L’SHANAH TOVAH TIKATEYVU!

The Fall Holidays are a time of celebration and renewal, of introspection and repentance, of giving and receiving forgiveness, of family and friends and being connected to the local and worldwide Jewish community. As Jews, we take the time to enjoy the celebrations while reminding ourselves of the true importance of the holiday — the reminder that we all make mistakes but can take the time to correct them or ask for forgiveness for them. What a joy it is when we can say: “I’m sorry” and hear others say “I forgive you!” May you be written and sealed in the Book of Life! B’Shalom!

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START THE NEW YEAR RIGHT! Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur are the times to celebrate the beginning of a new year. Here’s a list of items that you’ll need to welcome the Jewish year: • A round and challah cover • Apples and honey and assorted round shaped fruits • A honey cake, or other sweets • A minimum of two candles and candle sticks for each night • A cup • Wine or grape juice • A Machzor – High Holiday prayer book • A special first fruit – for the New Year’s Shehechiyanu • Fresh flowers for your holiday table • White clothing for purity on Yom Kippur • Friends and family! 1 YourYour Family’s Family’s Guide Guide toto thethe HIghHigh HolidaysHoliday — - Rosh Rosh Hashanah Hashanah & &Yom Yom Kippur Kippur ©20092013 2014© ©Jewish Jewish Federation Federation of ofMetropolitan Metropolitan Detroit. Detroit. NoNo part part of of this this guide guide may may be be reproduced reproduced without the expressexpress written written permission permission of of the the Jewish Jewish Federation Federation of ofMetropolitan Metropolitan Detroit. Detroit. Rosh Hashanah, the “Head of the Year”, is a two- Day of Judgement, and it is the day that all people day holiday that starts on the first day of the are judged. God writes the judgment for each of Jewish month of Tishrei. Rosh Hashanah is also us in the Book of Life. This judgment is based on known as Yom Teruah, the “Day of the Sounding our lives of the year before, and is the decision of of the Shofar”, and Yom Hazikaron, the “Day of what will happen to us in the coming Remembering.” Rosh Hashanah is the beginning year. of the Yamim Noraim, the Ten Days of Atonement. But the judgment is not final. The days between Rosh Hashanah and Jews begin preparing for Rosh Hashanah one Yom Kippur give us another chance month prior to the actual holiday as the to change the judgment for good. month of Elul begins. Each morning We are given the chance to improve in their prayers, they think of any our coming year through Teshuvah wrongs they may have done (asking forgiveness), Tefillah (prayer), and to their friends, family, or Tzedakah (giving charity). God, and they begin asking for forgiveness. The shofar, the On Rosh Hashanah we wish each other ram’s horn, is sounded each morning to remind “L’Shanah Tovah Tikateyvu V’taichatemu”: us of the importance of this time and of the holy “May you be written in and sealed for a good period that is about to arrive. year.” But Rosh Hashanah is not the time of final judgment, it is only on Yom Kippur that the Rosh Hashanah is also called “Yom Hadin”, the judgment is made final.

For Rosh Hashanah the traditional shape of the A NEW FRUIT challah is round, and the challah often contains A round fruit, not yet eaten that season, is tasted raisins in it to symbolize a sweet year. This on the second night of the holiday to make sure shape symbolizes the cycle of life and how we that the second day of Rosh Hashanah also has should be aware of it on this day. The challah is something new about it. In addition to, or in dipped in honey and then eaten. This custom place of the fruit, some people will make sure symbolizes our hope that the upcoming year they are wearing new clothing to give that same will be sweet. element of novelty to the second day. We say APPLES AND HONEY the Shehechiyanu prayer before eating this fruit. We dip apples in honey to signify our wish for SHOFAR a sweet new year. The apple, aside from being The shofar, ram’s horn, is sounded 100 times a primary fruit of the season, also symbolizes during the Rosh Hashanah service (except on the Shechinah – the Divine Presence – which ). The horn of a ram is used for making is often referred to as an apple orchard in a shofar to remind us of the story of the ram kabbalistic literature. It is also used to recall taking the place of Isaac during the binding of the initial understanding of right and wrong by Isaac by Abraham, an event which, according to Adam and Eve after they ate an apple from the tradition, is believed to have happened on Rosh Tree of Knowledge in the Garden of Eden, and Hashanah. There are three types of shofar blasts to remind us that we have the choice to choose that we hear on Rosh Hashanah: Tekia - one long between right and wrong. blast; Shevarim - three short blasts; and Terua - nine short fast blasts.

