Chufie' Ethnoscience Circulation Draft 1

Chufie’ Ethnoscience Circulation draft Chufie’ Ethnoscience Roger Blench Cameron Hamm Marieke Martin

English Latin IPA Orthographic Page Comments Mammals aardvark Orycteropus afer kəmbóʔù̀ kɨmbouʼŋkwʉ 294 ŋ̀kwɯ̌ bat, generic ndə ́ ndāŋ ndɨndaŋ 114/115,133 Bohor reedbuck Redunca redunca ǹdʒùó nzuo 403 brush-tailed Atherurus múpìæʔ mupiɛʼ 188 porcupine africanus buffalo Syncerus caffer ɲ̀ɲæ̂ nnyɛ 349 bush duiker Sylvicapria múkɥæ̀ʔ mukẅɛʼ 368 grimmia bushbuck Tragelaphus ŋ̀gjæ̂ ŋgyɛ 352 scriptus cane rat, cutting Thryonomys ǹdʒɯ́ ɯ̄ nzʉʉ 189 grass swinderianus chimpanzee Pan troglodytes mbìndẫ mbindaŋ 11 last seen in Bafanji in about 2006 civet Civettictis civetta ǹtʃwɔ ̃̌ nchwoŋ 272 climbing mouse Dendromus spp. ǹtjæ̌ pəgə̀ ̀ ntyɛpɨgɨ 197 elephant Loxodonta ssɔ ̃̂ ssoŋ 304 africana fat mouse Steatomys spp. mbùʔà mbuaʼmbyɛ 198 mbjæ̌ genet Genetta genetta mútʃɥì muchẅi 267 giant rat Cricetomys mbjæ̌ ndɔŋ́ mbyɛndoŋ 199 teeth are used for magical protection gambianus hippopotamus Hippopotamus ǹtʃɥí nchẅi 325 amphibius honey badger Mellivora capensis kɔ ̀ ŋgɔʔà̀ koŋguaʼ 232 lit. ‘scratch stone’ leopard Panthera pardus ŋ̀gɥɛ ̂ ŋgẅe 282 skin is used as a rug for the Fon leopard? ntʃɥ̀ì nchẅimaŋaʼ called ‘tiger’ máŋàʔà lion Panthera leo póʔù pouʼmɨndoŋ 284 1 Chufie’ Ethnoscience Circulation draft English Latin IPA Orthographic Page Comments məndà ṍ̃̀ monkey sp. tʃɔnìŋ̀ choniŋ 44 in error black, lives in trees otter Lutra spp. múpàʔà mupaʼ 235 otter shrew Potamogale velox múʃwɔ ̃̌ muswoŋ 137 palm civet Nandinia binotata ŋkʰɥ̥ɛ ̀ pɛ ̄ ŋkẅepe 275 patas monkey Erythrocebus patas ǹdəgì̀ ndɨgi 57 red in colour; lives in trees pied colobus Colobus guereza ŋ̀kà fúú ŋkafuu 29 white monkey; lives in tall trees like [llõ] porcupine Hystrix cristata ndʒɯ́ ɯ̄ nzʉʉ mɨsiɛʼ 187 məʃjæ̀ ̂ʔ red river hog Potamochoerus kúnà ŋ̀gũ̂ŋ kunaŋguŋ 330 porcus red-flanked duiker Cephalophus mútʃǐ ŋ̀kũ̌ muchiŋkuŋ 375 rufifilatus red-legged sun Heliosciurus sje ̃́ mɛndɛ̃̌ ᷆j syeŋmɨndei 172 squirrel rufiobrachium rope squirrel spp. Funisciurus spp. mbjæ̌ mbyɛmbouʼ 165 ‘tree squirrel’ mbòʔù scrub hare Lepus saxatilis pàkrə᷄ paklɨ 154 Senegal galago Galago kʰũ̂ kuŋ 103 senegalensis shrew Crocidura spp. múʃɥɛɛ̃́ ̃́ musẅeeŋ 145 slender mongoose Herpestes pɔ ̀ ŋɡû poŋgu 241 sanguinea striped ground Euxerus erythropus m̀ bjæ̌ pù mbyɛpu 161 tail used for magic squirrel tantalus monkey Cercopithecus ŋ̀kaj̃̂ fú ŋkaiŋfu 60 tantalus tree pangolin Phataginus ǹdòw ndou 290 ‘kata beef’ tricuspis zebra mouse Lemniscomys spp. múka᷅j mukaiŋ 213

Birds African green Treron calvus tōtōʔ ləlūʔù́ totoʼlɨluʼ 52/3 pigeon African paradise Terpsiphone viridis fèê fee 112/1 2 Chufie’ Ethnoscience Circulation draft English Latin IPA Orthographic Page Comments flycatcher bird sp. múꜜɣɔŋ́ mugoŋmɨndeeŋ hawk-like with white ring around its neck; lit. ‘hawk of məndɛ́ ɛ̃̀ ̃́ Mbouda’ bird sp. múzɯ᷆ɯ̄ pû muzʉʉpu small bird like a sparrow

