Cips) Are Prepared by Researching Publicly Accessible Information Currently Available to the Refugee Documentation Centre Within Time Constraints

31 March 2010

Refugee Documentation Centre

Country Information Package

ETHIOPIA

Disclaimer Country Information Packs (CIPs) are prepared by researching publicly accessible information currently available to the Refugee Documentation Centre within time constraints. CIPs contain a selection of representative links to sources under a number of categories for use as Country of Origin Information. Please note that CIPs are not, and do not purport to be, exhaustive with regard to conditions in the countries surveyed or conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or protection. The General Human Rights Reports category contains links to information which may be useful for a number of the other categories.

List of Documents

1. Nationality/Citizenship/Residency

Immigration And Refugee Board of Canada (14 January 2010) Ethiopia: The treatment of Eritreans by the Ethiopian government authorities (2008-2009) http://www.unhcr.org/cgibin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=printdoc&docid=4b7cee7b18

National Legislative Bodies (21 August 1995) Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae6b5a84.html

Refugee International (30 May 2008) Ethiopia-Eritrea: Stalemate Takes toll on Eritreans and Ethiopians of Eritrean Origin http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/48453d7d2.pdf

UNHCR Refworld (23 December 2003) Proclamation on Ethiopian Nationality, No. 378 of 2003 (Ethiopia). 378/2003 http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/409100414.html

2. Maps Ethnologue (2005) Language Map of Ethiopia http://www.ethnologue.com/show_map.asp?name=ET&seq=20

Expedia (undated) Ethiopia Africa http://www.expedia.com/pub/agent.dll?qscr=mrdr&fmap=1&lats1=8.621 958671397719&lons1=39.63497645165328&alts1=3043®n1=2&plc e1=Ethiopia%2C+Africa&

UN High Commissioner for Refugees (September 2006) Map of Ethiopia, as of September 2006 http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4718973f10.html

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) (9 February 2009) Map of Conflicts in Central and East Africa: January 2009 http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4993eaf92.html

3. Local Information/Language/Culture/Customs BBC Country Profiles (3 June 2008) Ethiopia http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/1072164.stm

CIA (18 December 2008) World Factbook - Ethiopia https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/et.html

Department of Foreign Affairs (Ireland) (8 January 2010) Travel Advice Ethiopia http://www.dfa.ie/home/index.aspx?id=8564

Ethnologue (2005) Languages of Ethiopia http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=ET

IRIN News (February 2007) Country Profile - Ethiopia http://www.irinnews.org/country.aspx?CountryCode=ET&RegionCode= HOA

National Geographic (Undated) Travel and Cultures Ethiopia http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/places/countries/country_ethiopia. html

UN High Commissioner for Refugees (January 2010) UNHCR Country Briefing Folder on Ethiopia http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/4b6aced22.pdf

United States Department of State (21 October 2009) Country Specific Information - Ethiopia http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1113.html

United States Department of State (December 2009) Country Background Note Ethiopia http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2859.htm

US Library of Congress (April 2005) COUNTRY PROFILE: ETHIOPIA http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Ethiopia.pdf

World Bank (Undated) Ethiopia Overview http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAE XT/ETHIOPIAEXTN/0,,contentMDK:20215718~menuPK:295946~page PK:1497618~piPK:217854~theSitePK:295930,00.html

4. General Human Rights Reports

Amnesty International (13 April 2009) Ethiopia Submission to the UN Universal Periodic Review Sixth session of the UPR Working Group of the Human Rights Council November-December 2009 http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR25/004/2009/en/52d803e9 -3f0c-4529-a02c-571cffe4ed20/afr250042009en.html

Amnesty International (28 May 2009) Annual Report 2008 Ethiopia http://thereport.amnesty.org/en/regions/africa/ethiopia

Freedom House (25 September 2007) Countries at the Crossroads 2007 Ethiopia http://www.freedomhouse.org/modules/publications/ccr/modPrintVersio n.cfm?edition=8&ccrpage=37&ccrcountry=156

Freedom House (16 July 2009) Freedom in the World 2009 Ethiopia http://www.unhcr.org/cgibin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=printdoc&docid=4a6452bac