2 YourYour Family’s Family’s Guide Guide to tothe the High HIgh Holidays Holiday - —Rosh Rosh Hashanah Hashanah & &Yom Yom Kippur Kippur ©2009 2014© Jewish Jewish FederationFederation of Metropolitan Detroit. NoNo part part of ofthis this guide guide may may be be reproduced reproduced without without the the express express written written permission permission of of the the Jewish Jewish Federation Federation of of Metropolitan Metropolitan Detroit.Detroit. ROSH HASHANAH PRAYERS

HADLAKAT NEROT Blessing over the candles . . . we welcome Rosh Hashanah with the lighting of candles and then the following blessing:

Baruch Atah Adonai Eloheinu Melech Ha’olam Asher Kideshanu B’mitzvotav V’tzivanu L’hadlik Ner Shel (Shabbat v’shel)Yom Tov. Blessed are You, our God, Ruler of the Cosmos, who has sanctified us by Your Commandments and has Commanded us to light the Holiday candles.

Baruch Atah Adonai Eloheinu Melech Ha’olam Shehechiyanu Ve’kiymanu Ve’higianu La’z’man Ha’zeh.

Blessed are You, our God, Ruler of the Cosmos, who has kept us in life, sustained us, and enabled us to reach this season.

BLESSING OVER THE WINE We say the following blessing and then taste the sweet wine.

Baruch Atah Adonai Eloheinu Melech Ha’olam Borei Pri Hagafen. Blessed are You, our God, Ruler of the Cosmos, for creating the fruit of the vine.

Baruch Atah Adonai, Eloheinu Melech Ha’olam Shehecheyanu, Ve’kiymanu, Ve’higianu La’zman Ha’zeh.

Blessed are You, our God, Ruler of the Cosmos, who has kept us in life, sustained us, and enabled us to reach this season.

3 Your Family’s Guide to the High Holidays - Rosh Hashanah & Yom Kippur ©2009 Jewish Federation of Metropolitan Detroit. NoYour part Family’s of this guide Guide may to thebe reproducedHIgh Holiday without — Rosh the Hashanah express written& Yom Kippurpermission 2014 of© Jewish the Jewish Federation Federation of Metropolitan of Metropolitan Detroit. Detroit. No part of this guide may be reproduced without the express written permission of the Jewish Federation of Metropolitan Detroit. HAMOTZI Blessing over the Challah: Dip the challah into honey to signify our hope for a sweet year, then say the following blessing and taste the bread:

Baruch Atah Adonai Eloheinu Melech Ha’olam Hamotzi Lechem Min Ha’aretz. HAMOTZI Blessed are you, our God, Ruler of the Cosmos, who brings forth bread from the earth. Blessing over the Challah : Dip the challah into honey to signify our hope for a sweet year, then say the following blessing and taste the bread: APPLES AND HONEY Following Kiddush and Hamotzi, this blessing is said prior to eating an apple dipped in honey:

Baruch Atah Adonai Eloheinu Melech Ha’olam Hamotzi Lechem Min Ha’aretz. HAMOTZI Blessed are you, our God, Ruler of the Cosmos, who brings forth bread from the earth. Blessing Baruch Atah over Adonai, the Challah Eloheinu : Dip Melech the challah Ha’olam, into honey Borei Prito signifyHa’etz our hope for a sweet year, then say the following blessing and taste the bread: Blessed are You, our APPLESGod, Ruler AND of the HONEY Cosmos, who creates the fruit of the tree. FollowingAfter we taste Kiddush the apple, and Hamotzi, but before this we blessing swallow is it,said we prior say: to eating an apple dipped in honey:

