Yurok "; but This Denomination Seems Wholly Relative
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TROEBES ] IHANDBOOK OF INDIANS OF CALIFORNIA 99 selves as Karuk-w-arara in distinction from the Yuruk-w-arara, the "downstreamers " or " Yurok "; but this denomination seems wholly relative. In thinking of the Shasta above them on the Klamath, they would probably name themselves Yuruk-w-arara. Karok designations for their neighbors are as follows, -arara or -ara denoting " people," and -hi, " speech ": Kakamichwi-arara, the Shasta of Klamath River. This term ilay refer rs, 101; new year ceremonies, 102; to the residents of one village. The speech seems to be called Karakuka or and Inam, 104; rites at Amalkiara, Karakuha. Shammal is mentioned as a village. girls' adolescence ceremony, 106; Tishra-w-arara, the Shasta of Scott River. sion, 108. Mashu-arara, AMashu-hi, the Konomihu and New River Shasta; fron Alashu- ashav, Salmon River. Shamnam is the Konomihu village at the forks, and ,IONS. Hashuruk one below. Kasha-arara, Kasha-hara-hi, the Wintun and probably the Chimariko of eighbors of the Yurok. The Trinity River; possibly also the tribes on the Sacramento. pearance and customs, except Kishake-w-arara, the Hupa on the lower Trinity. ally in speech. In language, Yuruk-w-arara, Yu-hi, the Yurok. Sufip-arara, the Yurok of Rekwoi, probably also the Coast Yurok. )ot of the great Algonquian Waiyat-hi, the Wiyot. f the Mississippi and even on Yuh-ara-hi, the Tolowa. Yuhanak seems to be a Tolowa village. he northernmost members of Xssouth to Tehuantepec. The SETTLEMENTS. Wiyot, on their south and Knowledge of the Karok settlements is still involved in confusion. Shasta, southward and east- It is clear that there were three principal clusters of towns: at the separateness of origin, the mouths of Camp Creek, Salmon River, and Clear Creek. Other [rally. stretches of the river held smaller villages, and in parts even these Hudson Bay Co. voyagers, appear to have been few. ,ence of white men until a The farthest Yurok settlement upstream was near the mouth of Bluff Creek, ipon them in 1850 and 1851. the lowest downstream of the Karok was Wopum, Yurok Opegoi, Hupa Hal- and slaughters followed in wochitding, opposite Red Cap Creek, a considerable village. Between these two e mouth of the Salmon, and towns a steep peak stands on the south or east bank of the Klamath. This cone iites in 1852; and a third, at may be regarded as the boundary between the two peoples, although the In- There were, however, no dians, always thinking in terms of Individuals or collections of individuals and their personal rights, and rarely in terms of groups as such, almost cer- richer placers were worked tainly did not so regard the mountain. Then, until the vicinity of Camp i(d only some remnants; and Creek was reached, followed several minor settlements of which for the most of their shattered existence. part only the Yurok names are recorded: Aranimokw, Tu'i, Oler, Segoashkwu. r land in numbers; the Gov- Above Tu'i was a village called Shavuram or Sahwuram by the Karok, and left them to their own de- Operger by the Yurok. Chiniki and Sanipa were also in this region. In the Orleans district there were, In order upstream, Chamikininich, Yurok ns and their numbers much Oketur, on the south or east bank; Tachanak, Yurok Olege'l, 'Hupa Dacha- )rnian natives. chitding, on the opposite side at the mouth of Camp Creek; Panamenik, Yurok eans merely " up-stream " in Ko'omen, Hupa Nilchwingakading, on the flat at Orleans; and, once more on verb, not a designation of a the east bank, Katipiara, Yurok Tsano, Hupa Killaikyading. Then followed ethnic name for themselves, Chinits, at Sims Ferry, and Tsofkaram or Tasofkaram at Pearch. The Yurok mention Wetsitsiko or Witsigo in this region. fornian customs by calling About a mile below the mouth of the Salmon the Klamath tumbles down a i sometimes speak of them- low fall, which was a famous fishing station (PI. 6). Directly at the fall, on the east side, was Ashanamkarak, Yurok Ikwanek. Opposite, a fewKliundred yards below, was the sacred town of Amaikiara, Rupa Djeloding, The Yurok.