Human Rights Watch (20 January 2010) World Report 2010 Ethiopia http://www.hrw.org/en/node/87604

Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) (3 December 2009) Ethiopia: Human rights violations and conflicts continue to cause displacement http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/4aa0e1472.pdf

International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) (27 May 2008) ICRC Annual Report 2007 Ethiopia http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/484e7a530.html

International Federation for Human Rights (18 June 2009) Observatory for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders Annual Report 2009 - Ethiopia http://www.unhcr.org/cgibin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=printdoc&docid=4a5f300a23

United Kingdom Home Office (10 August 2009) Country of Origin Information Report Ethiopia http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/country_reports.html#countries

UN Human Rights Council (22 September 2009) Summary Prepared By The Office Of The High Commissioner For Human Rights, In Accordance With Paragraph 15 (C) Of The Annex To Human Rights Council Resolution 5/1 Ethiopia http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/4acc63fc0.pdf

United States Department of State (11 March 2010) Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2008 - Ethiopia http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2009/af/135953.htm

5. Conflict/Security

Amnesty International (25 April 2008) Somalia/Ethiopia: Deliberate killing of civilians is a war crime http://www.amnesty.org/en/for-media/press-releases/somaliaethiopia- deliberate-killing-civilians-war-crime-20080425

BBC News (26 February 2009) Thousands flee Ethiopia clashes http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/rss/-/2/hi/africa/7912242.stm

Global Security (Undated) Ethiopia - History http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ethiopia/history.htm

Human Rights Watch (30 June 2009) An Analysis of Ethiopia s Draft Anti-Terrorism Law http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/06/30/analysis-ethiopia-s-draft-anti- terrorism-law

Human Rights Watch (June 2008) Collective Punishment War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity in the Ogaden area of Ethiopia's Somali Regional State http://hrw.org/reports/2008/ethiopia0608/ethiopia0608web.pdf

Human Rights Watch (4 July 2007) Ethiopia: Crackdown in East Punishes Civilians http://hrw.org/english/docs/2007/07/02/ethiop16327.htm

Human Rights Watch (27 November 2008) Ethiopia: Charge or Free Ethnic Oromo Terrorism Suspects http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2008/11/26/ethiopia-charge-or-free-ethnic- oromo-terrorism-suspects

International Crisis Group (4 September 2009) Ethiopia: Ethnic Federalism And Its Discontents http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/4aa4c0c82.pdf

International Crisis Group (17 June 2008) Beyond the Fragile Peace between Ethiopia and Eritrea: Averting New War http://www.crisisgroup.org/library/documents/africa/horn_of_africa/nd_t he_fragile_peace_between_ethiopia_and_eritrea_averting_new_war.p df

International Crisis Group (22 December 2005) Ethiopia and Eritrea: Preventing War http://www.crisisgroup.org/library/documents/africa/horn_of_africa/101_ ethiopia_and_eritrea_preventing_war.pdf

International Crisis Group (5 November 2007) Ethiopia and Eritrea: Stopping the Slide to War http://www.crisisgroup.org/library/documents/africa/horn_of_africa/b48_ ethiopia_and_eritrea___stopping_the_slide_to_war.pdf

Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (October 2007) Addressing the rights and needs of people displaced by conflict http://www.internal- displacement.org/8025708F004BE3B1/(httpInfoFiles)/45DF6AD3E2E2 DA3DC12573840037E3ED/$file/Ethiopia+-October+2007.pdf

IRIN News (13 January 2008) Ethiopia-Somalia: Ethiopian troops leave parts of Mogadishu http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=82337

IRIN News (21 May 2009) Ethiopia: Giving peace a chance in South Omo http://www.irinnews.org/PrintReport.aspx?ReportId=84479

Relief Web (10 July 2008) Repeated obstructions lead MSF Switzerland to pull out from Fiiq, Somali Region of Ethiopia http://www.reliefweb.int/rwarchive/rwb.nsf/db900sid/SHIG- 7GEDAP?OpenDocument

