity, enforcing data security, dealing with concurrency control, monitoring performance and recovering information corrupted by unexpected failure.
    [Show full text]
  • Grant Permissions on Schema
    Grant Permissions On Schema When Barde rued his hillside carousing not vehemently enough, is Wallie sublimable? External or undulatory, Esme never jargonising any gorgoneion! Contumacious Lowell unzips her osculums so healingly that Radcliffe lessen very revivingly. In some environments, so sunset is exert a rank question. Changes apply to grant permission on database resource limits causes a user granted to prevent object within one future. Create on grant permission grants from. It on one permission is helping, permissions are done at once those already have to your experience with it. Enable resource group administration. We appoint or revoke permissions to interim principal using DCL Data Control Language Permission to a securable can be assigned to an. In SQL 2000 and previous versions granting someone drop TABLE. SummaryInstructions about granting Redshift cluster access and optionally. Run on schema permissions levels, create temporary tables to be granted permission for securables to sum up processes to groups of rows into the role itself? It checks permissions each plunge a cursor is opened. Oracle Role Privileges Mecenatetvit. If we did not grant schema? Other users can trim or execute objects within a user's schema after the. If you sister to grant permission to house any stored procedures but no tables you tend need to put rest in different schemas and grant permissions per schema. For example, to speak the WRITE privilege on an gain stage, as does dad give permission to justice it. Find a schema permissions granted. You typically grant object-level privileges to provide shape to objects needed to build an application The privileges are granted to the schema that maps to the.
    [Show full text]
  • Short Type Questions and Answers on DBMS
    BIJU PATNAIK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, ODISHA Short Type Questions and Answers on DBMS Prepared by, Dr. Subhendu Kumar Rath, BPUT, Odisha. DABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM SHORT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Prepared by Dr.Subhendu Kumar Rath, Dy. Registrar, BPUT. 1. What is database? A database is a logically coherent collection of data with some inherent meaning, representing some aspect of real world and which is designed, built and populated with data for a specific purpose. 2. What is DBMS? It is a collection of programs that enables user to create and maintain a database. In other words it is general-purpose software that provides the users with the processes of defining, constructing and manipulating the database for various applications. 3. What is a Database system? The database and DBMS software together is called as Database system. 4. What are the advantages of DBMS? 1. Redundancy is controlled. 2. Unauthorised access is restricted. 3. Providing multiple user interfaces. 4. Enforcing integrity constraints. 5. Providing backup and recovery. 5. What are the disadvantage in File Processing System? 1. Data redundancy and inconsistency. 2. Difficult in accessing data. 3. Data isolation. 4. Data integrity. 5. Concurrent access is not possible. 6. Security Problems. 6. Describe the three levels of data abstraction? The are three levels of abstraction: 1. Physical level: The lowest level of abstraction describes how data are stored. 2. Logical level: The next higher level of abstraction, describes what data are stored in database and what relationship among those data. 3. View level: The highest level of abstraction describes only part of entire database.
    [Show full text]
  • Nosql and TRADITIONAL DATABASE INTEGRATION: CASE STUDY PROJECT BDIC-DM
    Ciências Exatas e da Terra - Ciência da Computação - Sistemas de Computação - Arquitetura de Sistemas de Computação (Ciência da Computação) NoSQL AND TRADITIONAL DATABASE INTEGRATION: CASE STUDY PROJECT BDIC-DM Ramiro Tadeu Wisnieski 1 Data de entrega dos originais à redação em: 12/08/2016 e recebido para diagramação em: 20/04/2018 This article describes the procedures involved in integrating a NoSQL database with a traditional one. These procedures were implemented in an academic project context of agile development, entitled Big Data, Internet of Things and Mobile Devices (BDIC-DM in Portuguese). This project was conceived in the first half of 2015 at Aeronautics Institute of Technology (ITA). As a requirement for the effectiveness of the mission, the implementation of an e-commerce system to manage transactions involving large volumes of data (Big Data), a number of different technologies were used. Among these tools the ones that stand out are those involving the generation, storage and consumption of large volumes of data. As a starting point for some features of Real Time Transactional Processing (OLTP - Online Transactional Processing) system, the traditional Database Management System (DBMS) MySQL was used along with the DBMS NoSQL Cassandra to store the portal purchase data. As for the batch data analysis (OLAP - Online Analytical Processing) Apache Hadoop Ecosystem was used. An infrastructure based on the Apache Sqoop tool allowed the export of data from traditional relational database to the HDFS(Hadoop File System). Keywords: Big Data. Cassandra. Iintegration. MySQL. NoSQL. I. INTRODUCTION system makes use of relationships between different With the recent rise of Big Data worldwide, it entities, attributes and records.