bird sp. ŋèé ŋkʰɰ̥ ə ̀ ŋeeŋkẅɨmukwɛ mūkwæ᷆ bird sp. ŋgɯ́ ŋgəʔɯ̄ ̀ ŋgʉŋgɨʉʼ bird sp. ŋgjɛ ̂ ŋkũ̌ ŋgyeŋŋkuŋ black kite Milvus migrans mútȭŋ \ mutoŋ 18/1 múɣȭ carmine bee-eater Merops nubicus ŋ̀kɥæ̌ʔ lɔ ̃̄ ŋkẅɛʼloŋ 68/5 cattle egret Bubulcus ibis músɯ̄ gɯ̄ musʉgʉmɨnaʼ 7/6 mənàʔà̀ common bulbul Pycnonotus ǹtʃɥě wê nchẅewe 89/1 ‘clock bird’ barbatus eagle m̀ bɔʔú̀ mbouʼ probably generic for large raptors great blue turaco Corythaeola ŋ̀kálùʔú ŋkaluʼ 55/11 cristata green turaco Tauraco persa ŋ̀gɔʔù̀ ŋgouʼ 55/6 ***Cam wrote: 55/4 kingfisher Alcedo spp. mútʃūō muchuoŋkyɛ 66/3-5 ŋkjæ̀ malimbe Malimbus spp. múŋ̀ku pɯ̂ muŋkupʉ 134 probably the crested malimbe or the red-headed malimbe nightjar, generic Caprimulgidae kɔɔ́ ̄ koo 62 northern grey- Passer griseus múzɯ᷆ɯ̄ muzʉʉ 130 headed sparrow owl, generic ǹdəŋ̀ ndɨŋ 59 witch bird pied hornbill Tockus fasciatus mbóùʔ mbouʼŋgʉŋgyeŋ 72/3 ŋgɯ́ ŋgjɛ ̃̌ pied kingfisher Ceryle rudis swà ʃú swasu 66/6 lit. ‘pierce fish’ purple-headed Lamprotornis ǹtʃǎ ŋɥæ̀ʔ nchaŋẅɛʼ 128/6 glossy starling purpureiceps quail Coturnix coturnix səgǽ́ ʃéŋ̀ɡɥɛ ̄ sɨgɛsɨŋgẅe 31 most probably the common quail scaly francolin Francolinus mútāŋ mutaŋ 30/7 squamatus Senegal coucal Centropus tùú tùú tuutuu 58/3 3 Chufie’ Ethnoscience Circulation draft English Latin IPA Orthographic Page Comments senegalensis sunbirds Nectariniidae mǔtùgɛ ̀ mutuge 118 swallow Hirundidae múɣə ̄ mugɨ 83 thrushes Turdidae múlõ ̂ muloŋ 93 most probably the African thrush, Turdus pelios tinkerbirds, barbets Capitonidae m ṹpòʔꜜú mupouʼtʉ 75 lit. ‘tree striker’ (mu- is a noun prefix common for tɯ̄ animals) village weaver Ploceus cucullatus ʝəʝɛ́ ̂ gyɨgye 132/2 wagtails Motacillidae músəgɛ́ ̀ musɨgepaanɨŋ 87 lit. ‘counter of (farming) ridge’ pàáꜜnə ̃̀

Reptiles chameleon, generic kúúlúgɔ ̀ kuulugo cobra generic naja spp. tɔʔì́ / twáʔì tweiʼ 582, 586 ***cam also had page 456 egg-eater dasypeltis spp. pɛj́ mbɔṹ̃̀ peimboŋ 404 lit. ‘snatch egg’ (however the common word for egg is [ndzə]̀ - without apparent cognate in grassfields - a retention from proto-benue-congo?) emerald snake hapsidophrys ɣêj fjê geifye 446 may well apply to other green, non-venomous snakes smaragdina (ie. green mamba); lit. ‘fresh grass’ green mamba dendroaspis nũ̂ŋkũ̀ṹ nuŋkuuŋ 570 jamesoni hinged terrapin pelusios spp. kɥí māŋkɔʔɔ̀ ̀ kẅimaŋkoʼ 62 nile crocodile crocodylus ŋ̀gjɛ ̃̌ ŋgyeŋ 88 niloticus ornate monitor varanus ornatus kùú kuu 310 ***cam marked page 218 puff-adder bitis arietans sɛɯ́ ̀ sɨʉ 600 rock python python sebae səɯ́ ̀ sɨʉ 370 is this the same as #600?*** serrated hinged kinixys erosa kwí ŋ̀kũ̌ kẅiŋkuŋ 80 lit. ‘turtle of hill’ tortoise snake sp. kíà ŋkwɯ̂ kiaŋkwʉ snake sp. ŋ̀kɔ ̂ ŋko short, reddish-brown like the ground, puffs up its cheeks soft-shelled turtle trionyx triunguis kɥí ŋkǐ kẅiŋki 72 lit. ‘turtle of water’ spotted blind snake rhinotyphlops sp. ǹnɔ ̂ sjɛ ̂ nnosye 340 lit. ‘snake of ground’ yellow-throated thrasops záá ŋkjǣ zaaŋkyɛ 558 tree snake flavigularis

4 Chufie’ Ethnoscience Circulation draft English Latin IPA Orthographic Page Comments Frogs and toads frog sp. múʃwaã̀ ̃́ muswaaŋ water frog - small, brown frog sp. múʃwaã̀ ̃́ muswaaŋmutuʼ frog larger than [mútūʔù], edible mútūʔù frog sp. mútūʔù mutuʼ edible small frog frog sp. ntʃəntʃé ẽ́ ̃̄ nchɨncheeŋ land toad frog sp. ndì méè ndimeŋ lit. ‘baby sitter’ soft, white, is seen inside plantain stems

Fish fish sp. màɡbà \ magwa 29 màɡwà fish sp. mbòɡó mbogo 247 fish sp. mbòɡò mbogomɨgɨʉʼ large mouth məɡə̀ ʔɯ̀ ́ fish sp. mbɯ́ ɯ́ mbʉʉ 65 fish sp. ŋɡàlàwàʔ ŋgalawaʼ large catfish? borrowed from name ‘Garoua’? fish sp. sɛɛ́ ̀ líì seɨlii 107 fish sp. ʃû ŋɡwà suŋgwa 305 mudfish fish sp.

