Sindewahi, District: Chandrapur (Maharashtra) by Sri.Shyamkantsitaram There

1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Sri. ShyamkantSitaram There is an individual, has been allotted Sand ghat on online bidding through District Collectors office for the year 2017 - 2018 of Uma River in Kh.No. 252,253,248 Village- Wirwa,Taluka –Sindewahi , District Chandrapur. Sand Ghat allotment over an extent of 1.0 Ha. The proposed production capacity of sand is 5000Cu.m (1767 brass) . The lease area lies on riverbed of Uma River in District- Chandrapur (Maharashtra) .Total M.L. area is 1.00 ha which is non-forest land. The proposed mining project land has been allotted as a single unit for mining of Balu/ Sand throughout the riverbed of district Chandrapur (Maharashtra).The following special conditions will be applicable for the excavation of sand minor mineral from riverbed in orde r to ensure safety of river-bed , structures and the adjoining areas:

Restricted areas for Sand Mini ng according to new Sand Policy, 2013 : a. In case of Railway Bridge and National or State Highways, the area of 300 m on both sides of the bridge is prohibited and in case of normal bridge , it is 100 m on both sides. b. An area at a distance of 50 m from any Public place i.e. cremation ghat or any other religious place. c. An area of 5 meter from both sides of the river is restricted . d. Area upt o 100m upstream and downstream from any dam/ weir /irrigation structure is restricted. e. Mining upto the depth of 1.80 m is allowed in th e areas at a distance of 46 -61 m from Flood Co ntrolling Embankments an d up to 2.40 m depth in areas at a distance of 61 -91 m from such embankments. f. The level of irrigation outlets must be kept parallel to the level of the river bed i.e. the level of river bed must not be below the irrigation outlets. g. Sand mining will not be done around Infiltration well/ Intake wells. h. If any river releases water for irrigation then in areas of such river , mining will be done only after obtaining NOC from the Department Water Resources, so that the irrigation system will not be affected. Maximum depth of Sand Mining: The maximum depth of sand mining in the river bed will not exceed 3 m from the un-mined bed or the water level(whichever is low) at any point.

Endowment Period of Sand Ghats: The Endowment period of Sand Ghats is maximum 5 year s. The contractor will be under obligation to carry out mining in accordance with all other provisions as applicable under the Mine Act, 1952, Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957, Maharashtra Minor Mineral Extraction (Vidarbha Region) Rules,1966 and Maharashtra Minor Mineral Concession Rules,2013.

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Project Name Balu/ Sand Mining (Minor Mineral) Category - B2 (M.L. Area-1.00 ha) with Production Capacity of 5000Cu.m. Mining Contract Area 1.00 ha. Location of mine Village–Wirwa, Tehsil- Sindewahi , District-Chandrapur (Maharashtra). Coordinates of Ghat/River Pillar Latitude Longitude A 20°12'39.74"N 79°39'37.93"E River/Nalla/Nadi/Khad Uma River Mineral Sand/ Balu. Reserves 1767brass. Proposed Production Capacity 5000Cu.m/11 Month. Project Cost : Capital Cost Rs. 10.50 Lakhs/- Running Cost Rs. 1.34 Lakhs/- Method of mining Open castManual Method No. of working days 300. Water demand (approximate) Total Water Requirement: 2.5 KLD Domestic: 1.0KLD Dust Supression:1.0KLD Plantation : 0.50KLD Man Power 9 persons. Nearest Railway Station Sindewahi Station (~9.65 km in North direction). Nearest State Highway/ National Highway Chandrapur Nagpur Highway (~ 1.5 km inEast direction). Nearest Airport Nagpur Airport (~116 km).

2.0 INTRODUCTION OF THE PROJECT/ BACKGROUND INFORMATION 2.1Identification of Project and Project Proponent M/s Balshiv Transport, Proprietor Sri. ShyamkantSitaram There is an individual, has been allotted Sand ghat on online bidding through District Collectors office for the year 2017 - 2018 of Uma River in Kh.No.252,253,248 Village- Wirwa ,Taluka –Sindewahi , District Chandrapur. Sand Ghat allotment over an extent of 1.00 Ha.

