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A Crimes against humanity, 8–11, 95n6, 106, Alvarez, Alexander, 43, 45, 54 119, 135, 136, 138, 140, 145, Armenia, 160 159, 160, 162, 169 Criminology, vii, viii, 29, 41–47, 55, 59–61, 66–68, 77, 79, 80 B Bangladesh, viii, 21, 106–108, 121, 122, 127n46, 133 D Bosnia and Herzegovina, 35, 51, 72n2, 90, Darfur, viii, 8, 32, 37, 44, 69, 76, 91, 117, 118, 134 119–120 Brannigan, Augustine, 44–46, 54, 67, 70, 71 Dehumanization, 35, 36, 61, 63–64, 87 Browning, Christopher, 86–89

E C East Timor, 108–110 Collective violence, 39, 77, 83–84 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of G Genocide, 7, 15–20, 29, 130, Gacaca, 145 132–135 General theory of crime (GTC), 29, 44–46, Crime, vii, viii, 1–11, 13–22, 28–30, 32, 33, 67, 70 36, 38, 41–47, 52, 55, 59–61, 64, Génocidaire, 29, 30, 33, 35, 40, 43–44, 54, 66–68, 70, 71, 76–83, 85–87, 89, 62, 67, 71, 75, 76, 85–94, 91, 93, 94, 95n6, 100, 101, 103, 122–124, 131, 137, 139, 110, 122, 131, 132, 136–147, 143–145, 147 156–162, 167, 169 Genocidal propensity, 46, 70, 71

1 Note: Page numbers followed by ‘n’ refer to notes.

Genocide, vii–ix, 1–22, 27–47, 51–72, 75–94, N 99–125, 130–148, 153–171 National courts, 21, 143–145 Genocide denial, ix, 153, 154, 156–164, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 130, 166–170 134, 136, 148 Glueck, Sheldon, 32, 78, 79, 85, 86, 90, 130 Goldhagen, Daniel, 86–89 Groupthink, 39–41, 77 O Organizational crime, 77, 80–82, 95n17, 95n20, 95n21 H Othering, 63, 64, 69, 170 Hagan, John, 44, 45, 67–69, 119 Herero, viii, 56, 63, 64, 76, 101–104, 107 Holocaust, 34, 41, 43, 45, 54, 60, 65–67, P 70, 76, 87–89, 93, 103, 106, 108, Political science, 36–38 115, 124, 130, 144, 153–162, Psychology, 28, 34–36, 54, 171n3, 173n75 165, 166, 169, 170

R I Rafter, Nicole, 46, 64, 66, 67, 70, 71 Interahamwe, 91, 114, 115 Responsibility to Protect (R2P), ix, 130, International Criminal Court (ICC), 29, 135–136 31–33, 76, 79, 131, 140–143, Rohingya, viii, 21, 62, 63, 120–124, 147, 148, 151n84, 162 126n26, 126n29, 127n46, 136 International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda Rwanda, 1, 11, 20, 35, 36, 38, 41, 46, (ICTR), 8, 29, 31, 33, 137–140, 50n58, 50n60, 56, 62, 63, 142, 145, 147, 150n50, 150n52 91, 92, 113–117, 126n19, 129, International Criminal Tribunal for 131–133, 135–137, 139, 142, Yugoslavia (ICTY), 8, 29, 31, 145, 151n81, 159, 160, 164, 33, 44, 137–140, 142, 147, 166–168 149n45, 149n48 Rymond-Richmond, Wenona, 44, 45, 68, Iraq, 27, 62, 63, 110–112, 115 69, 119

L S Law, ix, 2–7, 14–17, 21, 22, 28–33, 42, Self-control, 44, 67, 70 44–46, 70, 77–79, 81, 85, 91, 93, Sociology, 39–42, 55, 60, 95n20 104, 121, 132, 140, 142, 153, Sovereign immunity, 21, 30, 32–33, 78, 86, 156–166, 168–170, 172n24, 130–131, 141 172n48, 172n49, 173n61, 173n68 Srebrenica, 118, 119, 126n23, 135, 137, Lemkin, Raphael, vii, 2–10, 14–16, 20–22, 142, 162 28, 40, 46, 103, 130–132 State crime, 42, 77–80, 82, 85, 95n15

M T Memory, ix, 154–160, 163, 166–170, 172n33 Techniques of neutralization, 43–45, 54, 62, Milgram, Stanley, 34, 35, 88 64, 71, 154, 169, 171n7 Index 187

U W United Nations (UN), vii, ix, 1, 4, 6–11, 13, War, 2, 10, 11, 13, 15, 16, 20, 31, 37–39, 41, 15, 16, 18–22, 28–31, 33, 64, 79, 45, 46, 60–61, 68, 69, 71, 85, 86, 82, 94, 106, 110, 113, 118, 120, 90, 91, 95n6, 97n56, 100, 102–104, 121, 124, 126n22, 127n46, 107, 108, 110, 112, 113, 117, 118, 129–137, 140, 141, 146–148, 134, 136, 140, 141, 144, 145, 149n28, 165 149n48, 149n49, 155, 159–162 United States (US), 1, 3–4, 7, 14, 30, 33, 37, 42, 44, 56, 65, 69, 101, 124, 131, 134, 143, 153, 156–158, Y 161, 163, 168 Yugoslavia, 21, 33, 38, 51, 90, 117, 131