Baruch Atah Adonai Eloheinu Melech Ha’olam Hamotzi Lechem Min Ha’aretz. BlessedYehi Ratzon are Milfanechayou, our God, Adonai Ruler Eloheinu of the Cosmos,V’elohey Avoteynuwho brings She’tehadesh forth bread Aleynu from the Shanah earth. Tovah U’metukah. Baruch Atah Adonai, Eloheinu Melech Ha’olam, Borei Pri Ha’etz May it be your will, our God, and God of our Ancestors, to renew unto us a happy and sweet year. Blessed are You, our God,APPLES Ruler AND of the HONEY Cosmos, who creates the fruit of the tree. FollowingAfter we taste Kiddush the apple, and Hamotzi, but beforeYOM this KIPPUR we blessing swallow is it,said we prior say: to eating an apple dipped in honey: Yom Kippur begins at sunset on the evening of more intensely and gloriously). Adults are required the 10th of Tishrei. 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No part of this guide may be reproduced without the express written permission of the Jewish Federation of Metropolitan Detroit. following nightfall.Your Family’s This Guide fast to is the regarded HIgh Holiday ambivalently. — Rosh Hashanah & YomThe Kippur greeting 2014© Jewish used Federation during of Metropolitan this Detroit.day is “Gemar Some say thatNo part the of abstinence this guide may beis forreproduced the sake without of physical the express writtenHatimah permission of Tovahthe Jewish – Federation May ofyou Metropolitan be finallyDetroit. sealed mortification and purgation; others say that on Yom for good (in the Book of Life),“ although some Kippur we are so close to God that we can forget people consciously avoid using this phrase about our body (or vice-versa – through forgetting because it implies that the good verdict is the body, we can concentrate on the spiritual all the hanging until the final moments. 4 Your Family’s Guide to the High Holidays - Rosh Hashanah & Yom Kippur ©20092013© Jewish Federation of Metropolitan Detroit. No part of this guide may be reproduced without the express written permission of the Jewish Federation of Metropolitan Detroit. YOM KIPPUR (cont’d)

To demonstrate the importance of the holiday, Yom Kippur is the only day of the year that we complete five services (more than the three every day or the four on Shabbat and Holidays). They are: • KOL NIDRE – Evening Service • SHACHARIT – Morning Service - – Followed by Yizkor (Memorial Services for departed loved ones) • MUSAF – Additional Service • MINCHA – Afternoon Service - Torah Reading – Haftorah Reading (The Book of Jonah) • NEILAH – Concluding Service followed by a blast of the shofar, signifying the end of the fast.

Kol Nidre – meaning “all vows,” is a statement of should not feel limited to confess only the list of renunciation. Over the years, various versions of sins printed in the machzor; a person is free to Kol Nidre have been adopted in various places. pray about any specific sins that he or she may Indeed, the version found in most machzorim have committed. (High Holiday prayer books) actually contain The Neilah (“the closing of the gates”) service parts of each version. This stems from Rabbinical concludes the day of prayer. It is traditionally a disputes over whether Kol Nidre is to annul vows time of fervent prayer, when Jews make their final from the past year (the Babylonian tradition) or to pleas to God for forgiveness before the “spiritual declare annulled all vows of the coming year (the gates” close. The Aron HaKodesh (Holy Ark that European tradition). contains the congregation’s Torah scrolls) is kept Other important prayers for the holiday are the open for the entire service. Those able to stand Vidui (confessional) prayers. These are said in up for the entire time, do so. Selichot (prayers of a communal fashion, with each Jew taking repentance) are recited and Avinu Malkenu (Our responsibility for the other. The two prayers that Father Our King) is said even when Yom Kippur make up the Vidui are the Al Cheit and the falls on Shabbat. Following Neilah, the shofar is Ashamnu. Both are written in alphabetical acrostic. sounded with one great and mighty long blast It is customary to gently beat one’s chest (over and the services conclude with the exclamations the heart) during the as if to say that your heart of Shema Yisrael - Hear O Israel and Next Year In may have led you astray in the past but hopefully, - L’shana Haba B’Yerushalayim... this will not happen in the future. Of course, you