The details of the project proponent and project are given below: Name of the Applicant Sri.ShyamkantSitaram There Address of Applicant R/O Morwa, Tehsil- Chandrapur , District - Chandrapur, Maharashtra Name of Mine Uma Sand Ghat Quarry

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2.2Brief description of nature of the project The proposed mining contract area is 1.00 ha of Uma RiverBalu Ghatof District- Chandrapur (Maharashtra). It has been proposed to excavate 5000 Cu.m of sand per yearfromthe ghat. The mineral sand will be replenished in monsoon season every year, as the mining will be undertaken on a rotation basis, in such a way that excavated areas of previous years mining will act as depository for the post- monsoon season .

2.3Need for the Project and its Importance to the Country or Region Sand is used as a construction material worldwide. Sand is used as raw material in construction of building and infrastructure projects. In India, mining Industry contributes significant ly to its economy. The GDP (Gross Domestic Product) contribution of mining industry varies from 2.2% to 2.5% only but total industrial sector contributes around 10% to 11%.Even small scaled mining contributes 6% to the entire cost of minerals production. T he working mine contribute in the State’s minerals production and improve the GDP with a positive & important effect on the region.

2.4Demand-Supply Gap As is used as raw material in construction of building and infrastructure projects, the demand is increasing day by day. In past, demand was not too much but now a days due to rapid industrialization and urbanization , its demand is increasing with pace of time . At present, demand is more than the supply.

2.5Imports vs. Indigenous Production There will be no import for the project. The mining will be continue of open cast manual method by using spade/Pawda along topography and the excavated mineral will be for domestic market .

2.6 Export Possibility There are no export possibilities from the proposed mining activity.

2.7 Domestic/ Export Markets Domestic Market The sand excavated will be directly sold in the market. Export Market The proposed mining activity is for indigenous consumption only for real estate and infrastructure sector etc.There is n o possibility of export of sand from this mine.

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2.8Employment Generation (Direct and indirect) due to the project Around 12workers will be employed directly in the proposed project. Transportation is required. Hence jobs and business opportunities in logistical activities will come up.

3.0PROJECT DESCRIPTION

3.1 Type of Project Including Interlinked and Interdependent Projects, If Any. Project is a small scale Manual mining project. This project does not have interlink or interdependency on any other project.

3.2 Location (map showing general location, specific location, and project boundary & project site layout) with coordinates. The lease area is situated near Village -Wirwa, Tehsil- Sendewahiand District – Chandrapur (Maharashtra). The location of the mine is shown in the figure below.

Figure - 1: Location map of the Mine Site

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3.3Details of Alternate Sites This is a sand mining project . No alternate sites were considered as this is site specific project for which LOI has been granted by State Govt.

3.4 Size or Magnitude of Operation Production of Sand of 5000 Cu.m is proposed from this mine and mining will be done by opencast manual method.

3.5 Project description with process details

Method of Mining Mining activity will be carried out by open cast manual method. • The loading of Sand generated to the tractors will be done by manually & material transported to the Dealer site. • No OB/ waste material will be produced. • No drilling/ blasting are required as the material is loose in nature. • Proper benching of 3.0 m height will be maintained. • Roads will be properly made and sprayed by water for suppression of dust. • Roads in the lease area for the movement of loaded trippers/ trucks will not have slopes more than 1 in 20. • Extraction activities will start in the blocks from the upstream side to downstream side. This w ill not obstruct the movement of water, if any, during monsoon period in the river course. • Approach roads from this block are as already described earlier will be merging with permanent tar roads on both sides of the river for transportation of the minera l to final destinations.

3.6 Raw Material Required Along With Estimated Quantity, Likely Source, Marketing Area of Final Product/s, mode of Transport of Raw Material and Finished Product No raw material will be required in the proposed project. The operation involves the excavation of balu/sand in its existing form and transported to the endusers.

Mineral Production Months Sand (Cu.m) 5000 11

Source: Mining Plan

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3.8 Availability of Water, its Source, Energy/Power Requirement and Source 3.8.1 Water Requirement

Total Water Requirement (2.5 KLD)

Dust Suppression Domestic Plantation (1.0KLD) (1KLD) (0.50 KLD)

Thus total water requirement will be 2. 5KLD. This water will be supplied from old existing borewells in nearby villages through tankers.

3.8.2 Power All the acti vities will be carried out in a manual manner. The material will be excavated and loaded directly intotractors-trolley etc. by manually . The operation will be done only from sun rise to sun set. So there is no requirement of power for the proposed mining activity.