Reliefweb (28 November 2008) Ethiopia to exit Somalia by year end, fears of security vacuum http://www.reliefweb.int/rwarchive/rwb.nsf/db900sid/MCOI- 7LTMZ4?OpenDocument

Reliefweb (3 February 2009) Somalis say Ethiopian troops enter, Addis denies http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900SID/ASAZ- 7NWCGR?OpenDocument&RSS20=02-P

UN Security Council (7 April 2008) Special report of the Secretary- General on the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1228_1208342662_ethiopiaueritrea.pdf

UN Security Council (23 January 2008) Report of the Secretary- General on Ethiopia and Eritrea http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/47999ea52.pdf

6. Minority/Ethnic Groups

Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation (ACCORD) (28 August 2009) Ethiopia: Information on the human rights situation of the Anuak (also: Anyuak, Anywaa, Agnwak) and Nuer populations http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/4a9cd9292.pdf

Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation (ACCORD) (25 May 2009) Ethiopia: Current treatment of Ethiopian Jews (Falasha, Beta Israeli); discrimination by state or non-state agents http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/4a1bc66a2.pdf

Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation (ACCORD) (20 May 2009) Treatment of Madhiban/Midgan/Medigan minority clan originating from the Ogaden area by Ethiopian forces in the area and by members of majority clans http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/response_en_121238.html

Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (18 January 2010) Ethiopia: Treatment of Ethiopian citizens of Somali origin by the Ethiopian authorities http://www.unhcr.org/cgibin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=printdoc&docid=4b7cee7c5

Immigration & Refugee Board of Canada (20 February 2007) Ethiopia: Legislation and legal protection available to homosexuals and their treatment by society and government authorities http://www.unhcr.org/cgibin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=printdoc&a mp;docid=469cd6b815

International Lesbian Gay Association (undated) Ethiopia Country Survey http://ilga.org/ilga/en/countries/ETHIOPIA/Law

IRIN News (23 July 2008) AFRICA: Homophobia fuelling the spread of HIV http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=79397

Minority Rights Group International (July 2009) Peoples Under Threat 2009 Mark Lattimer http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/4a97ce992.pdf

Minority Rights Group International (March 2008) State of the World s Minorities 2008 http://www.minorityrights.org/download.php?id=459

Minority Rights Group International (12 December 2008) A Double Bind: The Exclusion of Pastoralist Women in the East and Horn of Africa http://www.minorityrights.org/7587/reports/a-double-bind-the-exclusion- of-pastoralist-women-in-the-east-and-horn-of-africa.html

UN Human Rights Council (28 February 2007) UN Human Rights Council: Addendum to the Report of the Independent Expert on Minority Issues, Gay McDougall, Mission to Ethiopia (28 November-12 December 2006 http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/461f9ea82.html

University of Maryland Minorities at Risk Project (31 December 2003) Assessment for Afars in Ethiopia http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/mar/assessment.asp?groupId=53001

University of Maryland Minorities at Risk Project (31 December 2003) Assessment for Amhara in Ethiopia http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/mar/assessment.asp?groupId=53007

University of Maryland Minorities at Risk Project (31 December 2003) Assessment for Oromo in Ethiopia http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/mar/assessment.asp?groupId=53004

University of Maryland Minorities at Risk Project (31 December 2003) Assessment for Somalis in Ethiopia http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/mar/assessment.asp?groupId=53005

University of Maryland Minorities at Risk Project (31 December 2003) Assessment for Tigreans in Ethiopia http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/mar/assessment.asp?groupId=53006

Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organisation (Undated) Oromo http://www.unpo.org/content/view/7917/135/

7. Religion/Cults

United States Department of State (26 October 2009) Ethiopia - International Religious Freedom Report 2009 http://www.unhcr.org/cgibin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=printdoc&docid=4ae8614150

8. Political

African Elections Database (1 January 2007) Elections in Ethiopia http://africanelections.tripod.com/et.html

Amnesty International (21 January 2010) Ethiopia: Amnesty International calls on the Government of Ethiopia not to execute Melaku Tefera http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR25/001/2010/en/a8a4222f- b838-4c55-a2d9-7fecd7e51e71/afr250012010en.html