On Yom Kippur we can only atone for sins between have hurt. If these attempts to ask for forgiveness us and God, not for sins against another person. have been made and the other person will not forgive To atone for sins against another person, we must them, then God will forgive each person on Yom first try to reconcile with that person, righting the Kippur. wrongs you committed against them if possible. Jewish tradition holds that we are all part good We have ten days between Rosh Hashanah and and part sinful. Our goal during the “Eseret Yimay Yom Kippur to ask for forgiveness and to say T’shuvah” and on Yom Kippur is to tip the scales in the we are sorry. These are called the “Eseret Yimay direction of good. We can do this by fulfilling mitzvot T’shuvah”, the Ten Days of Repentance. An (commandments), doing good deeds, and apologizing individual must try to make three attempts to ask for for our wrongdoings. forgiveness from another person they may

5 YourYour Family’s Family’s Guide Guide to to the the High HIgh Holidays Holiday - — Rosh Rosh Hashanah Hashanah & &Yom Yom Kippur Kippur ©2009 2014 ©Jewish Jewish Federation Federation of of Metropolitan Metropolitan Detroit. Detroit. NoNo part part of of this this guide guide may may be be reproduced reproduced without without the the express express written written permission permission of of the the Jewish Jewish Federation Federation of of Metropolitan Metropolitan Detroit. Detroit. YOM KIPPUR (cont’d)

Do you need to apologize? Here are ways to say “I’m sorry” to someone you love. • “I guess I haven’t been listening very well.” • “Please give me another chance.” • “Please forgive me?” • “I know I’ve hurt you. What can I do that would help us get happy again?” • “I’ve said some mean things. Can I take them back?” • “I’m sorry for saying ____.” • “I haven’t been a good listener during our conversations.” • “I was wrong to have said ____.” • “I shouldn’t have waited this long to apologize.

Or use your own words…

The Voice Adapted from a poem by Shel Silverstein

There is a voice inside of you That whispers all day long “I feel that this is right for me, I know that this is wrong.” No teacher, rabbi, parent, friend Or wise man can decide What’s right for you — just listen to The voice that speaks inside!

6 YourYour Family’s Family’s Guide Guide to tothe the High HIgh Holidays Holiday - —Rosh Rosh Hashanah Hashanah & Yom& Yom Kippur Kippur ©2009 2014© Jewish Jewish FederationFederation ofof Metropolitan Detroit. NoNo part part of ofthis this guide guide may may be be reproduced reproduced without without the the express express written written permission permission of of the the Jewish Jewish Federation Federation of of Metropolitan Metropolitan Detroit.Detroit. YOM KIPPUR HOME RITUALS

Yom Kippur holiday rituals are based mostly in the synagogue. The time we celebrate at home is Erev Yom Kippur (the eve of Yom Kippur). The order of the evening is as follows: 1. Eat a leisurely meal 2. Bless the children 3. Give tzedakah 4. Light the candles (Yahrtzeit candle, then Holiday Candles) 5. Go to the synagogue to hear Kol Nidre

BIRKAT HABANIM Lighting the Yom Kippur Candles Blessing the Children The following two blessings are recited on this occasion: On Yom Kippur parents set aside time to bless their children. You may wish to use your own words or the traditional Priestly blessing.

Baruch Atah Adonai Eloheinu Melech Ha’olam Asher Kideshanu B’mitzvotav V’tzivanu L’hadlik Ner Shel Y’varech’cha Adonai v’yishm’recha Y’aer Adonai (Shabbat v’shel) Yom Hakippurim. Panav Elecha Vichuneka. Yisa Adonai Panav Elecha Blessed art thou, O Lord our God, Ruler of the Cosmos, V’yasem L’cha Shalom. who has sanctified us by His commandments, and May God bless you and keep you. May God watch has commanded us to kindle the lights for (Shabbat over you in kindness. May God grant you a long life and for) the Day of Atonement. of Good health, joy and peace. Baruch Atah Adonai Eloheinu Melech Ha’olam Charity Shehechiyanu V’kimanu V’higianu La’zman Ha’zeh. It is customary, prior to Yom Kippur, for each member of the family to donate some money to charity.