Insects ant sp. kṹŋ mòwû kuŋmɨwu seeks oil ant sp. kɥì kɥî kẅikẅi lives in tree, bites ant sp. ǹtɰə ́ sɛə̀ ̄ ntẅɨseɨ lives in ground, in groups, white eggs ant sp. sɯ́ sɯ̄ ʔ sʉsʉʼ lives in tree, black, builds hard nest on tree ant sp. tətɰə̀ ̂ ŋkũ̌ tɨtẅɨŋkuŋ builds hills, stinks, in groups, makes the ground around groundnut plants stink bedbug Cimicidae ŋgõŋ̌ ŋgoŋ butterfly Papilionidae ŋgwà ŋgwá ŋgwaŋgwanzi ndʒìì carpenter bee ? tá fùú tafuu caterpillar sp. tʃətʃù̀ chɨchu caterpillar sp. tʃətʃù̀ chɨchumunzuo lit. ‘caterpillar of groundnut’ múndʒùó caterpillar sp. tʃətʃǔ̀ ǹdì chɨchundimeŋ lit. ‘caterpillar of babysitter’ méè 5 Chufie’ Ethnoscience Circulation draft English Latin IPA Orthographic Page Comments caterpillar sp. kɯ́ ʔəˤ́ / kʉɨʼ pɔʔù̀ jɔʔù̀ caterpillar sp. ŋgəgǎj̀ ŋgɨŋgei cockroach Periplaneta mbəgí́ fɔɔ̀ ́ mbɨgifoo americana cricket sp. mútʃǐ muchimbɛlɛ jumping mbꜜǽlǽ cricket sp. mútʃǐ muchiŋkʉɨʼ lives in holes, does not jump/fly ŋkꜜɯ́ əˤ́ dragonfly Odonata ntìʔí ntīʔì ntiʼntiʼ 1 dung beetle Heliocopris spp. fùfùʔù mbɛ ̂ fufuʼmbe earthworm ŋəŋɥǽ ̂ ŋɨŋẅɛ firefly Lampyridae fṍ foŋ fly nìʔí kì niʼki flies to eyes, lit. ‘put soap’ fly ŋeẽ́ ndʒǐ̃́ ŋeenzi flying termite Hemiptera ŋ̀gúʔá ŋguaʼ hairy spider màŋgàŋ sjɛ ̂ maŋgaŋsye honey bee Apis spp. nənnɔ́ ᷆ nɨnno insect sp. môníŋ ꜜkə ̂ muniŋkɨ has six legs, long mouth jigger Tunga penetrans ǹtə ̌ ntɨ leech ssɔ ̂ sso locust, variegated Zonocerus múfòʔ mətjɛ́ ̂ mufoʼmɨtye 5 variegatus louse Mallophaga múɣàŋ mugaŋ mason wasp Belenogaster fàj ̄ fei griseus millipede Iule spp. ŋəŋɥæ̀ ̌ ŋɨŋẅɛmbiɛʼ mbíʔæ̀ mole cricket Gryllotalpa mútʃi᷅ muchi 4 africana mosquito Culicidae m̀ bəgí̀ mbɨgi moth ndíɛ ̀ ndʒꜜa ̃̂ ndienzaŋ palm grub m̀ bêj mbei plague locust Locusta migratoria ŋ̀gwɛɛ̃́ ̃́ ŋgweeŋ praying mantis Dictyoptera spp. ŋkwǒ kɔʔú̀ ŋkwokouʼmbafu ꜜmbâfù 6 Chufie’ Ethnoscience Circulation draft English Latin IPA Orthographic Page Comments sand fly Phlebotomidae múzɥìʔī muzẅiʼ shield bug Pentatomidae məsè ẽ́ ̃̄ mɨseeŋ 17 slug tìæ̀ʔ ndzəgǽ ̀ tiɛʼnzɨgɛpii kind that lives in plantains pìí soldier ant Dorylinae kṹŋ kuŋ spider, small ləllæ̀ ̂ lɨllɛ builds nets stem borer tʃətʃú́ ŋgəŋ̃̌ chɨchuŋgɨŋ lit. ‘caterpillar of maize’ sugar ant ŋə/ɛ̃́ ̃́ ŋíǽʔǽ ŋɨŋiɛʼ variation between schwa and /ɛ/ sweat fly nənnɔ́ ᷆ nɨnnoŋeeŋeeŋ not quite sure or variation /e/ and /i/ ŋeẽ̄ ŋẽ̄ ẽ̄ ̃̄ \ ŋiĩ́ ̃́ termite səɯ̀ ̀ ʔ sɨʉʼ builds mushroom mounds known as ŋkɔɔ̃̀ ̃́ ŋkɔ ̃̀ tsetse fly Glossinidae ŋeẽ́ ndʒǐ̃́ ssɔ ̃̂ ŋeenzissoŋ lit. ‘fly of elephant’ water boatman Corixidae ŋgɥæ̂ʔ ŋgẅɛʼnzʉʼ ǹdʒɯ̀ ʔɯ̄ weevil Curculionidae fùʔù fuʼ yam beetle fǔ fu

Crustacean crab múkɛɛ̃̄ ̃̄ mukeeŋ snail tíæ̀ʔæ̀ tiɛʼ shrimp ɥæ̂ʔ gẅɛʼ ; very small, used in preparing sauces

