THE EFFECT OF NUCLEAR AND JOINT FAMILY SYSTEM ON THE MORAL DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS AT ELEMENTARY LEVEL BY MUHAMMAD MUMTAZ ALI Registration No. 113-NUN-0418 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy In Education FACULTY OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES NORTHERN UNIVERSITY, NOWSHERA PAKISTAN, 2017 AUTHOR’S DECLARATION I Muhammad Mumtaz Ali hereby state that my Ph. D. thesis titled, “The Effect of Nuclear and Joint Family System on the Moral Development of Students at Elementary Level”, is my own work and has not been submitted previously by me for taking any degree from this University (Northern University, Nowshera) or anywhere else in the country/world. At any time if my statement is found to be incorrect even after my graduation the university has the right to withdraw my Ph. D. degree. Name of Student: _____________________ (Muhammad Mumtaz Ali) Date: __________________________ ii PLAGIARISM UNDERTAKING I solemnly declare that the research work presented in the thesis titled, “The Effect of Nuclear and Joint Family System on the Moral Development of Students at Elementary Level”; is solely my own research work with no significant contribution from any other person. Small contribution/help whenever taken has been duly acknowledged and that the complete thesis has been written by me. I understand the zero tolerance policy of the Higher Education Commission and the Northern University, Nowshera towards plagiarism. Therefore, I as an Author of the above titled thesis declare that no portion of my thesis has been plagiarized and any material used as reference is properly referred/cited. I understand that if I am found guilty of any formal plagiarism in the above titled thesis even after the award of the Ph. D. degree, the university reserves the right to withdraw/revoke my Ph. D. degree and that Higher Education Commission and the university have the right to place my name on the HEC/University Website on which names of those students are placed who submitted plagiarized thesis. Student/Author Signature: __________________ Name: _____________________ (Muhammad Mumtaz Ali) iii CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL This is to certify that the research work presented in this thesis, titled, “The Effect of Nuclear and Joint Family System on the Moral Development of Students at Elementary Level”, was conducted by Mr. Muhammad Mumtaz Ali under the supervision of Prof. Dr. R. A. Farooq. No part of this thesis has been submitted anywhere else for any other degree. This thesis is submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (Northern University, Nowshera) in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the field of Education, Department of Education, Northern University, Nowshera. Student Name: Muhammad Mumtaz Ali Signature:___________________ Examination Committee: a) External Examiner 1: Name Signature: (Designation & Office Address) Prof. Dr. Gulsun KURUBACAK Anadolu University College of Open Education Group Coordinator of R & D and International Relations, Office #313 Yunusemre Campus, Eskisehir 26470, TURKEY b) External Examiner 2: Name Signature: (Designation & Office Address) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nilgun Tosun Department of Computer Education and Instructional Technology Faculty of Education, Trakya University, Kosova Campus Edirne - TURKIYE c) Internal Examiner : Name Signature: (Designation & Office Address) Prof. Dr. Mumtaz Akhtar Dean, Faculty of Education Institute of Education and Research University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore (Pakistan) Supervisor Name: Prof. Dr. R. A. Farooq Signature:___________ Co-Supervisor Name: Prof. Dr. Rabia Tabassum Signature: Name of Dean/HOD: Prof. Dr. R. A. Farooq Signature: iv DEDICATION This piece of work is dedicated to My loving parents, Wife, Daughter Wajiha and Khadija and son Muhammad Ayan Ali And also to My best teacher Madam Rabia Tabassum Who Supported me To make my dreams Come true. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements xii Abstract xiv Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 01 1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 05 1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 05 1.3 HYPOTHESES OF THE STUDY 05 1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 06 1.5 DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 06 1.6 METHOD AND PROCEDURE 07 1.6.1 Population 07 1.6.2 Sample 07 1.6.3 Research Instrument 07 1.6.4 Data Collection 08 1.6.5 Analysis of Data 08 Chapter 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 09 2.1 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 09 2.1.1 Concept of the Family 10 2.1.2 Historical Background of the Family 11 2.1.3 Characteristics of the Family 13 2.1.3.1 A system of nomenclature 13 2.1.3.2 Marriage 14 2.1.3.3 Common roof 14 2.1.4 Functions of the Family 15 2.1.4.1 Provision of economic support 15 vi 2.1.4.2 Satisfaction of sexual needs and reproduction 15 2.1.4.3 Provision of security and protection 16 2.1.4.4 Socializing agency 16 2.1.4.5 Moral development 17 2.1.5 Types of Family 17 2.1.5.1 Families on the basis of residence 18 2.1.5.1.1 Matrilocal family 18 2.1.5.1.2 Patriocal family 18 2.1.5.1.3 Neolocal family 19 2.1.5.2 Families on the basis of lineage/ancestry 19 2.1.5.2.1 Patrilineal family 19 2.1.5.2.2 Matrilineal family 19 2.1.5.2.3 Bilateral family 19 2.1.5.3 Families on the basis of authority 20 2.1.5.3.1 Patriarchal family 20 2.1.5.3.2 Matriarchal family 20 2.1.5.4 Families on the basis of marriage 21 2.1.5.4.1 Monogamous family 21 2.1.5.4.2 Polygamous family 21 2.1.5.5 Families on the basis of size or structure 22 2.1.5.5.1 Nuclear family 22 2.1.5.5.2 Joint family 22 2.1.5.5.3 Extended family 23 2.1.6 Marriage and the Family 23 2.1.7 Functions of Marriage 24 vii 2.1.8 Advantages of Nuclear Family 24 2.1.9 Disadvantages of Nuclear Family 25 2.1.10 Advantages of Joint Family 26 2.1.11 Disadvantages of Joint Family 27 2.1.12 Disintegration of Joint Family in Pakistan 28 2.1.13 Moral Development 30 2.1.13.1 Morality 33 2.1.13.2 Moral values 35 2.1.14 Factors Affecting Moral Development 36 2.1.14.1 Family 36 2.1.14.2 Gender 37 2.1.14.3 Home environment 38 2.1.14.4 Religion 39 2.1.14.5 School 40 2.1.14.6 Socioeconomic status 41 2.1.14.7 Media and globalization 41 2.1.15 Theories of Moral Development 44 2.1.15.1 Piaget’s theory of moral judgment 44 2.1.15.2 Kohlberg’s theory of moral development 45 2.1.15.2.1 Kohlberg’s stages of moral development 46 2.2 THEORETICAL BASIS OF THE STUDY 52 2.3 RELATED STUDIES 52 2.3.1 Family and Moral Development 53 2.3.1.1 Polygamous and monogamous families and moral development 54 viii 2.3.1.2 Single parent family, two parent family and moral development 54 2.3.1.3 Nuclear and joint families and moral development 56 2.3.2 Religious Education and Moral Development 58 2.3.3 Parental Involvement and Moral Development 61 2.3.4 Gender and Moral Development 63 2.3.5 Rural and Urban Localities and Moral Development 65 2.3.6 The Role of Grandparents in Moral Development 66 2.3.7 Home Environment and Moral Development 67 2.3.8 School Environment and Moral Development 70 2.3.9 Family Size and Moral Development 71 2.4 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY 73 Chapter 3: METHOD AND PROCEDURE 76 3.1 POPULATION 76 3.2 SAMPLE 77 3.3 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT 78 3.3.1 Pilot Testing 78 3.3.2 Validity of the Instrument 79 3.3.3 Reliability of the Instrument 79 3.4 DATA COLLECTION 80 3.5 ANALYSIS OF DATA 80 Chapter 4: ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA 82 4.1 DISCUSSION 94 Chapter 5: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 96 5.1 SUMMARY 96 ix 5.2 CONCLUSIONS 97 5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS 98 5.4 SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH 101 BIBLIOGRAPHY 102 APPENDICES Appendix A: Moral Judgment Interview 120 Appendix B: List of Schools included in the Sample 124 x LIST OF TABLE 1. Distribution of elementary students by gender 82 2. Distribution of elementary students by age 82 3. Distribution of elementary students by class 83 4. Distribution of elementary students by family type 83 5. Distribution of elementary students by residential area 84 6. Distribution of elementary students by family size 84 7. Distribution of elementary students by earner in the family 84 8. Significance of difference between stages of moral development of elementary students belonging to nuclear and joint family systems 85 9. Showing significance of difference between mean scores of elementary students belonging to nuclear and joint family systems 86 10. Showing difference between mean scores of male and female elementary students belonging to joint and nuclear family systems 87 11. Showing significance of difference between mean scores of male and female elementary students belonging to joint family system 88 12. Showing difference between mean scores of elementary students belonging to joint and nuclear family systems with respect to their residential areas. 89 13. Showing significance of difference between mean scores of elementary students of joint family system belonging to rural and urban localities 90 14. Showing difference between mean scores of elementary students belonging to joint and nuclear family systems with respect to family size 91 15.