Yahrtzeit Candle Blessed art thou, O Lord our God, Ruler of the In memory of dear departed ones we kindle a special Cosmos, who has kept us in life, sustained us, and Yahtrzeit candle. There is no specific prayer said enabled us to reach this season. over the candle. Time is taken to reflect on the lives of the departed. These candles are readily available and burn for 24 hours.

7 YourYour Family’s Family’s Guide Guide to the to theHigh HIgh Holidays Holiday - Rosh — Rosh Hashanah Hashanah & Yom & Yom Kippur Kippur ©2009 2014 Jewish© Jewish Federation Federation of ofMetropolitan Metropolitan Detroit. Detroit. No Nopart part of thisof this guide guide may may be bereproduced reproduced without without the the express express written written permission permission of theof the Jewish Jewish Federation Federation of Metropolitanof Metropolitan Detroit. Detroit. TRADITIONS FOR A NEW YEAR The High Holidays are not only a time of reflecting, but also a time for looking forward and planning for the future. For those who are looking to add traditions into their family celebration, try some of the following:

BEETS: Beets are called Salka in Aramaic, and in POMEGRANATES: Pomegranates are said to each Hebrew, that word is related to removal. We have 613 seeds, which correlates with the 613 recite, "May our enemies be removed." commandments. By eating the pomegranate, we symbolically state we are working towards CARROTS: We eat carrots, which in Yiddish are fulfilling all 613 commandments. One takes a mehren, also meaning 'increase'. As we eat the piece of this fruit (watch out — pomegranate carrot, we recite, "May our merits increase." juice stains in the worst way!) and says, "May it FISH OR SHEEP HEAD: We partake of this and be Your will that our merits be numerous as (the say, "May it be Your will that we should be at seeds of) the pomegranate." the head and not at the tail." Fish is also said SQUASH: Called Kera, this squash is phonetically to symbolize fruitfulness. related to the Hebrew word for "read" or LEEKS: This vegetable, called Karti in Aramaic, is "tear." We recite one or both of the following: related to the Hebrew word "to cut." We recite, "May You tear up our negative judgement," or “May our misdeeds, our spiritual enemies, be "May You read our good merits before You." cut down."

Attend a Tashlich sevice. TashlichLashlich is the service when we symbolically cast our sins into a running body of water, hoping that the water will carry our sins away. This practice is based on a verse from the book of the Prophet Michah where it says, “And thou wilt cast all your sins into the depths of the sea.” Learn about the ritual of Kaparot and fulfill it with your family. This is done by taking a live chicken, or money, and waving it around your head three times. The chicken is then slaughtered and given to charity (as is the money if used in place of the chicken). While swinging the chicken (or money) above your head, say: “This is my exchange, this is my substitute, this is my atonement. This chicken is going to die (or this money will go to charity), but I am going to a good long life and to peace.” Before Yom Kippur, sit as a family and write a plan of ways to make the New Year better. Seal the plan in an envelope and put it away until the next year. Look at it together when Elul comes next year to see how far you have come! Make up a Tshuvah chart following the example below. Be sure to fill it out before the holidays to help you remember who to ask forgiveness from.

What I’ve Who Do I Ways to Change Done Wrong Apologize to? for the Better

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8 YourYour Family’s Family’s Guide Guide to to the the High HIgh Holidays Holiday -— Rosh Rosh Hashanah Hashanah & &Yom Yom Kippur Kippur ©2009 2014© JewishJewish Federation of Metropolitan Detroit. NoNo part part of of this this guide guide may may be be reproduced reproduced without without the the express express written written permission permission of of the the Jewish Jewish Federation Federation ofof MetropolitanMetropolitan Detroit.Detroit.