Cat. English Latin IPA Orthographic Page Comments Tree Ficus cordata tʃáá chaa 401 fig? Tree Ficus platyphylla tʃáá ŋ̀gwꜜô chaaŋgwo 408 lit. ‘fig of bush’ Tree mistletoe Loranthaceae, tʃúʔú leẽ̀ ̃̀ chuʼleeŋ 345 Tapinanthaceae Tree custard apple Annona senegalensis fèéfè feefe 155 edible fruit, wood used to make hoe handles Tree bamboo Oxytenanthera fɯ̀ ɯ́ lɛʔɛ̃́ ̃̀ fʉʉleŋʼ 434 lit. ‘large bamboo’ abyssinica Tree ɣṹ guŋ bark used medicinally; a very large tree that is sometimes used to mark village boundaries Tree kõ ̌ pəɯ̄ ̄ koŋpɨʉ short, used medicinally Tree kúʔǎ ꜜŋkũ̌ kuaʼŋkuŋ firewood that is only burned in the palace when the Fon dies Tree arrow poison Strophanthus kùkù ndʒāá kukunzaa 169 ?? uncertain identification 7 Chufie’ Ethnoscience Circulation draft Cat. English Latin IPA Orthographic Page Comments sarmaentosus Tree locust bean Parkia biglobosa kɯ́ lɯ́ ʔʉ́ kʉlʉʼmumbu 392 mûmbû Tree sausage tree Kigelia africana kù mbəgì̀ kumbɨgi 192 lit. ‘chew mosquito’ Tree kwɛɛ̀ ̀ məkwɛ̀ ʔɛ̃́ ̃́ kweɨmɨkweŋʼ firewood; used medicinally Tree là ŋkɥæ̌ʔ laŋkẅɛʼ medicine is made with the leaves Tree cactus Euphorbia lìæ̀ʔʕ tógó liɛʼtogo 294 kamerunica Tree llà ŋ̃́ llaŋ firewood- is this the same as [llṍ]?***̀ Tree llṍ̀ lloŋ found in swamp, used for timber Tree Ficus sycomorus llõ ̀ ŋ̀gwꜜô lloŋŋgwo 411 Tree lóù lou firewood Tree mbòô mboo large, has small fruit, used medicinally Tree mbɯ́ ɯ́ ʝiʝe mbʉʉgyigye called ‘black’ ; fruit like black olives, but pit is larger and has sharp angles Tree mbɯ́ ɯ́ mbʉʉmɨmbou called ‘plum tree’ (African shea butter nut) məmbô̄ Tree physic nut Jatropha curcas mɔ ́ fɔ ̀ ǹdɔ ̀ mofondo 300 used to mark boundaries and fences Tree tree sp. Bauhinia rufescens ǹdɛĵ ndei 225 ?? uncertain identification Tree ndʒɯ́ ɯ̀ nzʉʉ wild date palm (different from tree #178?)*** Tree ŋ̀geẽ́ ̃̀ ꜜŋ̀kũ̌ ŋgeeŋkuŋ Tree black plum Vitex doniana ŋ̀gõ ̂ ŋgoŋ 511 Tree wild date-palm Phoenix reclinata ŋ̀kəŋkòú̀ ŋkɨŋkou 178 grows in the swamps, monkeys eat its fruit Tree Grewia lasciodiscus ŋ̀kwò fũ̀ ŋkwofuŋ 499 leaf is used medicinally Tree raphia palm Raphia sudanica ŋ̀kjǽ ŋkyɛ 179 Tree peẽ̀ ꜛ̃́ fu peeŋfu 381 added from Cam’s notebook*** ; lit. ‘white bag’ Tree peẽ̀ ̃́ kəndə́ ɯ́ ́ peeŋkɨndɨʉ large, tall, flat top, used for timber and firewood, small leaves Tree Albizia chevalieri peẽ̀ ꜛ̃́ sí peeŋsi 380 lit. ‘black bag’ Tree pəɡə́ ́ mətʃìí́ pɨgɨmɨchii bark is used for blood medicine Tree kola nut Cola nitida pǐ pi Tree Voacanga africana pùʔá ŋkaj̃̄ puaʼŋkaiŋ 171 lit. ‘pumpkin of monkey’ ; called ‘bokanga’ in Cameroon Pidgin English; fruit is sold in the market Tree camwood Pterocarpus pɯ́ ɯ̀ pʉʉ 326 widely used in traditional ceremonies santalinoides 8 Chufie’ Ethnoscience Circulation draft Cat. English Latin IPA Orthographic Page Comments Tree Lophira lanceolata ʃjæ̂ siaʼ 426 bush mango?; used to make hoe handles Tree səɡǽ́ sɨgɛ used for firewood Tree mahogany Khaya senegalensis sísítɯ́ sisitʉ 355 firewood. ?? uncertain identification Tree Xeroderris sɛʔɯ́ ́ sɨʉʼ 329 ?? uncertain identification (***Cam has 328) stuhlmannii Tree Grewia flavescens ssɔ ̃̌ ssoŋ 498 ?? uncertain identification; iroko? Tree sandpaper tree Ficus exasperata ʃɯ̀ gɯ́ ǹtɔʔù́ sʉgʉntouʼ 403 firewood; leaves used to be used for washing pots; same as weed - 360? Could be a relic form of 'wash scrape' which in present day Chufie' would be [sɔɔ̀ ́ tɔʔū]̄ Tree oil-palm Elaeis guineensis táŋ (mbəgə̀ )̄ taŋ 175 the word in