    [Show full text]
  • Cs6302 Database Management System Two Marks Unit I Introduction to Dbms
    CS6302 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM TWO MARKS UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO DBMS 1. Who is a DBA? What are the responsibilities of a DBA? April/May-2011 A database administrator (short form DBA) is a person responsible for the design, implementation, maintenance and repair of an organization's database. They are also known by the titles Database Coordinator or Database Programmer, and is closely related to the Database Analyst, Database Modeller, Programmer Analyst, and Systems Manager. The role includes the development and design of database strategies, monitoring and improving database performance and capacity, and planning for future expansion requirements. They may also plan, co-ordinate and implement security measures to safeguard the database 2. What is a data model? List the types of data model used. April/May-2011 A database model is the theoretical foundation of a database and fundamentally determines in which manner data can be stored, organized, and manipulated in a database system. It thereby defines the infrastructure offered by a particular database system. The most popular example of a database model is the relational model. types of data model used Hierarchical model Network model Relational model Entity-relationship Object-relational model Object model 3.Define database management system. Database management system (DBMS) is a collection of interrelated data and a set of programs to access those data. 4.What is data base management system? A database management system (DBMS) is a software package with computer programs that control the creation, maintenance, and the use of a database. It allows organizations to conveniently develop databases for various applications by database administrators (DBAs) and other specialists.
    [Show full text]
  • 444 Difference Between Sql and Nosql Databases
    International Journal of Management, IT & Engineering Vol. 8 Issue 6, June 2018, ISSN: 2249-0558 Impact Factor: 7.119 Journal Homepage: http://www.ijmra.us, Email: [email protected] Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage as well as in Cabell’s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A Difference between SQL and NoSQL Databases Kalyan Sudhakar* Abstract This article explores the various differences between SQL and NoSQL databases. It begins by giving brief descriptions of both SQL and NoSQL databases and then discussing the various pros and cos of each database type. This article also examines the applicability differences between the two database types. Structured Query Language (SQL) refers to a domain-specific or standardized programming language used by database designers in designing and managing relational SQL databases or controlling data stored in RDSMS (relational database management system). The scope of SQL database encompasses data query, data definition (creation and modification of schema), data manipulation (inserting, deleting, and updating), as well as control of data access. NoSQL databases are non-relational and can exist together with relational databases. NoSQL databases are most suitable for use in applications that involve large amounts of data, and the data can either be unstructured, structured, or semi- structured. SQL databases have been the most widely used databases in the world over the years. However, it is the requirements that drive data models, which in turns, influence the choice between SQL and NoSQL databases.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Databases Presented by Yun Shen ([email protected]) Research Computing
    Research Computing Introduction to Databases Presented by Yun Shen ([email protected]) Research Computing Introduction • What is Database • Key Concepts • Typical Applications and Demo • Lastest Trends Research Computing What is Database • Three levels to view: ▫ Level 1: literal meaning – the place where data is stored Database = Data + Base, the actual storage of all the information that are interested ▫ Level 2: Database Management System (DBMS) The software tool package that helps gatekeeper and manage data storage, access and maintenances. It can be either in personal usage scope (MS Access, SQLite) or enterprise level scope (Oracle, MySQL, MS SQL, etc). ▫ Level 3: Database Application All the possible applications built upon the data stored in databases (web site, BI application, ERP etc). Research Computing Examples at each level • Level 1: data collection text files in certain format: such as many bioinformatic databases the actual data files of databases that stored through certain DBMS, i.e. MySQL, SQL server, Oracle, Postgresql, etc. • Level 2: Database Management (DBMS) SQL Server, Oracle, MySQL, SQLite, MS Access, etc. • Level 3: Database Application Web/Mobile/Desktop standalone application - e-commerce, online banking, online registration, etc. Research Computing Examples at each level • Level 1: data collection text files in certain format: such as many bioinformatic databases the actual data files of databases that stored through certain DBMS, i.e. MySQL, SQL server, Oracle, Postgresql, etc. • Level 2: Database
    [Show full text]
  • B.Com II Year
    B.Com IInd Year. Subject- Relational Database Management System B.Com II Year Syllabus Subject: Relational Database management System Unit – I Evolution of Database Technology, File-Oriented system, Database system, Client Server Platform:, Database system in the organization: Database and Data sharing, Startegic database planning, Management control, risks and cost of database: logical and physical data representation. Unit – II Database Development Life Cycle (DDLC). Principles of conceptual Database Design, Objects, Specialization Generalization, Relationship, Cardinality, Attributes, Relational data Model: Fundamental Concepts, Normalization process (1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, 4NF) Transforming Conceptual Model to a Relational Model. Unit – III Relational Algebra, Relational implementation with SQL, introduction, Data Definition Language (DDL), Data Manipulation Language (DML), Data control Language (DCL), Transaction control Language (TCL), Schema and Table Definition, SQL functions: Mathematical functions, Group functions, view definition: Introduction command to create VIEW. Unit – IV Physical, storage media, Disk performance factors data storage format file organization and addressing method implementing, Managing the data base environment- Database administration and control, DBA functions, goals, integrity, security and recovery. Unit – V Introduction to SQL- Components of SQL, DDL,DML, Query Language DCI, TCI, SCL etc invoking sql plus The oracle data types two dimensional matrix creation, Insertion updation, deletion operations,