3.8.3 Liquid Effulent No liquid effulent will be generated at the mine sit e due to the mineral excavation. Only domestic waste water will be generated from mine office etc. which will be disposed off in septic tank via soak pits.

3.9 EIA Process of the project As the project activity falls under Category ‘B2’, Project or Activity 1(a) as per EIA Notification dated 14.09.2006, and latest amendment dated 15.01.2016 .Therefore , no EIA study and Public consulation is required for the mining project. It requires on ly appraisal by SEAC/SEIAA Maharashtra /EAC, MoEFCC, GOI based on Form- I, PFR and Mining Plan.

4.0SITE ANALYSIS 4.1Connectivity 4.1.1 Nearest Railway Station: Sindewahi Railway Station (~9.56km inNorth direction).

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4.1.2 Nearest Airport:Nagpur Airport (~1126km).

4.1.3 Nearest Highway :Chandrapur Nagpur Highway (~1.5km in East direction). 4.2Landform, Landuse and Land ownership The mining lease is a part ofriver bed of Uma River, Tehsil- Sindewahi, District- Chandrapur (Maharashtra). The proposed activity is to take place in dry part of river bed where the excavated balu sand will be replenished during rainy season every year and hence there will be no change in land use.

4.3Topography The Chandrapur district is located in the far east of Maharashtra state. It is part of Nagpur division. The district lies the in the eastern part of the Vidarbha region. The Chandrapur district is located between 19.30’ N and 20.45’ N latitude and at 78.46’ E longitude. The district is surrounded by Bhandara and Nagpur districts at its northern side, Wardha and Yavatmal districts at its western side, Gadchiroli district on the eastern side and Adilabad district of Telangana State on the southern side. In the Survey of India degree sheet, it falls in NOS 55 LF and 56 I M.

4.4Existing land use pattern and shortest distances from Fo rests, Water bodies, Eco sensitive areas, etc. There is no forest land involved in the M.L. area . The entire mining contract lies on Vainganga River .

4.5Existing Infrastructure The site has no existing infrastructure, except for connecting road fortransportation.

4.6Geomorphology and Soils Chandrapur district can be divided into two physiographic regions i.e., plane region in valleys of Wardha, Penganga and Wainganga Rivers and Upland Hilly Region. The plane region is made up of widely spread and flat terrain occurring mostly along Wardha River. In Wainganga valley flat terrain exhibits rolling topography with residual hills in the southern part, while in the northern part (Brahmapuritaluka) wide alluvial flood plains are observed. In Penganga vall ey, flat terrain covers very little area in south western part of the district. The upland hilly region lies between Wardha and Wainganga rivers comprising parts of Warora, Chandrapur, Mul and Brahmapuritalukas. The south western part of the district in Pe nganga basin and covering parts of Rajura and Chandurtalukas exhibit hilly topography. The entire area of the district falls in Godavari basin. Wardha. Wainganga and Penganga are the main rivers flowing through the district. These three rivers along with t heir tributaries rise in the upland within the district and drain the entire district. Different types of soils are observed in the district and each type supports a well defined cropping pattern of totally different types. The soils of Wardha and Waingang a valleys are most fertile. The different types of soils occurring in the district are locally called as Kali, Kamhar, Morand, Khardi, Wardhi, Retari, Bardi and Pandhari. Out of above Morand is the most common soil occuirng in the district and is suitable for irrigation

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4.7.1 Physiography and Drainage Physical setting of Maharashtra is simple with dominant plateau character. Major part of Maharashtra consists from lava, in other words entire region rests on a basaltic base. The Sahyadri, stands as the major physical backbone, narrow strip of coastal low land in the west; a vast eastward sloping plateau, which drained by major rivers, their basins and northern mountains, hilly region are the basic physiographic characteristic of the Maharashtra. The drainage system of the major rivers in the district is m ostly of sub-parallel type and the tributaries drainage pattern tends to be sub-rectangular type. The river systems are young with a small drainage area and westerly seasonal regime.Five major rivers forms part of the westerly flowing river system originat ing from Sahayadri hill ranges and emerging in Arabian Sea .

4.7 .2 Climatic Condition and Rainfall The Climate of the district is characterised by a hot summer and general dryness throughout the year except during the south-west monsoon season, i.e., June to September. The temperature rises rapidly after February till May, which is the hottest month of the year. The mean daily maximum temperature during May is 42.8°C and the mean daily minimum temperature during December is 12.2°C. The normal annual rainfall (1901-1992) varies from about 1200 to 1450 mm. (Source: District Groundwater Brochure CGWB ).