brackets is ‘palm nut’ which serves to distinguish between different kinds of [táŋ] Tree Piliostigma tóó ɲæ̂ toonyɛ 243 reticulatum Tree tulip tree Stereospermum túgó ꜜntʃɔɔ́ tʃjɛ́ ̌ tugonchoochye 195 lit. ‘announce compound.path’; leaves used kunthianum medicinally Tree tulip tree Markhamia lutea vəgə̀ ́ wɨgɨ 193 Cameroon type Tree ẁwǽ wwɛ hard wood, used to make rafters Crop calabash variety Cucurbita maxima kwàlàʔ kwalaʼ bowl Crop calabash variety Lagenaria siceraria ndəgə́ ̀ ndɨgɨ used to hold a small amount of gunpowder; also used as a cup Crop calabash variety Lagenaria siceraria nɥɛ ́ nẅe long straight neck Crop egusi variety Citrullus lanatus ǹdʒɯ̀ ʔɯ̄ nzʉʼ Crop egusi variety Citrullus lanatus ǹdʒɯ̀ ʔɯ̄ fɔɔ́ ́ nzʉʼfoo egusi seed Crop egusi variety Citrullus lanatus ǹdʒɯ̀ ʔɯ̄ nzʉʼmaŋkwaʼ large máŋkwàʔā Crop egusi variety Citrullus lanatus ǹdʒɯ̀ ʔɯ̄ tâŋ nzʉʼtaŋ calabash seed Crop calabash variety Lagenaria siceraria táŋ taŋ long curved neck Weed West African Smilax anceps fəɡí̀ ŋkʰɰ̥ ə ̂ fɨgiŋkẅɨ 542 sarsparilla Weed herb sp. Heterotis fíì ŋ̀kǐ fiiŋki 56 lit. ‘vegetable of water’ rotundifolia Weed herb sp. fíì ŋ̀kùʔà fiiŋkuaʼmɨlouʼ məlòꜝú̀ Weed horse purslane Trianthema fíì ŋkʷùʔà ŋ̀kū fiiŋkuaʼŋku 140 chewable vegetable with thorns portulacastrum 9 Chufie’ Ethnoscience Circulation draft Cat. English Latin IPA Orthographic Page Comments Weed thorny pigweed Amaranthus fíí pəgə̀ ̄ fiipɨgɨ 148 lit. ‘red vegetable’ spinosus Weed smutgrass Sporobolus fũ̀õ ̀ ʝɛj́ fuoŋgei 540 lit. 'king of grass' pyramidalis Weed shrub sp. Newbouldia laevis fwǒ swà fwoswa 202 Weed herb sp. Sphenocloa ɣəɣǎŋ̀ ŋ̀gwɔ ̂ gɨgaŋŋgwo 116 lit. ‘okra of bush’; ***Cam has page 118 zeylanica Weed Bahama grass, Cynodon dactylon ʝɛʝɛ̀ ̂ gyegye 86; dogstooth grass 468 Weed beniseed, sesame Sesamum indicum kàkàsī kakasi 368 < Hausa Weed water hyacinth Eichornia natans ka ̃́ kaŋ 108 Weed giant bluestem Andropogon kìʔæ̀ kiɛʼ 448 tectorum Weed tuber sp. Lavigeria kɔʔù́ ŋ̀kũ̌ kouʼŋkuŋ 274 lit. ‘cocoyam of hill’ macrocarpa Weed lion’s tail Leonotis nepetifolia kù mbəgí̀ kumbɨgimɨŋkoŋ 282 lit. ‘abcess of Bamukumbit’ məŋkɔ́ ŋ̃̌ Weed tea bush Leucas martinicensis kù mbəgí̀ kumbɨgiŋkẅɨ 284 lit. ‘abscess of bush’ ŋ̀kʰɰ̥ ə ̂ Weed sourgrass Paspalum kwe ̃́ məꜝkwɛ̀ ʔɛ́ ́ kweŋmɨkweŋʼ 510 lit. 'bend knees' conjugatum Weed shrub sp. Combretum ləgǽ̀ sí lɨgɛsi 218 lit. 'black vine' racemosum Tree vine sp. Cissus ləgǽ̀ tì məɣɯ̀ ̀ ə̄ lɨgɛtimɨgʉɨ 515 quadrangularis Weed ironweed Vernonia ambigua ləlɥí̀ sjɛfàʔ́ lɨlẅisyefaʼ 194 lit. 'bitter of field' Weed thistle Acanthus montanus mákaj̃̌ ŋgwɔ̀ ̂ makaiŋŋgwo 126 Weed bristly starbur Acanthospermum mákaj̃̀ sjɛfāʔ́ makaiŋsyefaʼ 160 hispidum Weed goatweed Ageratum mbɛ ́ ŋgweẽ̀ ̃̀ mbeŋgweeŋ 162 lit. ‘excrement of locust’ conyzoides Weed cow itch Mucuna pruriens mbìǽ kəká ̃̀ mbiɛkɨkaŋ Weed tropical Laportea aestuans mbìǽ kəkà ̃̀ mbiɛkɨkaŋŋgwo 412 nettleweed ŋgwɔ ̂ Weed herb sp. Blepharis mbù sáá mbusaa 130 maderaspatensis 10 Chufie’ Ethnoscience Circulation draft Cat. English Latin IPA Orthographic Page Comments Weed stinking cassia Senna