    [Show full text]
  • Database Management Systems Malla Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
    DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS LABORATORY MANUAL B.TECH (II YEAR – II SEM) (2018-19) DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (Autonomous Institution – UGC, Govt. of India) Recognized under 2(f) and 12 (B) of UGC ACT 1956 (Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad, Approved by AICTE - Accredited by NBA & NAAC – ‘A’ Grade - ISO 9001:2015 Certified) Maisammaguda, Dhulapally (Post Via. Hakimpet), Secunderabad – 500100, Telangana State, India DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Vision To improve the quality of technical education that provides efficient software engineers with an attitude to adopt to challenging IT needs of local, national and international arena, through teaching and interaction with alumni and industry. Mission Department intends to meet the contemporary challenges in the field of IT and is playing a vital role in shaping the education of the 21st century by providing unique educational and research opportunities. PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs) PEO1 – ANALYTICAL SKILLS To facilitate the graduates with the ability to visualize, gather information, articulate, analyze, solve complex problems, and make decisions. These are essential to address the challenges of complex and computation intensive problems increasing their productivity. PEO2 – TECHNICAL SKILLS To facilitate the graduates with the technical skills that prepare them for immediate employment and pursue certification providing a deeper understanding of the technology in advanced areas of computer science and related fields, thus encouraging to pursue higher education and research based on their interest. PEO3 – SOFT SKILLS To facilitate the graduates with the soft skills that include fulfilling the mission, setting goals, showing self-confidence by communicating effectively, having a positive attitude, get involved in team-work, being a leader, managing their career and their life.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study for Integrating SQL and Nosql Databases
    International Conference on Interllectual Property Rights, 20/02/2021 A Study for Integrating SQL and NoSQL Databases Krishnapriya VM1, Libin Sebastian2, Gibin George3 1Pursuing master’s degree program in Computer Science in Santhigiri College Of Computer Science, Thodupuzha, Kerala, India [email protected] 2Pursuing master’s degree program inComputer Science in Santhigiri College Of Computer Science, Thodupuzha, Kerala, India [email protected] 3Assisstant Professor in Santhigiri College Of Computer Science, Thodupuzha, Kerala, India [email protected] Abstract: In our day to day life we come across several data. Some will be confidential and some will not. Therefore, it’s necessary to have a storage mechanism. When it is the storage of bulk data we come to the term database. Storage of data can be relational or non-relational. The storage of data in a relational format is called relational database or SQL database. Whereas, storing data not based on a perfect schema can be called NoSQL database. The former follows data storage in the form of tables or relation and the later follows non tabular format, i.e. will be based on type of data model. Now just think about a case where we want to store or retrieve data from both databases together. This can be done only through integration. But integration of both the databases following different schema is a complicated task where it is possible one too. That’s what we present through this paper. In this paper we present certain integration mechanisms like Unity, Data Adapter, Novel Integration Data Methodology, JackHare framework using MapReduce and DualFetchQL.
    [Show full text]
  • Data Manipulation Language (DML)
    Data Manipulation Language (DML) Lecture 13 Sub-sets of SQL Data retrieval: SELECT • Data Manipulation Language (DML): INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE Data Definition Language (DDL): CREATE, ALTER, DROP, RENAME • Transaction control: COMMIT, ROLLBACK Data Control Language (DCL): GRANT, REVOKE Database Modifications • A modification command does not return a result as a query does, but it changes the database in some way. • There are three kinds of modifications: 1. Insert a tuple or tuples. 2. Delete a tuple or tuples. 3. Update the value(s) of an existing tuple or tuples. Insertion • To insert a single tuple: INSERT INTO <relation> VALUES ( <list of values> ); Example • Consider MovieExec(name, address, cert#, netWorth) INSERT INTO MovieExec VALUES('Melanie Griffith', '34 Boston Blvd', 700, 300000); Specifying Attributes in INSERT • We may add to the relation name a list of attributes. INSERT INTO MovieExec(name, address, cert, netWorth) VALUES('Melanie Griffith', NULL, 700, 3000000); • There are two reasons to do so: 1. We forget the standard order of attributes for the relation. 2. We don’t have values for all attributes. Inserting Many Tuples • We may insert the entire result of a query into a relation, using the form: INSERT INTO <relation> ( <subquery> ); Example CREATE TABLE DisneyMovies( name VARCHAR2(25), year INT ); INSERT INTO DisneyMovies (SELECT title, year FROM Movie WHERE studioName = 'Disney' ); Deletion • To delete tuples satisfying a condition from some relation: DELETE FROM <relation> WHERE <condition>; Example • Delete from the Movie table the Disney’s movies: DELETE FROM Movie WHERE studioName ='Disney'; Example: Delete all Tuples • Make the relation Movie empty: DELETE FROM Movie; • No WHERE clause needed here.
    [Show full text]