4.7 .3 Administrative Set-Up Administrative headquarter is at Chandrapur. There are 15 tehsils namely,Chandrapur,varora,Bhadravati,Chimur, nagbhid, Bramhapuri,sawli , Sindewahi, Mul, pobhurna, Ballarpur,Korapana rajura, Gondpimpri, and Jivati. There are 84 7 grampanchayats.

4.7.4 Economy Rice is the primary crop of the district. Chandrapur ranks fourth in rice production within the State. Wheat is a marginal crop in Chimur. Sorghum is also produced to a certain extent. Cotton is grown in the Wardha River basin. Sesame is also harvested on a large scale in this district. Chandrapur Super Thermal Power Station (CSTPS) is the largest power station in the country, with the capacity to produce 2340 MW - 25% of the State’s power. It is the first power station in the country to get the Greentech Award. The district is home to Ballarpur Industries (BILT), one of the world’s 100 largest and India’s largest paper manufacturers. Chandrapur district is also famous for its cement industry and houses the largest number of cement factories in the State.

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Pre- Feasibility Report Balu/ Sand Mining (Minor Mineral) Category - B2 (M.L. Area- 1.0 ha) with Production Capacity of 5000Cu.m at Kh.No.252,253,248 Village -Wirwa , Tehsil- Sindewahi, District: Chandrapur (Maharashtra) by Sri.ShyamkantSitaram There Since coal is abundant in the district, thermal power from coal is a major industry in the district. The power stations at Durgapur and Ballarpur together produce 1840 MW power. Pottery making is another significant business in the towns of Chandrapur and B hadravati. A factory in Bhadravati manufactures war equipment. Rice mills provide employment to many across the district. Silk -yarn industry is coming up in Nagbhid and Savali talukas. The water pitchers here are famous. Visapur in Nagbhid taluka has a fac tory for making plywood from wood. The State’s first iron and steel plant is being proposed in Chandrapur. PVC pipe and refrigerators are manufactured at Warora. The other places that also have industrial estates include Chandrapur, Ghuggus and Mul. With m ore than 21% of the total population in Chandrapur district being tribal, the district has been given the special status of a tribal district. The Kolamb tribal (also known as the Kolam) live mostly in the forest and mountainous regions. The Pardhan tribe also occupies this region. Madiya Gond, a tribe given the special status of a primitive tribe by the Central government, also occupies this region.

4.7.5Demography As per census 2011, Chandrapur district had a population of 2,204,307, which was 1.96 percent of the population of the Maharashtra state. The district population density was 193 inhabitants per square kilometre (500/sq. m).Between 2001 and 2011, the district population grew by 6.43 percent. Females numbered 1,080,473 and males 1,123,834. Fo r every 1,000 males, there were 961 females. 80.01 percent of people in Chandrapur district were literate.

5.0PLANNING BRIEF

5.1Planning Concept Open cast Mnaual mining method will be adopted for sand mining. Mineral excavated will be used for meeting the huge demand of construction material like coarse and fine aggregate required in building construction and infrastructure works, road material for construction and maintenance of roads / highways.

5.2 Assessment of Infrastructure Demand (Physical and Social) Adequate infrastructure facilities are available in the vicinity of mine contract area and due to the mining activities; no extra infrastructure over and above the existing infrastructure is requir ed except for the creation of approach road from riverbed to link roads from different blocks of mining.

5.3 Amenities/Facilities • Mines Office, Workshop etc. : Proper site services such as First Aid, Rest Shelter, and Drinking Water will be provided to the mine workers.

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5.4 Population projection The project will employ most of the workers from nearby villages except for supervisory staff. Thus there will no increase in population due to the project. However, few people from other areas may migrate in this a rea for employment and business opportunities.

5.5Land use The mining contract area 1.00ha is part of Uma Balu Ghat falling in Chandrapur district, Maharashtra. There is no forest land in the contract area. The area so excavated will get filled up due to sediment inflow during flooding/heavy rain fall in the river bed. The ultimate land use of the mine contract area will not change after systemetic and scienti fic mining closure.

6.0PROPOSED INFRASTRUCTURE

6.1Industrial Area (Processing Area) No industrial area is proposed.