hirsuta məfwǒ̄ swà mɨfwoswamɨnzoŋ 304 məndʒɔ́ ̃̌ Weed tasselflower Emilia coccinea mùkwǒ ndʒâʔ mɨkwonzaʼ 176 Weed grass sp. Echinochloa məsə̀ gə́ ́ ŋ̀kǐ mɨsɨgɨŋki 76 lit. ‘broom of water’ pyramidalis Weed grass sp. Chrsopogon məsə̀ gə́ ̀ zú mɨsɨgɨzu 464 aciculatus Weed tamborkie grass Hyperthelia múlɔɔ̃̀ ̃́ mulooŋ 494 dissoluta Weed cape gooseberry Physalis angulata múndəndə̀ ŋ̃̄ mundɨndɨŋ 396 Weed sedge sp. Cyperus difformis múnwi ̃̄ hɔ ̃̀ munwiŋhoŋ 17 lit. ‘knife of god’ Weed purslane Portulaca oleracea múndʒùꜝɔ ́ munzuokuna 372 Cam has page 362***; lit. ‘groundnut of pig’ kúnà Weed herb sp. Merremia aegyptia mútaj̃̀ mbwô mutaiŋmbwo 240 lit. 'the five hands' Weed herb sp. Hibiscus asper ǹtʃaŋ̃̀ mbæ̀ nchaŋmbɛ 344 lit. ‘arrive mountain’ Weed fleabane Conyza sumatrensis ǹtʃíʔɛ ̂ nchieʼ 174 Weed haemorrhage Aspilia africana ǹtʃwâ pəgə̀ ̄ nchwapɨgɨŋguŋ 164 plant ŋɡũ᷆ Weed water spinach Ipomoea aquatica ndə ̀ pìæ̀ʔ ndɨpiɛʼmumbu 14 lit. ‘tobacco of dog’ mûmbû Weed balsam pear Momordica ǹdùɣwà nduga 246 used in twin rituals charantia Weed swordgrass, Imperata cylindrica nəʔə̀ ́ nɨʼ 496 also called speargrass congograss Weed herb sp. Phyllanthus amarus ǹtɔʔɔ̀ ̀ lɔŋ̃̌ ntoʼloŋ 270 Weed blanketgrass Rhyncheletrum ǹtúò fú ntuofu 524 repens Weed herb sp. Hypoestis forskalei ǹdʒà ŋ̀gwɔ ̂ nzaŋɡwo 134 Weed herb sp. Polycarpaea ǹdʒà ŋ̀kũ̌ nzaŋkuŋ 208 corymbosa Weed herb sp. Aneilema beninense ŋgəŋgɔ̀ ̀ pɛʔí̀ ŋgɨŋgopeiʼndɨgɛ 428 ndəgǽ̀ Weed wandering jew Commenlina ŋgəŋgɔ̀ ̀ pɛʔí̀ ŋgɨŋgopeiʼndɨgɛŋgwo 430 benghalensis ndəgǽ̀ ŋgwɔ ̂ Weed khakiweed Alternanthera ŋ̀gɔ ̂ ŋgo 146 pungens 11 Chufie’ Ethnoscience Circulation draft Cat. English Latin IPA Orthographic Page Comments Weed cramcram, Cenchrus biflorus ŋgúŋ sɛɛ̃̀ ̃́ ŋguŋseɨ 460 hedgehog grass Weed herb sp. Asystasia gangetica m̀ gwàlàʔ \ ŋgwalaʼ 128 ŋɡbàlàʔ Weed sessile joyweed Alternanthera ŋgwa ̃̌ ŋkǐ ŋgwaŋŋkimɨmbeŋʼ 4 sessilis məmbɛ̀ ʔɛ̃́ ̃̀ Weed water lettuce Pistia stratiotes ŋgwa ̃̌ ŋkǐ ŋgwaŋŋkimɨŋgẅe 6 məŋgɥɛ̀ ́ Weed herb sp. Triumfetta ŋ̀kwɯ̌ ŋ̀gwô ŋkwʉŋgwo 408 lit. ‘death of bush’ cordifolia Weed herb sp. ŋkù mbəgì̀ ŋkumbɨgiŋkẅɨ sim. to 158 ŋkʰɰ̥ ə ̂ Weed herb sp. Palisota hirsuta ŋkùŋkùʔù paj̃́ ŋkuŋkuʼpaiŋntuaʼ 434 lit. ‘sugarcane of princes’ ntùʔà Weed garden spurge Euphorbia hirta pəŋ̃̀ méè pɨŋmeŋ 262 lit. ‘milk of child’ Weed ten o’clock plant Portulaca pəŋ̃̌ méè pɨŋmeŋkʉkʉʼ 374 lit. ‘small milk of child’ quadrifida kɯ̄ kɯ̄ ʔɯ̄ Weed Mexican Tithonia diversifolia pûpùʔù pupuʼ 190 sunflower Weed sedge sp. Mariscus sáká saka 440 alternifolius Weed tea senna Chamaecrista sàklɛ ̀ ŋkù ̃̌ sakleŋkuŋ 294 lit. ‘sieve of hill’ mimosoides Weed herb sp. sàwà kjɛ ̄ sawakye possibly 252? Weed herb sp. Cnestis ferruginea sî ŋ̀kʰɰ̥ ə ̂ siŋkẅɨ 222 lit. ‘black of bush’ Weed loofah, vine sp. Luffa cylindrica sìsì sisi 244 lit. ‘thread thread’ Weed sedge generic Cyperus spp. ʃíʃíʔæ̀ ŋ̀kǐ sisiɛʼŋki 25 Weed broomweed Sida acuta sɔ ̃̌ ʝî soŋgi 348 Weed vine sp. Sida garckeana sɔ ̃̌ ʝî pəgə̀ ̄ soŋgipɨgɨ 352 ***Cam has page 252 Weed bracken, fern Pteridium spp. sɯ̀ gɯ̀ sɯ̀ gɯ̀ sʉgʉsʉgʉ 444 generic Weed black Solanum nigrum ʃɯ̂ məꜝzə̀ gǽ́ sʉmɨzɨgɛŋki 402 "njamanjama" nightshade, ŋ̀kǐ huckleberry Weed sandpaper tree Ficus exasperata sǔ ntɔùʔ́ suntouʼ 360 sand leaf (same as tree - 403?)