New Horizons: Nothing Like It In The World Bill McKinnon & NH Science Team ! Successful Cruise Wake Up from Hibernation Dec 6 ! Spacecraft: Healthy ! Payload: Calibrated & Healthy ! Fuel: Above Pre-Launch Predict ! Trajectory: Nominal ! Encounter AP1 Began 15 Jan—We’re Here! NASA’s

1st$NF$mission$ 2nd$NF$mission$ 3rd$NF$mission$ New$Horizons$ $$ OSIRISEREx$

PlutoEKuiper$Belt$$ $Polar$Orbiter$ Asteroid$Sample$Return$

Launches$Sept$2016$ Launched$January$2006$ Launched$August$2011$ Returns$2023$ Arrives$July$2015$ Arrives$July$2016$ $ $ $ $ A vast transneptunian population

P"

Sheppard 2014" H ≤ 4.5 Ten largest transneptunian objects, plus Ceres A new planetary system to explore!

Earth-Moon!

Pluto-! $$$Approaching$PlutoECharon! Encounter—5 months away!

! Jan-May: Observatory Phase! ! June: Early Encounter! ! July: Closest Approach! ! Thru Late-2016: Downlink! -Charon Dead Ahead: All Ahead Full! Instrument Payload

REX SDC Radio science & radiometry Student dust counter PEPSSI (under spacecraft) Energetic particle detector

SWAP Solar wind analyzer

+Y Alice UV imaging +X spectrometer LORRI +Z Long-range Star Trackers visible imager Guidance and control visible pan. and color imager, IR spectrometer Science Instruments New Horizons Science Instruments

See http://pluto.jhuapl.edu for more info" PLUTO ENCOUNTER GEOMETRY

To Sun CLOSEST APPROACH: The View from 2015

Hydra Charon-Earth • S/C trajectory time ticks: 10 min Occultation • Occultation: center time 14:20:09 • Position and lighting at Pluto C/A Pluto-Earth • Distance relative to body center Occultation 12:52:30 15:00

14:00 Charon Sun! 13:00 Earth! Pluto 0.24° Charon-Sun 12:00 Occultation 14:17:50 Pluto-Sun Occultation 11:00 12:51:28 Charon C/A 12:04:00 New Horizons Trajectory 29,432 km Pluto C/A Nix 13.87 km/s 11:50:00 13,695 km 13.78 km/s Orbit Period a Charon 6.4 d 19,571 km Nix 24.9 d 48,675 km Hydra 38.2 d 64,780 km EARLY APPROACH SCIENCE

! Interplanetary dust, plasma, H I environment characterization begin mid-Jan

! Satellite and planet photometry and variability begin late-Jan

! Color observations begin in April

! Best resolution ever (BE) in early-May

! First airglow searches begin in late-May HST Pluto

! Searches for new satellites begin in late-May

! Better than existing IR composition resolution by June Earth-Based Observing Campaign http://www.boulder.swri.edu/nh-support-obs/! ! (partial listing)! P.I.! Facility! Investigation! Status! Gurwell! ALMA! Thermal mapping! Scheduling! Numerous! IRTF! Near-IR mapping! Awarded ~100 hours! Lorenzi! W. Herschel Telescope! Visible Mapping! Awarded 10 hours! Buie! HST! Spectral mapping! Awarded 40 orbits! Bennecchi! HST! Photometry! Awarded 4 orbits!

Schindhelm! HST! UV Spectroscopy! Awarded 2 orbits! Pinilla-Alonso! Spitzer! Thermal mapping! Awarded 6.5 hours!

Person! SOFIA! July 29 Dedicated flight! occultation! REVOLUTIONARY DATASETS IN STORE " Six$months$of$encounter$science$ " Exceed$Hubble$resoluPon$for$20$weeks$ " Map$Pluto$and$all$its$satellites$ " Make$composiPon$maps$of$Pluto$&$Charon$ " Map$surface$temperature$fields$ " Directly$measure$Pluto’s$escape$rate$$ " Assay$Pluto’s$atmospheric$structure $ $$$ $and$composiPon$ " Determine$if$either$Pluto$or$Charon$ $ $$$ $are$geologically$acPve$ " Much$more!$ The most exciting discoveries will likely be the ones we Dont anticipate. Highest resolution topography

LORRI 390 m/px" MVIC 320 m/px; LORRI 80 m/px"

Resolutions updated from Moore et al. 2015, Icarus special issue Ralph/LEISA (Linear Etalon Imaging Spectral Array) Infrared Imaging Spectrometer

256 x 256 pix, 64 microradian/pixel

2.10-2.25 µm, R≈560 scanned to form 256 x 256 x n spectral image cube 1.25-2.50 µm, R≈240

Pluto spectrum

Charon spectrum NH3

See Cruikshank et al. 2015, Icarus special issue -! -! !

! ! BE! Data Return for 16 months

two 64-Gb solid state recorders" Science Team Meeting #29: Jan 18-19, 2015 Alden & Annette Tombaugh imagine their father’s reaction to NH And if approved: On to a small KBO! Hubble to the Rescue!

• October 2013: proposal effort initiated • Next regular proposal period (proposal deadline April 2014), started October 2014, too late for us • Decided on Director’s Discretionary (DD) proposal for summer 2014 time • January 2014: Submitted 200-orbit DD proposal • Rejected in March 2014 • However STScI offered early (Summer 2014) implementation, 40 orbit contribution of DD time, for a regular proposal by the April 2014 deadline • April 2014: Submitted 160-orbit regular proposal • Proposed to use the additional 40 orbits of DD time for a pilot study • Demonstrate feasibility by finding 2 cold classical KBOs in order to qualify for the rest of the search time • June 13th 2014: Proposal accepted! • June 16th: (2.5 days later) Pilot observations start • June 28th: Necessary 2 pilot objects discovered • June 30th: Full program approved by STScI • July 7th – Aug 6th: Full program • Aug 2nd – Oct 22nd: Follow-up

26 slide courtesy H. Weaver Thanks!

• The STScI bent over backwards to support our KBO search program • We especially want to thank: • Matt Mountain (STScI Director) • Neill Reid (Head of STScI Science Mission Office) • Tony Roman (Program Coordinator) • Kailash Sahu (Contact Scientist) • Ken Sembach (Hubble Mission Head) • Hubble Time Allocation Committee (TAC) KBO search with HST DD & GO time

Red dots = probability distribution of targetable KBOs first image"

slide courtesy H. Weaver Closeup of PT1 / 1110113Y

slide courtesy M. Buie A Choice of KBOs!

• Two possible KBO targets (but not both) • Delta-v uncertainties only ~2 m/sec • Will improve with 2015 recoveries

Estimated' Diameter Current' Mean' First' Last' Arc' Informal' R'Mag='Albedo' Albedo' Delta=V,' Seen,' seen,' Length,' Name nitude ='0.15 ='0.04 m/sec 2014 2014 Days PT1

PT1 26.8 25)km 45)km 59 264Jun 224Oct 118 !

PT2 26.3 30)km 55)km 181 304Jul 214Oct 83 PT3 26.4 30)km 55)km 118 64Aug 214Oct 76

PT4 27.4 n/a 244Jun 34Aug 40 PT3 PT5 26.9 n/a 84Jul 84Jul <)1 !

slide courtesy J. Spencer 30 PT1 and PT3 Orbits in Context

slide courtesy A. Parker First Light from Nix & Hydra! WELCOME TO ENCOUNTER!