Amnesty International (7 January 2009) Ethiopia: Arbitrary Detention/Torture or other ill-treatment: Birtukan Mideksa (f) http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR25/003/2009/en/f3521423- dcca-11dd-bacc-b7af5299964b/afr250032009en.html

Amnesty International (11 September 2007) Ethiopia, Political repression must stop http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR25/013/2007/en/ac64b32b -d383-11dd-a329-2f46302a8cc6/afr250132007en.pdf

European Union Election Observation Mission (Undated) Ethiopia Legislative elections 2005 Final Report http://ec.europa.eu/external_relations/human_rights/election_observati on/ethiopia/final_report_en.pdf

Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (14 January 2010) Ethiopia: Treatment of members of the opposition parties and of their relatives, particularly those of the Coalition for Unity and Democracy (CUD), by government authorities (2008-2009) http://www.unhcr.org/cgibin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=printdoc&docid=4b7cee7a23

Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (4 January 2008) Ethiopia: Treatment of relatives of members of opposition parties, especially the Coalition for Unity and Democracy (CUD) (2006 2007) http://www.unhcr.org/cgibin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=printdoc&docid=47d654510

Norwegian Resource Bank for Democracy and Human Rights (NORDEM) (September 2006) ETHIOPIA: PARLIAMENTARY ELECTION MAY 2005 http://www.humanrights.uio.no/forskning/publikasjoner/nordem- rapport/2006/0906.pdf

Reuters-AlertNet (17 January 2010) Ethiopia says over 100 Oromo rebels lay down arms http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900SID/SNAA- 7ZSW4N?OpenDocument&RSS20=02-P

United States Department of State (2 October 2007) Ethiopia and the State of Democracy: Effects on Human Rights and Humanitarian Conditions in the Ogaden and Somalia http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/110/38139.pdf

9. State Protection

Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (20 February 2007) Ethiopia: Protection services and legal recourse available to women who are victims of domestic violence (2005-2006) http://www.unhcr.org/cgibin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=printdoc&docid=47d6544fc

Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (20 February 2007) Ethiopia: Legislation and legal protection available to homosexuals and their treatment by society and government authorities (2005 - January 2007) http://www.unhcr.org/cgibin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=printdoc&docid=47d6544e28

10. Government/Civil Society

Amnesty International (1 July 2008) Ethiopia: Government Prepares Assault on Civil Society http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR25/006/2008/en/30310ac0 -477c-11dd-858d-299ca9428acd/afr250062008eng.html

Department for International Development (Undated) Country Profile Ethiopia http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-by- country/country-profile/sub-saharan-africa/ethiopia

The Guardian (26 January 2009) Ethiopia curb on charities alarms human rights activists http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/jan/26/ethiopia-charities-humanrights

Human Rights Watch (8 January 2009) Ethiopia: New Law Ratchets up Repression http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/01/08/ethiopia-new-law-ratchets- repression

Human Rights Watch (11 September 2008) Human Rights Watch s Analysis of Ethiopia s Draft CSO Law http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/48ce12252.pdf

Human Rights Watch (1 October 2009) Daniel Bekele, Ethiopia Recipient of the 2009 Alison Des Forges Award for Extraordinary Activism http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/10/01/daniel-bekele-ethiopia?print

OXFAM (June 2007) INDEPENDENT REVIEW OF LAND ISSUES, VOLUME III, 2006-2007 EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICA http://www.oxfam.org.uk/resources/learning/landrights/downloads/inde pendent_review_land_issues_eastern_and_southern_africa_2006_07. pdf

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ethiopia (Undated) ETHIOPIA'S RELATION WITH NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS http://www.mfa.gov.et/Foreign_Policy_And_Relation/Multilateral.php?P age=Multilateral_11.htm

U.N. Human Rights Committee (HCR) (22 October 2009) Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 40 of the Covenant: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: 1st periodic report of States parties: Ethiopia http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/4b2600e12.pdf