*** Weed turkeyberry Solanum torvum ʃɯ̂ ŋkɛɛ̃̀ ̃́ ndɛɛ̃̀ ̃̀ sʉŋkeeŋndeeŋ 404 fruit used medicinally 12 Chufie’ Ethnoscience Circulation draft Cat. English Latin IPA Orthographic Page Comments Weed gamba grass Andropogon sɯ̄ so᷆w sʉsou 446 called 'elephant stalk' gayanus Weed herb sp. Spilanthes filicaulis tətɰə́ ᷇ m̀ bəgə̀ ́ tɨtẅɨmbɨgɨ 186 Weed waterleaf Talinum triangulare wàtàlǐf watalif 376 < English ‘waterleaf’ Weed blackjack Bidens pilosa wɛj̀ meŋ̃́ pɔʔù́ weimeŋpouʼ 168 Weed grass sp. Brachiaria deflexa wúŋgɥɛ ̀ wuŋgẅe 454 lit. ‘Mr Leopard’ Weed witchweed Striga hermonthica zíɛzū́ ziezu 394 Weed ditch millet Paspalum zəgə́ ̀ ʝɛj̄ ́ zɨgɨgei 512 scrobiculatum Crop onion Allium cepa áɲōsì anyosi Crop yam variety Dioscorea sp. fəgí̀ fɨgi red in colour Crop water yam Dioscorea alata fú fu white, heavy Crop bitterleaf Vernonia spp. ʝî gi Crop okra Abelmoschus ɣəɣɑ̀ ̃̀ gɨgaŋ esculentus Crop cocoyam variety Colocasia esculenta kòʔú kouʼ Crop cocoyam variety Colocasia esculenta kòʔú ꜜkwǎ kouʼkwa lit. ‘cocoyam of coast’ Crop three leaf yam Dioscorea ləʔɯ̀ ́ lɨʉʼ dumetorum Crop macabo generic Xanthosoma mákāpù makapu mafaffa Crop macabo variety Xanthosoma mákāpù makapumbɨgɨ lit. “red macabo” mafaffa mbəgə̀ ́ Crop plantain variety Musa paradisiaca máŋkȭ maŋkoŋ fat fingers Crop cocoyam variety Colocasia esculenta máꜜpəlɛ̄ ̄ ŋko᷆ŋ mapɨleŋkoŋ Crop cocoyam variety Colocasia esculenta mbǎŋ mbaŋ Crop bean məkɔ̀ ŋ̄ mɨkoŋ Crop bean variety məkɔ̀ ŋ́ fī mɨkoŋfi lit. ‘fresh bean’ Crop bean variety məkɔ̀ ŋ́ lɛʔɛ̃́ ̃̀ mɨkoŋleŋʼ lit. ‘big bean’ Crop rice Oryza sativa məkɔ̀ ŋ́ məkǽ ̂ mɨkoŋmɨkɛ lit. ‘whiteman bean’ Crop groundnut Arachis hypogaea múndʒùó munzuo Crop garden egg Solanum sp. ǹdɥíndɥî ndẅindẅi bitter, smaller grains variety Crop wild garden egg Solanum torvum ǹdɥìndɥì ndẅindẅimusʉgʉ músɯ̄ gɯ̄ Crop yam variety Dioscorea sp. ǹtjɛ ̀ ǹtjɛ ̄ ntyentye round 13 Chufie’ Ethnoscience Circulation draft Cat. English Latin IPA Orthographic Page Comments Crop Bambara Vigna subterranea ǹdʒùó nzuo groundnut Crop maize Zea mays ŋgəŋ̌ ŋgɨŋ Crop rizga Plectranthus ŋgɯ̀ kɯ̀ ŋgʉkʉ “local carrot”; small, sweetish, thin, long esculentus Crop sweet potato ŋɡùkwǎ ŋgukwa white flesh variety Crop Irish potato Solanum esculentum ŋgùkwǎ məkæ̀ ̂ ŋgukwamɨkɛ Crop plantain gen. Musa paradisiaca ŋgũ̀ɔ ̃́ ŋguoŋ Crop plantain variety Musa paradisiaca ŋgũ̀ɔ ̃́ kɛndèj̀ ŋguoŋkɨndei short fingers Crop plantain variety Musa paradisiaca ŋgũ̀ɔ ̃́ kɔʔù́ ŋguoŋkouʼ lit. ‘plantain of cocoyam’ Crop banana pæ̀nɛnnǽ ̀ pɛnennɛ obviously borrowed Crop pumpkin Cucurbita pepo pùʔà puaʼ Crop cassava Manihot esculenta sásũ̂ sasuŋ Crop sweet potato Ipomoea batatas sòkò soko yellow flesh (borrowed word, don’t know where from) Crop garden egg Solanum sp. ʃɯ́ sʉ Crop aerial yam Dioscorea bulbifera tɔʔù́ touʼ Crop calabash yam zɔʔù́ zouʼ white (Calabar yam)

14 Chufie’ Ethnoscience Circulation draft References

