Common Name Scientific Name Notes (H) denotes hardy, high elevation survivors PLAINS GRASSLAND

Grasses

Indian Grass Sorghastrum avenaceum Winter seed source (H)

Little Bluestem Schizachyrium Winter seed source (H) scoparium Side Oats Grama Grass curtipendula Nectar and seed source

Switchgrass Panicum virgatum Cover and fall color

Perennials

Bush Sunflower Helianthus pumilus Fall seed source

Stemless Evening Primrose Oenothera howardii Lures hovering moths

Orange Butterflyweed Asclepias tuberosa Butterfly magnet (H)

Prairie Coneflower Ratibida columnifera Finches eat seed heads

Yellow Prickly Pear Opuntia polyacantha Bee nectar; fruit

Shrubs

Hackberry Celtis reticulata Fruit eaten by birds

Hawthorn Crataegus erythropoda Fruit, thorns for cover

Sand Cherry Cerasus (Prunus) besseyi Every one eats the fruit

Three Leaf Rhus aromatica ssp. Fruit for birds Sumac/Skunkbush trilobata Trees

Plains Cottonwood Populus Nest habitat for orioles & deltoides/monilifera owls

PINON-JUNIPER WOODLAND Grasses

Blue Grama Chondrosum bouteloua Substitute for bluegrass (H) gracilis Indian Ricegrass Achnatherum Seeds eaten by birds (H) hymenoides

Needle and Thread Hesperostipa comata Seeds eaten by birds (H)

Perennials

Wild Four O’clock Mirabilis multiflora Nectar feeding insects

Rocky Mountain Bee Cleome serrulata Butterfly magnet/self sows

Rocky Mountain Penstemon strictus Nectar feeding insects Penstemon Scarlet Bugler Penstemon Penstemon barbatus Hummingbird attractant

Silvery Lupine Lupinus argenteus Seeds eaten by birds (H)

Shrubs

Oregon-Grape Mahonia repens Berries eaten by birds

Rubber Rabbitbrush, Chrysothamnus Moths, butterflies, birds Green nauseosus (H)

Three-leaf Sumac Rhus aromatica Berries and cover (H) trilobata Trees

Piñon Pine Pinus edulis Pinon Jays/wildlife eat nuts

Rocky Mountain Juniper Sabina scopulorum Winter berries/birds (H)

PONDEROSA PINE FOREST/GAMBEL’S OAK CHAPARRAL

Grasses

Big Bluestem Andropogon gerardii Winter seed source

Idaho Fescue Festuca idahoensis Seeds eaten by birds

Junegrass Koeleria macrantha Cover, food for grazers (H)

Mountain Muhly Muhlenbergia Cover/food for birds

Perennials

Bee Balm Monarda fistulosa Hummer magnet/self sows

Scarlet Gilia Ipomopsis aggregata Hummingbird magnet

Sulfur Flower Buckwheat Eriogonum umbellatum Butterflies and bees

Wild Strawberry Fragaria virginiana Fruit eaten by everyone ssp. glauca Shrubs

Boulder Raspberry Oreobatus (Rubus) Fruit eaten by wildlife deliciosus Kinnikinnick Mountain Arctostaphylos uva- Berries eaten by wildlife ursi Ninebark Physocarpus Showy blooms/seed (H) monogynus Mountain Mahogany Cercocarpus montanus Cover/pods/birds

Serviceberry Amelanchier alnifolia Fruit eaten by wildlife (H)

Silver Buffaloberry Shepherdia argentea Fruit eaten by wildlife

Gambel’s Oak Quercus gambelii Cover/food for birds

SPRUCE/FIR/ASPEN MONTANE

Grasses

Mountain Muhly Muhlenbergia montana Cover/food for birds

Perennials

Tall Beard Tongue, Blue Penstemon virgatus Hummingbirds and butterflies Mist

Colorado Columbine Aquilegia caerulea Bee magnet

Coral Bells Heuchera sanguinea Nectar feeding insects

Western Sneezeweed Helenium hoopesii Bird and insect food

Shrubs

Mountain Spiraea Holodiscus dumosus Cover for birds

Red Elderberry Sambucus racemosa Every one eats the berries

Thimbleberry Rubacer parviflorus Fruit for wildlife

Twinberry Honeysuckle Lonicera involucrata Cover, nectar and berries

Trees

Aspen Populus tremuloides Woodpecker/swallow nesting

SEMI-DESERT SHRUBLAND

Grasses

Bluebunch Wheatgrass, Agropyron spicatum Good cover, birds eat seeds Western

Idaho Fescue Festuca idahoensis Bunchgrass, birds eat seed

Saltgrass Distichilis stricta salty soils ok, birds eat seed

Perennials Adobe Blanketflower Gaillardia pinnatifida Birds eat seeds, nectar/bees

Arrowleaf Balsamroot Balsamorhiza sagittata Bee magnet, birds eat seeds

Indian Paintbrush Castilleja integra Hummer magnet/buy seed

Lewis’ Flax - Blue Linum lewisii Butterfly/bee/not European var.

Prince’s Plume Stanleya pinnata Spring nectar bees/hummers

Silvery Lupine Lupinus argenteus Birds eat the seeds (H)

Shrubs

Antelope Bitterbrush Purshia tridentata Birds eat the seeds

Big Sagebrush Artemisia tridentata Cover for birds and lizards

Four-winged Saltbush Atriplex canescens Seeds/leaves eaten, good cover

Winterfat Krascheninnikovia Stellar winter browse plant lanata Trees

Utah Juniper Sabina osteosperma Berries eaten by birds

RIPARIAN/WETLANDS

Grasses/Grasslike

Cattail Typha latifolia Cover/nest material/spreads

Prairie Cordgrass Spartina pectinata Cover and seeds

Tufted Hairgrass Deschampsia caespitosa Cover and seeds (H)

Perennials

Arrowhead Sagittaria latifolia Cover, nectar for insects

Nuttall’s Sunflower Helianthus nuttallii Goldfinches love seeds Rocky Mountain Iris Iris missouriensis Nectar for spring insects

Shrubs

Chokecherry Padus (Prunus) Bees, all eat the fruit (H) virginiana Golden Currant Ribes aureum odoratum Flowers attract hummers, bees

Peach Leaf Willow Salix amygdaloides Cover

Redtwig Dogwood Cornus stolonifera Cover, birds eat berries

Streambank Willow, Salix exigua Cover Coyote