USAID (Undated) USAID Strategy in Ethiopia http://www.usaid.gov/locations/sub- saharan_africa/countries/ethiopia/index.html

World Bank (2009) Ethiopia Projects and Programs http://go.worldbank.org/BXZSPNP8M0

World Organisation Against Torture (9 January 2009) Law on Charities and Societies: Freedom of association in jeopardy! http://www.omct.org/index.php?id=&lang=eng&articleId=8283&PHPSE SSID=4ba46b2be5128847174bef04a02703c4

11. Press/Media/Freedom of Expression

Committee to Protect Journalists (1 February 2010) Ethiopia jails editor whose paper challenged Zenawi http://www.cpj.org/2010/02/ethiopia-jails-editor-whose-paper- challenged-zenaw.php

Committee to Protect Journalists (28 April 2006) Ethiopia: Poison, Politics and the Press http://www.cpj.org/Briefings/2006/DA_spring_06/ethiopia/ethiopia_DA_ spring_06.html

Committee to Protect Journalists (10 February 2009) Attacks on the Press in 2008 - Ethiopia http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4992c4994e.html

Freedom House (1 May 2009) Freedom of the Press 2009 Ethiopia http://www.unhcr.org/cgibin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=printdoc&docid=4b27421628

The Guardian (7 December 2009) Ethiopian editors close paper and flee http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/greenslade/2009/dec/07/press- freedom-ethiopia

International Federation of Journalists (20 August 2008) Media Landscape Still Uncertain as Ethiopia Releases Jailed Journalists http://www.ifj.org/en/articles/media-landscape-still-uncertain-as- ethiopia-releases-jailed-journalists

Reporters Without Borders (13 February 2008) Annual Report 2008 Ethiopia http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/47b418b22e.html

12. Women/Children/Family

Centre for Conflict Research University of Nairobi (February 1998) WOMEN S LAND AND PROPERTY RIGHTS IN THREE EASTERN AFRICA COUNTRIES by MAKUMI MWAGIRU http://www.oxfam.org.uk/resources/learning/landrights/downloads/wom prop.rtf

Child s Rights Information Networks (IRIN) (15 February 2010) ETHIOPIA: Child Rights References in the Universal Periodic Review http://www.crin.org/resources/infoDetail.asp?ID=21852&flag=report

Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children (11 September 2006) Briefing from Global Initiative to end all corporal punishment of children - Ethiopia http://www.crin.org/docs/Ethiopia_GI_NGO_report.doc

Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (20 February 2007) Ethiopia: Protection services and legal recourse available to women who are victims of domestic violence (2005 2006) ETH102157.E http://www.unhcr.org/cgibin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=printdoc&docid=47d6544fc

IRIN News (23 October 2009) Ethiopia: Increased condom use among sex workers but more education needed http://www.irinnews.org/PrintReport.aspx?ReportId=86718

IRIN News (26 November 2007) AFRICA: Joining the fight against gender-based violence http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=75507

IRIN News (1 December 2008) ETHIOPIA: New initiative against FGM/C http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=81753

IRIN News (11 September 2008) ETHIOPIA: More parents saying no to FGM http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportID=80290

Pathfind (September 2007) Women s Empowerment in Ethiopia http://www.pathfind.org/site/DocServer/PI_WE_paper_final.pdf?docID= 10202

Save the Children (undated) Ethiopia Save the Children in Ethiopia http://www.savethechildren.org/countries/africa/ethiopia.html?print=t

The Lutheran World Service on behalf of Oromo Human Rights and Relief Association (11 September 2006) A Statement on the Rights of the Child in Ethiopia http://www.crin.org/docs/Ethiopia_LWF-OHRRA_NGO_Report.doc

United Kingdom Home Office (20 June 2008) Country of Origin Information Report - FGM Report http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs08/africa-fgm-080708.doc

UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) (28 October 2002) UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women: State Party Report, Ethiopia http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3f6ac3bc5.html

UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) (1 November 2006) UN Committee on the Rights of the Child: Concluding Observations, Ethiopia http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/45c30bd60.html

UNICEF (Undated) Ethiopia The Children http://www.unicef.org/ethiopia/children.html