6.2Residential Area (Non Processing Area) As the local people will be given employment, no residential area/ housing is proposed.

6.3Green Belt The green belt will be developed as per approved eco -friendly mine contract plan and as per CPCB guidelines. The project proponent will also develop greenbelt in the premises of the schools, hospitals and also carry out the avenue plantation in the vacant areas along roads. The greenbelt will be developed by planting 50 No. of saplings per year. Indigenous species with the consultation of the State Forest Department will be planted and maintained.

Table 3: Greenbelt Programme

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6.4Social Infrastructure • Road facility (existing roads will be maintained regularly) • Employment opportunity • Medical camps • Social awareness camps • Donations to schools • Secondary employment opportunities • Formation of self help groups for the women in nearby villages

6.5 Connectivity From the contract area, an unmetalled road joins a metalled road which further joins the nearest highway.

6.6 Drinking Water Management Mine workers will be provided RO Water for drinking purchased from the market. 6.7Sewerage System No sewerage system is proposed. However for sanitation purpose portable toilets will be made available.

6.8Industrial Waste Management Not applicable.

6.9Solid Waste Management There will be no OB or waste generation as the sand is exposed in the river bed. But, at the later stage, if any soil or waste will be obtained during mining, then same will be stored with proper protection and will be used for reclamation (plantation).

6.10 Power Requirement and Supply/Source . All the acti vities will be carried out manually. The operation will be done only from sun rise to sun set hence there is no power requirement for the proposed activity.

7.0REHABILITATION AND RESETTLEMENT (R and R) PLAN

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8.0PROJECT SCHEDULE and COST ESTIMATES

8.1Likely date of start of construction and likely date of completion. The project will commence once Environmental Clearance and other necessary certificates are obtained from the respective departments.

8.2Estimated project cost along with analysis in terms of economic viability of theProject Total capital and Running cost of the p roject is approximately Rs. 40.50& Rs.1.34 Lakhs respectively. 8.3Fund Provision for EMP Measures Following provisions are proposed to be taken for improving, control and monitoring of environment protection measures:

S. No. Particulars Amount (in Rs. ) 1. Dust Suppression 10,000 2. Green belt and maintenance 10,000 3. Haul road maintenance 10,000 4. Monitoring cost 20,000 Total 50,000

8.4Corporate Social Responsibility As a corporate responsibility following measures along with budget provision is proposed for improving theconditions of persons in and around the project area: S.No. Description Amount (in Rs.) 1. Vocational training on: 10,000 • Fire and Safety • Health and Safety • Awareness programme on cancer and aids 2. Sanitation (Ladies toilets) and Drinking water facilities 15,000 3. Health check - up camps 15,000 Total 40,000

9.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Environmental Management Plan details the environmental quality control measures which are proposed for this project to achieve the annual production capacity of 5000Cu.m of Sand ( Minor Mineral). The

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9.1 Land Use Pattern Envisaged mining operation will b e carried out in the River bed . This will be dry bed mining. There will be no mining activities when there is flow of water in the working zones. During rainy season, the activities will be stopped, if there is flow in the river. Besides resource extraction, following activities will be kept in view: a) Protection and restoration of ecological system b) Prevent damages to the river regime c) Protect riverine configuration such as bank erosion, change of water course gradient, flow regime etc. d) Prevent contamination of ground water Safeguard Measures While carrying out mining activity following measures will be taken: • Mining activities will be carried out only in dry bed. No in stream mining will be practiced. • Identification of river stretches for mining will be completed. • There wi ll be no mining near the banks. This is to protect the bank erosion and river migration. • Mineral Sand from river will be restricted to a maximum depth of 3.0 m from the existing bed level. This is for safety and sustainability. • As the lease area is quite l arge and long in length, systematic extraction will be carried out to prevent seasonal scouring and enhanced erosion. • Extraction will be carried out in a manner that there is no obstruction to flow of water, if any, during rainy season. • Mining on the con cave side of the river channel should be avoided to prevent bank erosion. Similarly meandering segment of river will be selected to prevent natural eroding banks and to promote mining on natural building (aggrading) meanders component There is no generati on of OB/ waste material. No backfilling has been proposed in the excavated zone. River bed will be replenished by sediments during rainy season.