Arbonnier, Michel 2009. Arbres, arbustes et lianes des zones sèches d’Afrique de l’Ouest. Montpellier: CIRAD. Bâ Amadou, Duponnois Robin, Diabate Moussa, Dreyfys Bernard 2011. Les Champignons Ectomycorhiziens Des Arbres Forestiers en Afrique de l'Ouest. Paris : IRD Editions. Berland L. 1955 Les arachnides de l'Afrique noire française. Dakar : IFAN. (Initiations et Etudes africaines de l'IFAN - 12). Boorman, John 1981. West African insects. Longmans: Burnt Mill. Borrow N. and Demey, R. 2004. Birds of Western Africa. London: Christopher Helm Publishers. Burkill, H.M. 1985. The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa, Families A-D, Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens. Burkill, H.M. 1994. The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa, Families E-I, Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens. Burkill, H.M. 1995. The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa, Families J-L, Kew, Royal Botanic Gardens. Burkill, H.M. 1997. The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa, Families M-R, Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens. Burkill, H.M. 2000. The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa, Families S-Z, Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens. Burkill, H.M. 2004. The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa, General Index. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens. Chirio, L., & LeBreton, M. 2007. Atlas des reptiles du Cameroun. Paris: IRD Editions. Hawthorne, W. & Jongkind, C., 2006. Woody plants of western African forests: a guide to the forest trees, shrubs and lianes from Senegal to Ghana. Kew, United Kingdom: Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens. Kingdon, J. & Pagel, M. 1997. The Kingdon field guide to African mammals. London: Academic Press. Okezie Akobundu, I. & C.W. Agyakwa 1998. A handbook of West African weeds. 2nd ed. Ibadan: International Institute of Tropical Agriculture. Paugy, D. Lévêque, C. & G. Teugels 2004. Poissons d’eaux douces et saumâtres de l’Afrique de l’Ouest. Paris/Bruxelles: IRD/MRAC. Raponda-Walker, A. & Sillans, R., 1961. Les plantes utiles du Gabon. Paris: Paul Lechevalier. Rosevear, D.R. 1969. The Rodents of West Africa. London: British Museum (Natural History). Rosevear, D.R. 1974. The Carnivores of West Africa. London: British Museum (Natural History). Trape, J. F., & Mané, Y. 2006. Guide des serpents d'Afrique occidentale: savane et désert. Paris: IRD. Trape, J. F., Chirio, L., Trape, S., Diatta, G., Mané, Y., & Chauvancy, G. 2012. Lézards, crocodiles et tortues d'Afrique occidentale et du Sahara. Paris: IRD. Vivien, J. 1991. Faune du Cameroun: guide des mammifères et poissons. Yaoundé : GICAM. Vivien, J. 1991. Faune du Cameroun: guide des mammifères et poissons. Yaoundé : GICAM. Vivien, J. and J.J. Faure 1985. Arbres des forêts denses d'Afrique Centrale. République Française : Ministère des relations extérieures coopérations et développement et Agence de coopération culturelle et technique. Paris : Agence de coopération culturelle et technique.