United States Department of Labor (10 September 2009) 2008 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor - Ethiopia http://www.unhcr.org/cgibin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=printdoc&docid=4aba3edf28

United States Department of State (16 June 2009) Trafficking in Persons Report 2009 Ethiopia http://www.unhcr.org/cgibin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=printdoc&docid=4a4214bc28

World Bank (2009) Women Development Initiatives http://go.worldbank.org/450U4OH1K0

13. Prison/Detention/Torture/Slavery

Amnesty International (5 May 2009) Ethiopia: Government must reveal fate of political prisoners http://www.unhcr.org/cgibin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=printdoc&docid=4a07cd14c

Amnesty International (2 May 2006) Ethiopia, Prisoners of conscience on trial for treason: opposition party leaders, human rights defenders and journalists http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR25/013/2006/en/dom- AFR250132006en.pdf

Amnesty International (9 January 2008) Ethiopia: Further Information on UA 299/07: Prisoner of conscience http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR25/001/2008/en/AFR2500 12008en.html

Amnesty International (14 November 2008) Ethiopia: Arbitrary detention/torture or other ill-treatment http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR25/012/2008/en/3278c242 -b277-11dd-8634-af6d09acdcad/afr250122008en.pdf

Human Rights Watch (17 September 2009) Ethiopia: "Ethiopian 'Assurances' No Guarantee Against Torture" http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/09/17/uk-ethiopian-assurances-no- guarantee-against-torture

World Organization Against Torture (OMCT) (8 November 2005) Extrajudicial killing/torture/arbitrary arrests http://allafrica.com/stories/printable/200511080354.html

World Organization Against Torture (OMCT) (13 September 2007) Arbitrary detention of several individuals and risk of torture http://www.omct.org/index.php?id=&lang=eng&actualPageNumber=1& articleId=7256&itemAdmin=article

World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT) (9 September 2008) Annual Report 2007 http://www.omct.org/pdf/Observatory/2008/annual_report_2007/splitted /report2007obs_eng_africa.pdf

14. Crime/Corruption

Freedom House (25 September 2007) Countries at the Crossroads 2007 Ethiopia http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4738692464.html

Global Integrity (2008) Country Reports Ethiopia 2008

http://report.globalintegrity.org/Ethiopia/2008

Overseas Security Advisory Council (26 March 2009) Ethiopia 2009 Crime and Safety Report https://www.osac.gov/Reports/report.cfm?contentID=99353

Transparency International (2009) Global Corruption Report 2009 http://www.transparency.org/publications/gcr/gcr_2009#6.1

15. Education

UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (10 February 2010) Education under Attack 2010 - Ethiopia http://www.unhcr.org/cgibin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=printdoc&docid=4b7aa9e3c

UNESCO (11 September 2004) Report on the Development of Education in Ethiopia http://www.ibe.unesco.org/International/ICE47/English/Natreps/reports/ ethiopia_scan.pdf

UNICEF (15 June 2006) In Ethiopia, better education for a better future http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/ethiopia_34570.html

Save the Children (2008) Last in Line, Last in School 2008 http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWFiles2008.nsf/FilesByRWDocUnidFilena me/MUMA-7FA8JB-full_report.pdf/$File/full_report.pdf

16. Health

Center for Strategic and International Studies (20 October 2008) The Health of Ethiopia: An Update by Ethiopia s Health Minister http://www.csis.org/media/csis/events/081020_ethiopia.pdf

Embassy of The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (undated) Facts about Ethiopia - Health http://www.ethioembassy.org.uk/Facts%20About%20Ethiopia/Facts%2 0About%20Ethiopia%20Homepage.htm

Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health (30 November 2006) Health Fact Sheet http://www.moh.gov.et/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id= 14&Itemid=58

IRIN News (10 July 2008) ETHIOPIA: MSF halts operations in Somali region http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=79181

IRIN News (24 June 2008) ETHIOPIA: Malnutrition increasing in southern regions http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=78912

IRIN News (5 September 2007) ETHIOPIA: Government boost for universal primary healthcare http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=74131