9.2 Air Pollution Control Air Pollution:Emission of gases and dust takes place due to movement of vehicles. Spraying of water and plantation along the road side prevents the spread of dust. Plantation also acts as barrier for restricting pollution. Impact on air environment has been assessed taking in to consideration the proposed production and increase emissio ns. The sources of air pollution are given below: • Operation of mining machinery/ loading operations . • Transportation of mineral.

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Air pollutants released during production can be checked by: • Dust suppression system/ water spraying would be adopted at mine working and loading points . • Excavation operations to be suspended during very strong wind conditions . • Afforestation will be carried out for control of dust . • Plantation with wide canopy trees along approach road will help in dust suppression . • Persons to be provided with dust mask and other personal protective equipments particularly during summer months and dust storm periods .

Transportation • Regular water spraying on haulage roads during mineral transportation by water sprinklers, • Avoid over loading of tippers and consequent spillage on the roads, • Mineral carrying trucks will be effectively covered by tarpaulin to avoid escape of fine dust to atmosphere. • Air quality will be regularly monitored both in the core zone and the buffer zone.

Controlling of NO x level The source of NOx is due to vehicular emission. This can be controlled by proper maintenance and servicing of vehicles. Only P.U.C. certificated vehicles will be permitted.

9.3 Water Pollution Control 9.3.1 Surface and Ground Water Management There is no surface water body within the mining lease area. Thus, there is no localized /concentrated contamination of water from the mining in area. • The proposed working ar e far above the general ground water table. No toxic minerals substances and tailing pond located in the area. Thus quality of ground water will not pollute. • The mining does not have any impact on topography and natural drainage of surrounding area.

9.3.2 Waste Water Management No waste water will be generated from the mining activity of mineral as the project only involves extraction of sand.

9.3.3 Domestic Sewage Water Management Domestic waste water will be disposed in soak pits via septic tank

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Noise control is achieved by the following: • Proper care and maintenance of the equipments will be carried out. • Personal protective equipments will be provided to the workers.

9.5 Solid Waste Management There will be no OB or waste generation as the sand is exposed in the river bed. But, at the later stage, if any soil or waste will be obtained during mining, then same will be stored with proper pro tection and will be used for reclamation (plantation).

9.6 Socio Economic Improvement It is proposed that the lessee will spend for social development of the local residents. Under social development of the area, the lessee will donate part of his profit to provide drinking water facility, books to the poor student of the local school and medicines in the local hospital for treatment of the poor people and other social work. • In the recruitment process of the organization, local people will be given preference. • Most of the deserving candidates have already been absorbed. • The manag ement will recruit the skilled and semiskilled workers from the nearby villages thus increasing th e social status of the villagers. • The management will contribute for the overall economy and social development of the area.

9.7 Details of Health Checkup and Insurance of all the Employed Persons All workers will be subjected to medical examination as per Mines Rule, 1955 both at times of appointment and at least once in five years. Medical camps will be organized for this activity. Insurance of all employees as per the rules will be carried out.

9.7.1 Fund Provision for Rehabilitation It is proposed to rehabilitate and restore the environment. The contractor shall deposit/pay an amount equal to 2% of the due contract money along with installments towards the ‘Separate Corpus fund’.

10. ANALYSIS OF PROPOSAL (RECOMMENDATIONS)

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Pre- Feasibility Report Balu/ Sand Mining (Minor Mineral) Category - B2 (M.L. Area- 1.0 ha) with Production Capacity of 5000Cu.m at Kh.No.252,253,248 Village -Wirwa , Tehsil- Sindewahi, District: Chandrapur (Maharashtra) by Sri.ShyamkantSitaram There • Project will create direct and indirect employment opportunities within the surrounding region. Unit will use good faith efforts to employ local people from the nearby villages depending upo n the availability of skilled and un-skilled man-power surrounding the project site. • In this proposed mining project workforce of non -technical and technical persons are required. Migration of highly education and skilled experience will result in increase of literacy in the surrounding villages. • Assessment of the potential socioeconomic benefits during mining focused primarily on work force requirements, acquisition of supplies, and the temporary increased demand for services related to the mining project like food, housing, communications, law enforcement, medical care, local transportat ion etc. Due to these, additional revenue to local suppliers for required products and services related to the construction and operation phases of the project will generate. • Thus, mining activities will provide numerous new, although temporary, work oppo rtunities for both skilled and unskilled labor, as well as contribute significantly to the local economy. • Additional government revenue expected from royalty, taxes, duties and other fees.

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