IRIN News (21 August 2007) ETHIOPIA: Millennium celebrations to target malaria control http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=73837

Medicine sans Frontiers (31 August 2009) 2009 International Activity Report - Ethiopia http://www.msf.org/msfinternational/invoke.cfm?objectid=6F3FD3A9- 15C5-F00A- 256BFF54552FD16C&component=toolkit.article&method=full_html

Medicine sans Frontiers (2 September 2009) MSF teams respond to diarrhoea outbreak in Ethiopia http://www.msf.org/msfinternational/invoke.cfm?objectid=7A8C3CED- 15C5-F00A- 25370AC6F28050F3&component=toolkit.article&method=full_html

Medicine sans Frontiers (19 August 2008) MSF in Ethiopia as Malnutrition Continues and Numbers Remain High http://www.msf.org/msfinternational/invoke.cfm?objectid=DB25B2A8- 15C5-F00A- 2545735B99D19F7F&component=toolkit.article&method=full_html

Population Action International (23 April 2007) Poor Access to Health Services: Ways Ethiopia is Overcoming It Chaya, Nada http://www.populationaction.org/Publications/Research_Commentaries/ Poor_Access_to_Health_Services_in_Ethiopia/Summary.shtml

USAID (26 September 2008) USG HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE TO THE HORN OF AFRICA http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/1EFD8FBE41BA A5DBC12574D0007182E9/$File/usaid_PRG_horn080926.pdf?OpenEl ement

World Health Organisation (2009) Ethiopia http://www.who.int/countries/eth/eth/en/

World Health Organisation (undated) Country Health System Fact Sheet 2006 http://www.afro.who.int/home/countries/fact_sheets/ethiopia.pdf

17. Asylum seekers/Refugees/IDPs

Human Rights Watch (June 2008) Collective Punishment: War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity in the Ogaden area of Ethiopia s Somali Region http://www.hrw.org/reports/2008/ethiopia0608/

Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (14 January 2010) Ethiopia: The treatment of Eritreans by the Ethiopian government authorities (2008-2009 http://www.unhcr.org/cgibin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=printdoc&docid=4b7cee7b18

Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (12 March 2007) Ethiopia: Reports of Ethiopians being harassed or detained by authorities when returning from abroad, either as failed asylum seekers or deportees (2006 current) http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/47d6544f23.html

Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (3 September 2009) Ethiopia: Human rights violations and conflicts continue to cause displacement A profile of the internal displacement situation http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/4aa0e1472.pdf

Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) (30 October, 2007) ETHIOPIA: Addressing the rights and needs of people displaced by conflict http://www.internal- displacement.org/8025708F004BE3B1/(httpInfoFiles)/45DF6AD3E2E2 DA3DC12573840037E3ED/$file/Ethiopia+-October+2007.pdf

IRIN News (12 August 2008) ETHIOPIA-SOMALIA: Drought, fighting worsens situation of "Ogaden refugees" http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=79775

IRIN News (2 December 2008) ETHIOPIA: Children at greatest risk among Afar s drought-displaced http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=81773

IRIN News (11 February 2008) ETHIOPIA: New camp for fleeing Somalis http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=82860

Reliefweb (25 December 2008) Over 5,000 Sudanese repatriated from Ethiopia in 2008 http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/MUMA- 7MP35Q?OpenDocument&cc=sdn

UN Commissioner for Refugees (January 2010) Briefing Folder On Ethiopia http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1226_1265821049_4b6aced22.pdf

UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) (1 September 2007) Country Operation Plan 2008 Ethiopia http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/471624960.html

US Committee for Refugees and Immigrants (USCRI) (18 June 2009) World Refugee Survey 2009 Ethiopia http://www.refugees.org/countryreports.aspx?id=2326

Women's Refugee Commission (February 2009) Working Women at Risk: The Links Between Making a Living and Sexual Violence for Refugees in Ethiopia http://www.womenscommission.org/pdf/livelihoods_ethiopia.pdf

WRITENET (1 May 2006) Ethiopia: A Sociopolitical Assessment http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/44f29d704.html